Mixed Huygens-Yagi antenna and high-directivity bandwidth enhancement method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed Huygens-Yagi antenna and a high-directivity bandwidth enhancement method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. A mixed mode antenna, comprising: a Huygens source structure, the Huygens source structure comprising a first electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; the second electric dipole and the Huygens source structure are arranged at an interval along the preset axial direction; wherein the mixed-mode antenna is configured to excite the Huygens source structure to work in a Huygens mode at a first frequency; and at a second frequency, exciting the first electric dipole as a driving unit, and using the second electric dipole as a reflector, so that the first electric dipole and the second electric dipole work together in a Yagi mode, wherein the second frequency is lower than the first frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a hybrid Huygens-Yagi antenna and a method for enhancing its high directivity bandwidth. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) and future wireless systems, communication systems are placing higher demands on antenna performance. In the context of increasingly scarce spectrum resources and a more complex electromagnetic environment, antennas not only need to achieve broadband to support high-speed data transmission, but also need high directivity to improve spectral efficiency and anti-interference capabilities. Furthermore, flexible pattern reconfiguration capabilities are crucial for multi-user, multi-beam scenarios and are key requirements for system intelligence. Traditional single-resonant antennas have limited bandwidth, making it difficult to meet the needs of multi-band, high-capacity communication. While conventional Yagi antennas have high gain, their bandwidth is relatively narrow and their beam is fixed, limiting their application in dynamic environments. On the other hand, Huygens source antennas have attracted attention due to their excellent aperture efficiency and radiation characteristics, but their use alone often faces challenges in balancing gain and bandwidth. Therefore, how to effectively integrate multiple radiation mechanisms in antenna design to achieve a balance between broadband, high gain, and beam reconfigurability has become an important direction in current antenna technology research. Against this backdrop, this design proposes a novel antenna structure based on the hybrid Huygens principle and the Yagi antenna mechanism. By using a dual-resonant point design to extend the operating bandwidth, and by utilizing Yagi antenna elements to improve directivity and radiation efficiency, the design further achieves eight switchable beam directions through a four-element array design and feed control. This results in a good balance between broadband, high gain, and multi-beam flexibility, thus meeting the stringent requirements of future communication systems for antenna performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a hybrid Huygens-Yagi antenna and a method for enhancing its high directivity bandwidth, and designs a case study antenna based on this theory. By combining a Huygens source antenna element and a reflector based on a Yagi antenna as the radiator, and in the designed case study antenna, the inner portion of the magnetic dipole structure of the Huygens source antenna element in two antenna elements on the same plane can be reused as the reflector portion of another antenna on the same plane, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna. Furthermore, by adjusting the positional relationship between the electric dipole / feed structure and the magnetic dipole structure, the current excitation amplitude and phase relationship between the magnetic and electric dipoles are adjusted to meet the requirements of a 90° phase difference and similar excitation amplitude between the magnetic and electric dipoles of the Huygens source antenna. After successfully exciting the Huygens mode of the antenna, a reflector is placed at a quarter-wavelength distance from the electric dipole in the direction where the magnetic dipole has no opening. This will excite a Yagi mode at low frequencies, not only enhancing the bandwidth but also strengthening the antenna's directivity at low frequencies. The example antenna based on this design consists of four elements forming an array, with eight beam directions controlled by a feeding network. Furthermore, the multiplexing of reflectors in the Yagi mode significantly reduces the size of the antenna array and the spacing between elements. Antennas designed based on this principle are characterized by simple structure, miniaturization, wide beam coverage, and ease of fabrication.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A first aspect of the present invention relates to a hybrid mode antenna, comprising: Huygens source structure, the Huygens source structure comprising a first electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; and The second electric dipole is disposed at a predetermined axial distance from the Huygens source structure. The hybrid mode antenna is configured as follows: At a first frequency, the Huygens source structure is excited to operate in Huygens mode; and At the second frequency, the first electric dipole is excited as a driving unit, and the second electric dipole is used as a reflector, so that the first electric dipole and the second electric dipole work together in Yagi mode. The second frequency is lower than the first frequency.

[0005] A second aspect of the present invention relates to an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements; Wherein, at least one of the antenna elements is a hybrid mode antenna structure, and the hybrid mode antenna element includes: The Huygens source structure includes a first electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; The hybrid mode antenna element is configured as follows: Operating in Huygens mode at a first frequency, wherein the Huygens source structure serves as the main radiator; and Operating at a second frequency in Yagi mode, wherein the first electric dipole is multiplexed as the driving unit of the Yagi mode; The reflector of the hybrid mode antenna element in the Yagi mode is composed of at least a portion of the magnetic dipole structure of another antenna element adjacent to the hybrid mode antenna element.

[0006] Optionally, the plurality of antenna elements includes four antenna elements that are centrally symmetrically distributed around a central point; The inner portion of the magnetic dipole structure of each antenna element near the center point is multiplexed as a Yagi-mode reflector for the adjacent antenna element.

[0007] Optionally, it further includes a reconfigurable feed network comprising a plurality of radio frequency switches connected to the plurality of antenna elements, the reconfigurable feed network being used to selectively excite a subset of the plurality of antenna elements by controlling the on / off states of the plurality of radio frequency switches to switch the direction of the radiated beam.

[0008] Optionally, the RF switch is a PIN diode, and the reconfigurable feed network is configured as follows: First operating state: Simultaneously turn on two adjacent PIN diodes and turn off the remaining PIN diodes to generate a radiating beam in the direction of the midline between the two conducting units; and Second operating state: Simultaneously turn on the three adjacent PIN diodes and turn off the remaining PIN diode to generate a radiation beam in the direction of the line connecting the center units of the three conducting units.

[0009] A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for enhancing the high directional bandwidth of an antenna, applied to an antenna system including a Huygens source structure and a reflector structure, the method comprising: At a first frequency, the Huygens source structure is excited to operate in Huygens mode, producing first highly directional radiation; and At the second frequency, the electric dipole in the Huygens source structure is excited as a driving unit, and the reflector structure is used to reflect the radiated energy, so that the electric dipole and the reflector structure work together in Yagi mode to generate a second high-directivity radiation. Wherein, the second frequency is lower than the first frequency, and the first high-directional radiation and the second high-directional radiation are used together to form broadband high-directional radiation.

[0010] Specifically, the hybrid Huygens-Yagi antenna and its high directivity bandwidth enhancement method of the present invention include: A Huygens source unit is located on the +z axis and includes a pair of magnetic dipoles and an electric dipole. The external electric dipole is placed on the z axis and is spaced from the Huygens source antenna by a distance d. Assuming the operating frequency of the Huygens source antenna is f1 and d = λ1 / 4 (where λ1 represents the wavelength at f1), the external electric dipole thus acts as a reflector. (It should be noted that although the physical structure is a metal ring of a magnetic dipole, at this specific frequency and polarization, the electromagnetic response characteristics of the part of the metal structure near the inner side without interlocking teeth are equivalent to a reflector). At the operating frequency f1, the total radiation field is the superposition of the radiation field of the Huygens source antenna and the radiation field of the external electric dipole. The radiation field of the external electric dipole is relatively weak, and its influence on the radiation pattern of the Huygens source can be ignored. The high directivity of the Huygens source at the frequency f1 is mainly contributed by the Huygens source itself. To increase the directivity bandwidth, it is assumed that the external electric dipole and the electric dipole in the Huygens source antenna form a two-element Yagi antenna operating at the frequency f2 (where f2 < f1). At the frequency f2, the magnetic dipole in the Huygens source may no longer meet the optimal conditions. To enable the external electric dipole to act as a reflector, the external electric dipole is placed at a distance d = λ1 / 4 from the Huygens source. At this distance, the influence of the external electric dipole on the radiation pattern of the Huygens source at the frequency f1 can be ignored; at the same time, this distance also enables it to effectively act as a reflector of the Yagi antenna at the lower frequency f2. When the frequency ratio f2 / f1 = 0.7 - 0.9, high directivity can be obtained at the frequency f2 through the Yagi antenna mechanism, thus expanding the effective bandwidth of high directivity.

[0011] Specifically, the reconfigurable antenna based on the hybrid Huygens - Yagi antenna and its high directivity bandwidth enhancement method of the present invention has a reconfigurable feeding network arranged on the upper end of a dielectric board, which includes four microstrip lines and a bias network arranged on the microstrip lines; Dielectric substrate 1; A metal ground layer arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1; Dielectric substrate 2; Dielectric substrate 3; And PIN diodes for controlling the polarization state of the antenna, which are arranged on the four microstrip feed lines.

[0012] Optionally, the four Huygens source antennas and the feeding network are centrosymmetric, and their centers are all located on the same axis.

[0013] Optionally, the multiple microstrip lines are rectangles with the same shape and size.

[0014] Optionally, the end of the feeding structure is connected to an electric dipole structure, and the electric dipole structure also serves as the feeding structure.

[0015] Optionally, the dielectric substrate one and / or dielectric substrate two and / or dielectric substrate three are made of Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate.

[0016] Optionally, adjacent Huygens source antennas may be reused.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Compared with other antennas with a single Huygens source, the present invention has a much wider bandwidth, with a relative bandwidth of over 30%. It has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high directivity and simple structure, and has great advantages in the field of wireless communication.

[0018] 2. The reconfigurable antenna provided by this invention achieves miniaturization of the antenna and array by reusing a magnetic dipole structure as a reflector. When constructing the antenna array, adjacent elements can overlap and reuse each other, thereby reducing the overall size of the array. Simultaneously, the four microstrip feed lines, controlled by four PIN diodes, enable beam reconfiguration in eight directions, thus obtaining a wider beam coverage range. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the broadband high directivity pattern reconfigurable antenna provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view (upper and lower surfaces of dielectric substrate one) in a specific embodiment of the present invention. The dimensions of dielectric substrate one are shown below. W 1= W 2 = 150 mm; the length of a single microstrip line in the feed structure. L 1 = 13mm, the four microstrip lines are centrally symmetrical, and the remaining eight small patches are used to solder the bias circuit.

[0021] Figure 3 The two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate two in a specific embodiment of the present invention are also schematic diagrams of a hybrid Huygens-Yagi structure, wherein the distance between the two magnetic dipoles is shown. Lm =10.2mm, the distance between the two electric dipoles Le = 22mm.

[0022] Figure 4 The lower surface of the dielectric substrate in a specific embodiment of the present invention is the ground plane of the reconfigurable antenna.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the impedance bandwidth parameters of the reconfigurable antenna in a three-element operating mode (three adjacent PIN diodes are on, and the remaining one is off) (states S1-S4) according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Its -10-dB impedance bandwidth is 2.82-4.3 GHz.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the impedance bandwidth parameters of the reconfigurable antenna in a two-element operating mode (two adjacent PIN diodes are on, and the other two are off) (states S5-S6) according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Its -10-dB impedance bandwidth is 2.88-4.02 GHz.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution and radiation direction of the reconfigurable antenna in binary operating mode according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. A stable deflection direction can be observed.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution and radiation direction of the reconfigurable antenna in the ternary operating mode according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. A stable deflection direction can be observed.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gain curve of the reconfigurable antenna in the three-element operating mode (S1-S4) according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. In the three-element operating mode, the gain range of the antenna within the common bandwidth is 5.5~8.1dBi.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the gain curve of the reconfigurable antenna in a binary operating mode (S5-S6) according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. In the binary operating mode, the gain range of the antenna within the common bandwidth is 4.9~7.8dBi.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna in the three-element operating mode (S1-S4) in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is the radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna in the binary operating mode (S5-S6) in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] The components corresponding to each number in the diagram are as follows: 1. Dielectric substrate one: In some embodiments, dielectric substrate one is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a thickness of 1.524 mm, a length of 150 mm, a width of 150 mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent tanδ=0.0027.

[0032] 2. Dielectric substrate two: In some embodiments, dielectric substrate two is Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.813 mm, a length of 36.6 mm, a height of 22 mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent tanδ=0.0027.

[0033] 3. Dielectric substrate three: In some embodiments, dielectric substrate three is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.813 mm, a length of 36.6 mm, a height of 22 mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent tanδ=0.0027.

[0034] 4. Magnetic dipole structure: Located on both sides of dielectric substrate 2 and dielectric substrate 3, it is a semi-rectangular metal ring with an outer opening. The inner side is connected to the metal patch on the upper surface of substrate 1 and is connected to the metal ground plane on the lower surface of substrate 2 through a metal through hole. The outer opening also has a toothed structure on the outer side. The part without the toothed structure on the inner side is reused as a reflector of the electric dipole structure in another Huygens unit on the same substrate.

[0035] 5. Electric dipole / feed structure: Located on both sides of dielectric substrate two and dielectric substrate three, corresponding to the position of the magnetic dipole structure but located on both sides of the substrate. As an electric dipole structure, it is also responsible for exciting the magnetic dipole part to form a Huygens source and together with the composite reflector to form a Yagi antenna.

[0036] 6. Metal ground plane: Located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0037] 7. Grounding patch: Located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, it is connected to the inner side of the magnetic dipole and the metal ground plate through a through hole.

[0038] 8. Interlocking tooth structure: Located on the magnetic dipole structure, it serves to introduce additional capacitance and maintain phase continuity.

[0039] 9. Choke inductor: blocks the DC bias current and radio frequency signal of the PIN diode.

[0040] 10. PIN diode: controls the on / off state of the microstrip line.

[0041] 11. Microstrip line: A structure that feeds four antenna elements and narrows in the middle for impedance matching.

[0042] 12. Pad: Solder inductance.

[0043] 13. Slot: Located on dielectric substrate one, used for inserting dielectric substrate two and dielectric substrate three. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the purpose of this invention is to provide a hybrid Huygens-Yagi pattern reconfigurable antenna.

[0046] According to the present invention, a high-directivity bandwidth-enhanced hybrid Huygens-Yagi antenna is provided, comprising: a dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a dielectric substrate 3, a magnetic dipole structure 4, an electric dipole / feed structure 5, a metal ground plane 6, a ground patch 7, an interdigital structure 8, a choke inductor 9, a PIN diode 10, a microstrip line 11, a pad 12, and a slot 13. The antenna radiators are placed on both sides of the dielectric substrate two / three; The antenna radiator includes: a magnetic dipole structure 4 and an electric dipole / feed structure 5. The antenna radiator is fed by a microstrip direct-connected electric dipole. The antenna has the following dimensions: W = 150 mm, L = 150 mm; The thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 h1 = 1.524 mm, length W = 150 mm, width L = 150mm, the first dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of the first dielectric substrate is... =0.0027.

[0047] The thickness of the dielectric substrate 2 h2 = 0.813 mm, length is W = 36.6 mm, height H = 22 mm, the dielectric substrate 2 is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of dielectric substrate 2 is... =0.0027.

[0048] The thickness of the dielectric substrate 3 h3 = 0.813 mm, length is W = 36.6 mm, height H = 22 mm, the dielectric substrate 3 is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of dielectric substrate 3 is... =0.0027.

[0049] Let the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz include: origin o, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis; The dielectric substrate 1 is parallel to the xoy plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz, the dielectric substrate 2 is parallel to the yoz plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz, and the dielectric substrate 3 is parallel to the xoz plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz. In this embodiment, the microstrip feed line consists of four microstrip lines, the ends of which are connected to an electric dipole structure. The four microstrip lines are connected by a PIN diode, which controls the switching on and off of the microstrip lines. The central origin of the four microstrip lines is directly connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line through the dielectric substrate, while the outer conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the metal floor on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.

[0050] By loading a PIN diode 10 in the middle of the microstrip line, eight beam directions can be switched. When two adjacent PIN diodes are in the on state and the other two are in the off state, the antenna beam direction will be outward along the midline between the two on PIN diodes. When three adjacent PIN diodes are on and the remaining one is off, the antenna beam direction will be along the line connecting the center origin and the middle PIN of the three on PIN diodes.

[0051] In this embodiment, the magnetic dipole structure 4 disposed on the surface of dielectric substrate 2 or substrate 3 consists of an open semi-metallic ring, and the open end is also provided with a toothed structure (the size design is as follows). Figure 3 As shown, where G1=0.6mm, G2=0.3mm, W1=2.0mm, W2=5.0mm, H1=4.7mm), and the inner side of each magnetic dipole can be reused as a reflection structure of another Huygens unit in the same substrate. This reuse between adjacent antenna elements can reduce the overall size of the antenna.

[0052] The specific feeding structure includes at least four discrete microstrip lines for feeding four antenna elements respectively. Each of the four discrete microstrip lines should have a break in the middle for mounting a PIN diode.

[0053] More specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the blue part of the choke inductor 9 is a high-frequency choke inductor. The pad 12 near the inside is connected to the choke inductor 9 and then to the negative terminal of the PIN diode 10. The pad 12 near the outside is connected to the choke inductor 9 and then to the positive terminal of the PIN diode 10. When a high level is applied to the positive terminal, the PIN diode is turned on. Since the four PIN diodes 10 share a common negative terminal, only one inductor is actually embedded in the four pads 12.

[0054] The dimensions of the magnetic dipole structure 4 and the electric dipole structure 5 of the antenna determine the resonant frequency. Generally speaking, the dimensions of both the magnetic and electric dipole structures affect the resonant frequency of the Huygens mode, while the dimensions of the dipole structure affect the Yagi mode of the antenna. Furthermore, the interlocking tooth structure on the magnetic dipole structure plays an important role in maintaining the continuity of the current phase.

[0055] In embodiments of the present invention, the microstrip line is directly fed by an electric dipole structure connected to its end. Beam variations in the radiation pattern can be achieved by adjusting the PIN diodes on the microstrip line.

[0056] The following is a specific embodiment of the design parameters, relating to an example antenna designed based on the Huygens-Yagi principle and a high directional bandwidth enhancement method, including: dielectric substrate 1, dielectric substrate 2, dielectric substrate 3, magnetic dipole structure 4, electric dipole / feed structure 5, metal ground plane 6, ground patch 7, interdigital structure 8, choke inductor 9, PIN diode 10, microstrip line 11, pad 12, and slot 13.

[0057] The antenna radiators are placed on both sides of the dielectric substrate two / three; The antenna radiator includes: a magnetic dipole structure 4 and an electric dipole / feed structure 5. The antenna radiator is fed by a microstrip direct-connected electric dipole. The antenna has the following dimensions: W = 150 mm, L = 150 mm; The thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 h1 = 1.524 mm, length is W = 150mm, width L = 150mm, the first dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of the first dielectric substrate is... =0.0027.

[0058] The thickness of the dielectric substrate 2 h2 = 0.813 mm, length is W = 36.6 mm, height H = 22 mm, the dielectric substrate 2 is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of dielectric substrate 2 is... =0.0027.

[0059] The thickness of the dielectric substrate 3 h3 = 0.813 mm, length is W = 36.6 mm, heightH = 22 mm, the dielectric substrate 3 is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55, and the loss angle of dielectric substrate 3 is... =0.0027.

[0060] Let the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz include: origin o, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis; The dielectric substrate 1 is parallel to the xoy plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz, the dielectric substrate 2 is parallel to the yoz plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz, and the dielectric substrate 3 is parallel to the xoz plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz.

[0061] Based on the Huygens-Yagi principle and high-directivity bandwidth enhancement methods, this embodiment designs a broadband high-gain beam reconfigurable antenna. In some measured data, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the antenna's -10-dB impedance bandwidth in two-element and three-element operating modes covers the 2.88-4.02GHz and 2.82-4.3GHz frequency bands, respectively, with a common bandwidth of 2.88-4.05GHz.

[0062] like Figure 7-8 As shown, both radiation pattern deflection modes of the antenna have stable radiation patterns within the passband.

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown, in the two-unit working mode, when the on / off state of two adjacent PIN tubes is changed, that is, when working in states S5-S8, the beam direction changes to α of 45°, 135°, -45°, and -135° respectively.

[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, in the three-unit working mode, when the on / off state of the three adjacent PIN tubes is changed, that is, when working in states S1-S4, the beam direction changes to α of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively.

[0065] The gain curves of the antenna in different modes are as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown.

[0066] like Figure 9 The diagram shows the gain curve of the reconfigurable antenna in a three-element operating mode according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. In three-element operating mode, the gain range of the antenna within the common bandwidth is 4.9~7.8 dBi.

[0067] like Figure 10This is a schematic diagram showing the gain curve of the reconfigurable antenna in a binary operating mode according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. In binary operating mode, the gain range of the antenna within the common bandwidth is 5.5~8.1 dBi.

[0068] Figure 11 This is a radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna in the three-element operating mode (S1-S4) in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 12 This is the radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna in the binary operating mode (S5-S6) in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] In summary, compared with existing technologies, the antenna in this embodiment has an antenna array with a length / width of only 0.35 free space wavelengths and a height of only 0.19 free space wavelengths, compared to other single Huygens antennas and single Yagi antennas. It features wide bandwidth, miniaturization, stable radiation pattern, and large coverage. The circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment has a simple and compact structure, achieving reconfigurable radiation patterns in eight directions using only four PIN diodes 10. It is easy to fabricate and integrate, and easy to form an array.

[0071] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0072] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid mode antenna, characterized in that, include: A Huygens source structure, wherein the Huygens source structure includes a first electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; as well as The second electric dipole is disposed at a predetermined axial distance from the Huygens source structure. The hybrid mode antenna is configured as follows: At a first frequency, the Huygens source structure is excited to operate in Huygens mode; and At the second frequency, the first electric dipole is excited as a driving unit, and the second electric dipole is used as a reflector, so that the first electric dipole and the second electric dipole work together in Yagi mode. The second frequency is lower than the first frequency.

2. The hybrid mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the second electric dipole and the Huygens source structure is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency.

3. The hybrid mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the first frequency to the second frequency is in the range of 0.7 to 0.

9.

4. The hybrid mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic dipole is a metal ring structure with an opening, and a toothed structure is provided at the end of the opening. The toothed structure is configured to maintain the phase continuity of the current on the magnetic dipole.

5. The hybrid mode antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A first dielectric substrate on which a power supply network is disposed; as well as The second dielectric substrate is disposed perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate; The first electric dipole and the magnetic dipole are disposed on opposite sides of the second dielectric substrate.

6. An antenna array, characterized in that, Includes multiple antenna elements; Wherein, at least one of the antenna elements is a hybrid mode antenna structure, and the hybrid mode antenna element includes: The Huygens source structure includes a first electric dipole and a magnetic dipole; The hybrid mode antenna element is configured as follows: Operating in Huygens mode at a first frequency, wherein the Huygens source structure serves as the main radiator; and Operating at a second frequency in Yagi mode, wherein the first electric dipole is multiplexed as the driving unit of the Yagi mode; The reflector of the hybrid mode antenna element in the Yagi mode is composed of at least a portion of the magnetic dipole structure of another antenna element adjacent to the hybrid mode antenna element.

7. The antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of antenna elements includes four antenna elements that are centrally symmetrically distributed around a central point; The inner portion of the magnetic dipole structure of each antenna element near the center point is multiplexed as a Yagi-mode reflector for the adjacent antenna element.

8. The antenna array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device further includes a reconfigurable feed network comprising a plurality of radio frequency switches connected to the plurality of antenna elements. The reconfigurable feed network is used to selectively excite a subset of the plurality of antenna elements by controlling the on / off states of the plurality of radio frequency switches to switch the direction of the radiated beam.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The radio frequency switch is a PIN diode, and the reconfigurable feed network is configured as follows: First operating state: Simultaneously turn on two adjacent PIN diodes and turn off the remaining PIN diodes to generate a radiating beam in the direction of the midline between the two conducting units; as well as Second operating state: Simultaneously turn on the three adjacent PIN diodes and turn off the remaining PIN diode to generate a radiation beam in the direction of the line connecting the center units of the three conducting units.

10. A method for enhancing the high directivity bandwidth of an antenna, characterized in that, Applied to an antenna system including a Huygens source structure and a reflector structure, the method includes: At a first frequency, the Huygens source structure is excited to operate in Huygens mode, producing first highly directional radiation; and At the second frequency, the electric dipole in the Huygens source structure is excited as a driving unit, and the reflector structure is used to reflect the radiated energy, so that the electric dipole and the reflector structure work together in Yagi mode to generate a second high-directivity radiation. Wherein, the second frequency is lower than the first frequency, and the first high-directional radiation and the second high-directional radiation are used together to form broadband high-directional radiation.

Images