Natural weeding composition

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel natural herbicidal composition consisting of a mixture of environmentally harmless natural ingredients. The present invention provides herbicides that can replace and / or supplement existing herbicides. The natural herbicide is environment-friendly, and is healthy and safe to human and animals. The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and provides a natural herbicide capable of replacing and / or supplementing an existing herbicide and a use method thereof, so that the general requirements of weed control are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention is based on the understanding of natural phenomena, including the effects of one plant on another plant by releasing chemicals into its environment.

[0002] The natural herbicide provided by this invention is based on the use of known substances; these substances, when used in combination, can produce unique synergistic effects, thus serving as a potent herbicide to replace glyphosate and other highly toxic substances.

[0003] The present invention also provides a method for applying the composition, which includes treating the composition and applying it into the soil, thereby optimizing the control effect on weed germination and growth. Background Technology

[0004] Since the dawn of agriculture, weed control has been crucial for crop production, as weeds compete with crops for resources and are a major factor limiting productivity. In recent years, it has been estimated that global food production losses due to weeds reach as high as 55%, amounting to approximately US$105 billion annually, equivalent to 420 million tons of wheat—more than half of the world's annual wheat production. The use of pesticides helps prevent crop losses and increase yields, driving the research and development and promotion of synthetic plant protection products. However, while the active ingredients in pesticides have beneficial effects on agricultural production, they can also have numerous adverse impacts on the environment and habitats of the application areas. Global pesticide consumption varies depending on data sources and statistical methods. According to a pesticide use report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), the total global pesticide use in 2017 was approximately 4.1 million metric tons.

[0005] Currently, more than 1,000 pesticides are used worldwide to control pest damage to food crops. Each pesticide has different properties and toxicological effects.

[0006] Many earlier, inexpensive pesticides (without patent protection), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), can remain in soil and water for years. These chemicals have been banned by countries that have signed the 2001 Stockholm Convention, an international convention aimed at eliminating or restricting the production and use of persistent organic pollutants.

[0007] The toxicity of pesticides depends on their function and other factors. For example, insecticides are generally more toxic to humans than herbicides. The same chemical can produce different effects at different doses (i.e., human exposure levels). Toxicity can also be related to the route of exposure, such as oral ingestion, inhalation, or direct skin contact.

[0008] Currently, pesticides approved for use in edible agricultural products in international trade are not genotoxic (i.e., they do not damage DNA, cause mutations, or cause cancer). These pesticides only produce adverse effects when exposure exceeds a certain safe level. Exposure to large amounts of pesticides can lead to acute poisoning or long-term health damage, including cancer and damage to the reproductive system.

[0009] Pesticide-related problems are a leading cause of death from poisoning, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Because pesticides are inherently toxic and are intentionally applied to the environment, their production, distribution, and use require strict regulation and control. Regular monitoring of pesticide residues in food and the environment is also essential.

[0010] The World Health Organization has set two main goals for pesticides: first, to ban pesticides that are most toxic to humans and have the longest residual time in the environment; and second, to protect public health and the environment by setting maximum limits for pesticide residues in food and water.

[0011] Other pesticide chemicals, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators, are also widely used in agriculture. Global pesticide use increased by 80% since 1990, but has stabilized over the past decade. The five main pathways by which pesticides enter complex environmental resources are: migration via surface runoff, drift beyond the target area during application, leaching in soil profiles, leakage, and migration via soil erosion. While pesticide use has driven agricultural expansion, improper use can lead to water pollution from toxic substances, thereby endangering human health.

[0012] Other challenges include weed growth without herbicides and the need for additional labor, a problem that has a particularly significant impact on female workers. The successful implementation of conservation agriculture often depends on identifying suitable agroecological zones and soil types for implementation.

[0013] Developing locally tailored plans and promoting their benefits to farmers and the public is equally important.

[0014] Conservation agriculture can also enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and strengthening their carbon sequestration capabilities in many cases. Climate-smart irrigation is another important approach to climate change adaptation, aiming to improve the productivity and economic efficiency of existing irrigation systems and enhance farmers' resilience to climate change.

[0015] The use of synthetic herbicides has many drawbacks, including the potential for toxicity even at extremely low concentrations. The widespread use of these herbicides exacerbates soil and water pollution, leading to the degradation of natural, agricultural, and urban ecosystems. Some active ingredients enter the food chain and bioaccumulate, posing a direct threat to animal and human health (WHO).

[0016] Currently, the safety of glyphosate (the most widely used herbicide in agriculture, parks and gardens, and weed control worldwide) has sparked intense international debate. Glyphosate-based products (such as Roundup) have been suspended from use by the European Union, and according to a bill passed by the European Parliament, these products are planned to be completely phased out by 2023.

[0017] Several Latin American countries have used glyphosate at different times and in different situations. Glyphosate is a herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds and non-target crops, but its use has been controversial due to its potential impact on the environment and human health.

[0018] The use of glyphosate in some Latin American countries is as follows: Argentina is one of the major users of glyphosate in Latin America and one of the world's largest producers of genetically modified soybeans. Glyphosate is widely used to control crop weeds. Brazil also uses glyphosate extensively in agriculture. As a major producer and exporter of agricultural products such as soybeans and corn, glyphosate is used for weed control on these crops. Colombia used glyphosate to eradicate illegal coca crops, but in 2015, due to concerns about potential adverse health and environmental impacts, the Colombian government temporarily suspended aerial spraying operations for coca eradication. Glyphosate is also used in Mexican agriculture, especially on genetically modified corn and soybean crops. However, in 2021, the Mexican government announced plans to gradually phase out glyphosate and other agricultural chemicals over the next few years.

[0019] It is important to note that policies and regulations regarding the use of glyphosate vary from country to country and are constantly being updated. Some countries have implemented partial or complete restrictions / bans on its use, while others continue to allow its use in agriculture under specific regulations.

[0020] Decree No. 380 of 2021 established guidelines and a regulatory framework for glyphosate aerial spraying programs used to control illicit crops, subject to approval from the National Narcotics Committee (CNE). Although the decree did not directly approve glyphosate aerial spraying, this move is still seen as a worrying attempt to revive the operation.

[0021] The number of approved herbicide active ingredients is expected to continue to decrease in the coming years. Herbicide-related patents have led to increasing resistance in weeds to existing active ingredients, rendering them ineffective. Furthermore, the cost of synthetic herbicides is not affordable for all farmers. In fact, of the $95 billion in agricultural losses globally each year, approximately $70 billion occurs in poor countries (FAO, 2017). Therefore, there is a growing demand for new, more economical, safer, and more environmentally friendly weed control products and methods.

[0022] Against this backdrop, the industry has conducted extensive new research on natural products, developing novel natural herbicides potentially applicable to organic agriculture, as well as natural substances derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms that have been approved by governments for use as plant protection products for other purposes. All commercially available products must demonstrate their potential efficacy in weed control.

[0023] Weeds are harmful to important crops such as agriculture, flowers, and forestry because they compete with crops for space, light, and nutrients.

[0024] The use of chemical herbicides in weed control also has other drawbacks, including: herbicides are expensive, making them too costly for some farmers. Furthermore, if farmers use herbicides below the effective dosage, the risk of some weeds developing resistance increases. Overuse and improper herbicide rotation also increase the risk of resistance. Moreover, not all crops and all scenarios have suitable herbicides.

[0025] The residual activity of herbicides may also limit crop rotation for some crops, and some agricultural herbicides may even increase weed density. There are concerns about the short-term and long-term safety of herbicides for consumers and the environment.

[0026] Environmental issues in the agri-food industry have become a global concern, including the development of alternatives to chemical pesticides with the ultimate goal of reducing their use. The rising economic, social, and environmental costs associated with agricultural problems, spray drift, and pesticide residues, coupled with the development of herbicide resistance in weeds, have made biological control agents an ideal solution for weed control in both agricultural and domestic settings.

[0027] Many bacteria and fungi are natural pathogens of weeds. Studies have shown that natural herbicides prepared using biological agents rather than chemical agents hold promise as an alternative to chemical pesticides.

[0028] Patents for developing such products include: US6,008,159 protects a method for controlling the spread of annual grass weeds in an area by applying to the area a composition of one or more Pyrenophora fungi or their asexual forms, or toxins or toxin-containing preparations derived therefrom, in combination with an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0029] US5,993,802 relates to a substantially biologically pure low-temperature basidiomycete (LTB) strain (3BOND Coprinus psychromorbidus), an application composition comprising the fungus and an agriculturally acceptable carrier that supports its growth, and a method for inhibiting the growth of Canadian bluegrass (Calamagrostis canadensis) and other closely related weedy grasses that are hosts for snow mold caused by the low-temperature basidiomycete.

[0030] US 5,472,690 protects against effective control of Kentucky bluegrass and / or closely related grasses, particularly suitable for areas undergoing reforestation. This fungal herbicide contains one or both of *Fusarium nivale* (ATCC #26050) and *Poa anthracnose* (PFC-215, ATCC #74287) isolated from diseased plants of the original variety of *Poa nivale*. The fungal herbicide formulation preferably contains allelopathic substances such as straw, straw-based materials, straw extracts, grass extracts, or endophytic fungi. Experiments have shown that treatment with inoculum containing *PFC-215* and endophytic *Fusarium nivale* is particularly effective. One embodiment of the treatment method of this invention includes applying a weakly virulent endophytic fungus to grasses or pastures surrounding the target area to prevent natural infection or inoculation.

[0031] US 5,795,845 discloses a biological weed control composition comprising a reverse emulsion carrier and a microorganism. The microorganism is non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic in the absence of the carrier, and when present in the presence of the carrier, it can be used as a herbicide when present in an effective amount capable of producing weed-controlling activity. Summary of the Invention

[0032] One object of this invention is that the provided active ingredient composition protects the ecosystem upon application while providing effective weed control. In agricultural ecosystems, soil is crucial for the final fate of plant-released substances. Most isolated natural compounds that are effective in the laboratory and can be used as pre-seeding or pre-emergence herbicides (affecting weed germination or early growth) are almost ineffective or completely ineffective in the field due to their poor stability, rapid degradation by microorganisms, or other interactions with the soil. The composition of this invention exhibits synergistic effects and has been field-proven as a high-performance herbicide, solving the problem of inactivation in crop-growing soils.

[0033] Currently available biological herbicides have insufficient residual effect in controlling the germination of weeds in real weed seed banks and the growth of already germinated weeds. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel herbicides that combine environmental friendliness with field effectiveness. Another objective of the composition of this invention is to solve this problem. Detailed Implementation

[0034] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology and aims to meet the needs of weed control by providing a natural herbicide and its application method.

[0035] In this invention, the following terms are defined as follows: In this invention, "natural herbicide" should be understood as a weed control agent based on natural sources, whose active substances (effective ingredients) are of natural origin.

[0036] In this invention, "weeds" should be understood as synonymous with "grass weeds", "alien species" and "harmful plants in cultivated land", referring to any plant that grows naturally in undesirable locations, especially in farmland, greenhouses, gardens, green spaces or vegetation restoration areas, which may hinder or negatively affect the normal growth of crops or target plants.

[0037] This invention aims to protect natural herbicides based on compositions of active substances comprising saponins, fatty acids, vegetable oils, and emulsifiers.

[0038] Through years of research, this invention has identified suitable active substances that have synergistic effects and are of natural origin. To date, no other composition has been found that possesses the same herbicidal properties while maintaining the natural state of the ecosystem.

[0039] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing weed reproduction during the growth of mature crops, comprising: a) Apply an effective amount of the natural herbicide of the present invention or the natural herbicide composition of the present invention to mature crops; b) Cultivating crops; c) Conduct efficacy testing.

[0040] The compositions of this invention can control various weeds during crop growth. Preferably, the crop is selected from rice, sugarcane, corn, barley, peas, beans, turfgrass, pasture grass, and all common seasonal crops.

[0041] The main objective of this invention is to protect compositions formed from active substances comprising saponins, monounsaturated fatty acids, vegetable oils and emulsifiers.

[0042] The saponins selected in this invention are a class of structurally diverse compounds widely found in various plants. They belong to the glycoside class, which consists of a steroid or triterpenoid core linked to a sugar molecule. Saponins are widely distributed glycosides in plants, composed of terpenoids, steroid bodies, or steroidal alkaloid aglycones, with a branched sugar chain attached to the C-3 hydroxyl group. The number of sugar molecules can be up to five, typically glucose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, xylose, and rhamnose. The term "saponin" originates from its property of producing foam when shaken in water. Saponins are natural compounds found in many plants and possess detergency and foaming properties. Based on their chemical structure and plant origin, saponins can be classified into several categories. The present invention preferably uses the following types of saponins: steroidal saponins: ginseng, asparagus, licorice, yucca, avocado; triterpenoid saponins: quinoa, ginseng, astragalus, ginkgo, red clover; sapogenin type saponins: soapwort (Saponaria), belladonna (Atropa belladonna), soapberry (Sapindus spp.); alkaloid type saponins: soapberry (Quillaja saponaria), yucca (Yucca spp.); steroidal spirostane type saponins: tribulus terrestris, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum); glycyrrhizin type saponins: licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra); alfalfa saponins.

[0043] The most preferred triterpenoid saponins of this invention are saponins mainly composed of triterpenoid units, selected from: quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), ginseng (Panax ginseng), astragalus (Astragalus spp.), ginkgo, red clover (Trifolium pratense), Glechoma hederacea, and garlic (Allium sativum).

[0044] More preferably, steroidal saponins are selected from those having a chemical structure similar to steroids, including: ginseng (Panaxginseng), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis, such as asparagine); yucca (Manihot esculenta, such as diosgenin); licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, containing glycyrrhizin); and olive leaf (Olea europaea, such as oleuropein). Saponins from saponins are particularly preferred.

[0045] Preferred tea saponins are selected from theaflavins and theaflavins. More preferred are soapberry saponins, selected from: American soapberry (Sapindus saponaria), Sapindus mukorossi, and Sapindus trifoliatus.

[0046] Saponins derived from other ingredients: In some herbal tea blends (such as jasmine tea), plants containing natural saponins can be added to improve flavor and aroma. These saponins are derived from the added plants, not from the tea tree itself.

[0047] The saponins selected in this invention are preferably selected from: tea saponin B1, assam saponin J, isotea saponin B1 (leaf tea saponin V), isotea saponin B2, B3; leaf tea saponins I, II, III, IV; and flower tea saponin A, which can be used alone or in combination.

[0048] The fatty acids of this invention are selected from: oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, capreoleic acid, myrcenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, isoleic acid, codoleic acid, cetyl acid, erucic acid, and linoleic acid, and can be used alone or in combination.

[0049] The preferred fatty acids are: ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and decenoic acid. A more preferred fatty acid composition is: 77%-83% ricinoleic acid, 3%-5% linoleic acid, 4%-9% oleic acid, 1%-2% palmitic acid, 1%-3% stearic acid, and 0.1%-5% decenoic acid.

[0050] The oils used in this invention are selected from: olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, argan oil, hazelnut oil, peanut oil, palm oil, pistachio oil, almond oil, corn margarine, corn oil, cashew oil, soybean oil, cod liver oil, avocado oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, and castor oil, and can be used alone or in combination.

[0051] The emulsifiers of this invention are selected from lecithin, guar gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and glycerin, and can be used alone or in combination.

[0052] The preferred concentrations of the active substances are: saponins 20%-50%, fatty acids 20%-50%, vegetable oil 1%-30%, and emulsifier 0.1%-5%.

[0053] A more preferred composition of active substances is: 30%-40% saponins, 0.1%-40% fatty acids, 20%-30% vegetable oil, and 1%-5% emulsifier.

[0054] In all compositions, water is used as the solvent, in an amount required to bring the final concentration to 100%.

[0055] The following examples are not limiting, but are merely illustrative of compositions formed from these active substances, depending on the crop requiring weed control, soil type, and elevation. The compositions are as follows: Example 1: Composition

[0056] Example 2: Composition

[0057] Example 3: Composition

[0058] Example 4: Composition

[0059] Example 5: Composition

[0060] Example 6: Composition

[0061] Example 7: Composition

[0062] Example 8: Composition

[0063] Tests demonstrating the synergistic effect between active substances in the composition and their efficacy as a herbicide Experiment 1: The effect of the herbicide of the present invention on weed control in sugarcane production system Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in Guayas province's socio-economic development, particularly in terms of its annual production. According to data from the National Financial Corporation (2021), the sugarcane harvest in 2020 was 11,016.17 metric tons, up from 9,257.70 metric tons in 2019, representing a 19% increase. The distribution by province is as follows: Guayas province accounted for 77.6% of the harvested area, followed by Canal province at 17% and Loja province at 1.5%, with a total production of 11 million metric tons. Historically, Ecuador's largest and most important sugar mills are located here (National Institute of Statistics and Statistics of Ecuador, 2021).

[0064] The most widely used herbicides currently include glyphosate monoammonium salt, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine trimethylsulfonium salt, haloxyfop-methyl, and clethodim. All of these products are chemically synthesized herbicides; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives for weed control in crops such as sugarcane.

[0065] Experimental Objective The residual effect (duration of effectiveness) of the herbicide of the present invention in the control of weeds in sugarcane crops over time (days) was evaluated.

[0066] Evaluation of the pre-emergence control efficacy of the herbicide of this invention against grassy weeds, sedges, and broadleaf weeds in sugarcane crops (Pre-emergence application ).

[0067] The effective dosage of the herbicide of the present invention for pre-emergence weed control in sugarcane crops was determined.

[0068] The phytotoxicity of the product of this invention was determined in this experimental study.

[0069] Evaluation of the herbicide efficacy of this invention against weeds in sugarcane crops ( Post-emergence application ).

[0070] Test monitoring location and date Test conditions Experimental field location This pre-feasibility study was conducted in Guayas Province (including pre- and post-emergence efficacy analysis).

[0071] Date of each operation

[0072] Crop characteristics Common name and scientific name: sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) Crop growth cycle: 365 days Weed phenological stages: pre-emergence weeds; post-emergence weeds and crops. Crop phenology: growing season Variety / Hybrid: EC-08

[0073] Planting method: Propagation by runners Sugarcane weed control characteristics

[0074] Application of various treatment agents for sugarcane

[0075] Biological targets of the product

[0076] Application methods and equipment Application equipment used Before applying the herbicide of this invention to sugarcane, calibration was performed to determine the product dosage and water usage for each test unit (EU). A 20-liter manual backpack sprayer equipped with a nozzle with a flow rate of 0.6 L / min was used; the operating pressure was 1-6 kgf / cm². 2 Spraying was conducted before and after the weeds emerged, covering the entire experimental area.

[0077] Product application dosage: The novel herbicide of this invention is formulated with the following dosages: 2.0 L / ha, 3.0 L / ha, and 4.0 L / ha, with a blank control also provided.

[0078] Number of applications: 1 time.

[0079] Application timing (relative to weeds): Spray before and after weed emergence in the test area.

[0080] Application period (relative to crop phenology): Apply during the crop's vegetative growth stage.

[0081] Water consumption: Through pre-calibration of the application equipment, the water consumption is determined to be approximately 200 L / ha, which can evenly cover the entire application area.

[0082] Efficacy: The efficacy was calculated using the ABBOTT formula, which is considered the best model for evaluating pre-emergence herbicides.

[0083] Formula: %E = [(Cd [Td) / Cd] × 100. Where: Td: weed infestation level in the treatment area after treatment, Cd: weed infestation level in the blank control area after treatment.

[0084] Evaluation conducted During the weed emergence period, 1m [weeds were observed] in each experimental unit. 2 Initial evaluation was conducted using quadrats, and the number of surviving weeds was counted in quadrat frames to determine the weed population size for each treatment.

[0085] Direct impact on crops (phytotoxicity): Crop phytotoxicity is evaluated according to the EWRS (European Weed Research Society) grading standards.

[0086]

[0087] result The efficacy (%) of the herbicide of this invention against major economically harmful weeds in sugarcane fields.

[0088] Note: Post-emergence application has no effect on weeds.

[0089] Table 1 shows the weed emergence status 21 days (daa) after application; therefore, the efficacy calculation is up to this time point. According to the ABBOTT formula, treatment T2 (herbicide of this invention – 3.0 L / ha) and treatment T3 (herbicide of this invention – 4.0 L / ha) showed the same efficacy against broadleaf weeds, grass weeds, and sedges, both at 80.82%, which was significantly better than treatment T1 (herbicide of this invention – 2.0 L / ha), with an efficacy of 54.79%.

[0090] in conclusion • Evaluation showed that this product caused no phytotoxicity to crops, and no morphological damage was observed in the plants according to the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) grading standards.

[0091] • The effectiveness of this product was evaluated by measuring the emergence of weeds in each treatment area 21 days (21 days) after application, thereby determining the effective control period of the herbicide of this invention.

[0092] Treatment T2 (herbicide of the present invention - 3.0 L / ha) and treatment T3 (herbicide of the present invention - 4.0 L / ha) both showed control efficacy of over 80% against broadleaf weeds, grass weeds and sedges, which was significantly better than treatment T1 (herbicide of the present invention - 2.0 L / ha), where the control efficacy of treatment T1 was only 54.79%.

[0093] • In sugarcane production systems, post-emergence herbicide application has no significant control effect on grass weeds, broadleaf weeds, and sedges.

[0094] suggestion • It is recommended that the herbicide of this invention be applied pre-emergence to control grass weeds, broadleaf weeds and sedges in sugarcane crops within 21 days (21daa) after application.

[0095] The recommended dosage is 3 L / ha, which is the most effective and economical application rate for controlling weed populations in sugarcane crops.

[0096]

[0097] · It is not recommended to use post-emergence herbicide application to control grassy weeds, broadleaf weeds, and other weeds in sugarcane production systems. Cyperus .

[0098] • It is recommended to use an average water volume of 200 L / ha and apply the pesticide using a flat fan-shaped nozzle to achieve good pesticide coverage.

[0099] • Do not apply pesticides under conditions that may affect their efficacy, such as in murky water with high organic matter content, at risk of rainfall, or at high temperatures.

[0100] • Personal protective equipment must be used at all times: gloves, protective clothing, mask, rubber boots, protective apron and hat.

[0101] • Avoid product spillage and leakage to prevent contamination of the application environment and surrounding areas.

[0102] The table below shows the initial and final weed populations for controlling broadleaf weeds, grass weeds, and other weeds in sugarcane crops in the Miragro region.

[0103]

[0104] Pi = Initial population size, Pf = Final population size

[0105] Result 3

[0106] Experiment 2: The weed control effect of the herbicide of the present invention on corn production systems introduction Ecuadorian maize is primarily used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. The main maize-growing provinces are Los Ríos, Manabí, Guayas, and Loja, with floury or soft maize varieties being the most common. According to the 2020 yellow maize production report, the country's maize planting area was approximately 250,000 hectares, with a total production of approximately 1.4 million tons.

[0107] Grasses, sedges, and dicotyledonous weeds are the most damaging weed groups to maize production. Therefore, environmentally friendly herbicides are needed to control these weed species.

[0108] Experimental Objective 1. Evaluate the duration (in days) of the herbicide of this invention against weeds in corn crops.

[0109] 2. Evaluation of the herbicide of the present invention Pre-emergence application of pesticides Effects on the control of grassy weeds, sedges and broadleaf weeds on maize crops.

[0110] 3. Determine the effective dosage of the herbicide of the present invention for pre-emergence weed control in maize crops.

[0111] 4. To determine the phytotoxic effects of the herbicide of this invention on crops in this experiment.

[0112] 5. Evaluate the effect of the herbicide of this invention on weeds in sugarcane crops. Post-emergence pesticide application The control effect.

[0113] Test monitoring location and date Test conditions Experimental field location This pre-feasibility study was conducted in Manabi Province and Guayas Province (including pre- and post-emergence efficacy analysis).

[0114] Dates of various activities

[0115] Basic information of the crop to be evaluated 5.1 Hard Yellow Corn Common name and scientific name: Maize ( Zea mays ) Birth cycle: 120 days Herbicide application timing: pre-emergence of crops and weeds, post-emergence of crops and weeds. Variety / Hybrid: ADVANTA 9735 Planting method: Direct seeding was used in the experimental area. Test characteristics

[0116] Maize crop pending evaluation treatment

[0117] Biological targets of the product

[0118] Application methods and equipment Application equipment used Before applying the herbicide of this invention to corn, calibration was performed to determine the product dosage and water usage for each test unit (EU). A 20-liter manual backpack sprayer equipped with a nozzle with a flow rate of 0.6 L / min was used; the operating pressure was 1-6 kgf / cm². 2 Spraying was conducted before and after the weeds emerged, covering the entire experimental area.

[0119] Product application dosage: The application dosage is set according to the cornfield trial treatment table: the dosage of the herbicide of this invention is 3.0 L / ha; commercial control (ADENGO) and blank control (no application).

[0120] Number of applications: 1 time.

[0121] Application timing (relative to weeds): Spray before and after weed emergence in the test area.

[0122] Application timing (relative to crop phenology): Apply before and after crop emergence.

[0123] Water consumption: Through pre-calibration of the application equipment, the water consumption was determined to be approximately 200 L / ha, which can evenly cover the entire application area.

[0124] Efficacy: The efficacy was calculated using the ABBOTT formula, which is considered the best model for evaluating pre-emergence herbicides.

[0125] Formula: %E = [(Cd [Td) / Cd] × 100. Where: Td: weed infestation level in the treatment area after treatment, Cd: weed infestation level in the blank control area after treatment.

[0126] Evaluation conducted During the weed emergence period, 1m [weeds were observed] in each experimental unit. 2 Initial evaluation was conducted using quadrats, and the number of surviving weeds was counted in quadrat frames to determine the weed population size for each treatment.

[0127] Direct impact on crops (phytotoxicity): Crop phytotoxicity is evaluated according to the EWRS (European Weed Research Society) grading standards.

[0128]

[0129] result The efficacy (%) of the herbicide of this invention against major economically harmful weeds in corn fields.

[0130] Note: Post-emergence application has no effect on weeds.

[0131] Table 1 shows the control efficacy based on weed emergence 20 days after application (daa). According to the ABBOTT formula, treatment T1 (the herbicide of this invention—3.0 L / ha) showed an efficacy of 82.9% against broadleaf weeds, grass weeds, and sedges; while treatment T2 (ADENGO—0.3 L / ha) showed an efficacy of 95.4%, demonstrating good residual efficacy in the experimental area.

[0132] in conclusion • Evaluation showed that this product caused no phytotoxicity to crops, and no morphological damage was observed in the plants according to the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) grading standards.

[0133] • The effectiveness of this product was evaluated by measuring the emergence of weeds in each treatment area 20 days (20 daa) after application, thereby determining the effective control period of the herbicide of this invention.

[0134] • The commercially available products maintained their effectiveness in the soil, and no weeds were observed to emerge within 20 days after application, indicating that they had a higher residual efficacy.

[0135] It can be concluded that the herbicide of the present invention can effectively control weeds within 20 days after application at a dosage of 3.0 L / ha.

[0136] • At the dosages evaluated in this invention, post-emergence application showed no significant control effect on grassy weeds, broadleaf weeds, and sedges in maize fields.

[0137] A) Recommendation • It is recommended that the herbicide of this invention be applied pre-emergence to control grass weeds, broadleaf weeds and sedges in maize crops within 20 days (20 daa) after application.

[0138]

[0139] • It is not recommended to use post-emergence herbicide application to control grass weeds, broadleaf weeds, and sedges in maize production systems.

[0140] • It is recommended to use an average water volume of 200 L / ha and apply the pesticide using a flat fan-shaped nozzle to achieve good pesticide coverage.

[0141] • Do not apply pesticides under conditions that may affect their efficacy, such as in murky water with high organic matter content, at risk of rainfall, or at high temperatures.

[0142] Result 1 The table below shows the initial and final population sizes of broadleaf weeds, grasses, and sedges in maize crops.

[0143]

[0144] Pi = Initial population size; Pf = Final population size.

[0145] Result 2

[0146] Result 3

[0147] Experiment 3: The control effect of the herbicide of this invention on pre-emergence weeds in rice crops in the Daolai area introduction Rice is one of Ecuador's most important socio-economic crops, particularly vital to small and medium-sized producers in the country's coastal regions, especially in the provinces of Los Ríos, Guayas, Manabí, and El Oro. The country cultivates approximately 350,000 hectares of rice annually during both the dry and rainy seasons, with an average yield of 4.0 tons per hectare, significantly lower than neighboring countries—whose average yields reach 6-9 tons per hectare.

[0148] One of the factors limiting the crop's productivity is weeds, which have become a significant economic problem. Weeds are hosts for pests and diseases and compete with crops for water, sunlight, and mineral nutrients.

[0149] The most damaging weeds include: barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ), Kidney-shaped Rainbow Flower ( Heteranthera reniformis ), flax leaves and cloves ( Ludwigia linifolia ), The aforementioned weeds cause significant economic losses to rice production. Therefore, it is crucial to use environmentally friendly herbicides to control or reduce weed populations.

[0150] Experimental Objective • Evaluate the control effect of the herbicide of this invention on weeds in rice crops.

[0151] • Determine the effective dosage of the herbicide of the present invention for weed control in rice crops.

[0152] • To determine the phytotoxic effects of the herbicide of this invention on rice crops.

[0153] Test monitoring location and time Test conditions Experimental field location This pre-feasibility study was conducted in Guayas province.

[0154] Experimental activities conducted within the study area

[0155] Participating Units Application for testing: ARILEC - Ecuador Experimental Implementer: NOVATEC AGRICULTURE SA Implementation Technician: Edwin Hassan Edwin Hasang Moran, Agricultural Engineer, Master of Science Test product characteristics

[0156] Experimental Overview Common name and scientific name of crop: rice ( Oryza sativa ) Crop growth cycle: 120 days Crop phenology: vegetative growth stage Variety: SFL 011 Rice pesticide application

[0157] Target organisms that need to be controlled in rice cultivation

[0158] Application methods and equipment Application equipment used Before applying the herbicide of this invention to rice and sugarcane, the water usage per test unit (EU) was pre-calibrated: a 20-liter manual backpack sprayer was used, equipped with a nozzle with a flow rate of 0.6 L / min and an operating pressure of 1-6 kgf / cm². 2Forty-eight hours after crop transplanting, spray the area before weeds emerge, covering the entire experimental area. For corn crops, use a motorized backpack sprayer for application.

[0159] Product application dosage: 3.0 L / ha for the old herbicide of this invention, 3.0 L / ha for the new herbicide of this invention, 3.0 L / ha for butachlor, and 3.0 L / ha for pendimethalin. Each component should be applied according to the corresponding formulation ratio.

[0160] Number of applications: 1 time.

[0161] Application timing (relative to weeds): Spray before and after weed emergence in the test area.

[0162] Application timing (relative to crop phenology): All crops in the studies were applied during the vegetative growth stage, 24 hours after transplanting.

[0163] Water consumption: Through pre-calibration of the application equipment, the water consumption was determined to be approximately 200 L / ha, which can evenly cover the entire application area.

[0164] Efficacy: The efficacy was calculated using the ABBOTT formula, which is considered the best model for evaluating pre-emergence herbicides.

[0165] Formula: %E = [(Cd [Td) / Cd] × 100. Where: Td: weed infestation level in the treatment area after treatment, Cd: weed infestation level in the blank control area after treatment.

[0166] Evaluation conducted Weekly evaluation: Randomly select 1m within each test unit 2 Quadrates were used to count the number of surviving weeds in order to determine the weed population size for each treatment.

[0167] Statistical analysis The Tukey test was used to analyze the statistical differences between the treatments, with a significance level of 5%.

[0168] Direct impact on crops (phytotoxicity): Crop phytotoxicity is evaluated according to the EWRS (European Weed Research Society) grading standards.

[0169]

[0170] result In the Dalai region, the ABBOTT formula was used to determine the control efficacy (%) of each component of the herbicide of this invention against major economic weeds in irrigated rice.

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[0174]

[0175] The herbicide of the present invention was demonstrated using the ABBOTT formula in rice ( Oryza sativa As shown in the table of control efficacy (%) during planting, the treatment that achieved the control efficacy requirements for all three evaluated weeds was: T12 (the herbicide of this invention - 3.0 L / ha), with a control efficacy of 76.09% against *Hemiberlesia lataniae*, 99.48% against *Barnyardgrass*, and 100.0% against *Syzygium flaxenum*. Similarly, treatment T11 (3.0 L / ha of pendimethalin + 3.0 L / ha of butachlor) showed control efficiencies of 98.91%, 100.0%, and 98.8% against the above three weeds, respectively, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to other treatments (the components of the herbicide of this invention, the new product).

[0176] Meanwhile, the second group of treatments with better control efficacy were observed: T5 (saponin + oleic acid + castor oil), T8 (oleic acid + castor oil + lecithin), and T11 (the old herbicide of this invention, 3.0 L / ha), which were effective against barnyard grass ( Echinochloa cruss galli The control efficacy of the three herbs was 86.98%, 78.65%, and 94.79%, respectively, indicating that they have a good control effect on grass weeds.

[0177] No morphological phytotoxicity was observed in the crop plants throughout the evaluation process; therefore, the phytotoxicity score was 1, which, according to the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) grading standards, indicates no phytotoxicity.

[0178] in conclusion Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: The individual application of each component of the herbicide of this invention did not show any control effect on the weeds in the test area.

[0179] The novel herbicide of this invention, when applied at a dose of 3.0 L / ha, showed significant control efficacy against the tested weeds in this study.

[0180] The herbicide of this invention, at a dosage of 3.0 L / ha, is more effective against grassy and broadleaf weeds than against aquatic weeds.

[0181] However, given that the product is of organic origin, it can be considered effective if its efficacy exceeds 70%.

[0182] Water layer management is crucial to ensuring that the herbicide is effective in controlling weeds.

[0183] suggestion It is recommended that, under good water level management conditions, the herbicide (new product) protected by this invention be used at a dosage of 3.0 L / ha to control the following weeds: barnyardgrass (… Echinochloa cruss galli ), Kidney-shaped Rainbow Flower ( Heteran thera reniformis ) and flax leaves and cloves ( Ludwigia linifolia ).

[0184]

[0185] • It is recommended to use an average water volume of 200 L / ha and apply the pesticide using a flat fan-shaped nozzle to achieve good pesticide coverage.

[0186] • The application equipment should be calibrated before application to ensure accurate dosage per hectare.

[0187] This product is best applied in well-leveled soil for optimal efficacy.

[0188] • It is recommended to maintain a water level after application to ensure the herbicide achieves optimal efficacy.

[0189] • It is recommended that the novel herbicide of this invention be applied only to the weeds listed in the recommended table.

[0190] • Do not apply pesticides under conditions that may affect their efficacy, such as in murky water with high organic matter content, at risk of rainfall, or at temperatures exceeding 28°C.

[0191] • Personal protective equipment must be used at all times: gloves, protective clothing, mask, rubber boots, protective apron and hat.

[0192] • Avoid product spillage and leakage to prevent contamination of the application environment and surrounding areas.

[0193] Result 1 The table below shows the rice varieties in the Daolai region ( Oryza sativa Field data on the average initial and average final weed populations in crops using the herbicides (components) and new products of this invention for weed control.

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[0196] Result 2

Claims

1. A natural herbicidal composition, characterized in that, Includes the following components: a) Saponins b) Fatty acids c) Vegetable oil d) Emulsifiers.

2. The natural herbicidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight percentage concentrations of each component are as follows: a) Saponins, 20wt%~40wt% b) Fatty acids, 20wt%~50wt% c) Vegetable oil, 0.1wt%~30wt% d) Emulsifier, 0.1wt%~5wt%.

3. The natural herbicidal composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The weight percentage concentrations of each component are as follows: a) Saponins, 30wt%~40wt% b) Fatty acids, 0.1wt%~40wt% c) Vegetable oil, 2wt%~30wt% d) Emulsifier, 1wt%~5wt%.

4. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The saponins are selected from: tea saponin B1, assam saponin J, isotea saponin B1 (leaf tea saponin V), isotea saponins B2 and B3; leaf tea saponins I, II, III and IV; and flower tea saponin A.

5. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The saponins are selected from: tea saponins, quinoa saponins, alfalfa saponins, soapberry saponins, and soap tree saponins, specifically terpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins.

6. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The fatty acids are selected from: oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, decenoic acid, myrcenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, isoleic acid, codoleic acid, cetyl acid, erucic acid, and linoleic acid.

7. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The oils are selected from: olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, argan oil, hazelnut oil, peanut oil, palm oil, pistachio oil, almond oil, corn margarine, corn oil, cashew oil, soybean oil, cod liver oil, avocado oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, and castor oil.

8. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The phospholipids are selected from lecithin, guar gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and glycerin.

9. The natural herbicidal composition according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The solvent is water.

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