Vertical shaft support heat removal and temperature control structure and mounting and using method thereof
By constructing fluid channels and using temperature sensor feedback control with hollow steel bar anchors, the durability and safety issues of well wall concrete in high-temperature environments of deep vertical shafts were solved, achieving efficient utilization of geothermal energy and improved structural stability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA COAL CONSTR GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
The high geothermal environment in deep vertical shafts poses a severe challenge to the durability and safety of the well wall concrete. Traditional geothermal energy extraction methods affect the load-bearing capacity of the well wall and are difficult to control the temperature effectively.
Hollow steel anchor rods are used as structural reinforcement to construct fluid channels for geothermal energy extraction. Temperature sensors are installed on the outside of the well wall for real-time monitoring and feedback control to regulate the fluid temperature and prevent the concrete from overheating.
It has enabled efficient geothermal energy extraction and temperature control from the well wall concrete, ensuring the long-term safety and durability of the well wall, and improving the structural stability and green energy utilization efficiency of deep well projects.
Smart Images
Figure CN122040299A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining construction engineering. Background Technology
[0002] As mineral resource development gradually advances into deeper areas, the construction and application of vertical shafts, as an important passage to deep strata, have developed rapidly. A significant characteristic of deep strata is the high geothermal temperature. Under high geothermal gradient conditions, the geothermal temperature increases rapidly with depth, reaching approximately 50°C at a depth of about 1000 m, and about 80°C at a depth of 2000 m.
[0003] The high geothermal environment of deep vertical shafts not only presents challenges for engineering construction and operation but also contains abundant geothermal energy resources. If this geothermal energy can be rationally developed and utilized, it is expected to provide domestic hot water and environmental heating for both the surface and underground areas of the mine, achieving significant comprehensive energy utilization benefits. This direction aligns perfectly with my country's ongoing energy structure transformation and strategic goal of shifting from fossil fuels to green and low-carbon energy.
[0004] On the other hand, the high geothermal environment poses a severe challenge to the durability of the concrete materials used in the shaft walls. High temperatures cause the internal moisture of the concrete to evaporate rapidly, leading to deterioration behaviors such as microcrack propagation and interface weakening, resulting in a significant reduction in its compressive strength, elastic modulus, and other mechanical properties. At the same time, the increase in microcracks weakens the impermeability of the concrete, causing increased water seepage in the shaft, thereby further deteriorating the overall performance and long-term stability of the shaft wall structure.
[0005] In general, deep vertical shaft construction is often carried out in areas with favorable geothermal conditions, containing abundant geothermal energy. Given the national need for a green energy structure transformation, utilizing the excavated wellbore space for geothermal energy extraction is an inevitable choice. However, the long-term exposure of the wellbore concrete to high temperatures will affect its durability, threatening the long-term safety of the wellbore. Therefore, controlling the temperature of the wellbore concrete to improve its long-term safety is also an urgent need. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure and its installation and usage method. It uses hollow steel bars as structural reinforcement and support anchors, and utilizes the space in the middle of the hollow steel bars as a fluid channel to achieve formation heat extraction. At the same time, by pre-setting a temperature sensor on the outside of the shaft wall, the water temperature entering the hollow steel bars is controlled by temperature feedback to avoid excessively high temperature of the shaft wall concrete.
[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: it includes a hollow steel bar anchor rod 1, one end of which extends into the well wall of the well shaft and is fixedly connected to an iron cap, and the other end extends into the surrounding rock outside the well shaft and remains closed; A hollow anchor tube 2 is installed inside the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1. The anchor tube 2 is fixedly installed inside the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1 and is also installed through a sheet metal cap. The sheet metal cap is sealed to both the outer wall of the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1 and the outer wall of the anchor tube 2. An anchor outlet pipe 4 is also fixedly installed on the side wall of the sheet metal cap and is in communication with it. The anchor outlet pipe 4 is connected to the anchor tube 2 through the annular cavity between the sheet metal cap, the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1, and the anchor tube 2. The well wall is also provided with vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the water supply side and vertical hollow steel bars 6 on the return water side. The vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the water supply side are connected to the inner pipe 2 of the anchor rod, and the vertical hollow steel bars 6 on the return water side are connected to the outlet pipe 4 of the anchor rod. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure also includes a vertical water supply pipe 11 and a vertical return water pipe 12 located inside the shaft for connecting geothermal users. The vertical water supply pipe 11 is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the water supply side, and the vertical return water pipe 12 is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure also includes a temperature sensor 14 arranged on the outside of the well wall lining. The temperature sensor 14 is connected to the data acquisition device 15 on the well via a sensor wire 16.
[0008] Furthermore, the well wall is also provided with a circumferential connecting pipe 5. The two ends of the circumferential connecting pipe 5 are respectively connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side and the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 through local connecting parts, so that there is a gap between the vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the water supply side and the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side.
[0009] Furthermore, the inner side of the well is also provided with a circumferential return water pipe 9 and a circumferential supply water pipe 10. The two ends of the circumferential return water pipe 9 are respectively connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side and the vertical return water pipe 12 through local connectors. The two ends of the circumferential supply water pipe 10 are respectively connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the supply water side and the vertical supply water pipe 11 through local connectors.
[0010] Furthermore, multiple temperature sensors 14 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outside of the well wall lining, and the sensor wires 16 pass through the joint seam between adjacent well barrels to connect the temperature sensors 14.
[0011] The installation and usage instructions are as follows: Step 1: Anchor bolt fabrication, processing, and installation; The hollow steel anchor rod 1, the inner tube 2, and the outlet tube 4 are fabricated and processed in the factory. After the surrounding rock is excavated on site, holes are drilled around the shaft wall, and the hollow steel anchor rod 1 is inserted into the drilled holes. The anchor rod tray is installed, and grout is injected into the anchor rod drilled holes. After the cement grout has solidified, the anchor rod installation is complete. At this time, the protruding part of the inner tube 2 and the outlet tube 4 are exposed, awaiting subsequent pipeline connection. Step 2: Connection of hollow steel bar-hollow anchor rod circulation pipeline The vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the water supply side is connected to the inner pipe 2 of the anchor bolt, the outlet pipe 4 of the anchor bolt is connected to the circumferential connecting pipe 5, and the circumferential connecting pipe 5 is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side. Waterproof tape is wrapped around the connection points to ensure a tight and waterproof seal. This forms a set of circulating fluid channels consisting of the vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the water supply side, the inner pipe 2 of the anchor bolt, the outlet pipe 4 of the anchor bolt, the circumferential connecting pipe 5, and the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side. Multiple sets of circulating fluid channels can be set around the well shaft as needed. Step 3: Temperature sensor placement and well wall casting; Temperature sensor 14 is arranged circumferentially on the outside of the well wall. Temperature sensor 14 is connected to sensor wire 16 and extends from the joint of the well wall. To ensure the safety of the lead wire, an outer sleeve is added to the lead wire. Then, a water injection test of the circulation pipeline was carried out. After ensuring that there was no leakage at the joints of the circulation pipeline, the concrete of the well wall was poured. For the parts that need to be connected to the circumferential return water pipe 9 and circumferential supply water pipe 10 inside the well, the specific locations were marked. After the concrete of the well wall was poured, the local parts were chiseled open to connect the pipes. Step 4: Connect the pipes and wires inside the well casing; Lead out the sensor wire 16 at the joint of the well wall and connect it with the sensor wire 16 inside the well. Take sealing and waterproof measures at the joint. Then lead the sensor wire 16 to the monitoring center and connect it to the data acquisition device 15 to automatically or manually test the temperature on the outside of the well wall. The marked location in step three is chiseled open, and the circumferential return water pipe 9 and circumferential supply water pipe 10 are installed inside the well. Then, the circumferential return water pipe 9 is connected to the vertical return water pipe 12, and the circumferential supply water pipe 10 is connected to the vertical supply water pipe 11, so that the working fluid is connected to the geothermal user through the vertical supply water pipe 11 and the vertical return water pipe 12. Step 5: Activate the heat extraction circulation and temperature feedback control; When the water pump is turned on at the geothermal user, the working fluid enters the circumferential return water pipe 9 through the vertical return water pipe 12, and then is distributed into each set of vertical hollow steel bars 6 on the return water side. From the vertical hollow steel bars 6 on the return water side, it enters the anchor outlet pipe 4 through the circumferential connecting pipe 5. The working fluid flows in the circumferential channel inside the hollow steel bar anchor 1, flows out through the anchor inner pipe 2, and is then supplied to the geothermal user through the vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the supply side, the circumferential water supply pipe 10, and the vertical water supply pipe 11. At the same time, temperature monitoring of the outside of the well wall begins. During the heat extraction process, the temperature behind the concrete wall will gradually decrease. Once the temperature test value is basically stable, if the stable temperature is higher than the set temperature, we will consider increasing the water flow rate and reducing the temperature of the return water pipe coming out from the user side to ensure that the temperature of the well wall concrete is within a reasonable range and to protect the long-term safety of the well wall concrete. During this process, the reverse flow of water supply and return does not affect the overall operation of the heat extraction and temperature control structure.
[0012] This invention addresses the issue of abundant geothermal energy in the surrounding strata of deep vertical shaft construction. Traditional methods of arranging pipes within the concrete shaft wall yield limited heat extraction from the surrounding rock and can negatively impact the shaft's load-bearing capacity, threatening its safety. Furthermore, the long-term exposure of the concrete shaft to high geothermal temperatures severely compromises its durability. Therefore, this invention utilizes hollow reinforcement and hollow anchor bolts within the support structure as fundamental components. Through internal channels, supplemented by a small number of circumferential pipes and connectors, a complete circulating fluid channel system is constructed. The circulating fluid operates within these channels, enabling efficient extraction of geothermal energy from the surrounding rock. Simultaneously, temperature sensors are deployed on the outside of the concrete to monitor the temperature in real time. Based on this temperature feedback, the inlet water temperature of the circulating fluid is adjusted, effectively preventing the concrete shaft from being exposed to prolonged high temperatures and ensuring structural safety and durability. This invention provides a crucial technical means for the efficient utilization of geothermal energy in the surrounding rock of vertical shafts and lays the foundation for the long-term stability of the surrounding rock support structure.
[0013] This invention is a device that utilizes anchor bolts, steel bars, and other components in its own support structure to extract geothermal energy from the surrounding rock of a well shaft, while simultaneously monitoring and controlling the ambient temperature outside the well wall. This invention enables the well wall structure to have both load-bearing and heat extraction and temperature control functions, laying the foundation for the utilization of geothermal energy in vertical shaft engineering and ensuring the long-term durability of well wall concrete.
[0014] This invention boasts advantages such as compact and rational structure, green and low-carbon design, strong controllability, and high long-term safety. It facilitates the efficient utilization of geothermal energy in the surrounding strata of the wellbore, while also improving the environment of the deep well concrete support structure and enhancing its durability, thus laying the foundation for safe and green deep mine construction. Compared to existing methods of laying pipes within the concrete well wall, this invention effectively utilizes the reinforcement of the wellbore, avoiding the reduction in the bearing capacity of the well wall structure caused by pipe laying. Furthermore, the anchor bolts extending deep into the rock and soil are more conducive to the extraction of heat from the surrounding rock, while the temperature control feedback device effectively controls the temperature of the well wall concrete, ensuring its long-term safety. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of hollow anchor bolt-hollow steel bar-supply and return water pipe fluid pipeline connection Figure 2 Schematic diagram of temperature feedback device and its wiring Figure 3Schematic diagram of hollow anchor rod inner tube installation and outlet pipe In the diagram: 1-Hollow steel anchor rod; 2-Anchor rod inner tube; 3-Vertical hollow steel bar on the water supply side; 4-Anchor rod outlet pipe; 5-Circumferential connecting pipe; 6-Vertical hollow steel bar on the return water side; 7-Partial connection between the vertical hollow steel bar on the return water side and the circumferential return water pipe; 8-Partial connection between the vertical hollow steel bar on the water supply side and the circumferential water supply pipe; 9-Circumferential return water pipe; 10-Circumferential water supply pipe; 11-Vertical water supply pipe; 12-Vertical return water pipe; 13-Well wall; 14-Temperature sensor; 15-Data acquisition instrument; 16-Sensor wire; 17-Closed welding position; 18-Spot welding position. Detailed Implementation
[0016] To clearly illustrate the technical features of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0017] This includes: hollow steel anchor rods, anchor rod inner tubes, anchor rod outlet pipes, vertical hollow reinforcement of the well wall, circumferential connecting pipes, partial connectors, water supply and return pipes (circumferential and vertical) inside the well, geothermal users, temperature feedback devices, etc.
[0018] The hollow steel anchor 1 is an anchor made of hollow steel bars, and its installation in the surrounding rock is the same as that of a traditional anchor. Unlike traditional hollow anchors, both ends of the hollow steel anchor 1 require sealing welding. The end extending into the surrounding rock is directly sealed and welded, while the end closer to the well wall is covered with a sheet metal cap with an anchor outlet pipe 4. The sheet metal cap is then sealed and welded to the outer wall of the hollow anchor 1 and the outer wall of the inner anchor pipe 2. An annular fluid channel is formed between the hollow steel anchor 1 and the inner anchor pipe 2.
[0019] The inner tube 2 of the anchor bolt is a tube placed inside the hollow steel anchor bolt 1. Its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow steel anchor bolt 1, forming an annular fluid channel between them. To ensure smooth flow, sufficient space must be left between the inner tube 2 and the bottom of the hollow steel anchor bolt 1. The inner tube 2 is connected to the vertical hollow steel reinforcement 3 of the well wall near the well wall using a partial connector.
[0020] The anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 is the outlet portion of the annular fluid channel between the hollow steel anchor bolt 1 and the inner anchor bolt pipe 2. The hollow steel anchor bolt 1 has the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 externally connected to its side near the well wall. The external connection method is as follows: Figure 3 The middle section uses a welded iron cap with an anchor bolt outlet pipe 4, which is connected to the circumferential connecting pipe 5 via a partial connector. The inner pipe 2, the annular space inside the hollow steel anchor bolt 1, and the outlet pipe 4 constitute a complete fluid channel within the anchor bolt.
[0021] The vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the water supply side and 6 on the water return side are vertically arranged steel bars set within the concrete of the well wall. The internal area of the hollow steel bars provides a channel for vertical fluid flow. One end of the vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the water supply side and 6 on the water return side is connected to the circumferential water return pipe 9 and circumferential water supply pipe 10 inside the well barrel through local connectors, respectively. The other end is connected to the inner pipe 2 of the anchor rod through local connectors or to the outlet pipe 4 of the anchor rod through the circumferential connecting pipe 5 and local connectors. Depending on the water supply and water return functions, the vertical hollow reinforcement of the well wall can be divided into vertical hollow reinforcement 3 for water supply and vertical hollow reinforcement 6 for water return.
[0022] The circumferential connecting pipe 5 is a short pipe arranged circumferentially along the well wall within the well wall concrete. One end of it is connected to the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 via a partial connector, and the other end is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar 6 via a partial connector, thereby forming a circulating fluid channel inside the well wall steel bar.
[0023] The aforementioned partial connector is used to connect adjacent vertical hollow steel bars 3 on the water supply side or vertical hollow steel bars 6 on the return side, anchor inner tube 2, anchor outlet tube 4, circumferential connecting tube 5, circumferential return water pipe 9, or circumferential water supply pipe 10. The partial connector is hollow and has internal threads that match the steel bars or pipes to be connected at both ends. Depending on the specific situation, it can be set as a "I" shape or an "L" shape, etc. Figure 1 The partial connector 7 between the vertical hollow steel bar 6 on the return water side and the circumferential return water pipe 9, and the partial connector 8 between the vertical hollow steel bar 3 on the supply water side and the circumferential supply water pipe 10 are visible.
[0024] The supply and return water pipes within the wellbore consist of a return water pipe from the geothermal user and a supply water pipe returning to the geothermal user after heat extraction from the well wall and surrounding rock. These include a circumferential return water pipe 9, a circumferential supply water pipe 10, a vertical supply water pipe 11, and a vertical return water pipe 12. The circumferential return water pipe 9 and circumferential supply water pipe 10 primarily collect water from all circumferential directions to the vertical supply water pipe 11 and vertical return water pipe 12, while the vertical supply water pipe 11 and vertical return water pipe 12 primarily connect the collected water to the user. When the supply and return water pipes are arranged circumferentially and vertically along the well wall, fixing devices are installed on the well wall at certain intervals. The pipes coming from the geothermal user do not require insulation, while the pipes returning to the geothermal user after heat exchange require insulation to prevent heat loss.
[0025] The geothermal user is a user who needs heat energy or hot water on the ground or underground. The vertical water supply pipe 11 delivers the heated fluid to the geothermal user, where it releases heat and then enters the temperature-controlled heat extraction structure through the vertical water return pipe 12 for geothermal energy extraction.
[0026] The temperature feedback device consists of temperature sensors 14 arranged on the outside of the well wall lining, sensor wires 16, and a data acquisition device 15. Two to four temperature sensors 14 can be arranged around the well wall as needed. These temperature sensors 14 transmit data to the data acquisition device 15 via the sensor wires 16, and the collected temperature data is used to control the temperature of the well wall concrete.
[0027] The installation and usage instructions are as follows: Step 1: Anchor bolt fabrication, processing, and installation; The anchor rod consists of a hollow steel bar anchor rod 1, an inner tube 2, and an outlet tube 4. Select a hollow steel bar anchor rod 1 of the designed length, insert the inner tube 2 (with a slightly smaller diameter) into the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1, ensuring that the bottom of the inner tube 2 is 1-2 cm away from the bottom of the hollow steel bar 1. Fix the inner tube to the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod 1 by spot welding 18. Four circumferential welding points can be selected. Then, seal the bottom of the hollow steel bar anchor rod 1 with iron sheets.
[0028] Fabricate a sheet metal cap with the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4, pass the sheet metal cap through the hollow anchor bolt inner tube 2, and weld the sheet metal cap to the anchor bolt inner tube 2 and the hollow anchor bolt 1. Threads should be machined onto the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 on the sheet metal cap and the anchor bolt inner tube 2 for easy connection. The anchor bolts are fabricated in the factory. After the surrounding rock is excavated on site, holes are drilled around the shaft wall, the anchor bolts are inserted into the drilled holes, the anchor bolt trays are installed, and grout is injected into the anchor bolt holes. After the cement grout has solidified, the anchor bolt installation is complete. At this point, the protruding part of the anchor bolt inner tube 2 and the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 need to be exposed and protected, awaiting subsequent pipeline connection.
[0029] Step 2: Connection of hollow steel bar-hollow anchor rod circulation pipeline L-shaped connectors are used to connect the vertical hollow steel bars 3 and the inner anchor pipe 2, and the circumferential connecting pipe 5 and the vertical hollow steel bars 6, etc. I-shaped connectors are used to connect the anchor outlet pipe 4 and the circumferential connecting pipe 5, etc. During these operations, waterproof tape should be wrapped around the joints to ensure a tight and waterproof seal. This forms a circulating fluid channel consisting of the vertical hollow steel bars 3, the inner anchor pipe 2, the anchor outlet pipe 4, the circumferential connecting pipe 5, and the vertical hollow steel bars 6. Depending on actual needs, multiple similar circulating fluid channels can be installed around the wellbore.
[0030] Step 3: Temperature sensor placement and well wall casting; Temperature sensors 14 are arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the well wall. Sensors 14 extend from the well wall joint via connecting wires 16. To ensure the safety of the lead wire, an outer sleeve can be added. A water injection test of the circulation pipeline is then conducted, ensuring that there are no leaks at the joints. The well wall concrete is then poured. For sections requiring external connection to the circumferential return water pipe 9 and circumferential supply water pipe 10 within the well, their specific locations can be marked. After the well wall concrete is poured, these sections are chiseled open for pipe connection.
[0031] Step 4: Connect the pipes and wires inside the well casing; Lead out the wire 16 from the joint of the well wall and connect it with the wire 16 inside the well. Seal and waterproof the joint. Then lead the wire 16 to the monitoring center and connect it to the data acquisition device 15 to automatically or manually test the temperature on the outside of the well wall. Chisel open the marked inlet and outlet positions of the vertical hollow steel bars 3 and 6, and connect the vertical hollow steel bars 3 and 6 to the circumferential water supply pipe 10 and return water pipe 9 inside the well. Then connect the circumferential return water pipe 9 to the vertical return water pipe 12, and the circumferential water supply pipe 10 to the vertical water supply pipe 11. The vertical water supply and return pipes 11 and 12 connect the working fluid to the geothermal user.
[0032] Step 5: Activate the heat extraction circulation and temperature feedback control; At the geothermal user's location, the water pump is turned on. The working fluid enters the circumferential return water pipe 9 through the vertical return water pipe 12, and then is distributed to each set of vertical hollow steel bars 6. From the vertical hollow steel bars 6, it enters the anchor bolt outlet pipe 4 through the circumferential connecting pipe 5. The working fluid flows in the circumferential channel inside the anchor bolt and flows out through the inner pipe 2 of the anchor bolt. It is then supplied to the geothermal user's location via the vertical hollow steel bars 3, the circumferential water supply pipe 10, and the vertical water supply pipe 11. Simultaneously, temperature monitoring of the outside of the well wall begins. During the heat extraction process, the temperature behind the concrete wall will gradually decrease. Once the temperature test value is basically stable, if the stable temperature is higher than the set temperature (e.g., 35℃), the flow rate of the water pipes will be increased and the temperature of the return water pipe from the user's side will be reduced to ensure that the temperature of the well wall concrete is within a reasonable range and to protect the long-term safety of the well wall concrete. During this process, the water supply and return can be reversed without affecting the overall operation of the heat extraction and temperature control structure.
[0033] There are many specific ways to implement this invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements can be made without departing from the principle of this invention, and these improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure, characterized in that, Includes hollow steel bar anchor rod (1), one end of which extends into the well wall of the well shaft and is fixedly connected to a sheet metal cap, and the other end extends into the surrounding rock outside the well shaft and remains closed; The hollow steel bar anchor rod (1) is provided with a hollow anchor rod inner tube (2) through it. The anchor rod inner tube (2) is fixedly installed inside the hollow steel bar anchor rod (1) and is also provided with a sheet metal cap. The sheet metal cap is closed to both the outer wall of the hollow steel bar anchor rod (1) and the outer wall of the anchor rod inner tube (2). An anchor rod outlet pipe (4) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the sheet metal cap and is in communication with it. The anchor rod outlet pipe (4) is connected to the anchor rod inner tube (2) through the sheet metal cap and the annular cavity between the hollow steel bar anchor rod (1) and the anchor rod inner tube (2). The well wall is also provided with vertical hollow steel bars (3) on the water supply side and vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side. The vertical hollow steel bars (3) on the water supply side are connected to the inner pipe (2) of the anchor rod, and the vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side are connected to the outlet pipe (4) of the anchor rod. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure also includes a vertical water supply pipe (11) and a vertical return water pipe (12) located inside the shaft for connecting geothermal users. The vertical water supply pipe (11) is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar (3) on the water supply side, and the vertical return water pipe (12) is connected to the vertical hollow steel bar (6) on the return water side. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure also includes a temperature sensor (14) arranged on the outside of the well wall lining. The temperature sensor (14) is connected to the data acquisition device (15) on the well via a sensor wire (16).
2. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The well wall is also provided with a circumferential connecting pipe (5). The two ends of the circumferential connecting pipe (5) are connected to the vertical hollow steel bar (6) on the return water side and the anchor bolt outlet pipe (4) respectively through local connecting parts, so that there is a gap between the vertical hollow steel bar (3) on the water supply side and the vertical hollow steel bar (6) on the return water side.
3. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The well shaft is also provided with a circumferential return water pipe (9) and a circumferential supply water pipe (10). The two ends of the circumferential return water pipe (9) are respectively connected to the vertical hollow steel bar (6) on the return water side and the vertical return water pipe (12) through local connectors. The two ends of the circumferential supply water pipe (10) are respectively connected to the vertical hollow steel bar (3) on the supply water side and the vertical supply water pipe (11) through local connectors.
4. The vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple temperature sensors (14) are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outside of the well wall lining, and the sensor wires (16) pass through the joint seam between the upper and lower adjacent wells to connect the temperature sensors (14).
5. A method for installing and using the vertical shaft support heat extraction and temperature control structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The installation and usage instructions are as follows: Step 1: Anchor bolt fabrication, processing, and installation; The hollow steel anchor rod (1), the inner tube (2), and the outlet tube (4) are manufactured and processed in the factory. After the surrounding rock is excavated on site, holes are drilled around the shaft wall, and the hollow steel anchor rod (1) is inserted into the drilled holes. The anchor rod tray is installed, and grout is injected into the drilled holes. After the cement grout solidifies, the anchor rod installation is completed. At this time, the protruding part of the inner tube (2) and the outlet tube (4) are exposed, waiting for subsequent pipeline connection. Step 2: Connection of hollow steel bar-hollow anchor rod circulation pipeline Connect the vertical hollow steel bars (3) on the water supply side and the inner pipe (2) of the anchor rod, the outlet pipe (4) of the anchor rod and the circumferential connecting pipe (5), and the circumferential connecting pipe (5) and the vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side. Wrap the connection with waterproof tape to ensure that the connection is sealed and waterproof. Thus, a set of circulating fluid channels is formed, consisting of the vertical hollow steel bars (3) on the water supply side, the inner pipe (2) of the anchor rod, the outlet pipe (4) of the anchor rod, the circumferential connecting pipe (5), and the vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side. According to actual needs, multiple sets of circulating fluid channels can be set around the well shaft. Step 3: Temperature sensor placement and well wall casting; Temperature sensors (14) are arranged circumferentially on the outside of the well wall. Temperature sensors (14) are connected to sensor wires (16) and extend from the joint of the well wall. To ensure the safety of the lead wire, an outer sleeve is added to the lead wire. Then, a water injection test of the circulating pipeline was carried out. After ensuring that there was no leakage at the joint of the circulating pipeline, the well wall concrete was poured. For the parts that need to be connected to the circumferential return water pipe (9) and circumferential water supply pipe (10) inside the well, the specific locations were marked. After the well wall concrete was poured, the local parts were chiseled open to connect the pipes. Step 4: Connect the pipes and wires inside the well casing; Lead out the sensor wire (16) at the joint of the well wall and connect it with the sensor wire (16) inside the well. Take sealing and waterproof measures at the joint. Then lead the sensor wire (16) to the monitoring center and connect it to the data acquisition device (15) to automatically or manually test the temperature outside the well wall. The marked location in step three is chiseled open, and a circumferential return water pipe (9) and a circumferential supply water pipe (10) are installed inside the well. Then, the circumferential return water pipe (9) is connected to the vertical return water pipe (12), and the circumferential supply water pipe (10) is connected to the vertical supply water pipe (11). The working fluid is then connected to the geothermal user through the vertical supply water pipe (11) and the vertical return water pipe (12). Step 5: Activate the heat extraction circulation and temperature feedback control; When the water pump is turned on at the geothermal user, the working fluid enters the circumferential return pipe (9) through the vertical return water pipe (12), and then is distributed into each set of vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side. The working fluid enters the anchor outlet pipe (4) through the circumferential connecting pipe (5) from the vertical hollow steel bars (6) on the return water side. The working fluid flows in the circumferential channel inside the hollow steel bar anchor (1) and flows out through the inner pipe (2) of the anchor. Then it is supplied to the geothermal user through the vertical hollow steel bars (3) on the water supply side, the circumferential water supply pipe (10), and the vertical water supply pipe (11). At the same time, temperature monitoring of the outside of the well wall begins. During the heat extraction process, the temperature behind the concrete wall will gradually decrease. Once the temperature test value is basically stable, if the stable temperature is higher than the set temperature, we will consider increasing the water flow rate and reducing the temperature of the return water pipe coming out from the user side to ensure that the temperature of the well wall concrete is within a reasonable range and to protect the long-term safety of the well wall concrete. During this process, the reverse flow of water supply and return does not affect the overall operation of the heat extraction and temperature control structure.