Energy storage battery vibration enhanced heat exchange device and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage battery vibration enhanced heat exchange device and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of energy storage battery heat exchange.The energy storage battery vibration enhanced heat exchange device comprises a frame, a plurality of evenly-arranged installation holes are formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the frame, elastic pipe joints are installed in the installation holes, and baffles are fixedly connected to the upper sides and the lower sides of the elastic pipe joints; a strip-shaped groove is formed in one end of the elastic pipe joint, the other end of the elastic pipe joint is connected with the mounting hole, a plurality of heat exchange pipelines are arranged in the elastic pipe joint in parallel, a plurality of pipe fins are arranged in each heat exchange pipeline, and the pipe fins warp upwards. According to the energy storage battery vibration enhanced heat exchange device and the control method thereof, accurate temperature control and system energy consumption optimization are achieved, active regulation and control of the vibration state are achieved, the temperature control accuracy of the energy storage battery is guaranteed, meanwhile, the total power consumption of a heat management system is remarkably reduced, the system response time is shortened, and the energy storage battery vibration enhanced heat exchange device is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the utilization efficiency of the phase change material is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage battery heat exchange technology, and in particular to an energy storage battery vibration-enhanced heat exchange device and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, large-scale energy storage battery systems have become an important component of the power system. Energy storage battery systems have wide applications and require long-term continuous operation (15-20 years), placing extremely high demands on thermal management systems. The optimal operating temperature range for lithium-ion energy storage batteries is 15-35℃. Existing energy storage battery thermal management systems mainly employ liquid cooling or air cooling technologies, but these suffer from high energy consumption.

[0003] Through continuous exploration in the field of heat exchange, new materials and methods have been applied. Phase change materials (PCMs), with their ability to absorb or release large amounts of latent heat during phase changes within a specific temperature range, are widely used in thermal energy storage. Therefore, combining fluid vibration with phase change heat exchange devices has become a new research and development direction. PCM technology exhibits unique advantages in energy storage cabinet applications, including no need for complex piping, simple maintenance, and high space utilization. However, existing PCM technologies suffer from slow response speed, low heat exchange efficiency, and lack of control, failing to meet the requirements of rapid charging and discharging and precise temperature control in energy storage cabinets.

[0004] An existing patent (application number: CN201610647583.6) discloses a planar folded type elastic enhanced heat exchange tube bundle and heat exchanger, which uses shell-side fluid to induce transverse vibration to enhance heat transfer. However, this device uses passive vibration but lacks precise control methods. The vibration frequency and intensity cannot be optimized and adjusted. Moreover, it does not integrate phase change material thermal buffering technology. The system structure is complex, occupies a large space, and has serious energy waste. The control mode is mostly passive response type, which cannot predict future heat load changes and optimize control parameters in advance. Instability of vibration frequency during long-term operation may lead to premature fatigue damage of the heat exchange tube bundle. Therefore, the existing technology cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of low energy consumption, high efficiency and high reliability of the energy storage cabinet thermal management system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for energy storage batteries and its control method, so as to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption in the thermal management system of energy storage cabinets in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for energy storage batteries, comprising a frame, wherein a plurality of uniformly arranged mounting holes are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the frame, and an elastic pipe joint is installed in the mounting holes. Baffles are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the elastic pipe joint. One end of the elastic pipe joint is provided with a strip groove, and the other end is connected to the mounting hole. Heat exchange pipelines are provided inside the elastic pipe joint, and multiple heat exchange pipelines are provided, which are arranged in parallel. Each heat exchange pipeline is provided with multiple tube fins, and the multiple tube fins are all curved upward.

[0007] Preferably, serpentine outer fins are vertically installed between two adjacent heat exchange pipes. There are multiple serpentine outer fins, and each of the multiple serpentine outer fins and the heat exchange pipes is filled with a phase change material, which is one of paraffin, fatty acid and hydrated salt.

[0008] Preferably, a left water chamber and a right water chamber are fixedly installed on both sides of the frame, the right water chamber has a fluid outlet, the left water chamber has a fluid inlet, a front cover plate and a rear cover plate are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the frame, and a sealing element is provided between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate and the frame.

[0009] Preferably, the vibration mechanism of the tube fins is as follows: coolant at flow rate When the fluid flows through the heat exchanger tubes, the raised tube fins experience the following dynamic pressure: in, For coolant density, This is the fin drag coefficient. The fin's frontal area is [value missing]. Under the action of fluid dynamic pressure, the fin undergoes bending vibration. The bending vibration frequency is [value missing]. With flow rate They show a positive correlation.

[0010] A control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery includes the following steps: S1. Receive control variable information and input variable information; S2. Construct an NMPC controller and establish a nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchanger. S3. Input the control variable information and state variable information into the NMPC controller, select the vibration mode according to the battery thermal load, and generate the corresponding control command; S4. Optimize the generated control commands through predictive control algorithms and switch the heat exchange mode according to the ambient temperature and battery operating status.

[0011] Preferably, the control variables in the control variable information of S1 are specifically: This is the external water pump speed control signal. This is the control signal for the opening of the flow regulating valve. This is the control signal for the heat exchange mode; The state variable information is as follows: Average temperature of energy storage battery pack The average temperature of the phase change material. This refers to the inlet temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, a nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchange device is established in S2, as follows: S21. Establish the state equations for the nonlinear dynamic model: in: This refers to the heat transfer coefficient parameter; For the heat source term coefficient; This is the heat loss coefficient; Battery heat load; is the vibration intensification coefficient of the tube fins, which is a nonlinear function of the pump speed and valve opening; Let be the latent heat function of the phase change material; For heat generation by water pumps; Ambient temperature; This refers to the coolant inlet temperature. S22. Establish the objective function and constraints of the NMPC controller.

[0013] Preferably, the NMPC controller in S22 aims to minimize temperature deviation and energy consumption: in As a weight for temperature deviation, The target value for the average temperature of the energy storage battery pack. This represents the target average temperature for the phase change material. To control energy consumption weight, For prediction in the time domain; Constraints: The control quantity constraints are as follows: ≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the water pump speed control signal and the threshold of the speed range for different vibration modes, 0≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the constraint signal for the opening of the flow regulating valve and the threshold of the opening range for different vibration modes; The state constraints are: ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the allowable operating temperature range of the energy storage battery pack. ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the effective phase change operating temperature range of the phase change material. The vibration constraint for tube fins is: vibration frequency ≤ Hz, vibration amplitude ≤ mm; The flow velocity constraint is: m / s≤ ≤ m / s, These represent the minimum and maximum allowable flow rates of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline, respectively, both of which are positive numbers.

[0014] Preferably, the specific vibration modes in S3 include enhanced vibration mode, standard vibration mode and energy-saving vibration mode.

[0015] Preferably, the optimization method in S4 includes the following steps: S41, NMPC controller every Optimization calculations are performed once per second to predict the time domain. Second, For the NMPC controller prediction time domain, the optimal control sequence is obtained by solving a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. ; The S42 and NMPC controllers use the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm to solve the optimization problem, with a computation time not exceeding [time not specified]. ms, meeting real-time control requirements. The maximum allowable time for a single optimization calculation of the NMPC controller is a positive number; S43. The NMPC controller automatically adjusts the operating mode of the phase change material based on the ambient temperature and battery status: Cooling mode Phase change materials transform from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat generated by the battery. The tube fins use vibration to enhance the efficient transfer of heat to the phase change material. The threshold for triggering the cooling mode; Heating mode , Phase change materials transform from liquid to solid, releasing latent heat to heat the battery. The vibration of the tube fins enhances the heat transfer process, ensuring the battery operates normally in low-temperature environments. This is the threshold for triggering the heating mode.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned energy storage battery vibration-enhanced heat exchange device and its control method, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Phase change materials passively exchange heat by absorbing large-capacity latent heat, which greatly reduces the demand for active cooling and eliminates the energy consumption of high-power equipment such as compressors in traditional solutions. (2) Low power vibration enhancement: The use of a low power vibration system significantly improves heat transfer efficiency, replacing the high-power fan and water pump in the traditional solution, and greatly reduces equipment energy consumption; (3) NMPC predictive energy-saving control avoids a large amount of ineffective energy consumption through predictive control, and the automatic optimization of the energy-saving mode eliminates energy waste caused by human operation. The energy consumption optimization effect in different application scenarios fully demonstrates the technical value of the present invention.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the frame structure of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a front view of the heat exchange pipeline structure of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the elastic pipe joint structure of the energy storage battery vibration enhancement heat exchange device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the outer fin structure of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tube-fin structure of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the NMPC controller of the energy storage battery vibration enhancement heat exchange device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a system composition diagram of a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a control flowchart of the NMPC controller of the present invention; Figure Labels 1. Fluid inlet; 2. Frame; 3. Rear cover plate; 4. Right water chamber; 5. Fluid outlet; 6. Front cover plate; 7. Left water chamber; 8. Flexible pipe joint; 9. Heat exchange piping; 10. Mounting hole; 11. External fins; 12. Tube fins. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0021] Example Please see Figures 1-6 A vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery includes a frame 2. The inner wall of the frame 2 has several evenly arranged mounting holes 10 on both sides. An elastic pipe joint 8 is detachably installed within each mounting hole 10. Baffles are fixedly connected to both the upper and lower sides of the elastic pipe joint 8. One end of the elastic pipe joint has a slotted groove, and the other end is inserted into the mounting hole. The elastic pipe joint 8 is made of a high-toughness material, and a through groove is formed on its wall surface, allowing the heat exchange pipeline to undergo elastic deformation during fluid vibration. Multiple parallel arrays of heat exchange pipelines 9 are installed within the elastic pipe joint 8. Each heat exchange pipeline 9 contains multiple upward-curving fins 12, all pointing in the same direction. When the coolant flows within the heat exchange pipeline 9, it can cause the fins 12 to vibrate. The cross-sectional shape of the heat exchange pipeline 9 is not specifically limited and can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0022] A serpentine outer fin 11 is vertically installed between two adjacent heat exchange pipes 9. Multiple serpentine outer fins 11 form a regular fin array. The gap between the serpentine outer fins 11 and the outer wall of the heat exchange pipe 9 is filled with phase change material. When the fins inside the pipe vibrate, the vibration energy is transferred to the outer fins 11 through the pipe wall of the heat exchange pipe 9, causing the entire fin array to produce coordinated micro-amplitude vibration, which is used to enhance the heat exchange effect between the outer fins 11 and the phase change material.

[0023] The phase change material fills the gaps between the outer fins 11, making full contact with the surface of the outer fins 11. Passive temperature regulation is achieved through the absorption of large-capacity latent heat. The vibration of the outer fins 11 promotes micro-convection inside the phase change material, accelerating the phase change process. For the technical solution of this embodiment, the phase change material is set as paraffin, fatty acid, or hydrated salt. Paraffin phase change materials mainly include straight-chain alkanes such as n-octadecane and n-hexadecane; fatty acid phase change materials include lauric acid and stearic acid; hydrated salt phase change materials include sodium sulfate decahydrate and ammonium nitrate hydrate. This embodiment does not specifically limit the type of phase change material and can select it according to actual needs.

[0024] Furthermore, the tube fins 12 employ a special geometric design to form an active disturbance structure for the coolant flow. The tube fins 12 generate controllable vibrations under the impact of coolant at different flow velocities. The vibration frequency and amplitude precisely change with the flow velocity, enhancing heat transfer within the tube through passive vibration. The vibration mechanism of the tube fins 12 is as follows: When the coolant flows through the heat exchange pipe 9 at a certain velocity, the raised fins 12 experience the following fluid dynamic pressure: in, For coolant density, This is the fin drag coefficient. The fin's frontal area is [value missing]. Under the action of fluid dynamic pressure, the fin undergoes bending vibration. The bending vibration frequency is [value missing]. With flow rate They show a positive correlation.

[0025] The heat exchange device also includes a right water chamber 4 and a left water chamber 7 fixedly installed on both sides of the frame 2. The left water chamber 7 has a fluid inlet 1 and the right water chamber 4 has a fluid outlet 5, which are used to provide coolant circulation for the heat exchange pipeline 9.

[0026] A front cover plate 6 and a rear cover plate 3 are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the frame 2, and a sealing element is provided between the front cover plate 6 and the rear cover plate 3 and the frame 2.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the coolant circulates through the left and right water chambers 4 in the heat exchange pipe 9. The frame 2 provides structural support for the entire device, and the front cover plate 6 and the rear cover plate 3 seal the internal space.

[0028] The heat exchange pipe 9 is the core component that generates the vibration enhancement effect. Each pipe has specially designed raised tube fins 12 inside, such as... Figure 6As shown, these tube fins 12 are not installed flat, but rather tilted upwards towards the inner cavity of the pipe, forming an active obstruction and disturbance structure for fluid flow. When the coolant flows through the pipe, the tilted tube fins 12 will generate periodic vibration and oscillation under the action of fluid dynamic pressure. According to the principles of fluid mechanics, the higher the flow velocity, the greater the fluid impact force on the tube fins 12, and the corresponding increase in the vibration amplitude and frequency. This passive vibration mechanism does not require external power drive and relies entirely on fluid energy to excite, thereby avoiding additional energy consumption. The vibration of the tilted tube fins 12 not only enhances the convective heat transfer inside the pipe, but also transmits the vibration to the outer fins 11 through the pipe wall, realizing the coordinated vibration enhancement of the inner and outer fins.

[0029] like Figure 5-9 As shown, the outer fins 11 are vertically installed between adjacent heat exchange pipes 9 to form regular fin channels. The phase change material is filled in the gaps between the outer fins 11 and is in full contact with the fin surface. When the tube fins 12 vibrate, the vibration energy is transferred to the outer fins 11 through the tube wall of the heat exchange pipe 9, causing the entire fin array to vibrate slightly. This vibration promotes micro-convection inside the phase change material and accelerates the phase change process. The working principle of phase change materials is as follows: Cooling mode: When the energy storage battery heats up, the battery heat is transferred to the phase change material through the outer fins, causing the PCM to change from solid to liquid, absorbing a large amount of latent heat, effectively maintaining the battery temperature stability. The vibration of the outer fins accelerates the heat transfer process at the solid-liquid phase change interface. Heating mode: When the ambient temperature is low, the phase change material changes from liquid to solid, releasing latent heat to heat the battery and prevent the low temperature from affecting the battery performance. Vibration enhancement enables the phase change material to release heat more quickly, improving low temperature start-up performance.

[0030] The heat exchange device of this invention achieves precise control of the vibration state of the tube fins. While ensuring the temperature control accuracy required by the energy storage battery, it significantly reduces the total power consumption of the thermal management system and the energy consumption of the water pump compared with the traditional liquid cooling solution, greatly shortens the system response time, and effectively improves the utilization efficiency of phase change materials.

[0031] A control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery includes the following steps: S1, Receive control variable information and input variable information.

[0032] Definition of control variables: The external water pump speed control signal changes the overall circulation flow of the system by adjusting the water pump speed, and is the main control variable affecting the vibration intensity of the tube fins.

[0033] This is a flow control signal for the flow regulating valve opening, used to fine-tune the local flow velocity based on a fixed pump speed, thereby achieving precise control of the tube fin vibration parameters. This is a heat exchange mode control signal, a digital control signal. 0 indicates that the phase change material is in heat absorption and cooling mode, and 1 indicates that the phase change material is in heat release and heating mode. It automatically switches according to the charging and discharging state of the energy storage battery and the ambient temperature. State variable definition: The average temperature of the energy storage battery pack, in °C, reflects the temperature state of the controlled object and is the core feedback signal of the NMPC controller, which is directly related to the performance and safety of the battery. The average temperature of the phase change material is expressed in °C. This variable reflects the working status of the phase change heat transfer module. The average temperature of the phase change material is measured at different locations by multi-point temperature sensors and the average value is calculated. The inlet temperature of the heat exchange pipeline is in °C. This variable reflects the initial temperature state of the coolant and affects the heat exchange drive temperature difference and the vibration effect of the tube fins. Output variable definition: The average temperature measurement value of the energy storage battery pack corresponds to the state variable x1(t); The average temperature measurement value of the phase change material, and the state variable. correspond; The measured value of the coolant temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the state variable. correspond; S2. Construct the NMPC controller, specifically by establishing a nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchange device.

[0034] The nonlinear dynamic model established by the NMPC controller is as follows: Equations of state: in: , , This refers to the heat transfer coefficient parameter; , , For the heat source term coefficient; , This is the heat loss coefficient; Battery heat load; is the vibration intensification coefficient of the tube fins, which is a nonlinear function of the pump speed and valve opening; Let be the latent heat function of the phase change material; For heat generation by water pumps; Ambient temperature; This refers to the coolant inlet temperature.

[0035] Fin vibration enhancement function: in: The flow velocity at the tube fins; The frequency of the tube fin vibration. , It is the vibration strengthening coefficient; Objective function: The NMPC controller aims to minimize temperature deviation and energy consumption. in ， As a weight for temperature deviation, The target value for the average temperature of the energy storage battery pack. This represents the target average temperature for the phase change material. , To control energy consumption weight, For prediction in the time domain; Constraints: Control constraints: ≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the water pump speed control signal and the threshold of the speed range for different vibration modes, 0≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the constraint signal for the opening of the flow regulating valve and the threshold of the opening range for different vibration modes; State constraints: ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the allowable operating temperature range of the energy storage battery pack. ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the effective phase change operating temperature range of the phase change material. Fin vibration constraint: Vibration frequency ≤ Hz, The maximum vibration frequency, vibration amplitude ≤ mm (to prevent fatigue damage), This represents the maximum vibration amplitude. Flow velocity constraints: m / s≤ v ≤ m / s (to ensure the normal vibration range of the tube fins). These represent the minimum and maximum allowable flow rates of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline, respectively, both of which are positive numbers.

[0036] S3. Input the control variable information and state variable information into the NMPC controller, then select the vibration mode according to the battery thermal load, and generate the corresponding control command.

[0037] The specific vibration modes are as follows: Enhanced vibration mode: when battery thermal load > At that time, the controller is set , This allows the coolant flow rate to reach The excitation tube fins generate strong vibrations, with a vibration frequency reaching [frequency value missing]. Hz, rapidly reduces battery temperature. For the rated thermal load of the energy storage battery pack, , , This is the ratio threshold between the real-time heat load and the rated heat load of the battery, a dimensionless positive number. Standard vibration mode: when ≤ ≤ At that time, the controller is set , This allows the coolant flow rate to reach The excitation tube fins generate moderate intensity vibrations with a vibration frequency of Hz, balancing heat exchange efficiency and energy consumption; Energy-saving vibration mode: When < At that time, the controller is set , This allows the coolant flow rate to reach The excitation tube fins generate micro-amplitude vibrations, with a vibration frequency of Hz, to maximize energy saving.

[0038] The upper limit of the pump speed control signal and the threshold values ​​for different vibration modes' speed ranges are constrained by positive numbers. ; The upper limit of the control signal for the flow regulating valve opening and the threshold values ​​for the opening range under different vibration modes are defined. , , , These represent the target flow rate ranges of the coolant under three vibration modes. ; , , These represent the target vibration frequency ranges of the tube fins under three vibration modes. .

[0039] S4. Optimize the generated control commands through predictive control algorithms and switch the heat exchange mode according to the ambient temperature and battery operating status.

[0040] NMPC controller every Optimization calculations are performed once per second to predict the time domain. Second, For the NMPC controller prediction time domain, the optimal control sequence is obtained by solving a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. This enables proactive response to future changes in battery thermal load. The controller employs a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm to solve the optimization problem, with a computation time ≤ ms, meeting real-time control requirements. The maximum allowable time for a single optimization calculation of the NMPC controller is a positive number.

[0041] Heat exchange mode switching: The NMPC controller automatically adjusts the operating mode of the phase change material based on the ambient temperature and battery operating status. Cooling mode :when Phase change materials transform from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat generated by the battery. The tube fins use vibration to enhance the efficient transfer of heat to the phase change material. The cooling mode trigger threshold is when the ambient temperature is > At that time, the phase change material absorbs heat and cools down; Heating mode :when Phase change materials transform from liquid to solid, releasing latent heat to heat the battery. The vibration of the tube fins enhances the heat transfer process, ensuring the battery operates normally in low-temperature environments. The heating mode trigger threshold is set when the ambient temperature is < When the phase change material is heated, it releases heat.

[0042] In summary, the NMPC controller achieves energy-saving optimization through the following predictive control process: First, the controller collects state variables in real time, such as the average temperature of the energy storage battery, the temperature of the phase change material, and the inlet coolant temperature, while simultaneously acquiring disturbance information such as battery charging and discharging power and ambient temperature. Then, based on the established nonlinear dynamic model, it predicts the future trend of system state changes in the time domain, comprehensively considering the battery's heat load variation and the heat capacity characteristics of the phase change material. Next, the controller solves a constrained nonlinear optimization problem in the prediction time domain, aiming to minimize temperature deviation and control energy consumption, generating the optimal control sequence for pump speed and flow regulating valve opening. Subsequently, the controller issues the optimized control commands to the actuators to adjust the coolant flow rate to control the vibration state of the tube fins. Finally, the controller performs feedback correction based on the deviation between the actual system response and the prediction results, updates the model parameters, and prepares for the next control cycle. Through this rolling optimization predictive control process, the NMPC controller can respond to heat load changes in advance, rationally allocate the workload of vibration intensification and phase change material, avoid over-control and energy waste, and achieve energy-saving operation of the system.

[0043] A control system for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery, the system adopting a hierarchical control architecture, including an equipment layer, a control layer, and an optimization layer: The equipment layer includes an external variable frequency water pump, flow control valves, and various sensors. The external variable frequency water pump is motor-driven, which reduces power consumption during low-speed operation. The flow control valves use electric actuators. The core of the control layer is the NMPC controller, which meets the real-time optimization calculation requirements. The controller performs one optimization calculation per second, with a prediction time domain of 60 seconds and a control time domain of 10 seconds. The optimization layer implements advanced optimization functions, including parameter adaptation, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation. The nonlinear dynamic model established by the controller fully considers the vibration characteristics of the warped tube fins. The vibration strengthening function in the equation of state is an empirical model based on a large amount of experimental data.

[0044] The controller's optimization algorithm employs the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method. To improve computational efficiency, a warm-start strategy is used, utilizing the optimal solution from the previous time step as the initial value for the current optimization.

[0045] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned vibration-enhanced heat exchange device and control method for energy storage batteries. By utilizing the large-capacity latent heat absorption through passive heat exchange of variable materials, it significantly reduces the need for active cooling and eliminates the energy consumption of high-power devices such as compressors in traditional solutions. The low-power vibration enhancement utilizes a micro-power vibration system to significantly improve heat transfer efficiency, replacing high-power fans and water pumps in traditional solutions and achieving a substantial reduction in equipment energy consumption. NMPC predictive energy-saving control avoids a large amount of ineffective energy consumption through predictive control, and automatic optimization of the energy-saving mode eliminates energy waste caused by manual operation. The energy consumption optimization effects in different application scenarios fully demonstrate the technical value of this invention.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery, characterized in that: The device includes a frame, on both sides of the inner wall of which are provided several evenly arranged mounting holes. Flexible pipe joints are installed in the mounting holes. Baffles are fixedly connected to both the upper and lower sides of the flexible pipe joint. One end of the flexible pipe joint has a strip-shaped groove, and the other end is connected to the mounting hole. Multiple heat exchange pipes are provided inside the flexible pipe joint, arranged in parallel. Each heat exchange pipe contains multiple tube fins, all of which are curved upwards.

2. The energy storage battery vibration-enhanced heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A serpentine outer fin is vertically installed between two adjacent heat exchange pipes. There are multiple serpentine outer fins, and each of the multiple serpentine outer fins and the heat exchange pipes is filled with a phase change material, which is one of paraffin, fatty acid and hydrated salt.

3. The energy storage battery vibration-enhanced heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A left water chamber and a right water chamber are fixedly installed on both sides of the frame, respectively. The right water chamber has a fluid outlet, and the left water chamber has a fluid inlet. A front cover plate and a rear cover plate are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the frame, and a sealing element is provided between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate and the frame.

4. The energy storage battery vibration-enhanced heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration mechanism of the tube fins is as follows: coolant at flow rate When the fluid flows through the heat exchanger tubes, the raised tube fins experience the following dynamic pressure: in, For coolant density, This is the fin drag coefficient. The fin's frontal area is [value missing]. Under the action of fluid dynamic pressure, the fin undergoes bending vibration. The bending vibration frequency is [value missing]. With flow rate They show a positive correlation.

5. A control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery, using the vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Receive control variable information and input variable information; S2. Construct an NMPC controller and establish a nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchanger. S3. Input the control variable information and state variable information into the NMPC controller, select the vibration mode according to the battery thermal load, and generate the corresponding control command; S4. Optimize the generated control commands through predictive control algorithms and switch the heat exchange mode according to the ambient temperature and battery operating status.

6. The control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control variables in the control variable information in S1 are specifically: This is the external water pump speed control signal. This is the control signal for the opening degree of the flow regulating valve. This is the control signal for the heat exchange mode; The state variable information is as follows: Average temperature of energy storage battery pack The average temperature of the phase change material. This refers to the inlet temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline.

7. The control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S2, a nonlinear dynamic model of the heat exchanger is established, as follows: S21. Establish the state equations for the nonlinear dynamic model: in: This refers to the heat transfer coefficient parameter; For the heat source term coefficient; This is the heat loss coefficient; Battery heat load; is the vibration intensification coefficient of the tube fins, which is a nonlinear function of the pump speed and valve opening; Let be the latent heat function of the phase change material; For heat generation by water pumps; Ambient temperature; This refers to the coolant inlet temperature. S22. Establish the objective function and constraints of the NMPC controller.

8. The control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The NMPC controller in S22 aims to minimize temperature deviation and energy consumption. in As a weight for temperature deviation, The target value for the average temperature of the energy storage battery pack. This represents the target average temperature for the phase change material. To control energy consumption weight, For prediction in the time domain; Constraints: The control quantity constraints are as follows: ≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the water pump speed control signal and the threshold of the speed range for different vibration modes, 0≤ ≤ , >0, The upper limit of the constraint signal for the opening of the flow regulating valve and the threshold of the opening range for different vibration modes; The state constraints are: ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the allowable operating temperature range of the energy storage battery pack. ℃≤ ≤ ℃, , This refers to the effective phase change operating temperature range of the phase change material. The vibration constraint for tube fins is: vibration frequency ≤ Hz, The maximum vibration frequency is ≤ 100 Hz. mm, This represents the maximum vibration amplitude. The flow velocity constraint is: m / s≤ ≤ m / s, These represent the minimum and maximum allowable flow rates of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline, respectively, both of which are positive numbers.

9. The control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific vibration modes in S3 include enhanced vibration mode, standard vibration mode, and energy-saving vibration mode.

10. The control method for a vibration-enhanced heat exchange device for an energy storage battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The optimization method in S4 includes the following steps: S41, NMPC controller every Optimization calculations are performed once per second to predict the time domain. Second, For the NMPC controller prediction time domain, the optimal control sequence is obtained by solving a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. ; The S42 and NMPC controllers use the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm to solve the optimization problem, with a computation time not exceeding [time not specified]. ms, meeting real-time control requirements. The maximum allowable time for a single optimization calculation of the NMPC controller is a positive number; S43. The NMPC controller automatically adjusts the operating mode of the phase change material based on the ambient temperature and battery status: Cooling mode Phase change materials transform from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat generated by the battery. The tube fins use vibration to enhance the efficient transfer of heat to the phase change material. The threshold for triggering the cooling mode; Heating mode , Phase change materials transform from liquid to solid, releasing latent heat to heat the battery. The vibration of the tube fins enhances the heat transfer process, ensuring the battery operates normally in low-temperature environments. This is the threshold for triggering the heating mode.

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