Fuel cell dual-channel humidifying system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-channel humidifying system and method for a fuel cell. The dual-channel humidifying system comprises an electric pile; a cathode of the electric pile is connected with an air conveying module, an anode is connected with a hydrogen conveying module, and the electric pile is further connected with a heating module; a humidifying module is connected between the air conveying module and the hydrogen conveying module, and the cathode of the galvanic pile is humidified through a first loop of the air conveying module and the humidifying module; after the cathode humidifying is finished, the humidifying module is switched to the second loop, and the anode of the electric pile is humidified by the humidifying module and the hydrogen conveying module; after the anode humidification is finished, blowing is carried out through the air conveying module, so that the electric pile is started to run; the air conveying module and the hydrogen conveying module which are independent are arranged, the first loop and the second loop are switched through the humidifying module, the cathode and the anode of the galvanic pile are humidified, the humidity of atomized liquid drops input into the galvanic pile is monitored, precise control over pre-humidifying and operation cooperative humidifying before the galvanic pile is started is achieved, and the safety of the galvanic pile is improved. And the problem of film drying or water logging is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a dual-channel humidification system and method for fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Prolonged shutdown of fuel cell systems can lead to proton exchange membrane dehydration, resulting in reduced stack power output and increased risk of membrane structure damage. Current methods involve using an air humidifier to humidify the stack during operation. However, this humidification capacity is insufficient during initial startup or high-load operation, making it difficult to quickly restore proton exchange membrane humidity. Furthermore, relying on humidity data from the output exhaust for feedback adjustment during humidification makes it difficult to control the humidity supplied to the stack, leading to discrepancies between the actual and measured humidity levels and hindering precise control of the humidification effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a dual-channel humidification system and method for fuel cells.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a dual-channel humidification system for a fuel cell, comprising: fuel cell stack; The cathode of the fuel cell stack is connected to an air delivery module, the anode is connected to a hydrogen delivery module, and the fuel cell stack is also connected to a heating module. A humidification module is connected between the air delivery module and the hydrogen delivery module, and the cathode of the fuel cell stack is humidified through the first circuit of the air delivery module and the humidification module. After the cathode humidification is completed, the humidification module switches to the second circuit to humidify the anode of the fuel cell stack together with the hydrogen delivery module; After the anode humidification is completed, the fuel cell stack is purged through the air delivery module to start operation.

[0005] As a further description of the above technical solution: the air delivery module includes an air filter, the output end of which is sequentially connected to an air compressor, a first air distribution valve, an air heat exchanger, a second air distribution valve, an air humidifier, and a third air distribution valve, and the output end of the third air distribution valve is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack; The cathode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is connected to a throttle valve, which is connected to a cathode water distributor via the air humidifier. The cathode water distributor is connected to the second air distribution valve and an electric three-way valve to output humidified exhaust gas.

[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution: a first temperature and pressure sensor is provided between the second air distribution valve and the air humidifier; a first temperature and humidity sensor is provided between the air humidifier and the third air distribution valve; a first pressure sensor and a second temperature and humidity sensor are provided between the third air distribution valve and the fuel cell stack; and a third temperature and humidity sensor and a second pressure sensor are provided between the fuel cell stack and the throttle valve.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: the hydrogen delivery module includes a hydrogen heat exchanger, the output end of which is sequentially connected to a proportional valve, a first hydrogen distribution valve, and a second hydrogen distribution valve, and the output end of the second hydrogen distribution valve is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack. The anode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is connected to the anode water distributor. One output terminal of the anode water distributor is connected to the proportional valve, and the other output terminal outputs humidified hydrogen tail gas.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: a third pressure sensor is provided before the proportional valve and the first hydrogen distribution valve, a fourth temperature and humidity sensor is provided between the first hydrogen distribution valve and the second hydrogen distribution valve, and a fourth pressure sensor and a fifth temperature and humidity sensor are provided between the second hydrogen distribution valve and the fuel cell stack.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: the heating module includes a first water pump, the fuel cell stack is connected to the input end of the first water pump, and the output end of the first water pump is connected to a heater and a radiator in parallel. The heater is connected to the fuel cell stack via a first thermostat. A filter is provided between the radiator and the first thermostat. The first thermostat is connected to the input end of the first water pump after heat exchange with the air heat exchanger and the hydrogen heat exchanger via a pipeline. A second temperature and pressure sensor is connected between the fuel cell stack and the first thermostat, and a third temperature and pressure sensor is connected between the fuel cell stack and the first water pump.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: the humidification module includes a water tank, the output end of the water tank is connected in sequence to a second water pump and a second thermostat, the first circuit and the second circuit are switched through the second thermostat, the input end of the water tank is connected to a third water pump, and the third water pump is connected to the electric three-way valve.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: the first circuit includes a first atomizing device, one side of which is connected to the first air distribution valve, and the other side of which is connected to the third air distribution valve through a first laser particle size analyzer; a first water pressure sensor is provided between the second thermostat and the first atomizing device, a fifth pressure sensor is provided between the first atomizing device and the first air distribution valve, and a sixth temperature and humidity sensor is provided between the first laser particle size analyzer and the third air distribution valve.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: the second circuit includes a second atomizing device, one side of which is connected to the first hydrogen distribution valve, and the other side is connected to the second hydrogen distribution valve through a second laser particle size analyzer; a second water pressure sensor is provided between the second thermostat and the second atomizing device, a sixth pressure sensor is provided between the second atomizing device and the first hydrogen distribution valve, and a seventh temperature and humidity sensor is provided between the second laser particle size analyzer and the second hydrogen distribution valve.

[0013] It also includes a dual-channel humidification method for fuel cells, the humidification method being applicable to the humidification system described in any of the above technical solutions, comprising: The fuel cell stack and water tank are heated to reach a preset temperature threshold. Then, the air delivery module is activated to humidify the air before it enters the fuel cell stack. The second thermostat of the humidification module is switched to the first circuit to allow the air to enter the first circuit and form air atomized droplets. The particle size and humidity data of the air atomized droplets are obtained, and it is confirmed that the first preset standard is met. The air atomized droplets are then transported to the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The monitoring data at the cathode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is obtained to check whether it meets the second preset standard. If not, the cathode humidification is maintained; if so, the air delivery module is turned off and the anode humidification is performed. Turn on the hydrogen delivery module and simultaneously control the second thermostat to switch to the second circuit, so that hydrogen enters the second circuit and forms hydrogen atomized droplets; Obtain the particle size and humidity data of the hydrogen atomized droplets, confirm that they meet the third preset standard, and then deliver the hydrogen atomized droplets to the anode of the fuel cell stack. The monitoring data at the anode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is obtained to check whether it meets the fourth preset standard. If not, the anode humidification is maintained. If so, the hydrogen delivery module and the humidification module are turned off, and the air delivery module is turned on to purge the hydrogen.

[0014] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: This application sets up independent air delivery module and hydrogen delivery module. The first loop and the second loop are switched through the humidification module. The air delivery module and the hydrogen delivery module work together to humidify the cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack respectively, and monitor the humidity of the atomized droplets input into the fuel cell stack. This achieves precise control of pre-humidification before fuel cell stack start-up and coordinated humidification during operation, avoiding membrane drying or flooding problems. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the humidification system proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the humidification method proposed in this invention.

[0017] Legend: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Air filter; 3. Air compressor; 4. First air distribution valve; 5. Air heat exchanger; 6. Second air distribution valve; 7. Air humidifier; 8. Third air distribution valve; 9. Throttle valve; 10. Cathode water separator; 11. Electric three-way valve; 12. First temperature and pressure sensor; 13. First temperature and humidity sensor; 14. First pressure sensor; 15. Second temperature and humidity sensor; 16. Third temperature and humidity sensor; 17. Second pressure sensor; 18. Hydrogen heat exchanger; 19. Proportional valve; 20. First hydrogen distribution valve; 21. Second hydrogen distribution valve; 22. Anode water separator; 23. Third pressure sensor; 24. Fourth temperature and humidity sensor; 25. Fourth pressure sensor ; 26. Fifth temperature and humidity sensor; 27. First water pump; 28. Heater; 29. ​​Radiator; 30. First thermostat; 31. Filter; 32. Second temperature and pressure sensor; 33. Third temperature and pressure sensor; 34. Water tank; 35. Second water pump; 36. Second thermostat; 37. Third water pump; 38. First atomizing device; 39. First laser particle size analyzer; 40. First water pressure sensor; 41. Fifth pressure sensor; 42. Sixth temperature and humidity sensor; 43. Second atomizing device; 44. Second laser particle size analyzer; 45. Second water pressure sensor; 46. Sixth pressure sensor; 47. Seventh temperature and humidity sensor; 48. Flow meter; 49. Fourth temperature and pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment of a dual-channel humidification system for a fuel cell, comprising: a fuel cell stack 1; the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to an air delivery module, and the anode is connected to a hydrogen delivery module; the fuel cell stack 1 is also connected to a heating module; a humidification module is connected between the air delivery module and the hydrogen delivery module, and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 is humidified through the first circuit of the air delivery module and the humidification module; after the cathode humidification is completed, the humidification module switches to the second circuit to humidify the anode of the fuel cell stack 1 together with the hydrogen delivery module; after the anode humidification is completed, the fuel cell stack 1 is started up and put into operation by purging through the air delivery module.

[0020] In this embodiment, the cathode of fuel cell stack 1 is connected to an air delivery module. The air is filtered, compressed, and humidified by the air delivery module before being delivered to the proton exchange membrane at the cathode of fuel cell stack 1 for humidification. Simultaneously, water is atomized through the first loop of the humidification module and delivered to the cathode of fuel cell stack 1 through the air, and the humidity data of the atomized droplets is obtained to monitor the humidity delivered to fuel cell stack 1. The anode proton exchange membrane of fuel cell stack 1 is humidified through a hydrogen delivery module. The humidification module is switched to the second loop to atomize water and deliver the atomized droplets to the anode of fuel cell stack 1 through hydrogen. After the anode is humidified, the fuel cell stack 1 is purged through the air delivery module to remove residual hydrogen at the anode, preventing the formation of explosive gas by mixing with air, eliminating excess liquid water in the fuel cell stack, and preventing water flooding that could lead to performance degradation after startup.

[0021] The air delivery module and hydrogen delivery module are set up independently. The first loop and the second loop are switched through the humidification module, and the humidity of the atomized droplets input into the fuel cell stack 1 is monitored. This enables precise control of pre-humidification before the fuel cell stack 1 starts up and coordinated humidification during operation, thus avoiding membrane drying or flooding problems.

[0022] The air delivery module includes an air filter 2. The output end of the air filter 2 is sequentially connected to an air compressor 3, a first air distribution valve 4, an air heat exchanger 5, a second air distribution valve 6, an air humidifier 7, and a third air distribution valve 8. The output end of the third air distribution valve 8 is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1. The cathode output end of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to a throttle valve 9. The throttle valve 9 is connected to a cathode water distributor 10 through the air humidifier 7. The cathode water distributor 10 is connected to the second air distribution valve 6 and an electric three-way valve 11 to output humidified exhaust air.

[0023] In this embodiment, the air compressor 3 compresses the air to the pressure required by the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The air filter 2 filters out dust and particulate matter in the air to prevent impurities from entering the fuel cell stack 1 and damaging the proton exchange membrane. After passing through the flow meter 48, the air enters the air compressor 3. The first air distribution valve 4 controls whether the air enters the air heat exchanger 5 directly or is diverted to the first loop of the humidification module. The air heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with the circulating liquid of the heating module to preheat the air to 60-65°C. The second air distribution valve 6 adjusts the proportion of air entering the air humidifier 7. The third air distribution valve 8 controls the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack 1. The cathode output end of the fuel cell stack is equipped with a throttle valve 9 to adjust the discharge volume of the cathode exhaust gas and balance the pressure inside the fuel cell stack 1. The cathode water separator 10 separates the liquid water in the cathode exhaust gas, recovers the water for circulation humidification, and simultaneously sends the exhaust gas to the electric three-way valve 11 for discharge.

[0024] A first temperature and pressure sensor 12 is provided between the second air distribution valve 6 and the air humidifier 7; a first temperature and humidity sensor 13 is provided between the air humidifier 7 and the third air distribution valve 8; a first pressure sensor 14 and a second temperature and humidity sensor 15 are provided between the third air distribution valve 8 and the fuel cell stack 1; and a third temperature and humidity sensor 16 and a second pressure sensor 17 are provided between the fuel cell stack 1 and the throttle valve 9.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first temperature and pressure sensor 12 monitors the temperature and pressure of the air entering the air humidifier 7 to ensure that the air before humidification meets the working requirements of the air humidifier 7. If the temperature is too low, it is fed back to the heating module to increase the temperature of the circulating liquid and perform heat exchange through the air heat exchanger 5. If there is pressure fluctuation, the speed of the air compressor 3 is adjusted. The first temperature and humidity sensor 13 detects the temperature and humidity of the air output from the air humidifier 7. The first pressure sensor 14 and the second temperature and humidity sensor 15 verify the pressure and temperature and humidity of the air entering the stack to ensure that it meets the requirements of the cathode reaction of the fuel cell stack. If the pressure is too high, it is depressurized through the second air distribution valve 6 and discharged together with the tailpipe from the output end of the cathode water distributor 10.

[0026] The hydrogen delivery module includes a hydrogen heat exchanger 18. The output end of the hydrogen heat exchanger 18 is connected in sequence to a proportional valve 19, a first hydrogen distribution valve 20, and a second hydrogen distribution valve 21. The output end of the second hydrogen distribution valve 21 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack 1. The anode output end of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to an anode water distributor 22. One side of the anode water distributor 22 is connected to the proportional valve 19, and the other side outputs humidified hydrogen tail gas.

[0027] In this embodiment, hydrogen is delivered to the hydrogen heat exchanger 18 for heat exchange with the circulating liquid of the heating module. The hydrogen flow rate is adjusted by the proportional valve 19 to adapt to the hydrogen demand of different power conditions of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the hydrogen returned by the anode water separator 22 is received to achieve recycling. The first hydrogen distribution valve 20 controls the hydrogen to directly enter the second distribution valve or to be diverted to the second loop of the humidification module. The second hydrogen distribution valve 21 controls the hydrogen pressure entering the anode of the fuel cell stack. The anode water separator 22 separates the liquid water in the tail gas output from the anode and returns the dried unreacted hydrogen to the proportional valve 19 to achieve hydrogen circulation. The non-circulating part is discharged as hydrogen tail gas.

[0028] A third pressure sensor 23 is provided before the proportional valve 19 and the first hydrogen distribution valve 20. A fourth temperature and humidity sensor 24 is provided between the first hydrogen distribution valve 20 and the second hydrogen distribution valve 21. A fourth pressure sensor 25 and a fifth temperature and humidity sensor 26 are provided between the second hydrogen distribution valve 21 and the fuel cell stack 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, the third pressure sensor 23 monitors the hydrogen pressure output by the proportional valve 19 and feeds it back to the proportional valve 19 to adjust its opening, preventing insufficient hydrogen supply or high-pressure damage to pipelines and fuel cell stack 1 due to unstable pressure. The fourth temperature and humidity sensor 24 detects the temperature and initial humidity data of the hydrogen heat exchanger 18 after preheating. The fourth pressure sensor 25 and the fifth temperature and humidity sensor 26 detect the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack, ensuring that they meet the requirements of the fuel cell stack anode reaction. When the pressure is too high, the proportional valve 19 is adjusted. When the humidity is too low or too high, the opening of the first hydrogen distribution valve 20 can be adjusted to regulate the hydrogen flow rate delivered to the second loop.

[0030] The heating module includes a first water pump 27, a fuel cell stack 1 connected to the input of the first water pump 27, and a heater 28 and a radiator 29 connected in parallel at the output of the first water pump 27. The heater 28 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a first thermostat 30. A filter 31 is provided between the radiator 29 and the first thermostat 30. The first thermostat 30 is connected to the input of the first water pump 27 after heat exchange through a pipeline air heat exchanger 5 and a hydrogen heat exchanger 18. A second temperature and pressure sensor 32 is connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the first thermostat 30, and a third temperature and pressure sensor 33 is connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the first water pump 27.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first water pump 27 drives the circulating fluid to circulate in the pipeline for heat exchange with the air heat exchanger 5 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 18. The heater 28 can be a PTC heater, which rapidly increases the temperature of the circulating fluid when humidifying the fuel cell stack 1 or starting in a low-temperature environment, preheating the fuel cell stack 1 and providing heat to the air heat exchanger 5 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 18. When the system temperature is too high, the radiator 29 is activated to reduce the temperature of the circulating fluid and prevent the fuel cell stack 1 from overheating. The first thermostat 30 dynamically switches the flow path according to the temperature of the circulating fluid to control the proportion of circulating fluid entering the air heat exchanger 5 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 18, ensuring that the air and hydrogen temperatures are stable at the preset temperature threshold after heat exchange. The filter 31 is used to filter impurities in the circulating fluid. The second temperature and pressure sensor 32 monitors the temperature and pressure data of the circulating fluid between the fuel cell stack inlet and the first thermostat 30. The third temperature and pressure sensor 33 monitors the temperature and pressure data of the circulating fluid between the fuel cell stack 1 outlet and the first water pump 27, and controls the heater 28 to heat the fuel cell stack 1.

[0032] The humidification module includes a water tank 34. The output end of the water tank 34 is connected in sequence to a second water pump 35 and a second thermostat 36. The first circuit and the second circuit are switched through the second thermostat 36. The input end of the water tank 34 is connected to a third water pump 37. The third water pump 37 is connected to an electric three-way valve 11.

[0033] In this embodiment, the water tank 34 integrates a liquid level sensor and an electric heater, which can monitor the water volume and heat the water to a preset temperature threshold. Deionized water is added to the inside of the water tank for humidification. A second water pump 35 drives the water in the water tank 34 to a second thermostat 36, which controls the switching between the first and second circuits to humidify the cathode and anode polarities of the fuel cell stack 1. An electric three-way valve 11 diverts the water-containing exhaust gas discharged from the cathode water distributor, and a third water pump 37 pumps the recovered liquid water back into the water tank 34, achieving water resource recycling.

[0034] The first circuit includes a first atomizing device 38, one side of which is connected to a first air distribution valve 4, and the other side is connected to a third air distribution valve 8 via a first laser particle size analyzer 39; a first water pressure sensor 40 is provided between a second thermostat 36 and the first atomizing device 38, a fifth pressure sensor 41 is provided between the first atomizing device 38 and the first air distribution valve 4, and a sixth temperature and humidity sensor 42 is provided between the first laser particle size analyzer 39 and the third air distribution valve 8.

[0035] In this embodiment, a fourth temperature and pressure sensor 49 is provided between the second thermostat 36 and the second water pump 35. The first atomizing device 38 can be an ultrasonic atomizer, which atomizes the water transported by the water tank into tiny droplets of 5-8μm with a humidity of 65%-75% to meet the air humidification requirements of the cathode. The first laser particle size analyzer 39 monitors the particle size of the atomized droplets in real time and adjusts the power of the first atomizing device 38 accordingly. The first water pressure sensor 40 monitors the water pressure entering the first atomizing device 38. The fifth pressure sensor 41 monitors the air pressure input to the first atomizing device 38 by the first air distribution valve 4. The sixth temperature and humidity sensor 42 detects the temperature and humidity of the atomized droplets after atomization and humidification.

[0036] The second circuit includes a second atomizing device 43, one side of which is connected to the first hydrogen distribution valve 20, and the other side is connected to the second hydrogen distribution valve 21 via a second laser particle size analyzer 44; a second water pressure sensor 45 is provided between the second thermostat 36 and the second atomizing device 43, a sixth pressure sensor 46 is provided between the second atomizing device 43 and the first hydrogen distribution valve 20, and a seventh temperature and humidity sensor 47 is provided between the second laser particle size analyzer 44 and the second hydrogen distribution valve 21.

[0037] In this embodiment, the second atomizing device 43 can be an ultrasonic atomizer, the second laser particle size analyzer 44 monitors the particle size of the atomized droplets in real time and adjusts the power of the second atomizing device 43 accordingly, the second water pressure sensor 45 monitors the water pressure entering the second atomizing device 43, the sixth pressure sensor 46 monitors the hydrogen pressure input to the second atomizing device 43 by the first hydrogen distribution valve 20, and the seventh temperature and humidity sensor 47 detects the temperature and humidity of the atomized droplets after atomization and humidification.

[0038] The droplet size of the atomized liquid is monitored in real time by a laser particle size analyzer, and the power of the ultrasonic atomizer is controlled accordingly to ensure that the droplet size remains stable within the required range. This avoids waterlogging due to excessively large droplets or evaporation failure due to excessively small droplets. At the same time, the droplet size data is combined with data from temperature and humidity sensors, and the atomization parameters are optimized through a fuzzy neural network algorithm and model predictive control (MPC) to achieve precise matching between droplet size and humidity, thereby improving humidification efficiency.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 It also includes a dual-channel humidification method for fuel cells, the humidification method being applicable to any of the humidification systems described above, including: S1. Heat the fuel cell stack and water tank until the preset temperature threshold is reached. Then, start the air delivery module to humidify the air through the air humidifier before it enters the fuel cell stack. Control the second thermostat of the humidification module to switch to the first circuit so that the air enters the first circuit and forms air atomized droplets. S2. Obtain the particle size and humidity data of the air atomized droplets, confirm that the first preset standard is met, and transport the air atomized droplets to the cathode of the fuel cell stack. S3. Obtain monitoring data from the cathode output terminal of the fuel cell stack and check whether it meets the second preset standard. If not, maintain cathode humidification; if yes, turn off the air delivery module and perform anode humidification. S4. Turn on the hydrogen delivery module and simultaneously control the second thermostat to switch to the second circuit, so that hydrogen enters the second circuit and forms hydrogen atomized droplets. S5. Obtain the particle size and humidity data of the hydrogen atomized droplets, confirm that they meet the third preset standard, and deliver the hydrogen atomized droplets to the anode of the fuel cell stack. S6. Obtain monitoring data from the anode output of the fuel cell stack and check whether it meets the fourth preset standard. If not, maintain anode humidification. If yes, turn off the hydrogen delivery module and humidification module, turn on the air delivery module, and purge the hydrogen.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fuel cell stack 1 and water tank 34 are heated simultaneously. The preset temperature threshold for preheating the fuel cell stack 1 is 62-68℃. The air delivery module is activated, and the air is processed by the air filter 2, air compressor 3, and air heat exchanger 5. After initial humidification by the air humidifier 7, the air is switched to the first loop by the second thermostat 36. The air is then atomized into droplets by the first atomizing device 38 with an atomization frequency of 1.7-2.0MHz. The droplet size data is obtained by the first laser particle size analyzer 39, and the temperature and humidity data are obtained by the sixth temperature and humidity sensor 42. Temperature data; the first preset standard is a particle size of 5-20μm, preferably 5-8μm, and a humidity of ≥70%. The air is delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 through the third air distribution valve 8. The monitoring data is obtained by the third temperature and humidity sensor 16 and the second pressure sensor 17 at the output end of the fuel cell stack cathode. The second preset standard is an outlet humidity of 80%-90% for a time interval of ≥5 minutes. The pressure is confirmed to be stable within the appropriate range. If the standard is not met, the first loop operation is maintained. If the standard is met, the air delivery module is turned off and switched to anode humidification or air humidifier 7 for humidification.

[0041] During anode humidification, the hydrogen delivery module is activated, and the hydrogen is preheated to the appropriate temperature of fuel cell stack 1 via the hydrogen heat exchanger. The second thermostat 36 is simultaneously switched to the second loop, and hydrogen atomized droplets are formed through the second atomizing device 43. The particle size and humidity data of the hydrogen atomized droplets are obtained by the second laser particle size analyzer 44 and the seventh temperature and humidity sensor 47. The third preset standard is a particle size of 5-20μm, preferably 5-8μm, and a humidity of ≥70%. The flow rate ratio of water delivery by the second thermostat 36 is 70% on the cathode side and 30% on the anode side. The hydrogen tail flow rate data at the output end of the anode water distributor 22 of fuel cell stack 1 is obtained. The fourth preset standard is a hydrogen tail humidity of 80%-90% and stable hydrogen pressure. If the standard is not met, the second loop is maintained. If the standard is met, the hydrogen delivery module and humidification module are shut down, and the air delivery module is activated to purge the residual hydrogen at the anode.

[0042] Based on the principle of water mass conservation during the humid air mixing process, the humidity of the mixed gas entering the stack is adjusted by regulating the flow rate and humidity ratio of the main path and atomization branch gas to achieve the specified value.

[0043] The relationship between the mixed humidity H and the flow rates V1, V2, and initial humidity H1 and H2 is as follows: V1H1 + V2H2 = (V1 + V2)H; Transform into V1 / V2 form: V1 / V2=(H-H2) / (H-H1); Specifically, we assume that the required air humidity for the fuel cell stack is 70%, and the air humidity in the main circuit (comprising air filter 2, flow meter 48, air compressor 3, first air distribution valve 4, air heat exchanger 5, second air distribution valve 6, air humidifier 7, first humidity sensor 13, third air distribution valve 8, first pressure sensor 14, and second pressure sensor 15) is 50%. This does not meet the required humidity for the fuel cell stack. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the branch circuit (comprising first air distribution valve 4, first atomizing device 38, first laser particle size analyzer 38, and third air distribution valve) for atomized humidification. Adjusting the humidity of the branch circuit can achieve the required humidity of 70% for the fuel cell stack, thereby achieving synergistic humidification. It should be noted that the method for adjusting the humidity of hydrogen is the same, which will not be elaborated here.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-channel humidification system for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: fuel cell stack (1); The cathode of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to an air delivery module, the anode is connected to a hydrogen delivery module, and the fuel cell stack (1) is also connected to a heating module. A humidification module is connected between the air delivery module and the hydrogen delivery module, and the cathode of the fuel cell stack (1) is humidified through the first circuit of the air delivery module and the humidification module. After the cathode humidification is completed, the humidification module switches to the second circuit and, together with the hydrogen delivery module, humidifies the anode of the fuel cell stack (1). After the anode humidification is completed, the fuel cell stack (1) is purged by the air delivery module to start operation.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air delivery module includes an air filter (2), the output end of which is connected in sequence to an air compressor (3), a first air distribution valve (4), an air heat exchanger (5), a second air distribution valve (6), an air humidifier (7), and a third air distribution valve (8), the output end of which is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack (1); The cathode output end of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the throttle valve (9), the throttle valve (9) is connected to the cathode water distributor (10) through the air humidifier (7), and the cathode water distributor (10) is connected to the second air distribution valve (6) and the electric three-way valve (11) to output humidified exhaust gas.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first temperature and pressure sensor (12) is provided between the second air distribution valve (6) and the air humidifier (7), a first temperature and humidity sensor (13) is provided between the air humidifier (7) and the third air distribution valve (8), a first pressure sensor (14) and a second temperature and humidity sensor (15) are provided between the third air distribution valve (8) and the fuel cell stack (1), and a third temperature and humidity sensor (16) and a second pressure sensor (17) are provided between the fuel cell stack (1) and the throttle valve (9).

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen delivery module includes a hydrogen heat exchanger (18), the output end of which is connected in sequence to a proportional valve (19), a first hydrogen distribution valve (20), and a second hydrogen distribution valve (21), the output end of which is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack (1). The anode output end of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the anode water distributor (22). The output end of one side of the anode water distributor (22) is connected to the proportional valve (19), and the output end of the other side outputs the humidified hydrogen tail gas.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A third pressure sensor (23) is provided before the proportional valve (19) and the first hydrogen distribution valve (20), a fourth temperature and humidity sensor (24) is provided between the first hydrogen distribution valve (20) and the second hydrogen distribution valve (21), and a fourth pressure sensor (25) and a fifth temperature and humidity sensor (26) are provided between the second hydrogen distribution valve (21) and the fuel cell stack (1).

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating module includes a first water pump (27), the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the input end of the first water pump (27), and the output end of the first water pump (27) is connected to a heater (28) and a radiator (29) in parallel. The heater (28) is connected to the fuel cell stack (1) through the first thermostat (30). A filter (31) is provided between the radiator (29) and the first thermostat (30). The first thermostat (30) is connected to the input end of the first water pump (27) after heat exchange with the air heat exchanger (5) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (18) through the pipeline. A second temperature and pressure sensor (32) is connected between the fuel cell stack (1) and the first thermostat (30), and a third temperature and pressure sensor (33) is connected between the fuel cell stack (1) and the first water pump (27).

7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The humidification module includes a water tank (34), the output end of which is connected to a second water pump (35) and a second thermostat (36) in sequence. The first circuit and the second circuit are switched through the second thermostat (36). The input end of the water tank (34) is connected to a third water pump (37), which is connected to the electric three-way valve (11).

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first circuit includes a first atomizing device (38), one side of which is connected to the first air distribution valve (4), and the other side is connected to the third air distribution valve (8) through a first laser particle size analyzer (39); a first water pressure sensor (40) is provided between the second thermostat (36) and the first atomizing device (38), a fifth pressure sensor (41) is provided between the first atomizing device (38) and the first air distribution valve (4), and a sixth temperature and humidity sensor (42) is provided between the first laser particle size analyzer (39) and the third air distribution valve (8).

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second circuit includes a second atomizing device (43), one side of which is connected to the first hydrogen distribution valve (20), and the other side is connected to the second hydrogen distribution valve (21) through a second laser particle size analyzer (44); a second water pressure sensor (45) is provided between the second thermostat (36) and the second atomizing device (43), a sixth pressure sensor (46) is provided between the second atomizing device (43) and the first hydrogen distribution valve (20), and a seventh temperature and humidity sensor (47) is provided between the second laser particle size analyzer (44) and the second hydrogen distribution valve (21).

10. A dual-channel humidification method for a fuel cell, characterized in that, The humidification method is applicable to the humidification system described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising: The fuel cell stack and water tank are heated to reach a preset temperature threshold. Then, the air delivery module is activated to humidify the air before it enters the fuel cell stack. The second thermostat of the humidification module is switched to the first circuit to allow the air to enter the first circuit and form air atomized droplets. The particle size and humidity data of the air atomized droplets are obtained, and it is confirmed that the first preset standard is met. The air atomized droplets are then transported to the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The monitoring data at the cathode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is obtained to check whether it meets the second preset standard. If not, the cathode humidification is maintained; if so, the air delivery module is turned off and the anode humidification is performed. Turn on the hydrogen delivery module and simultaneously control the second thermostat to switch to the second circuit, so that hydrogen enters the second circuit and forms hydrogen atomized droplets; Obtain the particle size and humidity data of the hydrogen atomized droplets, confirm that they meet the third preset standard, and then deliver the hydrogen atomized droplets to the anode of the fuel cell stack. The monitoring data at the anode output terminal of the fuel cell stack is obtained to check whether it meets the fourth preset standard. If not, the anode humidification is maintained. If so, the hydrogen delivery module and the humidification module are turned off, and the air delivery module is turned on to purge the hydrogen.

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