Antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and communication equipment, relates to the technical field of communication, and aims to solve the problems of complex antenna structure and poor performance. The antenna provided by the invention comprises an antenna housing and at least one radiation structure, the radiation structure is used for radiating electromagnetic waves, the antenna housing comprises a housing body and at least one resonance structure, the at least one resonance structure is arranged in the housing body, and the antenna comprises at least one pair of resonance structure and radiation structure which are coupled with each other. In the resonance structure and the radiation structure which are coupled with each other, the radiation structure is used for exciting the resonance structure to generate secondary radiation. In the antenna provided by the invention, the cover body in the antenna cover can play an effective role in protecting devices such as a radiation structure in the antenna so as to ensure the structural safety and the working stability of the antenna; besides, the resonant structure can radiate electromagnetic waves outwards, so that the antenna housing has the functions of protecting and radiating the electromagnetic waves at the same time, the functionality of the antenna housing can be effectively improved, and the flat design and the working performance of the antenna can be optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly to an antenna and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In communication equipment, antennas are configured to transmit wireless signals and provide effective wireless network coverage. An antenna can include a radome and components such as radiators and feed networks located within it. The radome effectively protects the radiators and feed networks. Radomes are typically made of insulating materials to effectively transmit electromagnetic waves. However, in current antennas, the radome's function is relatively limited, primarily protecting the radiators and feed networks. Furthermore, a certain distance must be maintained between the radome and the radiator to ensure the antenna's radiation performance. However, this increases the antenna's profile height, hindering the achievement of a thinner and lighter design. Additionally, electromagnetic waves experience varying degrees of reflection or loss when passing through the radome, negatively impacting the antenna's operational performance.

[0003] Therefore, optimizing the structure and performance of antennas has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna and communication device with a compact structure and good operating performance.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides an antenna, including a radome and at least one radiating structure. The radiating structure radiates electromagnetic waves, and the radome includes a housing and at least one resonant structure disposed within the housing. The antenna includes at least one pair of mutually coupled resonant and radiating structures. In the coupled resonant and radiating structures, the radiating structure excites the resonant structure to generate secondary radiation. In the example provided in this application, the radome integrates the housing and the resonant structure. The housing effectively protects the radiating structure, feed network, and other components within the antenna, ensuring the antenna's structural safety and operational stability. Furthermore, the resonant structure radiates electromagnetic waves outwards, giving the radome both protection and electromagnetic wave radiation functions, effectively enhancing the radome's functionality and facilitating optimized antenna flattening design and performance.

[0006] In one example, the number of resonant structures and radiating structures are the same, and the resonant structures and radiating structures are coupled in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of resonant structures and radiating structures can be multiple or a single.

[0007] Furthermore, in some examples, the number of resonant structures and radiating structures can be different. Alternatively, some radiating structures may not be equipped with corresponding coupled resonant structures, providing good configuration flexibility.

[0008] In one example, the enclosure includes a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other, with the first surface facing the radiating structure. The resonant structure is located on either the first surface or the second surface, or between the first and second surfaces. That is, the resonant structure can be located on the surface of the enclosure, or it can be located inside the enclosure, providing good positional flexibility and applicability.

[0009] In one example, the radome further includes a shielding structure located on the first surface and extending toward the radiating structure. The antenna comprises multiple resonant structures, with the shielding structure positioned between adjacent resonant structures. By configuring the shielding structure, the isolation between adjacent resonant structures can be improved, thereby facilitating improvements in antenna performance.

[0010] In one example, the radome further includes a shielding structure located on the first surface and extending toward the radiating structure. The number of shielding structures is the same as the number of resonant structures, and each resonant structure is surrounded by a shielding structure.

[0011] In summary, in specific setups, the shielding structure can be located between the two resonant structures. Alternatively, a shielding structure can be installed around the perimeter of the resonant structures.

[0012] In one example, the shield includes protrusions extending in the direction of the radiating structure. At least a portion of the surface of the protrusion has a conductive layer, which constitutes the shielding structure. The protrusions can be fabricated simultaneously with the shield, offering good manufacturing convenience.

[0013] In one example, the radome also includes a conductor fixedly connected to the radome body. The conductor constitutes a shielding structure. That is, the shielding structure can be an independent conductive element, which can be connected to the radome body in various different ways.

[0014] In one example, the antenna further includes a substrate and a feed network. The substrate includes a third and a fourth surface facing away from each other, with the third surface facing the first surface of the enclosure. Multiple radiating structures are disposed on the third surface, and the feed network is disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the multiple radiating structures. The substrate can provide effective mounting positions for the radiating structures, thereby improving the positional accuracy between the multiple radiating structures. Additionally, in some examples, the substrate can also provide signal transmission lines. Alternatively, devices such as filters can also be mounted on the substrate.

[0015] In one example, the cover is fixedly connected to the substrate to improve the connection stability between the cover and the substrate.

[0016] In one example, there is a gap between the shielding structure and the substrate. That is, the shielding structure and the substrate do not need to contact each other to avoid positional interference between them.

[0017] In one example, the shielding structure is fixedly connected to the substrate. Alternatively, it can be understood that the radome and the substrate can be fixedly connected through the shielding structure, so that the shielding structure not only provides electromagnetic isolation but also serves as a mechanical connection.

[0018] In one example, the shielding structure is connected to the grounding structure in the power grid to improve the shielding effect of the shielding structure.

[0019] In one example, the antenna also includes a base shell, which, together with the radome, forms a cavity, and the radiating structure is located within the cavity. The base shell and the radome can be directly fixedly connected. Alternatively, the base shell and the radome can also be fixedly connected via a substrate or other structure.

[0020] In one example, the radiating structure includes at least one of an oscillator or a radiating slot. When there are multiple radiating structures, they can include different types of radiating structures. Alternatively, all radiating structures can be of the same type.

[0021] In one example, at least one resonant structure has multiple resonant modes to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0022] Secondly, this application also provides a communication device, including a radio frequency (RF) circuit and any of the aforementioned antennas, wherein the RF circuit is connected to a radiating structure. The RF circuit can transmit RF signals to the radiating structure, thereby causing the radiating structure to radiate electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, electromagnetic waves received by the radiating structure from the outside can also be transmitted to the RF circuit, thereby realizing the wireless transmission capability of the communication device. Specifically, the communication device can be a base station, vehicle, drone, radar, etc., and this application does not limit the specific type of communication device. By configuring the aforementioned antenna in the communication device, the structure of the communication device becomes more compact, and it has better signal transmission and reception performance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 A simplified structural diagram of a base station provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 A simplified structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4A cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an antenna with a perspective effect provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 A cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 An S11 simulation diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 8 An axial ratio diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 9 An antenna radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna radome provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 11 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 12 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 13 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 14 A simulation diagram of the isolation of an antenna provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of another radome provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 16 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another radome provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of another planar structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 18 A simulation diagram of the isolation of an antenna provided for an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, its application scenarios will be introduced first below.

[0043] The antenna provided in this application can be used in base stations or satellites. Alternatively, the antenna can also be used in terminal devices such as vehicles, drones, and radar. The antenna can be used to realize wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, wireless signal transmission between a base station and a satellite, or wireless signal transmission between a base station or satellite and a terminal device. In summary, the antenna provided in this application can be used in a variety of communication devices with wireless signal transmission requirements.

[0044] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application scenario can include base stations and terminal devices. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal device. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of radio signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station may be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0045] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in one example, antenna 01 may include an radome 011 and a reflector 012 and a feed network 013 located within the radome 011, wherein the reflector 012 may also be referred to as a base plate. The main function of the feed network 013 is to feed the signal to the radiator 014 with a certain amplitude and phase, or to transmit the wireless signal received by the radiator 014 to the baseband processing unit 20 of the base station with a certain amplitude and phase. It is understood that, in specific implementations, the feed network 013 may include at least one of the following devices: a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, or a filter. This application does not limit the components, type, or functions that the feed network 013 can achieve.

[0046] The radiator 014, also known as an element or radiating unit, is the basic structural component of an antenna, effectively transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. In practical applications, the radiator 014 can be categorized into single-stage, dual-polarized, and circularly polarized types. The type of radiator 014 can be appropriately selected based on actual requirements during configuration.

[0047] Regarding the radome 011, in terms of electrical performance, the radome 011 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, thus not significantly affecting the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the vibrator 014 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical performance, the radome 011 has good stress resistance and oxidation resistance, thus being able to withstand the corrosion of harsh external environments.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, in one current example, a certain distance h needs to be maintained between the radome 011 and the radiator 014. This distance h is generally an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiator 014 when propagating in air. However, this increases the cross-sectional height of the antenna 01, which is not conducive to achieving a thinner and lighter design for the antenna 01. In addition, electromagnetic waves will also experience varying degrees of reflection or loss when passing through the radome 011. When the thickness of the radome 011 is large, the loss of electromagnetic waves by the radome 011 will also increase, which is not conducive to ensuring the performance of the antenna 01.

[0049] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide an antenna with a compact structure and good operating performance.

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes an radome 11, an antenna assembly (not shown in the figure), and a base shell 15. The radome 11 and the base shell 15 together enclose a space for accommodating the antenna assembly, thereby providing effective protection for the antenna assembly. In one example, the radome 111 and the base shell 15 can be fixedly connected by means of adhesive bonding, welding, or other methods. Alternatively, the radome 111 and the base shell 15 can also be fixedly connected by screws, rivets, or other connectors.

[0052] In one example, the antenna assembly can be fixedly connected to the base housing 15. Alternatively, the antenna assembly can be fixedly connected to the radome 11. Or, the radome 11 and the base housing 15 can be fixedly connected via the antenna assembly. In specific configurations, the connection method between the antenna assembly, the radome 11, and the base housing 15 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs.

[0053] In this context, "antenna assembly" refers to the devices within antenna 10 used for wireless signal radiation and reception. Alternatively, in some examples, the antenna assembly may also include devices such as radio frequency circuits, signal transmission lines, or feed networks. In general, "antenna assembly" is the collective term for the devices within antenna 10 used for wireless signal radiation and reception. Alternatively, the antenna assembly may also possess functions such as signal calculation, conversion, processing, and transmission.

[0054] In the example provided in this application, antenna 10 includes multiple radiating structures. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The diagram shows two radiating structures, namely radiating structure 12a and radiating structure 12b. Both radiating structures 12a and 12b can radiate electromagnetic waves outward. The radome 11 includes a cover 111 and multiple resonant structures. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The diagram shows two resonant structures, namely resonant structure 112a and resonant structure 112b.

[0055] It should be noted that in some examples, the number of radiating structures can be one, two, or more. Similarly, the number of resonant structures can also be one, two, or more; the number of resonant and radiating structures can be flexibly selected and adjusted according to actual needs. Furthermore, the number of radiating and resonant structures can be the same or different, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0056] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the following example will first illustrate the concept of antenna 10 including two radiating structures and two resonant structures.

[0057] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, radiating structure 12a is coupled to resonant structure 112a, and radiating structure 12b is coupled to resonant structure 112b. The electromagnetic waves radiated by radiating structure 12a induce a current in resonant structure 112a, causing resonant structure 112a to radiate electromagnetic waves outward. That is, radiating structure 12a is coupled to resonant structure 112a, and radiating structure 12a is used to excite resonant structure 112a to generate secondary radiation. Correspondingly, the electromagnetic waves radiated by radiating structure 12b induce a current in resonant structure 112b, causing resonant structure 112b to radiate electromagnetic waves outward. That is, radiating structure 12b is coupled to resonant structure 112b, and radiating structure 12b is used to excite resonant structure 112b to generate secondary radiation. Furthermore, air is the dielectric between radiating structure 12a and resonant structure 112a. Air has a low dielectric constant; therefore, the electromagnetic waves generated by radiating structure 12a experience lower losses during propagation to resonant structure 112a, which helps ensure the radiation performance of antenna 10. Correspondingly, the space between the radiating structure 12b and the resonant structure 112b is air, which helps to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna 10. It should be noted that even without the radome 11, the radiating structures 12a and 12b can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves, thereby enabling the transmission and reception of wireless signals.

[0058] In addition, resonant structures 112a and 112b generate heat during operation. Since both resonant structures 112a and 112b are located in the cover 111, the heat generated by the resonant structures 112a and 112b can be effectively transferred to the cover 111 for dissipation. This allows the cover 111 to effectively dissipate heat from the resonant structures 112a and 112b, reducing the reliance of the entire antenna 10 on heat dissipation structures or additional heat sinks, and helping to achieve a thinner and lighter design for the antenna 10.

[0059] In the example provided in this application, the radome 11 integrates a cover 111 and a resonant structure. The cover 111 effectively protects the radiating structure, feed network 14, and other components in the antenna 10, ensuring the structural safety and operational stability of the antenna 10. Furthermore, the resonant structure radiates electromagnetic waves, giving the radome 11 both protective and electromagnetic wave radiating functions. This effectively enhances the functionality of the radome 11 and also facilitates the optimization of the antenna 10's flattened design and operational performance.

[0060] For example, in Figure 4 In the example provided, in order to reduce the influence of the radome 011 on electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to ensure that a certain distance h is maintained between the radome 011 and the radiator 014. This distance h is generally an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiator 014 when they propagate in the air.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown in one example provided in this application, since both resonant structures 112a and 112b are disposed on the cover 111, and the resonant structures 112a and 112b are used to radiate electromagnetic waves outward, the distance h1 between the cover 111 (or radome 11) and the radiating structures 12a and 12b can be effectively shortened. For example, the distance h1 between the cover 111 and the radiating structures 12a and 12b can be less than an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating structures 12a and 12b when propagating in air. Therefore, it helps to reduce the profile height of the antenna 10 and facilitates the flattening design of the antenna 10.

[0062] Additionally, it should be noted that, in one example, the distance between the radiating structure 12a and the resonant structure 112a, as well as the distance between the radiating structure 12b and the resonant structure 112b, can be reasonably set according to actual needs, so that the resonant structure 112a can be effectively coupled with the radiating structure 12a, and the resonant structure 112b can be effectively coupled with the radiating structure 12b. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the distance between the coupled radiating structure and the resonant structure.

[0063] Furthermore, by configuring a resonant structure, the return loss of antenna 10 can be effectively reduced and its bandwidth increased. For example, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating structure 12a have lower losses during propagation to the resonant structure 112a, thus helping to increase the bandwidth of antenna 10. Alternatively, the resonant structure 112a can have multiple resonant frequencies or multiple resonant modes, enabling it to operate in multiple different frequency bands, which is beneficial for improving the signal transmission and reception performance of antenna 10, such as bandwidth.

[0064] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an S11 parameter diagram of antenna 10 is also provided. Figure 7 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB. Figure 7 The curve in the middle represents the return loss of antenna 10 as a function of frequency. From Figure 7 As can be seen, after using the radome 11, the performance of the antenna 10 can meet the design requirements. For example, the antenna 10 can cover the frequency band of 17.7GHz to 20.2GHz, and the echo bandwidth S11 ≤ -10dB.

[0065] In addition, such as Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an aspect ratio diagram of antenna 10 is also provided. Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the aspect ratio. Figure 8The curve in the figure represents the axial ratio of antenna 10 as a function of frequency. From... Figure 8 It can be clearly seen that after using radome 11, the axial ratio performance of antenna 10 is... Figure 7 The echo bandwidth shown is consistent, and the axial ratio performance meets the usage requirements.

[0066] In addition, such as Figure 9 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the radiation pattern of antenna 10 is also provided. Figure 9 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents angle, and the vertical axis represents frequency. It should be noted that, for clarity, [the following text is incomplete and requires further context: "in..."] Figure 9 The image shows the radiation pattern of antenna 10 when it includes eight one-to-one coupled resonant and radiating structures. Each curve represents the radiation pattern of a corresponding resonant structure.

[0067] In summary, in the example provided in this application, configuring a resonant structure in the radome 11 helps to reduce the profile height of the antenna 10, enabling a flattened design of the antenna 10. Furthermore, configuring the resonant structure also helps to reduce the losses of the antenna 10, thereby improving its radiation intensity and bandwidth, and other operational performance characteristics.

[0068] In one example, the cover 111 can be made of commonly used materials such as resin or fiberglass. This application does not limit the specific material and manufacturing process of the cover 111. That is, the cover 111 only needs to have sufficient structural strength to ensure the structural safety and operational stability of the entire antenna 10. In addition, the cover 111 also has sufficient signal transmission capability to allow electromagnetic waves to pass through it efficiently, thereby ensuring the signal transmission and reception performance of the antenna 10.

[0069] In addition, the cover 111 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

[0070] For example, in Figure 6 In the example provided, the housing 111 includes a first surface 1111 and a second surface 1112 that are opposite to each other. Resonant structures 112a and 112b are both located on the first surface 1111 of the housing 111. In other examples, resonant structures 112a and 112b may also be located on the second surface 1112.

[0071] Or, such as Figure 10 As shown, in another example provided in this application, the resonant structures 112a and 112b can also be located inside the housing 111. That is, the resonant structures 112a and 112b can be located between the first surface 1111 and the second surface 1112.

[0072] The distances between the resonant structures 112a and 112b and the first surface 1111 can be the same or different. Alternatively, the resonant structures 112a and 112b can be located in approximately the same plane or in different planes.

[0073] In one example, the resonant structures 112a and 112b can be sheet metal parts. The resonant structures 112a and 112b can be attached to the cover 111 via processes such as bonding or injection molding.

[0074] Alternatively, the resonant structures 112a and 112b can also be metal layers. For example, metal materials can be directly formed onto the cover 111 using processes such as electroplating or lamination to form the resonant structures 112a and 112b.

[0075] In the specific setup, the specific preparation method and shape of the resonant structure 112 can be reasonably set according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 further includes a reflector 13 and a feed network 14. Both radiating structures 12a and 12b are fixed to one side of the reflector 13, and the feed network 14 is located on the other side of the reflector 13. The feed network 14 is electrically connected to the radiating structures 12a and 12b, and is used to transmit radio frequency signals to the radiating structures 12a and 12b to cause them to radiate electromagnetic waves outward. In one example, the feed network 14 may include at least one of the following devices: a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, or a filter. The structure and types of devices included in the feed network 14 can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0077] In addition, the types of radial structures can be diverse.

[0078] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, in one example provided in this application, both the radiating structure 12a and the radiating structure 12b are oscillators. These oscillators can be metal sheet parts, microstrip antennas 10, or similar types.

[0079] Or, such as Figure 11 As shown, in one example provided in this application, the radiating structure 12a and radiating structure 12b are specifically radiating slots.

[0080] Specifically, antenna 10 includes substrate 16, substrate 16 including a third surface facing away from it. Figure 11 (not shown in the text) and the fourth surface ( Figure 11(Not shown in the diagram). The third surface of the substrate 16 has a conductive layer 161, and the fourth surface of the substrate 16 has a conductive layer 162. The conductive layer 161 has two gaps, which respectively constitute the radiating structure 12a and the radiating structure 12b.

[0081] When a signal propagates inside the substrate 16, it can be radiated outward through the gaps (radiating structure 12a) and (radiating structure 12b), thereby achieving signal transmission and radiation. The signal radiated from the radiating structure 12a induces a current in the resonant structure 112a, causing the resonant structure 112a to radiate electromagnetic waves. Correspondingly, the signal radiated from the radiating structure 12b induces a current in the resonant structure 112b, causing the resonant structure 112b to radiate electromagnetic waves.

[0082] In one example, substrate 16 may be a dielectric substrate for fabricating a printed circuit board, or substrate 16 may be a dielectric substrate for fabricating a flexible circuit board. Alternatively, substrate 16 may be made of other dielectric materials.

[0083] In one example, the substrate 16 may include structures such as waveguides or microstrip lines for transmitting signals, allowing signals to radiate outward through the gaps.

[0084] Alternatively, in one example, devices such as power supply circuits or filters in the power supply network 14 may also be disposed on the substrate 16.

[0085] In summary, in the examples provided in this application, the radiating structure can be of various types, such as a radiating slot or an oscillator. That is, the radiating structure simply needs to be able to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves.

[0086] Additionally, in the above example, the radome 11 includes a resonant structure 112a coupled to the radiating structure 12a, and a resonant structure 112b coupled to the radiating structure 12b. In some examples, the resonant structure 112a or the resonant structure 112b may be omitted. That is, the radiating structure 12a or the radiating structure 12b can directly radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the radome 111.

[0087] In summary, in one example, the number of resonant structures and radiating structures in antenna 10 can be the same, and the resonant structures are coupled to the radiating structures in a one-to-one correspondence. Alternatively, in some examples, the number of resonant structures can be less than the number of radiating structures. That is, antenna 10 can include mutually coupled resonant structures and radiating structures. It can also include radiating structures that are not coupled to the resonant structures.

[0088] like Figure 12As shown, in one example provided in this application, the radome 11 further includes a shielding structure 113, which can reduce or avoid coupling between the resonant structure 112a and the resonant structure 112b. Alternatively, the shielding structure 113 can also reduce or avoid coupling between the radiating structure 12a and the radiating structure 12b, thereby improving the performance of the antenna 10.

[0089] Specifically, such as Figure 12 As shown, in one example provided in this application, the radome 11 includes a shielding structure 113, which is located on the first surface 1111 of the radome 111 and extends toward the radiating structure (or substrate 16).

[0090] exist Figure 12 In the example provided, the shielding structure 113 is located between the resonant structure 112a and the resonant structure 112b, thereby improving the isolation between the resonant structure 112a and the resonant structure 112b.

[0091] In summary, the shielding structure 113 can reduce or avoid coupling between two resonant structures, thereby improving the isolation between them and enhancing the performance of the antenna 10 during large-angle scanning. Furthermore, when multiple resonant structures operate at different frequency bands, configuring the shielding structure 113 can effectively suppress field coupling between different frequencies.

[0092] Alternatively, in one example, the shielding structure 113 also extends to the substrate 16. That is, the shielding structure 113 is located between the radiating structures 12a and 12b, thereby improving the isolation between the radiating structures 12a and 12b.

[0093] In summary, the shielding structure 113 can reduce or avoid coupling between the two radiating structures, thereby improving the isolation between the two radiating structures and enhancing the performance of the antenna 10 when scanning at a large angle.

[0094] The shielding structure 113 can be electrically connected to the grounding line on the substrate 16.

[0095] Or, such as Figure 13 As shown, a smaller gap 1130 may also be included between the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16 or the grounding structure on the substrate 16 to form a structure similar to band gap energy (EBG).

[0096] When a gap 1130 is maintained between the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16 or the grounding structure on the substrate 16, the required isolation can be achieved by adjusting the size of the gap 1130.

[0097] For example, such as Figure 14As shown in the embodiments of this application, a simulation diagram of the isolation degree changing with the gap size is also provided. Figure 14 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents isolation in dB. Figure 14 Curve S1 represents the antenna isolation as a function of frequency when the gap size is approximately zero. Curve S2 represents the antenna isolation as a function of frequency when the gap size is approximately 100 μm. Curve S3 represents the antenna isolation as a function of frequency when the gap size is approximately 150 μm. Curve S4 represents the antenna isolation as a function of frequency when the gap size is approximately 200 μm.

[0098] In one example, the shielding structure 113 can be connected to the substrate 16 or the grounding structure on the substrate 16 by means of welding or bonding. Alternatively, the shielding structure 113 can also be connected to the substrate 16 or the grounding structure on the substrate 16 by means of screws, rivets or other connectors. Further details are omitted here.

[0099] When the shielding structure 113 is fixedly connected to the substrate 16, a fixed connection can be achieved between the radome 11 and the radiating structure. That is, the shielding structure 113 can not only achieve the above-mentioned shielding effect, but also serve to fix the radome 11 and the radiating structure.

[0100] Alternatively, in some examples, maintaining a gap between the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16 can prevent positional interference between them. For instance, in some cases, there are dimensional errors between the radome 11 and the substrate 16. When assembling the radome 11 and the substrate 16, the air gap between the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16 prevents interference, thus improving the ease of fabrication and assembly reliability of the antenna 10.

[0101] In some examples, the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16 can also be connected by elastic elements such as spring sheets to cope with the interference caused by processing errors or assembly errors, and to ensure a reliable connection between the shielding structure 113 and the substrate 16. This will not be elaborated here.

[0102] In the above example, the exemplary description is given by taking the shielding structure 113 located between the resonant structure 112a and the resonant structure 112b or between the radiating structure 12a and the radiating structure 12b as examples.

[0103] In some examples, each resonant structure or radiating structure may also be equipped with an independent shielding structure 113.

[0104] For example, such as Figure 15As shown, in one example provided in this application, the radome 11 includes two shielding structures, namely shielding structure 113a and shielding structure 113b. Shielding structure 113a surrounds the outer periphery of resonant structure 112a, and shielding structure 113b surrounds the outer periphery of resonant structure 112b.

[0105] exist Figure 15 In the example provided, both shielding structure 113a and shielding structure 113b are continuous annular rings.

[0106] In other examples, the shielding structure 113a can also be composed of multiple ring-shaped pillars. Similarly, the shielding structure 113b can also be composed of multiple ring-shaped pillars. These pillars provide effective electromagnetic shielding. Furthermore, adjacent pillars can form channels for airflow, improving the heat dissipation performance of the antenna 10.

[0107] Alternatively, in some examples, shielding structures 113a and 113b may also be approximately elliptical rings or other ring structures.

[0108] Alternatively, in some examples, adjacent portions of shielding structures 113a and 113b can be combined. That is, shielding structures 113a and 113b can together form a figure-eight shape to reduce the amount of material used in the shielding structure.

[0109] In summary, in one example, the number of shielding structures can be the same as the number of resonant structures, and each resonant structure is surrounded by a shielding structure. Alternatively, in some examples, when all the resonant structures surrounding a certain resonant structure are equipped with shielding structures, the outer periphery of that resonant structure may not be equipped with a shielding structure.

[0110] In specific configurations, the shielding structure can be of various types.

[0111] For example, such as Figure 16 As shown, in one example provided in this application, the cover 111 includes an annular protrusion 114a and an annular protrusion 114b. The surface of protrusion 114a has a conductive layer 17a, which constitutes a shielding structure 113a. The surface of protrusion 114b has a conductive layer 17b, which constitutes a shielding structure 113b.

[0112] In one example, conductive layer 17a may cover the entire surface of protrusion 114a, or conductive layer 17a may cover at least a portion of the surface of protrusion 114a. That is, conductive layer 17a only needs to provide an effective shielding effect. Correspondingly, conductive layer 17b may cover the entire surface of protrusion 114b, or conductive layer 17b may cover at least a portion of the surface of protrusion 114b. That is, conductive layer 17b only needs to provide an effective shielding effect.

[0113] In one example, the cover 111, protrusion 114a, and protrusion 114b can be integrally formed.

[0114] Alternatively, in one example, protrusions 114a and 114b may also be independent plastic parts, and protrusions 114a and 114b may be fixedly connected to the cover 111 by means of bonding or welding.

[0115] Alternatively, in one example, shielding structure 113a or shielding structure 113b may also be a conductor made of metal, which will not be elaborated here.

[0116] In the above example, the illustration is exemplified by the antenna 10 including two radiating structures and the radome 11 including two resonant structures. In other examples, the antenna 10 may also include one or more radiating structures, and the radome 11 may also include one or more resonant structures.

[0117] For example, such as Figure 17 As shown, in one example provided in this application, the antenna 10 includes sixteen radiating structures, which are arranged in a 4*4 matrix. Figure 17 The diagram shows resonant structures 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, and f. It also shows a radiating structure 12a and a shielding structure 113a. In short, resonant structure 112a is coupled to radiating structure 12a, and shielding structure 113a is a continuous ring. The arrangement of the other resonant, radiating, and shielding structures is basically the same as that of resonant structure 112a, radiating structure 12a, and shielding structure 113a, and will not be described in detail here.

[0118] In addition, such as Figure 18 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a simulation diagram illustrating the isolation effect is also provided. Figure 18 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents... Figure 17 The diagram shows the frequency-dependent isolation curves between resonant structures 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d, 112e, and f in the 4x4 array. Specifically... Figure 18In the diagram, S5 represents the curve showing the isolation between resonant structures 112a and 112b as a function of frequency. S6 represents the curve showing the isolation between resonant structures 112a and 112c as a function of frequency. S7 represents the curve showing the isolation between resonant structures 112a and 112d as a function of frequency. S8 represents the curve showing the isolation between resonant structures 112a and 112e as a function of frequency. S9 represents the curve showing the isolation between resonant structures 112a and 112f as a function of frequency. Figure 18 As can be seen, the isolation between resonant structure 112a and its nearby resonant structures is greater than or equal to 23 dB. That is, there is good isolation between two adjacent or close-to-close resonant structures.

[0119] In practical applications, the antenna 10 described above can be used in base stations or satellites. Alternatively, the antenna 10 can also be used in terminal devices such as vehicles, drones, and radar. The antenna 10 can be used to realize wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, wireless signal transmission between a base station and a satellite, or wireless signal transmission between a base station or satellite and a terminal device. In summary, the antenna 10 provided in this application embodiment can be used in a variety of communication devices with wireless signal transmission requirements.

[0120] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0121] In this application, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0122] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, Includes an antenna radome and at least one radiating structure; The radiating structure is used to radiate electromagnetic waves; The radome includes a radome body and at least one resonant structure, wherein the at least one resonant structure is disposed on the radome body; The antenna includes at least one pair of mutually coupled resonant structures and radiating structures; In the mutually coupled resonant structure and the radiating structure, the radiating structure is used to excite the resonant structure to generate secondary radiation.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of resonant structures and radiating structures are the same, and the resonant structures and radiating structures are coupled in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cover includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, with the first surface facing the radiating structure; The resonant structure is located on the first surface or the second surface, or the resonant structure is located between the first surface and the second surface.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The radome further includes a shielding structure located on the first surface and extending toward the radiating structure; The antenna includes multiple resonant structures, and the shielding structure is located between two adjacent resonant structures.

5. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The radome further includes a shielding structure located on the first surface and extending toward the radiating structure; The number of shielding structures is the same as the number of resonant structures, and each resonant structure is surrounded by a shielding structure.

6. The antenna according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The cover includes protrusions extending toward the direction of the radiating structure; At least a portion of the surface of the protrusion has a conductive layer, which constitutes the shielding structure.

7. The antenna according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The radome also includes a conductor, which is fixedly connected to the radome. The conductor constitutes the shielding structure.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a substrate and a feed circuit; The substrate includes a third surface and a fourth surface that are opposite to each other, with the third surface facing the first surface of the cover. Multiple radiating structures are disposed on the third surface, and the power supply circuit is disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the multiple radiating structures.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cover is fixedly connected to the substrate.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, There is a gap between the shielding structure and the substrate.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The shielding structure is fixedly connected to the substrate.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The shielding structure is connected to the grounding structure in the power supply network.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a bottom shell, which together with the cover forms a cavity, and the radiating structure is located inside the cavity.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that, The bottom shell is fixedly connected to the cover.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The radiating structure includes at least one of an oscillator or a radiating slot.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, At least one of the resonant structures has multiple resonant modes.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a radio frequency circuit and an antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the radio frequency circuit is connected to the radiating structure.

Images