Insect diversity monitoring device and method for rice field covered with degradable film

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological monitoring, in particular to an insect diversity monitoring device for a rice field covered with a degradable film, and the device comprises a layered monitoring module which comprises a plant layer monitoring unit, a film surface monitoring unit and an under-film monitoring unit; the degradation film parameter acquisition module is integrally provided with a plurality of sensors and is used for synchronously acquiring key parameters of the degradation film; and the intelligent control module comprises a data receiving and processing unit and a remote control unit. The invention further relates to a monitoring method which comprises the following steps of device deployment, initial parameter setting, insect monitoring data acquisition, data transmission and analysis, dynamic adjustment and optimization, manual rechecking and data archiving. The method can be adapted to a scene with a degradable film, layered monitoring is carried out on the degradable film, the monitoring dimension is expanded, and data diversity is guaranteed; meanwhile, degradation film and environmental parameters are regularly collected and analyzed, and dynamic adjustment is performed according to an analysis result to adapt to different development periods and environmental changes of rice, so that the accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural ecological monitoring technology, specifically to an insect diversity monitoring device and method for paddy fields covered with degradable film, which is adapted to scenarios covered with degradable film. Background Technology

[0002] Biodegradable film mulching technology has become the mainstream model for green rice cultivation due to its ability to reduce soil residual pollution and improve the temperature and humidity environment of paddy fields. However, the biodegradable film covering the paddy field surface under this cultivation model alters the microenvironment of the paddy field (such as light transmittance, soil aeration, and temperature and humidity gradient), thereby affecting the habitat, reproduction, and activity patterns of insects. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor insect diversity under biodegradable film mulching conditions. However, traditional insect monitoring tools (such as traps and insect aspirators) are prone to damaging the integrity of the biodegradable film during deployment, which not only affects the degradation cycle of the biodegradable film but also causes distortion of insect monitoring data.

[0003] For example, patent CN203913081U discloses a rice paddy insect monitoring device, which uses a fixed trapping lamp combined with an insect collection box. This only allows for preliminary insect counting, and the adjustable support is only suitable for bare rice paddy plant heights, lacking design adaptability to biodegradable film environments. While patent CN110175599A can monitor pest numbers, species, and environmental parameters, it also focuses only on bare rice paddies, without involving biodegradable film parameter collection and correlation analysis. Therefore, existing insect monitoring devices are difficult to adapt to environments covered with biodegradable films. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an insect diversity monitoring device for rice paddies covered with degradable membranes. This device is adaptable to scenarios with degradable membranes and monitors insect diversity on, under, and within the plant itself, expanding the monitoring dimensions and ensuring data diversity. Simultaneously, it collects degradable membrane parameters and environmental parameters at regular high frequencies and dynamically adjusts the parameters of relevant components based on the parameter analysis results. This allows the entire monitoring operation to adapt to different developmental stages of rice and surrounding environments, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following solution: An insect diversity monitoring device for rice paddies covered with degradable film includes: The stratified monitoring module includes a plant layer monitoring unit, a membrane surface monitoring unit, and a membrane under-membrane monitoring unit. The plant layer monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a height-adjustable canopy trapping structure for attracting and collecting insects near the plant canopy. The membrane surface monitoring unit includes an array of multiple infrared sensing structures, each attached to the surface of the degradable membrane, for monitoring the activity trajectory, number, and body shape characteristics of insects crawling along the membrane surface within a certain range. The membrane under-membrane monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a membrane under-membrane trapping structure for attracting and collecting target insects active under the membrane. The degradation membrane parameter acquisition module integrates multiple sensors to simultaneously acquire key parameters of the degradation membrane, including transmittance, degradation rate, and membrane surface integrity. The intelligent control module includes a data receiving and processing unit and a remote control unit. The data receiving and processing unit receives and preprocesses the data collected by each module, and then uploads the processed data to a cloud platform. The remote control unit can remotely control the adjustable parameters of each module through the cloud platform.

[0006] Preferably, the canopy trapping structure is installed on the upper part of an adjustable support and includes an adjustable light source and a canopy insect collection box. The adjustable light source is used to attract phototactic insects and has multiple light source modes that can be adjusted according to the light transmittance of the degradation membrane to reduce interference from reflected light on the membrane surface. The canopy insect collection box is used to collect insect samples and is detachably connected to the mounting frame of the adjustable light source. An infrared photoelectric counting ring and a high-definition camera of the plant layer are provided at the entrance of the canopy insect collection box to achieve accurate counting of insects and real-time capture of insect images.

[0007] Preferably, the infrared sensing structure includes an infrared sensor connected to the degradation membrane via a magnetic mounting base; wherein the magnetic mounting base has a hollow design at the lower end near the upper surface of the membrane, the infrared sensor is embedded in the hollow part, and there is a certain distance between it and the membrane surface, which allows insects of various sizes on the membrane surface to pass through.

[0008] Preferably, a micro-slow-release cotton is also embedded next to the hollow area of ​​the magnetic fixing base. This cotton contains natural plant extracts that insects prefer, which are used to attract insects on the membrane surface within the monitoring area.

[0009] Preferably, the under-membrane trapping structure includes a trapping pipe inserted into the soil, with its upper end sealed and attached to the degradable membrane. At least one inlet is provided on the lower side wall to allow insects to enter the pipe. A trapping chamber with a screen as its base is formed inside the trapping pipe, and a first notch is provided at the edge of the screen to allow insects to crawl into the trapping chamber through the first notch. A high-definition under-membrane camera is installed above the first notch at the top of the trapping chamber to capture images of insects entering the trapping chamber. A sex pheromone trapping component is also provided in the trapping chamber to attract under-membrane insects into the trapping chamber. A detachable under-membrane insect collection box is also connected to the cavity wall next to the sex pheromone trapping component for collecting under-membrane insect samples. A weight sensor is provided at the bottom of the under-membrane insect collection box, which automatically counts insects by sensing changes in weight as they fall onto it.

[0010] Preferably, both the canopy insect collection box and the under-membrane insect collection box integrate an entrance guide, one-way interception, and rapid killing and sample preservation design, which guides insects to accurately enter the box and allows only one-way passage to prevent escape, while ensuring that they die quickly after entering to preserve the integrity of the sample.

[0011] Preferably, the degradation membrane parameter acquisition module includes: The transmittance sensor is used to detect the transmittance of the degradation membrane. It is a handheld portable type and is usually placed in the control cabinet of the intelligent control module. The control cabinet has a special place for placing the sensor to avoid random placement that may affect its detection accuracy. A tensile sensor and a soil sensor are used together to detect the degradation rate of the degradation membrane. The tensile sensor is a portable type and is usually placed in a dedicated slot in the control cabinet. It is used to detect the tensile force required to break the degradation membrane. The soil sensor is inserted into the soil surface layer under the membrane. It is used to detect the concentration of characteristic degradation products of the degradation membrane in the soil, and can also detect environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in the soil. A high-definition camera, mounted on an adjustable bracket, is used to periodically photograph the membrane surface in the monitoring area to detect any damage.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent control module also includes a low-power management unit, which adopts a dual power supply mode of solar energy and lithium battery, including a solar panel set on the top of the adjustable bracket and flexible solar modules laid on the edge of the monitoring area.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring insect diversity in rice paddies covered with degradable film, comprising the following steps: S1: Device Deployment: Deploy the aforementioned devices within the monitoring area; S2: Initial parameter settings: Configure the monitoring parameters in each module through the cloud platform, including the light source wavelength combination mode, sex pheromone release amount, degradation membrane parameter acquisition frequency, etc. S3: Insect monitoring data collection: including diversity monitoring of insects in the plant layer, membrane surface layer, and submembrane layer; S4: Data transmission and analysis: The monitoring data of insects and the collected data of degradation membrane parameters are transmitted to the data receiving and processing unit for processing, and then uploaded to the cloud platform; S5: Dynamic adjustment and optimization: Based on the cloud analysis results, the parameters of each module are remotely optimized by the remote control unit so that the parameters in the degradation membrane parameter acquisition and stratified monitoring module can adapt to different developmental stages of rice and environmental changes, ensuring accurate monitoring data, thereby accurately constructing a response model between the degradation membrane state and the insect community. S6: Manual verification: Regularly verify the insect samples in the canopy insect collection box and the under-film insect collection box, and supplement any insect samples that may have not been detected. S7: Data archiving.

[0014] Preferably, the device deployment step of S1 includes the following specific steps: S1.1: Place the under-membrane trapping structure near the center of the monitoring area; S1.2: Install the infrared sensing structure array on the degradation membrane, and then lay the degradation membrane to ensure that the infrared sensing structure array is evenly distributed in the monitoring area. S1.3: Pass the adjustable support with the canopy trapping structure through the degradation membrane and place it near the center of the monitoring area, while sealing the part where the adjustable support passes through the degradation membrane.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention is adapted to scenarios where a biodegradable membrane is used. By adding a membrane, it enables layered monitoring of the area above, below, and in the plant canopy, solving the problems of traditional devices being unable to capture insects under the membrane, being affected by reflected light from the membrane surface, and having difficulty in predicting weed growth. Furthermore, throughout the entire rice growth cycle, it periodically and frequently collects parameters such as the transmittance and degradation rate of the biodegradable membrane, as well as environmental parameters. These parameters are then analyzed, and the parameter settings of each module are remotely optimized based on the analysis results. Therefore, the operation of each module can adapt to different developmental stages of rice and surrounding environments, improving the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0016] This invention integrates spatial stratification monitoring, insect sample counting and species monitoring, and with the aforementioned dynamic parameter adjustment function, it can greatly improve the diversity and accuracy of insect monitoring data, breaking through the limitation of the relatively single dimension of existing insect monitoring technology. Furthermore, it can accurately construct a response model between the degradation membrane state and the insect community, providing data support for the correlation between the two.

[0017] This invention employs intelligent control, reducing manual intervention and improving the diversity and accuracy of monitoring data. It also incorporates a step of manually verifying insect samples, which can supplement potentially undetected insects and further improve the accuracy of monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the layered monitoring module in the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the lower part of the hierarchical monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a planar sectional view of the plant layer monitoring unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a planar cross-sectional view of the under-membrane monitoring unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: Degradable membrane 01, cleaning operation port 011, layered monitoring module 10, adjustable bracket 20, control cabinet 30, solar panel 40, flexible solar module 50, canopy trapping structure 11, infrared sensing structure 12, under-membrane trapping structure 13, adjustable light source 111, canopy insect collection box 112, infrared photoelectric counting ring 113, plant layer high-definition camera 114, annular airflow nozzle 1121, first unidirectional baffle 1122, first insecticidal slow-release agent 1123, Magnetic fixing base 121, trapping pipe 131, inlet 132, screen 133, trapping chamber 134, sex pheromone trapping component 135, under-membrane high-definition camera 136, weight sensor 137, under-membrane insect collection box 138, double-layer filter 139, first notch 1331, one-way passage 1381, collection part 1382, second one-way baffle 1383, second insecticidal slow-release agent 1384, second notch 1391. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example: This embodiment provides an insect diversity monitoring device for rice paddies covered with a degradable film, adapted to scenarios with a degradable film 01. It is set within a monitoring area with a radius of 5m, and specifically includes: Layered monitoring module 10, reference Figure 1 , Figure 2The system includes a plant layer monitoring unit, a membrane surface monitoring unit, and a membrane under-membrane monitoring unit. The plant layer monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a height-adjustable canopy trapping structure 11 for attracting and collecting insects near the plant canopy. The membrane surface monitoring unit includes multiple infrared sensing structures 12 arranged in an array, each of which is attached to the surface of the degradable membrane 01 to monitor the activity trajectory, number, and body shape characteristics of insects crawling along the membrane surface within a certain circumference. The membrane under-membrane monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a membrane under-membrane trapping structure 13 for attracting and collecting target insects active under the membrane. The degradation membrane parameter acquisition module integrates multiple sensors to simultaneously collect key parameters of the degradation membrane, including light transmittance, degradation rate, and membrane surface integrity, in order to provide a basis for data correlation analysis of insect diversity. The intelligent control module includes a data receiving and processing unit and a remote control unit. The data receiving and processing unit receives and preprocesses the data collected by each module, and then uploads the processed data to a cloud platform. The remote control unit can remotely control the adjustable parameters of each module through the cloud platform.

[0021] Specifically, the structure of the stratified monitoring module 10 for realizing insect diversity sampling is described in detail below.

[0022] The canopy trapping structure 11 is mounted on the upper part of the adjustable bracket 20 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown, the adjustable support 20 is sealed through the degradable membrane 01 and inserted into the soil. Its height is adjustable from 0.5 to 2.0 meters to suit different growth stages of rice. This trapping structure utilizes the phototaxis of insects near the canopy. (Refer to...) Figure 3 It includes an adjustable light source 111 and a canopy insect collection box 112. The adjustable light source 111 is used to attract phototactic insects. It can dynamically adjust the light source according to the transmittance attenuation curve of the degradation membrane 01 to reduce interference from reflected light on the membrane surface. The canopy insect collection box 112 is used to collect insect samples to prevent insects from wandering within the monitoring range and affecting the monitoring accuracy. At the same time, it can also realize sample verification and data calibration to ensure monitoring accuracy. The mounting frame of the insect collection box and the adjustable light source 111 can be detachably connected. An infrared photoelectric counting ring 113 and a high-definition camera 114 of the plant layer are set at the entrance to realize accurate insect counting and real-time capture of insect images.

[0023] Furthermore, the adjustable light source 111 features 365nm ultraviolet light, 520nm green light, and 660nm red light, with each light source having a light intensity adjustment range of 50-1000 lux (adjustment accuracy of 1 lux). It supports multi-mode combination switching, including single-band mode, dual-band combination mode, and tri-band hybrid mode. The single-band mode is suitable for situations requiring targeted trapping; the dual-band combination mode is suitable for monitoring situations of moderate complexity, such as those requiring consideration of both pests and natural enemies; the tri-band hybrid mode is the core mode, suitable for comprehensive insect diversity monitoring, and can cover more than 95% of beneficial pests in rice fields.

[0024] The canopy insect collection box 112 integrates airflow guidance, one-way interception, and rapid killing and sample preservation designs, among which, reference Figure 3 Airflow guidance can be achieved by setting an annular airflow nozzle 1121 at the inlet of the canopy insect collection box 112, and then cooperating with an air source system (not shown in the figure). The annular airflow nozzle 1121 is linked with the intelligent control module and can release a weak negative pressure airflow (wind speed 0.3m / s), but it does not affect the insects from approaching the light source, but only guides the insects to move into the canopy insect collection box 112. In this embodiment, the air source system can use a small silent oil-free air compressor and an air tank, which is placed in a hidden place in the field and then connected to multiple collection boxes through an air pipe.

[0025] refer to Figure 3 The one-way interception design is set after the annular airflow nozzle 1121 according to the insect's falling path. It can use a pair of first one-way baffles 1122 to allow the insect to pass downwards only and prevent it from escaping (the one-way passage principle can be referred to CN213663224U, but the structural setting is slightly different). The first one-way baffles 1122 are made of silicone material, which is thin and elastic. The two first one-way baffles 1122 form an inverted triangle shape, which can guide the insect downwards but makes it difficult for it to escape upwards. refer to Figure 3 The rapid-kill and sample-preserving design is achieved by placing a first insecticidal slow-release agent 1123 that emits an insecticidal odor below the first one-way baffle 1122, so that insects can die within a few seconds after entering, ensuring the collection of complete insect samples. Under normal conditions, the two first one-way baffles 1122 are tightly fitted together, thus forming a sealed cavity to prevent the odor from escaping and causing the insects to die prematurely, which would affect the accuracy of monitoring. The entrance of the canopy insect collection box 112 is set in a funnel shape with a forward orientation, so that it has an inclined surface, which can further guide the insects to fall downwards to the bottom of the canopy insect collection box 112.

[0026] Furthermore, the canopy insect collection box 112 is also equipped with a low-temperature preservation component (4°C constant temperature, not shown in the figure) to preserve insects at low temperature and ensure the integrity of the insect sample.

[0027] The monitoring principle of this plant layer monitoring unit is as follows: The intelligent control module can adjust the adjustable light source 111 mode in a timely manner according to the different stages of plant growth and the light transmittance of the degradation film 01, so as to effectively attract phototactic insects between the plant canopy layers. When they approach the entrance, they are captured by the high-definition camera 114 of the plant layer, and the image information of the insects is collected. At the same time, the negative pressure airflow generated by the annular airflow nozzle 1121 will attract the insects at the entrance to fall downwards and pass through the first one-way baffle 1122 and be collected in the canopy insect collection box 112. The box is then emptied manually at regular intervals to avoid the accumulation of insects interfering with subsequent trapping. During the falling process, the infrared photoelectric counting ring 113 is triggered to obtain the number of insects in the plant canopy.

[0028] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 The infrared sensing structure 12 includes an infrared sensor (not shown in the figure). The infrared sensor is connected to the degradation membrane 01 via a magnetic fixing base 121 to achieve a stable connection while avoiding damage to the membrane. Specifically, the magnetic fixing base 121 has a hollow design at the lower end near the upper surface of the membrane. The infrared sensor is embedded in the hollow part, and the infrared emission direction of the infrared sensor is perpendicular to the membrane surface. It has a certain distance from the membrane surface, which allows insects of various sizes on the membrane surface to pass through.

[0029] The magnetic fixing base 121 has two parts, which are respectively clamped on both sides of the degradable film 01 to achieve a non-damaging connection with the degradable film 01. The model can be XM-15 ultra-thin strong magnetic base (thickness 3mm, suction force 8kg, shell is made of UV-resistant ABS material), which is suitable for the load-bearing requirements of the degradable film 01. It has no sharp edges and corners, which can avoid scratching the film. It can be repeatedly disassembled and is suitable for degradable films 01 of different thicknesses (0.08-0.12mm).

[0030] Furthermore, a micro-slow-release cotton (not shown in the figure) is embedded next to the hollow area of ​​the magnetic fixing base 121. It contains natural plant extracts (such as rice stalk essential oil) that insects prefer, which can attract insects on the membrane surface in the monitoring area.

[0031] The monitoring principle of this membrane surface monitoring unit is as follows: Multiple membrane surface monitoring units arranged in an array form an network, creating multi-node linkage. Combined with a trajectory fitting algorithm, this overcomes the limitations of single-point monitoring. When an insect passes under the infrared sensor, it blocks the light, triggering a signal. The signal intensity (corresponding to the insect's size), trigger time, and node coordinates are then transmitted to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module, based on the trajectory fitting algorithm, connects the triggering sequence and time difference of adjacent nodes to generate the insect's crawling path. The insect's size is calculated based on the signal intensity. Furthermore, a time threshold is used (e.g., repeated triggering of the same node within 30 seconds is counted only once) to prevent duplicate counting of the same insect. Tracking is then performed based on the calculated trajectory, reducing calculation errors that may be caused by the same insect traveling back and forth, thus ensuring accurate counting.

[0032] refer to Figure 4 The under-membrane trapping structure 13 includes a trapping pipe 131, which is inserted into the soil and sealed at the top and attached to the degradable membrane 01. The lower side wall is provided with at least one inlet 132 to allow insects to enter the pipe. The upper end of the pipe and the degradable membrane 01 can be stably attached by adhesive or magnetic bonding.

[0033] refer to Figure 4 The trapping pipe 131 has a trapping cavity 134 formed by a screen 133 with the screen 133 as its base. The screen 133 has a first notch 1331 on its edge so that insects can crawl into the trapping cavity 134 through the notch. A high-definition camera 136 is installed above the first notch 1331 at the top of the trapping cavity 134 to capture images of insects entering the trapping cavity 134. A sex pheromone trapping component 135 is also provided in the trapping cavity 134 to attract insects under the membrane into the trapping cavity 134. The cavity wall next to the sex pheromone trapping component 135 can also be detachably connected to a sub-membrane insect collection box 138 for collecting sub-membrane insect samples. A weight sensor 137 is provided at the bottom of the sub-membrane insect collection box 138. When an insect enters the collection part 1382 and comes into contact with the insecticidal odor, it will fall to the bottom of the collection part 1382, triggering the weight sensor 137 to sense the weight change. One change corresponds to one insect, thereby realizing automatic counting. To prevent frequent direct impacts from insects on the weight sensor 137, which could damage its accuracy, a flexible protective pad is also attached to the surface of the weight sensor 137.

[0034] Furthermore, the under-membrane high-definition camera 136 is also equipped with an infrared supplementary light and forms a dim light, which is used for camera imaging on the one hand, and to create a relatively dark state inside the insect collection box on the other hand, thereby guiding insects with dark attraction to actively enter the under-membrane insect collection box 138.

[0035] The membrane-based insect collection box 138 also integrates a one-way interception and rapid killing and sample preservation design, as detailed below.

[0036] refer to Figure 4 The insect collection box 138 under the membrane includes a transverse one-way passage section 1381 and a longitudinal collection section 1382, which are connected and a pair of second one-way baffles 1383 are provided at the junction to allow insects to pass in only one direction. The one-way passage section 1381 also adopts a Z-shaped zigzag maze structure (not shown in the figure) to further prevent insects under the membrane from escaping after entering the insect collection box.

[0037] refer to Figure 4 The collection section 1382 is equipped with a second insecticidal slow-release agent 1384 (which has the same function as the first insecticidal slow-release agent 1123, but the additives in both are adjusted for different insects). The collection section 1382 also has a built-in low-temperature preservation component.

[0038] Furthermore, to facilitate the periodic removal and cleaning of the insect collection box 138 under the membrane, the degradation membrane 01 is provided with a cleaning operation port 011 corresponding to the collection part 1382 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), the collection section 1382 can be removed without lifting or damaging the degradation membrane 01, and the edge of the cleaning operation port 011 remains buried in the soil; Reference Figure 4 The collecting part 1382 is detachably snapped into the slot of the one-way passage part 1381, and the upper end of the collecting part 1382 protrudes from the soil surface (see reference). Figure 1 , Figure 2 Therefore, when cleaning is required, the soil at the cleaning operation port 011 can be removed, and the collection part 1382 can be gently pulled out through the upper end of the collection part 1382 for cleaning.

[0039] Preferably, refer to Figure 4 Below the screen 133, a double-layer filter 139 is also provided. The two filters have different mesh sizes and are used to intercept soil particles and membrane fragments below. The double-layer filter 139 is arranged at an angle and has a second notch 1391 on its lower edge. The second notch 1391 is set away from the first notch 1331 so that when insects want to enter through the first notch 1331, they must pass through the double-layer filter 139. During this process, the insects can drop any soil particles or membrane fragments they may be carrying, thereby reducing the impurity particles brought into the trapping chamber 134.

[0040] The monitoring principle of this membrane monitoring unit is as follows: The sex pheromone trapping component 135 slowly and steadily releases pheromones, which diffuse through the mesh of the screen 133 and the double-layer filter 139, attracting nearby sub-membrane insects to pass through the second gap 1391 and the first gap 1331 in sequence and enter the trapping chamber 134. After entering the trapping chamber 134, the sub-membrane high-definition camera 136 at the top captures an image of the insect. At the same time, the sub-membrane insects crawl into the relatively dark sub-membrane insect collection box 138 by their own dark attraction and fall onto the weight sensor 137 at the bottom of the collection section 1382. The weight sensor 137 detects changes in the weight and counts the insects.

[0041] In addition to monitoring insect diversity, it is also necessary to collect the status information of degradation membrane 01 in real time. Therefore, the degradation membrane parameter acquisition module is set as follows (this structure is not shown in the figure).

[0042] The degradation membrane parameter acquisition module includes: The transmittance sensor is used to detect the transmittance of the degradation film 01. It is a handheld portable type and is usually placed in the control cabinet 30 of the intelligent control module. The control cabinet 30 has a special place for placing the sensor to avoid random placement that may affect its detection accuracy. A tensile sensor and a soil sensor are used together to detect the degradation rate of the degradation membrane 01. The tensile sensor is a portable type and is usually placed in another dedicated slot in the control cabinet 30. It is used to detect the tensile force required to break the degradation membrane 01. The soil sensor is inserted into the soil surface layer under the membrane. It is used to detect the concentration of characteristic degradation products of the degradation membrane 01 (such as lactic acid and hydroxy fatty acids) in the soil. It can also detect environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in the soil. A high-definition camera, mounted on an adjustable bracket 20, is used to periodically photograph the membrane surface in the monitoring area to detect whether it is damaged.

[0043] The degradation rate determination method for degradation membrane 01 is as follows: the tensile force and concentration detected during the process are compared with the initial tensile force and concentration to calculate the rate of decrease in tensile force and the rate of increase in degradation product concentration. The two are combined to obtain the actual rate degradation curve, which is then compared with the standard curve of degradation membrane 01 (determined by the material of the degradation membrane and the ideal environment) to determine whether the degradation rate is normal, too fast, or too slow. When it is too fast or too slow, the acquisition frequency of the two corresponding sensors is increased and the actual degradation curve is obtained until the curve is close to the standard curve and the normal acquisition frequency can be restored to avoid missing key data due to the abnormal degradation rate parameters during the low-frequency acquisition stage, which would affect the accuracy of the final model construction.

[0044] To further accurately measure the changes in parameters of the degradation membrane 01 as it is used, this degradation membrane parameter acquisition module is also equipped with an environmental parameter acquisition component (this structure is not shown in the figure), which includes a temperature and humidity sensor set on the upper surface of the membrane to monitor the temperature and humidity of the membrane surface microenvironment. The temperature and humidity sensor is integrated and installed in the hollow area of ​​the magnetic fixing base 121.

[0045] In response to the trend of green and energy-saving development, the intelligent control module also includes a low-power management unit, which adopts a dual power supply mode of solar energy and lithium battery, as referenced. Figure 1 The system includes a solar panel 40 mounted on top of the adjustable support 20 and flexible solar modules 50 laid along the edge of the monitoring area, specifically implemented using flexible thin-film batteries. Both can collect sunlight and convert it into electrical energy to provide a stable power supply for the electrical components in the device.

[0046] Furthermore, the low-power management unit has a sleep mode. When there is no insect trigger signal within a certain period of time, or when the sensor has no abnormal data outside the predetermined collection period, it enters a sleep state, and only the core components work. When an insect triggers the signal of any module, the sleep mode is interrupted, and the corresponding monitoring module and intelligent control module are immediately awakened.

[0047] To achieve intelligent control in this solution, the device also involves components such as control chips and wireless communication modules. This intelligent control structure is widely used in existing technologies, so these components will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a method for monitoring insect diversity in rice paddies covered with degradable films, referring to the coating method. Figure 5 It includes the following steps: S1: Device Deployment: Deploy the aforementioned devices within the monitoring area; S2: Initial parameter settings: Set the monitoring parameters in each module through the cloud platform and remote control unit, such as the light source wavelength combination mode, sex pheromone release amount, degradation membrane parameter acquisition frequency, etc. S3: Insect monitoring data collection: This includes monitoring insect diversity in the plant layer, membrane surface layer, and sub-membrane layer. For details, please refer to the content of the aforementioned monitoring device. S4: Data transmission and analysis: The monitoring data of insects and the collected data of degradation membrane parameters are transmitted to the data receiving and processing unit for processing, and then uploaded to the cloud platform; S5: Dynamic adjustment and optimization: Based on the cloud analysis results, the parameters of each module are remotely optimized by the remote control unit to adapt to different developmental stages of rice and environmental changes, ensuring accurate monitoring data, thereby accurately constructing a response model between the degradation membrane state and the insect community; S6: Manual verification: Regularly verify the insect samples in the canopy insect collection box and the under-film insect collection box, and supplement the insect samples that may not have been detected, so as to further improve the accuracy of monitoring; S7: Data archiving.

[0049] Furthermore, the specific process for deploying the device in S1 is as follows: S1.1: The under-membrane trapping structure 13 is placed near the center of the monitoring area; S1.2: Install the infrared sensing structure 12 array on the degradation film 01, and then lay the degradation film 01 to ensure that the array of infrared sensing structures 12 is evenly distributed in the monitoring area. S1.3: The adjustable bracket 20 with the canopy trapping structure 11 is passed through the degradation membrane 01 and placed near the center of the monitoring area, while the insertion point of the adjustable bracket 20 and the degradation membrane 01 is sealed.

[0050] The above description is merely a specific example of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art, after understanding the content and principles of the present invention, may make various modifications and changes in form and detail without departing from the principles and structure of the present invention; however, these modifications and changes based on the spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring insect diversity in rice paddies covered with degradable film, characterized in that, Adaptable to scenarios with degradable membranes (01), including: The layered monitoring module (10) includes a plant layer monitoring unit, a membrane surface monitoring unit, and a membrane under-membrane monitoring unit. The plant layer monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a height-adjustable canopy trapping structure (11) for attracting and collecting insects near the plant canopy. The membrane surface monitoring unit includes multiple infrared sensing structures (12) arranged in an array. Each infrared sensing structure (12) is attached to the surface of the degradable membrane (01) for monitoring the activity trajectory, number, and body shape characteristics of insects crawling along the membrane surface. The membrane under-membrane monitoring unit is located at the center of the monitoring area and includes a membrane under-membrane trapping structure (13) for attracting and collecting target insects active under the membrane. The degradation membrane parameter acquisition module is equipped with multiple sensors to synchronously acquire key parameters of the degradation membrane (01), including transmittance, degradation rate, and membrane surface integrity. The intelligent control module includes a data receiving and processing unit and a remote control unit; wherein, the data receiving and processing unit is used to receive the collected data from each module and preprocess it, and then upload the processed data to the cloud platform; the remote control unit remotely controls the adjustable parameters in each module through the cloud platform.

2. The monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The canopy trapping structure (11) is installed on the upper part of the adjustable bracket (20) and includes an adjustable light source (111) and a canopy insect collection box (112). The adjustable light source (111) is used to attract phototactic insects. It has multiple light source modes that can be adjusted according to the light transmittance of the degradation membrane (01) to reduce interference from reflected light on the membrane surface. The canopy insect collection box (112) is used to collect insect samples. It is detachably connected to the mounting frame of the adjustable light source (111). An infrared photoelectric counting ring (113) and a plant layer high-definition camera (114) are provided at the entrance of the canopy insect collection box (112) to achieve accurate counting of insects and real-time capture of insect images.

3. The monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared sensing structure (12) includes an infrared sensor, which is connected to the degradation membrane (01) via a magnetic mounting base (121); wherein the magnetic mounting base (121) has a hollow design at the lower end near the upper surface of the membrane, the infrared sensor is embedded in the hollow part, and there is a gap between it and the membrane surface, which allows insects of various sizes to pass through the membrane surface.

4. The monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic mounting base (121) also has a micro slow-release cotton embedded next to the hollow area, which contains natural plant extracts that insects prefer, to attract insects on the membrane surface in the monitoring area.

5. The monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The under-membrane trapping structure (13) includes a trapping pipe (131) inserted into the soil and sealed at the top. At least one inlet (132) is provided on the lower side wall to allow insects to enter the pipe. A trapping cavity (134) is formed inside the trapping pipe (131) by a screen (133) with the screen (133) as its base. A first notch (1331) is provided at the edge of the screen (133) to allow insects to crawl into the trapping cavity (134) through the first notch (1331). A trapping device is installed above the first notch (1331) at the top of the trapping cavity (134). A high-definition camera (136) under the membrane is used to capture images of insects entering the trapping chamber (134); a sex pheromone trapping component (135) is also provided in the trapping chamber (134) to attract insects under the membrane into the trapping chamber (134); the cavity wall next to the sex pheromone trapping component (135) can also be detachably connected to a trapping insect collection box (138) for collecting insect samples under the membrane; a weight sensor (137) is provided at the bottom of the trapping insect collection box (138) to automatically count insects by sensing the weight change when insects fall onto it.

6. The monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the canopy insect collection box (112) and the under-membrane insect collection box (138) are integrated with inlet guidance, one-way interception, and rapid killing and sample preservation design.

7. The monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degradation membrane parameter acquisition module includes: A transmittance sensor is used to detect the transmittance of the degradation membrane (01). It is normally placed in the control cabinet (30) of the intelligent control module, and the control cabinet (30) has a special placement position for placing the sensor. The tensile sensor and the soil sensor work together to detect the degradation rate of the degradation membrane (01). The tensile sensor is usually placed in another dedicated position in the control cabinet (30) to detect the tensile force required for the degradation membrane (01) to break. The soil sensor is inserted into the soil surface under the membrane to detect the concentration of degradation products of the degradation membrane (01) in the soil, and can also detect the temperature and humidity in the soil. A high-definition camera, mounted on an adjustable bracket (20), is used to periodically photograph the condition of the membrane surface in the monitoring area to detect whether it is damaged.

8. The monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent control module also includes a low-power management unit, which adopts a dual power supply mode of solar energy and lithium battery, including a solar panel (40) set on the top of the adjustable bracket (20) and a flexible solar module (50) laid on the edge of the monitoring area.

9. A monitoring method, employing the monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Device Deployment: Deploy monitoring devices within the monitoring area; S2: Initial parameter settings: Set the monitoring parameters in each module, including the light source wavelength combination mode, sex pheromone release amount, and degradation membrane parameter acquisition frequency; S3: Insect monitoring data collection: including diversity monitoring of insects in the plant layer, membrane surface layer, and submembrane layer; S4: Data transmission and analysis: The monitoring data of insects and the collected data of degradation membrane parameters are transmitted to the data receiving and processing unit for processing, and then uploaded to the cloud platform; S5: Dynamic adjustment and optimization: Based on the cloud analysis results, the parameters of each module are remotely optimized by the remote control unit to adapt to different developmental stages of rice and environmental changes, and to accurately construct a response model of the degradation membrane state and insect community. S6: Manual verification: Regularly verify the insect samples in the canopy insect collection box and the under-film insect collection box, and supplement any insect samples that may not have been detected; S7: Data archiving.

10. The monitoring method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The device deployment steps of S1 include the following specific steps: S1.1: Place the under-membrane trapping structure (13) near the center of the monitoring area; S1.2: Install the infrared sensing structure (12) array on the degradation film (01), and then lay the degradation film (01) to ensure that the infrared sensing structure (12) array is evenly distributed in the monitoring area; S1.3: The adjustable bracket (20) with the canopy trapping structure (11) is passed through the degradation membrane (01) and placed near the center of the monitoring area, while the insertion points of the adjustable bracket (20) and the degradation membrane (01) are sealed.

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