Steelmaking steel ladle with conical bottom and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of steel-making continuous casting, and discloses a steel-making steel ladle with a conical bottom and a construction method thereof.A lower nozzle at the bottom of the steel ladle is used as a vertex, the dip angle ranges from 12 degrees to 20 degrees, and the ladle wall is built with refractory materials to form the conical bottom; the construction method comprises the following steps: setting the height from the upper opening of the lower nozzle to the bottom of the ladle wall to be 100-200mm, and adjusting the slope ratio to be 0.2-0.35; an annular building mode is adopted, and an angular instrument is used for monitoring errors within + / -0.5 degrees in real time; and the flatness error of surface treatment after building is not more than 10mm. The method is beneficial to complete flowing of molten steel, low-liquid-level slag entrapment is avoided, the molten steel yield is increased, and the slag discharging risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steelmaking continuous casting technology, specifically relating to a conical bottom ladle for steelmaking and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In steelmaking and continuous casting, the ladle is the core metallurgical vessel, not only used to receive molten steel from the converter and for transportation, but also playing a crucial role in ladle refining processes, such as LF refining and RH vacuum treatment, before finally being used for continuous casting. With the steel industry experiencing a prolonged downturn and increasingly fierce market competition, companies face mounting cost pressures. In this challenging market environment, the first-pass yield of molten steel has become a key factor in improving the core competitiveness of steelmaking and continuous casting processes, directly impacting the survival and development of enterprises.

[0003] The flat-bottomed steel ladle widely used in existing technologies has revealed significant technical defects in actual production. Especially towards the end of the molten steel pouring process, due to the large bottom area of ​​the ladle and the vortex effect formed at the bottom of the ladle, slag entrapment easily occurs when the molten steel depth is below 140mm. To ensure the quality of the cast billet and the safety of the production process, the ladle must be closed and the pouring operation stopped in a timely manner. This directly results in approximately 0.7 to 2.5 tons of molten steel remaining at the bottom of the ladle, which cannot be drained, leading to a serious waste of energy costs.

[0004] The aforementioned problem of residual molten steel not only increases energy consumption per production cycle but also significantly reduces steel yield, further exacerbating cost pressures on enterprises in a prolonged downturn market. The risk of slag entrapment at the end of each pour forces operators to close the ladle prematurely, resulting in a large amount of molten steel remaining unused, wasting valuable energy resources and reducing overall production efficiency. The low primary yield of steel in steelmaking has become a bottleneck restricting the competitiveness of steelmaking and continuous casting processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to solve the above problems and provide a conical bottom ladle for steelmaking and its construction method, which fundamentally solves the problem of slag entrapment in flat-bottom ladles at low liquid levels, thereby achieving complete pouring of molten steel, reducing energy waste, and improving the one-time steelmaking yield.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A steelmaking conical bottom ladle, wherein the bottom of the ladle is inverted conical, the outlet is located at the center of the bottom of the ladle and serves as the apex of the conical bottom, and the conical bottom is constructed from the apex to the ladle wall by refractory material, and is connected to the ladle wall to form an inclination angle of 12~20°.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper opening of the ladle drain is 100-200mm above the bottom of the ladle wall; the bottom inclination angle is adjusted according to the ladle's turnover clearance, and the cone slope ratio is controlled at 0.2-0.35; the refractory material on the bottom cone of the ladle is constructed in a ring-shaped manner to form circumferential pressure and ensure the tightness of the bottom cone of the ladle.

[0008] A construction method for the above-described conical bottom ladle for steelmaking includes the following steps: Step 1: Using the bottom drain outlet of the ladle as the apex, set the upper opening of the ladle drain outlet to be 100~200mm above the bottom of the ladle wall. Step 2: Using refractory materials, build a conical bottom from the apex to the steel ladle wall at an angle of 12~20°. The building is done in a ring-shaped manner to form circumferential pressure and ensure the tightness of the conical bottom surface of the steel ladle. During the building process, a goniometer is used to monitor in real time, and the construction error is controlled within ±0.5° to ensure that the slope of the entire bottom conical surface is uniform. Step 3: After the conical refractory material is laid, surface treatment is carried out. The surface flatness error should not exceed 10mm to ensure smooth flow of molten steel.

[0009] Furthermore, in step one, the horizontal distance between the upper opening of the ladle drain and the bottom of the ladle wall is 100-200mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the bottom inclination angle of the ladle is adjusted appropriately according to the turnover clearance of the ladle, and the cone slope ratio is controlled at 0.2~0.35.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Facilitates complete steel flow, avoids slag entrapment at low liquid levels, increases the amount of molten steel poured into the ladle, reduces ladle residue, and improves steel yield. This invention fundamentally changes the flow characteristics of traditional flat-bottomed ladles by using a conical bottom structure with the bottom of the ladle below the nozzle as the apex and an inclination angle of 12-20 degrees, constructed with refractory materials along the ladle wall. The conical bottom allows molten steel to flow smoothly towards the central nozzle even at the end of pouring, preventing slag entrapment due to the large bottom area and eddies, even at low liquid levels. This allows the ladle to continue pouring until almost all the molten steel is discharged. Compared to the existing flat-bottomed ladles that retain 0.7-2.5 tons of molten steel per pour, this invention significantly increases the amount of molten steel poured into the ladle, directly reduces ladle residue, and improves steel yield. This effect not only reduces energy waste but also increases the first-pass yield of steelmaking, providing enterprises with a core competitive advantage in the face of fierce market competition and cost pressures.

[0012] 2. Facilitates complete molten steel flow and the floating of inclusions when molten steel is present in small quantities, reducing the risk of slag accumulation in the ladle. The conical bottom structure of this invention promotes molten steel flow even when only a small amount of molten steel remains, while also facilitating the floating of inclusions and preventing slag accumulation at low liquid levels. By using a professional angle measuring instrument to monitor and ensure uniform inclination angle, controlled surface flatness, and tightness of the annular lining, this structure guarantees smooth and stable molten steel flow, significantly reducing the risk of slag accumulation during casting and improving billet quality and production safety.

[0013] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the conical bottom ladle used in steelmaking in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0016] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0017] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0018] Example 1 The present invention relates to a conical bottom ladle for steelmaking and its construction method, the specific construction steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Determine the location of the drain outlet at the bottom of the ladle as the apex of the conical bottom. First, set the top of the drain outlet at a horizontal height of 100-200mm from the bottom of the ladle wall; at the same time, adjust the bottom inclination angle appropriately according to the ladle's turnover clearance, controlling the cone slope ratio within the range of 0.2-0.35, ensuring that the geometric dimensions of the conical bottom match the actual usage conditions of the ladle.

[0019] Step Two: Starting from the apex, use refractory material to build up to the ladle wall at an angle of 12-20 degrees, forming a complete conical bottom. Throughout the construction process, a circular construction method is used, with the refractory material stacked layer by layer to create circumferential pressure, ensuring the tightness of the ladle bottom conical surface and preventing loosening or cracking during use. During construction, a professional angle measuring instrument is used to monitor the inclination angle in real time, and the construction error is strictly controlled within ±0.5° to ensure a uniform slope across the entire ladle bottom conical surface and avoid localized slope deviations that could obstruct the flow of molten steel.

[0020] Step 3: After the refractory material on the conical surface is laid, the surface of the conical surface is treated to ensure that the surface flatness error does not exceed 10mm, thereby ensuring that the molten steel flows smoothly and without obstruction.

[0021] The steelmaking conical bottom ladle obtained through the above construction steps has the following structural features: the bottom of the ladle has the lower water outlet as the apex, the lower water outlet is located at the center of the bottom of the ladle and serves as the apex of the conical bottom; the conical bottom is constructed of refractory material from the apex to the ladle wall and is connected to the ladle wall to form an inclination angle of 12-20 degrees.

[0022] In actual construction, after following the above steps, a stable conical structure is formed at the bottom of the ladle. During the continuous casting process, the molten steel can flow completely to the outlet. Even at low liquid levels, no eddy currents or slag entrainment will occur, thus effectively reducing ladle residue and improving steel yield.

[0023] Example 2 The construction steps in this embodiment are exactly the same as those in Embodiment 1, with only minor adjustments to some parameters: the horizontal height from the top of the ladle drain outlet to the bottom of the ladle wall is 150mm, and the bottom inclination angle is 15 degrees (slope ratio 0.27) to accommodate the turnover clearance of ladles of different capacities. All process requirements, such as angle measuring instrument monitoring, ring masonry method, and surface flatness treatment, are strictly implemented in accordance with Embodiment 1.

[0024] The above two embodiments fully verify the versatility of the technical solution of the present invention under different ladle specifications. Both can achieve the beneficial effects of avoiding slag entrapment at low molten steel levels and improving molten steel yield. Moreover, the construction process is simple and highly operable, and it is suitable for on-site modification of existing steelmaking continuous casting production lines.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steelmaking conical-bottom ladle, characterized in that, The bottom of the ladle is inverted cone shape, with the drain outlet located at the center of the bottom of the ladle and serving as the apex of the cone. The cone is constructed from the apex to the ladle wall using refractory material, and is connected to the ladle wall to form an inclination angle of 12-20°.

2. The steelmaking conical bottom ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper opening of the ladle drain is 100-200mm above the bottom of the ladle wall; the bottom inclination angle is adjusted according to the clearance of the ladle during turnover, and the cone slope ratio is controlled at 0.2-0.35; the refractory material of the bottom cone of the ladle is constructed in a ring to form circumferential pressure and ensure the tightness of the bottom cone of the ladle.

3. A construction method for a steelmaking conical bottom ladle as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Using the bottom drain outlet of the ladle as the apex, set the upper opening of the ladle drain outlet to be 100~200mm above the bottom of the ladle wall. Step 2: Using refractory materials, build a conical bottom from the apex to the steel ladle wall at an angle of 12~20°. The building is done in a ring-shaped manner to form circumferential pressure and ensure the tightness of the conical bottom surface of the steel ladle. During the building process, a goniometer is used to monitor in real time, and the construction error is controlled within ±0.5° to ensure that the slope of the entire bottom conical surface is uniform. Step 3: After the conical refractory material is laid, surface treatment is carried out. The surface flatness error should not exceed 10mm to ensure smooth flow of molten steel.

4. The construction method of the steelmaking conical bottom ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the horizontal distance between the top of the ladle drain outlet and the bottom of the ladle wall is 100-200mm.

5. The construction method of the steelmaking conical bottom ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the bottom inclination angle of the ladle is adjusted appropriately according to the turnover clearance of the ladle, and the cone slope ratio is controlled at 0.2~0.35.

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