Electrochemical cell interconnect with insulation

Abstract

An interconnect for electrically connecting cells of an electrochemical cell stack is disclosed. The interconnector comprises a first side and a second side; the first side is adapted to face a cell layer comprising an electrochemically active cell region, and a portion of the first side is provided with an electrically insulating layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to interconnects for electrochemical cell units, particularly fuel cell units and electrolyzer cell units; cell units including said interconnects; stacks including such cell units; methods of manufacturing said interconnects and cell units and stacks thereof; and uses of such cell units. The cell units of this invention include solid oxide, polymer electrolyte membrane, and molten carbonate type cells. More specifically, this invention relates to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) cell units, which may include metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (MS-SOFC) or electrolyzer (MS-SOEC) cell units. Background Technology

[0002] Some electrochemical cell units can generate electricity by oxidizing fuel using an electrochemical conversion process. Some electrochemical cell units can also, or alternatively, operate as regenerative fuel cell (or reverse fuel cell) units (often called electrolyzer cell units), for example, to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water, or carbon monoxide and oxygen from carbon dioxide. They can be tubular or planar in configuration. Planar electrochemical cell units can be stacked on top of each other, for example, in a stack of 100 to 200 or more cells, wherein the individual electrochemical cell units are electrically connected, for example, in series.

[0003] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that generate electricity are based on a solid oxide electrolyte that conducts negative oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode located on opposite sides of the electrolyte. For this purpose, fuel or reformed fuel contacts the anode (fuel electrode), and an oxidant (such as air or an oxygen-enriched fluid) contacts the cathode (air electrode). Conventional ceramic-supported SOFCs (e.g., anode supports) have low mechanical strength and are prone to fracture. Therefore, metal-supported SOFCs have been developed, which support the active fuel cell component layers on a metal substrate. In these cells, the ceramic layers can be very thin because they only perform an electrochemical function: that is, the ceramic layers are not self-supporting but are laid as a thin coating / film on and supported by the metal substrate. Such metal-supported SOFC stacks are more robust, less expensive, and have better thermal performance than ceramic-supported SOFCs, and can be manufactured using conventional metal welding techniques.

[0004] Solid oxide electrolyzers (SOECs) can have the same structure as SOFCs, but are essentially SOFCs operating in reverse or in regenerative mode. They use electrical energy input and solid oxide electrolytes (or other electrolytes mentioned above) to electrolyze water and / or carbon dioxide, thereby producing hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and oxygen.

[0005] This invention relates to electrochemical battery cells and specifically to the design of their interconnects (also referred to as interconnect plates or separator plates). Therefore, it is applicable to various types of fuel cell and electrolyzer batteries, such as those based on solid oxide electrolytes, polymer electrolyte membranes, or molten electrolytes. For convenience, "battery cell" is used to refer to "electrochemical battery cell," including fuel cell and electrolyzer battery cells.

[0006] Each cell in a stack typically includes a cell layer containing electrochemically active cell regions (e.g., metal-supported or anode-supported electrochemically active cell regions) and interconnects. Interconnects typically contact one side of the cell layer, but in a cell stack, they may also contact opposite sides of the cell layers of adjacent cells. Some interconnects are also configured to separate fluid volumes (e.g., fuel volume and oxidant volume) located on opposite sides of the interconnect.

[0007] Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of a battery cell with two pads from the applicant’s earlier application GB 2603665 A is shown. The application discusses electrochemical battery cells with protruding elements and stacks containing multiple such electrochemical battery cells. Figure 1 The battery cell 10 includes a flat (i.e., planar) metal support plate 14 stacked adjacent to interconnects 12. Interconnects 12 show flanged peripheries 18 surrounding their periphery. The flanged periphery 18 extends outward from the dominant plane of the sheet in the central fluid volume region to form a concavity (and a convexity towards the outward surface) within the interconnect. This concavity will form a fluid volume within the battery cell after assembly.

[0008] exist Figure 1 In the arrangement shown, the battery cell 10 has rounded ends and parallel sides, with fluid ports 22 located near both ends of the interconnect 12 and the metal support plate 14. Other shapes, sizes, and numbers of corresponding battery features are also possible depending on the power and size required for the final stacked assembly.

[0009] Around the fluid port of the separator plate 12, shaped port features 24 are provided. The shaped port features 24 are configured as multiple elements in the form of circular recesses extending a distance from the bottom plane of the fluid volume, corresponding to—and sharing the same height as—the flange periphery 18. This is to ensure that they mechanically contact the opposing surface of the metal support plate 14 during the assembly of the battery cell 10, just as the flange periphery 18 does. Therefore, when the flange periphery 18 is joined (e.g., by welding) to the metal support plate 14, the shaped port features 24 will also contact the metal support plate 14. This connection electrically connects the metal support plate and the interconnects.

[0010] In the middle portion of the battery cell 10, an electrochemically active layer 50 is disposed on a metal support plate. In this example, it is located outside the enclosed fluid volume.

[0011] Electrochemically active region 50 includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte (not explicitly shown) located between the anode and cathode. The anode, electrolyte, and cathode may be collectively referred to as electrochemically active layer 50, active electrochemical cell layer, or electrochemically active region. The electrolyte conducts negative oxygen ions or positive hydrogen ions between the anode and cathode. Stack 20 may include a battery cell stack based on a solid oxide electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte membrane, or a molten electrolyte, or any other variant capable of electrochemical action.

[0012] A concave configuration can give the associated plates a framed tray appearance, with a correspondingly convex external shape (relative to the exterior of the battery cell) and typically a flat bottom. This concavity thus defines (e.g., partially) the fluid volume in the assembled battery cell. In this concave configuration, the flange periphery extends from the plane of the original sheet of the interconnect and / or metal support plate toward the corresponding opposing surface of the separator plate and the other metal support plate.

[0013] Therefore, the fluid volume is defined by a flange perimeter, which is formed by pressing, such as using molding, hydroforming, or stamping. These are simple processes already performed in forming the central protrusion of the fluid volume (described below), and also appear on interconnects for supporting and electrically connecting adjacent battery cells through the electrochemical active layer.

[0014] Figure 2 Showing Figure 1 An exploded perspective bottom view of the battery cell. A metal support plate 14 (e.g., metal foil) is provided with a plurality of small holes or micropores 48 to allow fluid in the fluid volume to contact the side of the electrochemical layer closest to the metal support plate 14. These form porous regions defined by non-porous regions. The anode (fuel electrode) layer is located adjacent to the small holes / micropores, and the (closed) fluid volume within the battery cell includes the fuel flow volume supplied by fuel entering and exiting through the fluid port 22 (and therefore the fuel port 22). The cathode (air electrode) layer is located on the opposite side of the electrochemically active layer 50, i.e., its outer surface, and is exposed to air flowing through it during use of the battery cell 10. Figure 2a Showing Figure 1 and 2 Simplified cross-section of the arrangement shown.

[0015] The interconnect may have an upward protrusion 32 and a downward protrusion 36 disposed in the central area, including inner and outer protrusions (upward and downward as shown), extending between the inner opposing surfaces of the two plates and between the outer surfaces of the electrochemical active layer of the battery cell adjacent to the outward protrusion. The upward protrusion 32 defines a fluid channel for fuel between them, which passes through a closed fluid volume between the fluid ports at both ends of the battery cell. The downward protrusion 36 defines a fluid channel for an oxidant (such as air) through a fluid volume defined at the outer surface of the electrochemical active layer of the battery cell adjacent to the downward protrusion.

[0016] Each gasket, such as gasket 34 (also known as a “seal”), provides the primary sealing function and is typically a compressible gasket that withstands compressive forces near the port.

[0017] These gaskets, each typically surrounding the corresponding fluid port and thus generally in a ring shape, also provide electrical insulation between the first cell 10 and the adjacent fluid cell 10 to prevent short circuits. The gaskets can be made of any suitable material, such as vermiculite-based gaskets, for example, Thermiculite (trademark).

[0018] The spacer 34 can be relatively thick, for example, approximately 0.5 mm thick in situ after compression. The relatively thick spacer, along with the downward recesses / protrusions 36, helps to space adjacent battery cells. However, alternative battery cell designs are also possible, such as designs with smaller / lower recesses, protrusions, and / or spacers.

[0019] As described above, the function of the interconnect layer is to make electrical contact with the active area of ​​the underlying metal support plate; however, there should be no other electrical contact between the interconnect and the metal support plate.

[0020] There is a risk that the interconnects and / or metal support plates may deform (e.g., bend), resulting in unexpected and undesirable contact between the interconnects and the inactive areas of the metal support plates, which could lead to a short circuit in the battery (whether SOEC or SOFC).

[0021] The present invention aims to solve, overcome or mitigate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0022] This article discloses that, in order to improve the reliable function of electrochemical cell units and their corresponding cell stacks (for electrolysis or fuel cell operation), insulating means, such as at least one insulating layer, are introduced in one or more regions of the interconnects (preferably on the air side) in regions corresponding to the regions outside the active cell regions (e.g., facing the metal support plate).

[0023] This advantageously prevents or reduces the risk of battery short circuits. This is particularly useful for interconnect designs with lower pitting, especially relevant to low-airflow thermally neutral (or near-thermally neutral) electrolyzer cells. However, it is also advantageous in, for example, large fuel cells with potentially large deformations and where adjacent cells may come into contact. Insulation makes such designs more feasible and / or practical.

[0024] Insulation measures are provided in or on the interconnects, rather than on the metal support plate supporting the active cell area, so as not to interfere with other aspects of the battery design / layout.

[0025] Another potential advantage is that by providing specialized insulation methods, gaskets do not need to be electrically insulating or require less electrical insulation, thus allowing for a wider range of possible gasket materials.

[0026] In a first aspect, an interconnect for electrically connecting electrochemical cell stacks is provided, the interconnect having a first side and a second side, the first side being adapted to face a cell layer containing electrochemically active cell regions, and a portion of the first side of the interconnect being provided with an electrically insulating layer.

[0027] Interconnectors are also called interconnect plates or separator plates. The battery layer may include electrochemically active battery regions supported by an anode, electrolyte, or metal. These electrochemically active battery regions may be areas within the battery layer where an air electrode, electrolyte, and fuel electrode are disposed. The remaining portion of the battery layer may not have at least one of the air electrode, electrolyte, and fuel electrode, and can therefore be described as electrochemically inactive (battery) regions. An electrically insulating coating may face the electrochemically inactive regions.

[0028] The electrochemical cell stack is preferably an electrolytic cell stack, and more preferably a solid oxide electrolytic cell stack.

[0029] Preferably, the first side of the interconnect is adapted to face the battery layer, which includes an electrochemically active battery region in its central area. Preferably, the portion of the first side of the interconnect with an electrically insulating layer is adapted to face the electrochemically active battery layer outside the central area.

[0030] Preferably, the first side of the interconnect is conductive in a region suitable for facing the electrochemically active battery region. Preferably, this is the central area of ​​the interconnect, excluding the portion where an electrically insulating layer is disposed.

[0031] Preferably, the area includes conductive features, such as conductive protrusions adapted to contact the electrochemically active battery region and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active battery region.

[0032] Preferably, the protrusion comprises a recess pressed or formed in the interconnect, the recess being adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region. Such pressing or forming is relatively cost-effective and can be performed concurrently with pressing or forming other features of the interconnect. Alternatively or additionally, the protrusion comprises features printed or deposited on a first side of the interconnect, and / or features machined or etched in a layer printed or deposited on the first side of the interconnect. The height of such features is easily controlled and can be manufactured relatively easily. Alternatively, the area comprises a porous layer (having a given thickness over the area of ​​the electrochemically active cell region) adapted to contact and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active cell region.

[0033] Preferably, the interconnect (first side) has a central area and a periphery between the central area and the interconnect periphery, and an electrically insulating layer is disposed on at least a portion of the periphery. In this case, the central area is a conductive area. The electrically insulating layer prevents electrical contact between the interconnect periphery and the battery layer to prevent electrical short circuits in the battery cells. In this case, in the stack, the central area of ​​the interconnect is aligned with the central area of ​​the battery layer where electrochemically active battery regions are disposed.

[0034] Preferably, the interconnect further includes at least one fluid port disposed in the periphery, and an electrical insulating layer is disposed between at least one of the following: (a) the at least one fluid port and the central area; and (b) the at least one fluid port and the periphery of the interconnect.

[0035] Preferably, an electrical insulating layer surrounds the at least one fluid port.

[0036] Preferably, the second side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to a first fluid volume for a first fluid (e.g., fuel, such as hydrocarbons or H2 in a fuel cell, or vapor from an electrolyzer cell), and the first side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to a second fluid volume different from the first fluid (e.g., oxidant / oxygen / purge gas). Preferably, the interconnect is adapted to separate the fluids.

[0037] Preferably, the electrical insulating layer comprises a dielectric layer (e.g., made of glass ceramic).

[0038] Preferably, the electrical insulating layer comprises at least one of zirconium oxide and hafnium.

[0039] Preferably, the thickness of the electrical insulation layer is between 0.001 mm and 0.5 mm, more preferably between 0.001 mm and 0.1 mm, even more preferably between 0.001 mm and 0.05 mm, and even more preferably between 0.005 mm and 0.02 mm.

[0040] Preferably, the interconnect is used for (e.g., metal-supported solid oxide) electrolytic cell cells or (e.g., metal-supported) electrolytic cell stacks.

[0041] In a second aspect, an electrochemical battery cell for an electrochemical battery stack is provided, comprising the aforementioned interconnects and a battery layer containing electrochemically active battery regions, wherein the battery layer and the interconnects are stacked on top of each other to form the electrochemical battery cell.

[0042] More specifically, the second aspect may provide an electrochemical cell unit for an electrochemical cell stack, comprising:

[0043] A battery layer includes a metal support plate having a first side and a second side, an electrochemically active battery region, and an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area where the electrochemically active battery region is disposed, wherein the second side of the metal support plate supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above a porous region of the metal support plate; and An interconnect having a first side and a second side, the first side being adapted to face the battery layer, and wherein a portion of the first side of the interconnect is provided with (preferably coated, but may be a self-supporting component) an electrically insulating layer. The battery layer and interconnects are stacked on top of each other to form an electrochemical battery cell (i.e., the first side of the interconnect is opposite to the second side of the metal support plate (e.g., also facing the electrochemical active battery region) or the second side of the interconnect is opposite to the first side of the metal support plate), and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces the electrochemical inactive region.

[0044] The interconnecting element of the second aspect can be based on the interconnecting element of the first aspect.

[0045] Preferably, the battery layers and interconnects are stacked on top of each other in a spaced-out relationship to form a fluid volume between them for a first fluid; the first fluid volume provides a volume for delivery and discharge to one side of the electrochemically active battery region.

[0046] Preferably, the electrochemical cell is configured to confine a first fluid in a first fluid volume (e.g., between the second side of the interconnect and the first side of the cell layer / support plate, preferably enclosed by the interconnect and cell layer (support plate) of the cell) and a second fluid in a second fluid volume (e.g., between the first side of the interconnect and the second side of the cell layer / support plate), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second fluid volume is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first fluid volume.

[0047] Preferably, the battery layer has a central area that carries the electrochemically active battery region. Preferably, it also includes a periphery between the electrochemically active battery region and the periphery of the battery layer, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the battery layer. In this way, the electrically insulating coating can prevent electrical contact, thereby preventing a short circuit between the first side of the interconnect and the battery layer (or an adjacent battery layer in a battery cell stack) around its periphery.

[0048] Preferably, the battery layer further includes an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area where the electrochemically active battery region is located, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces the electrochemically inactive region. In this way, the electrically insulating coating prevents electrical contact, thereby preventing a short circuit between the first side of the interconnect and the electrochemically inactive region of the battery layer (the battery layer or adjacent battery layers in a battery cell stack). When the electrochemically active battery region is supported by a (metal) support plate, the electrochemically active battery region may coincide with the porous region of the support plate, and the electrochemically inactive battery region may coincide with the non-porous region of the support plate. Alternatively or additionally, the electrochemically active battery region is the area of ​​the support plate covered by the fuel electrode, electrolyte, and oxygen electrode.

[0049] Preferably, the outermost layer of the electrochemical active cell region is provided with a protrusion suitable for facing the first side of the interconnect.

[0050] Preferably, the electrochemically active cell region includes a solid oxide electrolyte.

[0051] Preferably, the electrochemical cell unit is an electrolyzer cell unit, more preferably a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) cell unit. Electrolyzer cell units may have lower oxidant flow rate requirements than fuel cell units; therefore, the height of the oxidant side of the electrolyzer cell interconnect (e.g., the fluid volume disposed to the first side of the interconnect) can be lower than the height of the oxidant side of the fuel cell unit interconnect. This lower height may increase the likelihood that the first side of the interconnect will contact the cell layer at unwanted locations (e.g., outside the electrochemical active cell region, causing a short circuit). An electrically insulating coating can prevent such contact.

[0052] Preferably, the battery layer further includes a metal support plate that supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above the porous region of the metal support plate (e.g., the center).

[0053] Preferably, the (central) porous region of the metal support plate is surrounded by an outer periphery between the (central) porous region and the metal support plate periphery, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the outer periphery of the metal support plate; preferably, the porous region provides fluid communication between the first and second sides of the metal support plate. In this way, the electrically insulating coating can prevent electrical contact between the first side of the interconnect and the outer periphery of the metal support plate, thereby preventing electrical short circuits.

[0054] Preferably, the metal support plate has a first side and a second side, the second side of the metal support plate carries the electrochemical active battery region, and the first side of the metal support plate faces the second side of the interconnect.

[0055] Preferably, the second side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer (in some cases, the first side of the metal support plate) to provide a first fluid volume therebetween, and is connected and electrically connected around their periphery or periphery. Protrusions or features on the second side of the interconnect may contact the battery layer to maintain the spacing between the interconnect and the battery layer, thereby maintaining the fluid volume. Alternatively, the first side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer to provide a first fluid volume therebetween, and at least one gasket is disposed therebetween. The gasket may be electrically insulating, although it does not need to be electrically insulating if the gasket is disposed on an electrically insulating layer. Protrusions or features on the first side of the interconnect may contact the battery layer to maintain the spacing between the interconnect and the battery layer, thereby maintaining the fluid volume.

[0056] Preferably, the interconnect has at least one bridging recess forming a protrusion on a first side of the interconnect and a corresponding recess forming on a second side of the interconnect. The recess is used for fluid guidance on the second side of the interconnect, and an electrically insulating layer is disposed (i.e., at least disposed on) the at least one bridging recess. In other words, the electrically insulating layer may be located on the protrusion formed by the at least one bridging recess (the convex side of the bridging recess) because the electrically insulating layer is located on the first side of the interconnect. The recess can be used to deliver and / or discharge fluid to the porous region. The recess (the volume thus formed) can be in fluid communication with a first fluid volume closed between the at least one port and / or the interconnect (second side) and the first side of the battery layer (substrate). The recess (the volume thus formed) can allow fluid communication between the at least one port and the first fluid volume and / or the porous region.

[0057] Preferably, the at least one fluid port is in fluid communication with a first fluid volume provided between the interconnect and the metal support plate, and the electrochemical cell further includes a fluid guiding insert disposed in the first fluid volume, the fluid guiding insert including a plurality of elongated grooves formed therein, the elongated grooves defining a fluid channel system for conveying fluid between the at least one fluid port and the first fluid volume through the at least one bridging recess (i.e., on the second side of the interconnect, through the recess of the at least one bridging recess (the volume formed by the recess)).

[0058] Preferably, each elongated slot has a distal section, wherein the distal section of at least one elongated slot is closed by the web of a fluid guiding insert, and wherein the at least one bridging recess extends from the fluid guiding insert and across the web to form a fluid bypass around the web (i.e., for conveying fluid between the at least one fluid port and the first fluid volume via the at least one bridging recess). In other words, the second side of the interconnect faces the fluid guiding insert, so the recess of the at least one bridging recess faces the insert.

[0059] In other words, the bridging recess allows fluid communication between the channel and the first fluid volume. The proximal section can be close to and in fluid communication with the fluid port (which can be referred to as open or not closed by the web). The distal section can be away from the proximal section (and the port).

[0060] Preferably, the at least one fluid port is provided by a through-hole extending through the interconnect, the fluid guiding insert, and the metal support plate (i.e., the port is outside the central electrochemical active area—between the area and the periphery).

[0061] Preferably, the distal section of at least one elongated groove is open (in other words, it is not closed by the web).

[0062] In a third aspect, an electrochemical battery cell stack according to the above-described electrochemical battery cell is provided, comprising a plurality of electrochemical battery cells stacked together along a stacking direction, wherein a first side of a first battery cell interconnect forms a second fluid volume at intervals with respect to the outermost layer of the electrochemically active battery region of an adjacent battery cell, the second fluid volume being used for a second fluid therebetween. An electrically insulating coating prevents electrical contact between the adjacent battery cells and the adjacent battery cells outside the electrochemically active battery region.

[0063] Preferably, in the stack, the electrochemical cell is configured to confine a first fluid in a first fluid volume (e.g., between the second side of the interconnect and the first side of the cell layer / support plate, preferably enclosed by the interconnect and cell layer (support plate) of a given cell) and a second fluid in a second fluid volume (e.g., between the first side of the interconnect and the second side of the cell layer / support plate, preferably between the interconnect and cell layer of an adjacent cell), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second fluid volume is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first fluid volume.

[0064] In a fourth aspect, an interconnect for electrically connecting a metal-supported solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) battery is provided, comprising a first side and a second side, wherein the first side includes a first area adapted to face the active region of the metal-supported SOEC battery, and a second area including at least one electrically insulating region, wherein the second area is located outside the first area.

[0065] In a fifth aspect, a method is provided for manufacturing an interconnect for electrically connecting batteries in an electrochemical battery stack (preferably an electrolyzer battery cell), the method comprising providing an interconnect having a first side and a second side, the first side being adapted to face a battery layer containing an electrochemically active battery region, and providing an electrically insulating layer on a portion of the first side of the interconnect. Preferably, the first side of the interconnect is conductive in the area adapted to face the electrochemically active battery region.

[0066] Preferably, providing the interconnect includes providing conductive protrusions in the area suitable for contacting and spaced apart from the electrochemically active battery region. Preferably, providing the conductive protrusions includes pressing or forming the interconnect to provide a recess on a first side of the interconnect, the recess being suitable for contacting and spaced apart from the electrochemically active battery region; alternatively or additionally, providing the conductive protrusions includes printing or depositing conductive features on the first side of the interconnect, the conductive features being suitable for contacting and spaced apart from the electrochemically active battery region. Alternatively, providing the interconnect includes providing a porous layer in the area on the first side of the interconnect, the porous layer being suitable for contacting and spaced apart from the electrochemically active battery region.

[0067] Preferably, providing the electrical insulating layer includes using at least one of the following: (a) a wet deposition method such as screen printing, (b) a physical or chemical vapor deposition method, and (c) a wet spraying or plasma spraying method to deposit the electrical insulating layer on the electrical insulating portion of the first side of the interconnect.

[0068] Preferably, providing the electrical insulating layer further includes heating the interconnect after depositing the electrical insulating layer. This can densify the layer and / or improve the adhesion of the layer to the interconnect. The heating may include heating the interconnect to a temperature of at least 300°C, preferably at least 500°C, more preferably at least 800°C, and below 1200°C, preferably below 1000°C, more preferably below 900°C. The heating step may be performed in an oxidizing environment to coat the remaining portions of the interconnect (i.e., the portions not coated with the electrical insulating layer or other layers) with a thermally grown oxide layer.

[0069] Preferably, the electrical insulating layer is disposed on at least a portion of the periphery between the central area and the periphery of the interconnect.

[0070] Preferably, the interconnect includes providing at least one fluid port in its periphery, and an electrically insulating layer is disposed between at least one of: (a) the at least one fluid port and a central area, and (b) the at least one fluid port and the periphery of the interconnect. Preferably, the electrically insulating layer surrounds the at least one fluid port.

[0071] Preferably, the second side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to the first fluid, and the first side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to a second fluid different from the first fluid.

[0072] Preferably, the electrical insulating layer includes a dielectric layer.

[0073] Preferably, the electrical insulating layer comprises at least one of zirconium oxide and hafnium. Preferably, the thickness of the electrical insulating layer is between 0.001 mm and 0.5 mm, more preferably between 0.001 mm and 0.1 mm, even more preferably between 0.001 mm and 0.05 mm, and even more preferably between 0.005 mm and 0.02 mm.

[0074] Preferably, the interconnect is used in an electrolytic cell battery cell or an electrolytic cell battery stack.

[0075] In a sixth aspect, a method for manufacturing an electrochemical battery cell is provided, the method comprising: providing an interconnect having a first side and a second side by the above method, the first side being adapted to face a battery layer containing an electrochemically active battery region, the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer disposed on a portion of the first side of the interconnect; providing a battery layer containing an electrochemically active battery region; and stacking the battery layer and the interconnect to form an electrochemical battery cell.

[0076] More specifically, the sixth aspect may provide an electrochemical cell unit for an electrochemical cell stack, comprising: A battery layer is provided, the battery layer including a metal support plate having a first side and a second side, an electrochemically active battery region and an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area where the electrochemically active battery region is disposed, wherein the second side of the metal support plate supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above a porous region of the metal support plate. An interconnect having a first side and a second side is provided, the first side being adapted to face a battery layer and wherein a portion of the first side of the interconnect is provided with (e.g., coated) an electrically insulating layer, wherein the electrically insulating layer is provided on a portion of the first side of the interconnect; and The battery layer and interconnects are stacked to form an electrolytic cell battery cell (i.e., the first side of the interconnect is opposite to the second side of the metal support plate (in other words, it also faces the electrochemically active battery region) or the second side of the interconnect is opposite to the first side of the metal support plate), and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces the electrochemically inactive region.

[0077] The interconnects in the sixth aspect may be provided according to the fifth aspect. The interconnects and / or battery layer in the sixth aspect may be provided according to the first or second aspect.

[0078] Preferably, the battery layer has a central area that carries the electrochemically active battery region and a periphery between the electrochemically active battery region and the periphery of the battery layer, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect that is provided with an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the battery layer.

[0079] Preferably, the battery layer further includes an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area, in which an electrochemically active battery region is disposed, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces the electrochemically inactive region.

[0080] Preferably, the outermost layer of the electrochemical active cell region is provided with a protrusion suitable for facing the first side of the interconnect.

[0081] Preferably, the electrochemically active cell region includes a solid oxide electrolyte.

[0082] Preferably, the electrochemical cell unit is an electrolytic cell unit.

[0083] Preferably, the battery layer further includes a metal support plate that supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above the porous region in the center of the metal support plate.

[0084] Preferably, the central porous region of the metal support plate is surrounded by an outer periphery between the central porous region and the periphery of the metal support plate, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the metal support plate.

[0085] Preferably, the metal support plate has a first side and a second side, the second side of the metal support plate carries the electrochemical active battery region, and the first side of the metal support plate faces the second side of the interconnect.

[0086] Preferably, the second side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer to provide fluid volume therebetween, and is bonded and electrically connected around their periphery or periphery. Alternatively, the first side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer to provide fluid volume therebetween, and at least one electrically insulating pad is disposed therebetween.

[0087] In a seventh aspect, a method for manufacturing an electrochemical battery cell stack is provided, the method comprising: providing a plurality of electrochemical battery cells by the above method, each of the plurality of electrochemical battery cells having an electrically insulating coating on a portion of a first side of an interconnect; and stacking the plurality of electrochemical battery cells together in a stacking direction, wherein a first side of a first battery cell interconnect forms a second fluid volume at intervals to the outermost layer of the electrochemically active battery region of an adjacent battery cell, the second fluid volume being used for a second fluid therebetween.

[0088] To make the present invention easier to understand, various aspects of specific embodiments are now described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0089] Figure 1 This is an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell unit and two gaskets.

[0090] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The second perspective view is arranged, showing it from different angles.

[0091] Figure 2a yes Figure 1 and 2 Simplified cross-section of the arrangement.

[0092] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell.

[0093] Figure 4 This is a schematic plan view of the battery cell interconnects.

[0094] Figure 5 This is an exploded perspective view of the battery cell and two gaskets.

[0095] Figure 6A This is a plan view of an exemplary arrangement of battery cell interconnects.

[0096] Figure 6B It includes each containing corresponding Figure 6A An exploded perspective view of the arrangement of two battery cells stacked together by interconnects.

[0097] Figure 7A This is a plan view of another exemplary arrangement of battery cell interconnects.

[0098] Figure 7B It includes each containing corresponding Figure 7A An exploded perspective view of the arrangement of two battery cells stacked together by interconnects.

[0099] Figure 7C Show Figure 7B Two cross-sectional views of the arrangement.

[0100] Figure 8A This is a plan view of yet another exemplary arrangement of battery cell interconnects.

[0101] Figure 8B It includes each containing corresponding Figure 8A An exploded perspective view of the arrangement of two battery cells stacked together by interconnects.

[0102] Figure 8C Show Figure 8B Two cross-sectional views of the arrangement.

[0103] Figure 9 This is a plan view of an exemplary arrangement of battery cell interconnects.

[0104] Figure 10 This is a plan view of another exemplary arrangement of battery cell interconnects.

[0105] Figure 11 A method for manufacturing interconnects for electrically connecting electrochemical cell stacks is shown.

[0106] Figure 12A and 12B This is another exemplary interconnect and a battery cell including a fluid-guiding insert, a perspective view, a plan view, and a cross-sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only. Some drawings show only one or two electrochemical cell units (hereinafter referred to as "cell units") within a stack. In various embodiments, multiple cells are provided. In further embodiments (not shown), multiple electrochemical cell stacks are provided, and in even further embodiments, multiple electrochemical cell stacks, each comprising multiple electrochemical cells, are provided. It will be understood that anode and cathode inlets, outlets (exhaust gases), conduits, and manifolds, and their configurations, may be appropriately modified according to such embodiments, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0108] refer to Figures 3 to 1The battery unit described in 2 can be a fuel cell unit, such as an SOFC unit, or an electrolyzer battery unit, such as an SOEC unit.

[0109] Figure 3 A simplified schematic diagram of a battery cell is shown. It depicts a battery layer 314 and two adjacent separator plates 312a and 312b. It will be understood that these three components are merely exemplary, and a battery cell (i.e., a repeating cell) consists of a battery layer 314 and a separator plate (i.e., an interconnect) 312—either the battery layer with the interconnect on top or bottom—and multiple battery cells can be stacked on top of each other to form a battery cell stack.

[0110] The battery layer includes an electrochemically active battery region 350. The electrochemically active battery region 350 may be self-supporting (e.g., a fuel electrode support or an electrolyte support) or may be supported by a support plate (the support plate having a porous region 355 for fluid communication between the electrochemically active battery region 350 and a first fluid flow region).

[0111] The battery layer 314 and the separation plates 312a and 312b each have a first side and a second side. The first side 313a of each separation plate 312 faces the second side 315b of each battery layer 314. The second side 313b of each separation plate 312 faces the first side 315a of each battery layer 314.

[0112] A first fluid volume (or flow region) 360 is defined between a first side 315a of the battery layer 314 and a second side 313b of the separation plate 312. A second fluid volume (flow region) 365 is defined between the second side 315b of the battery layer 314 and the first side 313a of the separation plate 312.

[0113] The first fluid volume (flow region) 360 can be used to deliver a first fluid (e.g., fuel) to a first side of the battery layer 314 (i.e., the layer of the electrochemically active battery region 350 in fluid communication with the first fluid flow region 360, optionally through a porous region 355 of the support plate if the battery layer 314 includes a support plate supporting the electrochemically active battery region 350). The first fluid volume (flow region) 360 can also discharge electrochemical reaction products (and any unused fuel) from the electrochemically active battery region 350.

[0114] The second fluid volume (flow zone) 365 can be used to deliver a second fluid (e.g., an oxidant or purge gas) and / or discharge electrochemical reaction products from the electrochemically active cell region 350. During operation of the electrolyzer cell, purge gas can be supplied (and discharged) solely through the second fluid volume (flow zone) to assist in the generation of electrochemical cell reaction products. The purge gas can be, for example, oxygen, an oxidant, air, or other suitable gas.

[0115] Figure 3 The cross-sectional area of ​​the second fluid volume (flow region) 365 is smaller than that of the first fluid volume (flow region) 360. This difference in cross-sectional area can be defined by the fact that the height h2 366 of the second fluid volume (flow region) 365 is smaller than the height h1 361 of the first fluid volume (flow region) 360.

[0116] A battery cell (i.e., a repeating cell, multiple cells forming a stack) includes a battery layer 314 and a separator plate 312. In one example, a battery cell 300 is formed by the battery layer 314 and the separator plate 312a, such that the assembly encloses a first fluid volume (flow region) 360 between a second side 313b of the separator plate and a first side of the battery layer. When two battery cells 300 are stacked, a second fluid flow volume 365 is defined by the second side 315b of the battery layer 314 of the first battery cell 300 and the first side 313a of the separator plate 312b of the second adjacent (i.e., neighboring) battery cell 300, and may be referred to as the second fluid volume.

[0117] In one example, battery cell 370 is formed by battery layer 314 and separator plate 312b, such that the assembly encloses a second fluid volume (flow region) 365 between a first side 313a of separator plate 312b and a second side 315b of battery layer 314. When two battery cells 370 are stacked, the first fluid volume (flow region) 360 is defined by the first side 315a of battery layer 314 of first battery cell 300 and the second side 313b of separator plate 312a of second adjacent (i.e., neighboring) battery cell 370.

[0118] The cell layer is typically (basically) planar, at least within a 350° planar view area of ​​the electrochemical active cell region. The separator is typically formed from a planar sheet, such as a metal sheet.

[0119] Conductive features are preferably formed on the first side 313a of the separator 312. For example, they are conductive protrusions. Such protrusions can be printed features or features formed by pressing metal sheets. The protrusions can take the form of discrete pits; alternatively, they can take the form of ribs or other forms. They protrude into the corresponding fluid volume 365 and are in conductive contact with the electrochemically active cell region 350 (its second side 315b) of the battery layer 314, while simultaneously serving to space the battery layer 314 from the separator 312 above.

[0120] Instead of protrusions (e.g., pits), conductive features may include a porous layer formed (e.g., deposited or coated) on the first side 313a of the separator. Alternatively or additionally, the porous layer may be formed (e.g., deposited or coated) on the second side 315b of the battery layer 314, particularly on the electrochemical active cell region 350. Such porous layers may also be provided as separate components (e.g., expanded metal sheets or meshes in a stack).

[0121] Protrusions or other features may also be provided on the second side 313b of the separation plate 312, as shown in some of the following illustrations.

[0122] Raised or porous layers can also be used to transfer compressive forces between battery cells in a stack.

[0123] Figure 4 A simplified schematic plan view of the full range of the interconnect 400 as seen from its first side is shown, corresponding to Figure 3 The first side 313a. The first side of the interconnect may be exposed to the boundary of the second fluid volume, which may be used for air or an oxidant.

[0124] In this example, four first fluid ports 440 (described further below) are shown on the interconnect, each having an outer perimeter 430, although other numbers (at least one) of ports are also possible. An area 410 on the interconnect is also shown, containing electrical contact features of the electrochemically active battery region facing the underlying battery layer. This is the conductive area 410. The electrical contact features may include, for example, conductive bumps or pits adapted to contact the electrochemically active battery region and space the interconnect therefrom. This area 410 is preferably the central area of ​​the interconnect and may be referred to as the central area 410.

[0125] The area 420 outside the central area 410 on the interconnect is Figure 4 They are shown in shaded areas; they are mutually exclusive. In other words, this region 420, located between the central area 410 and the interconnect periphery 430, can be described as the periphery 420 of the interconnect. Port 440 is formed in the periphery 420.

[0126] review Figure 3 A schematic diagram, Figure 4 The central area 410 corresponds to the portion of the first side 313a of the interconnect 312b that directly faces the electrochemically active battery region 350 of the battery layer 314, and the periphery 420 corresponds to the remaining portion of the first side 313a of the interconnect 312b that faces the battery layer 314 but does not correspond to the electrochemically active battery region 350 of the battery layer 314.

[0127] As stated above, it is undesirable for any part of the interconnect to make electrical contact with the battery layer, except for the intended electrical contact between the electrochemically active cell region of the battery layer and the central portion of the interconnect. Such undesirable contact may occur if the interconnect deforms or bends during operation for any reason, or if the height 366 of the second fluid volume is particularly small, potentially causing a short circuit.

[0128] This document discloses that at least one electrical insulating means, such as an insulating layer, can be provided on at least a portion of the first side 313a of the interconnect, for example, in the periphery 420 of the electrochemically active region that does not face the battery layer (second side 315b).

[0129] This is advantageous in terms of electrically isolating the interconnects from the cell layers (except for the active regions), especially when the spacing between them is small. This is particularly true for electrolyzer cells (e.g., SOEC), where the first side of the interconnects is adapted to be exposed to the oxidant / oxygen volume, in which case the size of the oxidant volume can be reduced compared to fuel cell (e.g., SOFC) operation. The oxidant volume can be smaller compared to the fuel side of a fuel cell because the only fluid in the oxidant volume can be the fluid generated by the electrolyzer cell reaction (plus optional purge gas).

[0130] The insulating layer can be, but is not limited to, a dielectric layer. It is preferably an insulating material with a relative permittivity of less than 25, more preferably less than 20, more preferably less than 15, more preferably less than 10, and even more preferably less than 5. It can include, for example, glass ceramics. Further examples of insulating or coating materials include alumina, hafnium oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, and aluminosilicate (or magnesium silicate) based glasses.

[0131] The thickness of the insulating layer can be, for example, between about 1 micrometer and 500 micrometers. A smaller range between 1 micrometer and 100 micrometers is preferred, more preferably between 1 micrometer and 50 micrometers, and even more preferably between 5 micrometers and 20 micrometers. For example, an alumina coating about 1 micrometer thick (e.g., 0.5 to 2 micrometers) on steel has an insulating effect. The upper limit of the insulating layer thickness can correspond to the applicable battery cell design, for example, to the height of the recesses on the interconnects.

[0132] It should be noted that such insulation measures are applied to / on the interconnects, not the battery layers, and therefore do not interfere with the battery layer design. Although applying insulation or dielectric layers to the air side of the interconnects incurs additional manufacturing costs, it provides an effective method to prevent or reduce short circuits in the batteries and battery stacks.

[0133] Insulating layers can be deposited using various methods, such as: - Wet deposition methods, such as screen printing, casting, and ink transfer printing; - Physical or chemical vapor deposition methods (e.g., CVD, PVD, sputtering); - Wet spraying or plasma spraying methods.

[0134] Screen printing may be a particularly preferred method because it is easy to use.

[0135] Following deposition, further heat treatment may be required. For example, a sintering / oxidative heat treatment may be performed to increase the density of the insulating layer and enhance its adhesion to the interconnect steel. This heating may include heating the interconnect to a temperature of at least 300°C, preferably at least 500°C, more preferably at least 800°C, and below 1200°C, preferably below 1000°C, more preferably below 900°C. This heating step may be performed in an oxidizing environment to coat the remaining portions of the interconnect (i.e., the portions not coated with the electrical insulation layer or other layers) with a thermally grown oxide layer. It will be understood that some dielectric materials, such as glass-ceramic layers, may not require high-temperature sintering to increase their density, making them more suitable for use in interconnects.

[0136] The conductive bumps in the central area 410 may include recesses pressed or formed in the interconnect, said recesses being adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region. Alternatively or additionally, they may include features printed or deposited on a first side of the interconnect. Preferably, the bumps do not restrict fluid flow, i.e., they do not form or constitute channels. In such cases, each bump preferably has an aspect ratio (length-to-width ratio in a plan view) of less than 5, more preferably less than 2, and is preferably elliptical or circular in cross-section (in a plan view).

[0137] Preferably, the at least one port 440 or through-hole is provided on each side of the conductive area 410. They can be used to deliver a first or second fluid to a first or second fluid volume enclosed by the interconnect and battery layer.

[0138] An electrical insulating layer (or a portion thereof) may be provided between port 440 and central area 410. Alternatively, it may be provided between port 440 and interconnect periphery 430. Alternatively, it may be provided at other locations on the interconnect, as long as it is located away from central area 410. In principle, the insulating layer may be provided at locations where undesirable contact may occur. Note that the insulating layer may be provided below a gasket (i.e., between the interconnect and the gasket). This can be seen in the following example.

[0139] The second side of an interconnect can be conductive. However, the second side of an interconnect is typically electrically insulating, with the exception of sections (e.g., soldered sections) around the periphery or edge of the interconnect that connect to the battery layer to form a battery cell. For example, the second side of the interconnect can have an insulating coating, such as an aluminum oxide coating. Therefore, bumps or pits that contact the battery layer (on its first side / substrate) are electrically insulating.

[0140] The interconnect is adapted to have a spacer positioned around each of the at least one port for positioning between cell cells in an electrochemical cell stack. The spacer is positioned on a first side of the interconnect (and thus in contact with a second side of the cell layer). In cases where the interconnect has an electrically insulating coating around the port, the spacer contacts the electrically insulating coating. This advantageously helps prevent corrosion at the interface between the spacer and the interconnect. Furthermore, in such cases, the spacer does not need to be electrically insulating, thus allowing for a wider range of spacer material choices.

[0141] Figure 5 As a simple diagram intended only to aid understanding, it is Figure 2 A modified version is shown, in which an exemplary insulating layer 90 (shown as a shaded area) is located between port 22 and the central area containing protrusions / recesses 32 / 36. For simplicity, only one such insulating portion is shown here; preferably, other portions of the interconnect will also be provided with an insulating layer or coating.

[0142] Aspects of this disclosure are now described with reference to several examples of battery cells and their corresponding battery layers and interconnects (separation plates).

[0143] Figure 6A This is a plan view of the interconnect 600 as seen from the air side, with a perimeter 630. The interconnect design includes protrusions (pressed or formed recesses) on both sides. A protrusion in the central area 610 (facing the electrochemically active cell region of the corresponding cell layer (not shown)) and four fluid ports 640 in the perimeter 620 are shown. The perimeter may also be referred to as the peripheral area.

[0144] As described above, an electrically insulating layer 690 (e.g., in the form of a coating) can be provided in the peripheral area 620 outside the central area 610 (the central area 610 has a series of recesses protruding into and out of the image plane, and those recesses protruding out of the plane (protrusions on the first side of the interconnect) are adapted to contact the electrochemically active battery region of the battery layer). This layer 690 can be a continuous area or can be provided as several discrete portions or segments. For example: - A coating 690a can be provided between the two ports 640 in the outer area 620; - A coating 690b can be provided between port 640 and perimeter 630 in the outer area 620; - A coating 690c (not shown in shadow, for clarity) can be set in the outer area 620 to surround and / or cover the port 640; - A coating 690d can be provided in the outer area 620 between the port 640 and the central area 610; - A coating 690e can be applied between the central area 610 and the perimeter 630 within the outer area 620.

[0145] It will be understood that all these coatings or sections thereof may be included in the interconnect according to this disclosure, or only one or some of them. In other words, the areas with insulating means described separately above may be provided in a single interconnect, replacing or adding to each other. In the case of providing multiple coatings 690a to 690e, it will be understood that they are preferably continuous (the gaps between the areas of the coatings 690a to 690e are shown for clarity) and preferably deposited or formed in the same process step. Insulation means are preferably provided at the corners of the interconnect and / or in areas away from the gaskets and recess supports.

[0146] Figure 6B It corresponds to Figure 6A An exploded perspective view shows two battery cells, each including an interconnect 600 and a battery layer 650, arranged in a stacked configuration. A spacer 670 may be provided between the interconnect and the adjacent battery layer, on a first side of the interconnect. The insulating coating portion 690 of each of the above "types" is illustrated (only one of each type 690a-e is illustrated for clarity). It will be noted that the recess surrounding port 640 forms a protrusion on the second side of the interconnect, facing the battery layer 650. The coating 690c surrounds the port and the concave side of the recess surrounding the port, and the spacer 670 contacts the planar portion of the interconnect surrounding the port.

[0147] In this case, the battery layer 650 includes a metal support plate. The second side of the metal support plate supports or has deposited / coated with electrochemically active battery regions. Figure 6B(Not shown in the image). A porous region 648, similar to the previously described porous region 48, is provided in the metal support plate to allow communication between the first side of the metal support plate (the second side facing the interconnect) and the electrochemically active cell region, particularly the electrode, typically a fuel electrode, carried, coated, or deposited on the second side of the metal support plate. The outermost surface of the outermost electrode of the electrochemically active cell region (typically an oxidant electrode) together with the second side of the metal support plate forms the second side of the battery layer 650. The electrochemically active cell region is disposed in the central area of ​​the battery layer 650 (corresponding to the porous region 648), which is surrounded by the periphery of the battery layer, which is electrochemically inactive. An electrically insulating coating on the first side of the interconnect faces (e.g., consistent with it in the plan view) at least a portion of the electrochemically inactive portion of the second side of the battery layer, such as facing the metal support plate (periphery) not covered by the electrochemically active cell region. In this way, the electrically insulating coating prevents electrical contact (and associated short circuits) between the first side of the interconnect and the second side of the battery layer—more specifically, in this case, between the periphery of the first side of the interconnect and the periphery of the second side of the battery layer.

[0148] A raised recess is formed on the first side of the interconnect protruding toward (and contacting in the cell stack) the second side of the battery layer to space the components and provide a (second) fluid volume, typically for an oxidant. A raised recess is formed on the second side of the interconnect protruding toward (and contacting in the cell stack) the first side of the battery layer—in the case of FIG. 6b, a metal support plate—to space the components and provide a (first) fluid volume, typically for a fuel. Ports through the interconnect and the battery layer typically supply and discharge (first) fluid to this (first) fluid volume. The recess is located in the central area of ​​the interconnect and is surrounded by an outer perimeter between the central area and the periphery of the interconnect. The central area of ​​the interconnect corresponds to (e.g., consistent with it in a plan view) the electrochemically active cell region of the battery layer. The recess shown in FIG. 6, as Figure 5 As shown, the interconnects employ a pressed or formed feature (i.e., the original plane of the interconnect has been bent to provide a recess).

[0149] Note that these protrusions may also include at least one of the following: a plurality of ribs extending from the second side of the interconnect toward the first side of the battery layer, a plurality of discrete protrusions extending from the second side of the interconnect toward the first side of the battery layer, or a porous layer.

[0150] Figure 7AThis is a plan view of another interconnect 700, seen from the first side of the interconnect, with a perimeter 730. The interconnect design includes protrusions (including protrusions formed by selective removal—e.g., by machining or etching—of portions of a homogeneously deposited or printed layer) deposited or printed on the first side of the interconnect, as seen in the central area 710, facing the second side of the battery layer. These protrusions replace corresponding formed or pressed pits (forming outward protrusions on the first side of the interconnect) but provide a similar function (spaced the first side of the interconnect from the second side of the battery layer, providing a (second) fluid volume). Four ports 740 are provided in the peripheral area 720, but it will be understood that more or fewer ports may be provided.

[0151] Similar to Figure 5 and Figure 6B The interconnect in Figure 7 has a flange edge / periphery, and the battery layer (e.g., a metal support plate) and the interconnect are connected around the flange periphery (sealed), for example by welding, such that the second side of the interconnect contacts the periphery around the first side of the battery layer (metal support plate). It will be understood that the metal support plate can instead have a flange periphery. Alternatively, both the metal support plate and the interconnect can have flange peripheries extending toward and contacting each other to provide the full height of the enclosed volume between the second side of the interconnect and the first side of the battery layer. It will be noted that the electrical insulating layer 690 is depicted not covering the flange periphery—in practice, it is generally unnecessary to do so, as the flange periphery results in a relatively large gap between the second side of the battery layer and the first side of the interconnect at the flange periphery.

[0152] Similar to Figure 6, an electrically insulating layer 790 (e.g., in the form of a coating) is provided outside the central area 710 within the periphery 720. This layer 790 can be a continuous region or disposed in several discrete portions or sections. For example: - A coating 790a can be provided between the two ports 740 in the peripheral area 720; - A coating 790b may be provided between port 740 and perimeter 730 in the peripheral area 720; - A coating 790c (not shown in shaded form for clarity) may be provided in the peripheral area 720 to surround and / or cover the port 740; - A coating 790d can be provided in the outer area 720 between the port 740 and the central area 710; - A coating 790e can be provided between the central area 710 and the perimeter 730 in the outer area 720.

[0153] Figure 7B It corresponds to Figure 7AAn exploded perspective view showing two battery cells, each including an interconnect 700 and a battery layer 750, arranged in a stacked configuration. A spacer 770 may be provided between the interconnect and the adjacent battery layer, on the first side of the interconnect. The insulating coating portion 790 for each of the above "types" is illustrated (for clarity, only one of each type 790b-d is shown).

[0154] Figure 7C Provided Figure 7B Two cross-sectional views of the battery cell. The upper cross-section along... Figure 7B The line AA is cut off, and the lower cross section is along Figure 7B The line BB is cut off. The battery cells are shown in a stacked arrangement only to help understand the battery cell structure according to this example. The electrochemically active region 752 on the battery layer 750 can be seen. The thickly shaded areas show the included locations of the insulating layer portions 790a, 790e. Other layer portions such as 790b / c / d may be added or alternatively included, but are not shown in the image. Figure 7C The cross-section is shown. A downward protrusion 794 (e.g., printed or deposited) on the first side of the interconnect and an upward protrusion 792 (recess, pressed or formed in the interconnect) on the second side of the interconnect are also shown.

[0155] Figure 8A This is a plan view of another interconnect 800 seen from the air side, with a perimeter 830. This interconnect design includes a protrusion (downward), as seen in the central area 810, facing the battery layer. Four ports 840 are provided in the peripheral area 820. The interconnect has no flange edges / perimeter, but rather... Figure 8B The spacer plate 880 is shown.

[0156] Similar to Figures 6 and 7, an electrical insulating layer 890 (e.g., in the form of a coating) can be provided in the periphery 820 outside the central area 810. This layer 890 can be a continuous region or disposed in several discrete portions or sections. For example: - A coating 890a can be provided between the two ports 840 in the peripheral area 820; - A coating 890b may be provided between port 840 and perimeter 830 in the peripheral area 820; - A coating 890c (not shown in shaded form for clarity) may be provided in the peripheral area 820 to surround and / or cover port 840; - A coating 890d can be provided in the outer area 820 between the port 840 and the central area 810; - A coating 890e can be provided between the central area 810 and the perimeter 830 in the outer area 820.

[0157] Figure 8BIt corresponds to Figure 8A An exploded perspective view shows two battery cells, each including an interconnect 800 and a battery layer 850, arranged in a stacked configuration. It can be seen that instead of the interconnect having a flange periphery, each battery cell provides a spacer 880 to help space the plates and define the fluid volume therebetween. The interconnect, spacer, and battery layer (metal support plate) are connected around their periphery (sealed), for example by welding three plates together. In this case, the second side of the interconnect is spaced apart from and relative to the first side of the battery layer (metal support plate) (except for contacting protrusions), the spacing being provided by the spacer between the second side of the interconnect and the first side of the battery layer (metal support plate). A gasket 870 may be provided between the interconnect and the adjacent battery layer, on the first side of the interconnect. The insulating coating portion 890 of each of the above "types" is illustrated (only one of each type 890a-e is illustrated for clarity).

[0158] Figure 8C Provided Figure 8B Two cross-sectional views of the battery cell. The upper cross-section along... Figure 8B The line AA is cut off, and the lower cross section is along Figure 8B Line BB is cut off. The battery cells are shown in a stacked arrangement only to aid in understanding the battery cell structure according to this example. The electrochemically active region 852 on battery layer 850 can be seen. The thickly shaded areas show the inclusion locations of insulating layer portions 890a, 890e. Other layer portions such as 890b / c / d may be additionally or alternatively included, but are not shown in the figure. Figure 8C It is shown in the cross-section.

[0159] Figures 7 and 8 show printed or deposited protrusions on the first side of the interconnect. It will be understood that such printed or deposited protrusions can be additionally or alternatively provided on the second side of the battery layer (particularly on the outermost layer of the electrochemically active cell region). Similar to the protrusions in Figures 7 and 8, said protrusions on the second side of the battery layer can be selectively removed—for example, by machining or etching—to provide portions of a homogeneously deposited or printed layer, or portions of the outermost electrode (e.g., an air electrode) of the electrochemically active cell region. These protrusions serve to space the first side of the interconnect from the second side of the battery layer to form a (second) fluid volume therebetween.

[0160] Figure 9 and Figure 10 Further variations were shown.

[0161] Figure 9An interconnect 900 with a periphery 930 and six fluid ports 940 is shown (which can be used for supplying and discharging a first fluid volume, enclosed between a second side of the interconnect and a first side of the battery layer, for example, for fuel). Similar to the previous example, one or more insulating layer portions 990 are provided in the periphery 920 outside the central area 910. Portions 990a / b / c / d / e each correspond (in terms of their position relative to other interconnect features) to 690a / b / c / d / e, 790a / b / c / d / e, and 890a / b / c / d / e, and will not be described in detail here.

[0162] Figure 10 An interconnect 1000 is shown with a perimeter 1030 and two fuel / fluid ports 1040; unlike other examples, the ports 1040 are not located at the corners of the interconnect, but rather towards the center of the interconnect's width (similar to...). Figure 5 Similar to the previous example, one or more insulating layer portions 1090 are provided in the periphery 1020 outside the central area 1010. Portions 1090b / c / d / e each correspond (in terms of their position relative to other interconnect features) to 690b / c / d / e, 790b / c / d / e, and 890b / c / d / e, and will not be described in detail here.

[0163] The interconnects (also called separators) described in the above examples each include an electrically insulating layer (either as a monolithic layer or as multiple unconnected portions, i.e., islands), forming an electrochemical cell unit with the corresponding battery layer. Multiple electrochemical cell units are stacked together along the stacking direction to form an electrochemical stack, such as... Figure 7B and 8B Partially shown.

[0164] The electrochemical cell unit and electrochemical cell stack according to this disclosure are now further described.

[0165] An electrochemical cell for an electrochemical cell stack includes the aforementioned interconnects and a cell layer containing electrochemically active cell regions. The cell layer and interconnects are stacked to form an electrochemical cell, creating a fluid volume for a first fluid at intervals. The cell layer may have a central area carrying the electrochemically active cell regions. It also includes a periphery between the electrochemically active cell regions and the periphery of the cell layer, which may be described as a region outside the active cell regions or an electrochemically inactive region. A portion of the first side of the interconnect, provided with an electrically insulating layer, is aligned with a portion of the peripheral area of ​​the cell layer (e.g., a portion of the peripheral area of ​​the cell layer facing an adjacent cell).

[0166] The battery layer can also be described as including an electrochemically inactive region located outside (e.g., surrounding) a central area where an electrochemically active battery region is disposed. This electrochemically inactive region may correspond to the periphery of the battery layer described above.

[0167] The electrochemically active battery region of the battery layer may include a solid oxide electrolyte. For example, the electrochemical battery cell is a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) cell. The battery layer may also include a metal support plate that supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above a central porous region of a metal support plate. The central porous region of the metal support plate may be surrounded by a periphery between the central porous region and the periphery of the metal support plate, wherein a portion of the first side of the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the metal support plate.

[0168] The metal support plate has a first side and a second side. The second side carries the electrochemical active cell region, and the first side faces the second side of the interconnect. A porous region provides fluid communication between the first and second sides of the metal support plate.

[0169] Preferably, the second side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer (the first side of the metal support plate) to provide and preferably enclose a (first) volume therebetween, preferably for a fluid volume of fuel; they are also electrically connected directly or indirectly, for example, by means of flange periphery or spacer, around their periphery or periphery (e.g., by periphery welding).

[0170] The first side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer (the second side of the metal support plate) to provide a (second) volume therebetween, with at least one electrically insulating pad disposed therebetween. This fluid volume can be used for fuel.

[0171] An electrochemical cell stack may include multiple electrochemical cell units stacked together along a stacking direction. A first side of a first cell interconnect forms a (second) fluid volume for a (second) fluid at intervals relative to the outermost layer (e.g., the second side of a metal support plate) of the electrochemically active cell region of an adjacent cell. This second fluid may be an oxidant and / or oxygen.

[0172] The battery cell stack may also include one or more spacers between adjacent battery cells, the spacers contacting a first side of the interconnect and the battery layer (on a second side of the metal support plate), preferably the spacers contacting an electrically insulating layer on the first side of the interconnect.

[0173] The interconnects and battery layers / metal support plates may be provided with ports / through-holes for supplying fluid to and from the first fluid volume. These ports are preferably aligned along the stacking direction and surrounded by corresponding gaskets.

[0174] Figure 12 shows another example battery cell, including interconnects with an electrical insulating layer. Figure 12A The exploded perspective view below and above is displayed. Figure 12B A plan view of the first side of the interconnect and a cross-section of a battery cell (as shown in the plan view, ZZ) are displayed. In this example, each battery cell has two fluid ports, similar to... Figure 5 However, there can be other numbers of fluid ports (e.g., 1, 3, 4, 6, etc.). However, with... Figure 5 In contrast, the fluid guiding insert 1253 is disposed around the corresponding fluid port and is provided with at least one elongated slot 1254 (also referred to as a channel, in this case three slots or channels, but there may be more or fewer, such as 2, 4, 5) for fluid communication with the (first) fluid volume closed between the second side of the interconnect and the first side of the battery layer.

[0175] A fluid guiding insert 1253 is associated with a fluid inlet port. The fluid guiding insert 1253 is arranged such that an aperture 1256 facilitates the formation of a through-hole through the battery cell, i.e., the fluid inlet port. The fluid guiding insert 1253 associated with the fluid inlet port is configured to deliver fluid from the fluid inlet port to a fluid volume. Specifically, fluid can reach the enclosed fluid volume from the fluid inlet port through an elongated slot 1254 of the insert 1253. The fluid guiding insert 1253 can distribute fluid along a direction perpendicular to the direction between the inlet and vent ports. Therefore, the fluid guiding insert 1253 associated with the fluid inlet port can support a uniform distribution of fluid within the fluid volume, i.e., the width range of the battery cell. A second fluid guiding insert 1253 is associated with a fluid vent port (also referred to as an outlet port). It will be understood that multiple inlet and vent ports can be provided, each port can be associated with a fluid guiding insert, or multiple ports can be associated with a single fluid guiding insert (e.g., one fluid guiding insert for multiple inlet ports and a second fluid guiding insert for multiple vent ports).

[0176] The fluid guiding insert 1253 is configured to be flat (e.g., as a separate plate or component). In the assembled battery cell, the first surface of the fluid guiding insert 1253 is in direct contact with the opposite surface (first side) of the battery layer, i.e., the support plate 14. The second surface of the fluid guiding insert 1253 is in direct contact with the opposite surface (second side) of the interconnect 12. Therefore, the fluid guiding insert 1253 can transmit compressive forces between the battery layer and the interconnect plate 12 (indicated by arrows in FIG. 12). This can increase the mechanical stability of the battery cell. Specifically, the fluid guiding insert 1253 can prevent deformation of the battery layer and the interconnect 12.

[0177] In this example, the proximal section of the elongated slot 1254 is open. That is, the proximal section opens into the inlet 1256. In this example, the distal section of the elongated slot 1254 is closed by a corresponding web 1262. This increases the mechanical stability of the fluid guiding insert 1253. The interconnect 12 includes several bridging recesses 1268 that extend from the fluid guiding insert 1253 and across the corresponding web 1262 to form a fluid bypass around the web 1262. Thus, the bridging recesses 1268 fluidly connect the corresponding elongated slot 1254 to the closed fluid volume around the web 1262. In this example, each elongated slot 1254 is associated with a respective bridging recess 1268. Alternatively, several webs 1262 may be associated with a common bridging recess 1268, or several bridging recesses 1268 may be associated with a common web 1262. It will be understood that an elongated slot can be open at its distal end without compromising the structural integrity of the fluid guiding insert 1253. In such cases, a bridging recess is not required to achieve fluid communication between the port and the enclosed fluid volume via the elongated slot open at its distal end.

[0178] In this example, the bridging recess 1268 is formed or pressed into the interconnect 12. Preferably, the bridging recess 1268 is formed or pressed in the same steps as the upward protrusion 32 and downward protrusion 36 of the interconnect 12 and / or the periphery of the flange of the tubular interconnect 12. Alternatively, the bridging recess may be formed or pressed into the support plate 14.

[0179] On the first side of the interconnect plate 12 (facing away from the enclosed fluid volume), the bridging recess 1268 forms a protrusion extending from the enclosed fluid volume. The gasket 34 is positioned directly adjacent to the protrusion of the bridging recess 1268. The outer periphery of the gasket 34 is in direct contact with the protrusion. Therefore, the protrusion restricts the movement of the gasket 34.

[0180] On the first side of the interconnect plate 12 (facing away from the fluid guiding insert), a bridging recess 1268 forms a protrusion extending from the fluid guiding insert and toward the second side of the battery layer, which in this specific example is the second side of the support plate 14. An insulating layer 1290 is provided on the first side of the interconnect and the bridging recess 1268 (the convex side of the bridging recess protruding outwards, i.e., the first side of the interconnect). In some cases, only the bridging recesses may be coated with the insulating layer 1290 (provided in an island-like form, each island covering each bridging recess), because the convex side of the bridging recess (i.e., the first side of the interconnect) is the portion of the interconnect closest to the second side of the battery layer outside the downward protrusion 36. However, the insulating layer may also be provided on other portions of the first side of the interconnect (aligned with or facing the electrochemically inactive region), as described with reference to the previous figures.

[0181] According to one aspect of this disclosure, reference is now made to Figure 11 A method for manufacturing an interconnect for electrically connecting cells in an electrochemical cell stack (preferably an SOEC stack) is described. Method 1100 includes providing an interconnect having a first side and a second side, the first side being adapted to face a cell layer that preferably includes an electrochemically active cell region in a central area (step 1110). The method further includes providing an electrically insulating layer on a portion of the first side of the interconnect outside the central area (step 1120); the insulating layer may be provided on said portion by coating or deposition.

[0182] Additional steps or preferred aspects of the method may include one or more of the following: Providing an interconnect may include providing conductive bumps in an area facing the electrochemically active cell region that are suitable for contacting and spaced apart from the electrochemically active cell region. Providing conductive bumps may include pressing or forming the interconnect to provide a recess on a first side of the interconnect, and / or printing or depositing conductive features on the first side of the interconnect. Providing an interconnect may additionally or alternatively include providing a porous layer on the first side of the interconnect.

[0183] Providing an electrical insulating layer may include using at least one of the following: (a) a wet deposition method such as screen printing, (b) a physical or chemical vapor deposition method, and (c) a wet spraying or plasma spraying method to deposit the electrical insulating layer on the electrical insulating portion of the first side of the interconnect.

[0184] Providing an electrical insulating layer may include heating the interconnect after depositing the electrical insulating layer. The heating may include heating the interconnect to a temperature of at least 300°C, preferably at least 500°C, more preferably at least 800°C, and below 1200°C, preferably below 1000°C, more preferably below 900°C. The heating step may be performed in an oxidizing environment to coat the remaining portions of the interconnect (i.e., the portions not coated with the electrical insulating layer or other layers) with a thermally grown oxide layer.

[0185] - An electrical insulating layer may be disposed on at least a portion of the peripheral area between the central area and the periphery of the interconnect.

[0186] Providing an interconnect may include providing at least one port in the periphery, wherein an electrical insulating layer is disposed between at least one of: (a) the at least one port and a central area, and (b) the at least one port and the periphery of the interconnect. The electrical insulating layer surrounds the at least one port.

[0187] - The second side of the interconnect may be adapted to be exposed to the first fluid, and the first side of the interconnect may be adapted to be exposed to a second fluid different from the first fluid.

[0188] - Electrical insulation layers may include dielectric layers.

[0189] - The electrical insulating layer may have a thickness between 1 micrometer and 500 micrometers, preferably between 1 micrometer and 50 micrometers, and more preferably between 5 micrometers and 20 micrometers.

[0190] - Interconnectors can be used in electrolytic cell cells or electrolytic cell stacks.

[0191] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing an electrochemical battery cell is now described. The method includes providing an interconnect having a first side and a second side by means of the method described above or by providing an interconnect (where an electrically insulating layer is disposed on a portion of a first side of the interconnect), the first side being adapted to face a battery layer containing electrochemically active battery regions, the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer disposed on a portion of the first side of the interconnect. The method further includes providing a battery layer containing electrochemically active battery regions. The method further includes stacking the battery layer and the interconnect to form an electrochemical battery cell.

[0192] Additional steps or preferred aspects of the method may include one or more of the following: - The battery layer may have a central area that carries the electrochemically active battery region and an outer periphery between the electrochemically active battery region and the periphery of the battery layer, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect that is provided with an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the battery layer.

[0193] - The battery layer may also include an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area where an electrochemically active battery region is disposed, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect where an electrically insulating layer is disposed may be aligned with or face the electrochemically inactive region.

[0194] - The outermost layer of the electrochemical active cell region may be provided with a protrusion suitable for facing the first side of the interconnect.

[0195] - The electrochemically active cell region may include a solid oxide electrolyte.

[0196] - An electrochemical cell unit can be an electrolytic cell unit.

[0197] - The battery layer may also include a metal support plate that supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above the porous region in the center of the metal support plate.

[0198] - The central porous area of ​​the metal support plate can be surrounded by the periphery between the central porous area and the metal support plate, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect with the electrically insulating layer can be aligned with or face a portion of the periphery of the metal support plate.

[0199] - The metal support plate may have a first side and a second side, the second side of the metal support plate carrying the electrochemical active cell region, and the first side of the metal support plate facing the second side of the interconnect.

[0200] - The second side of the interconnect and the battery layer can be spaced apart to provide fluid volume therebetween, and are joined and electrically connected around their periphery or periphery.

[0201] - The first side of the interconnect and the battery layer may be spaced apart to provide fluid volume therebetween, and at least one electrically insulating pad is disposed therebetween.

[0202] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing a stack of electrochemical battery cells is described herein. The method includes providing a plurality of electrochemical battery cells by the method described above, each of the plurality of electrochemical battery cells having an electrically insulating coating on a portion of a first side of an interconnect. The method further includes stacking the plurality of electrochemical battery cells together in a stacking direction, wherein a first side of the first battery cell interconnect forms a second fluid volume at intervals opposite to the outermost layer of the electrochemically active cell region of an adjacent electrochemical battery cell, for use with a second fluid therebetween.

[0203] This invention is not limited to the aspects and embodiments described above, and many variations are within the scope of the appended claims. Various aspects and embodiments can be combined where necessary and appropriate. The accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples to aid in understanding the invention.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell unit for use in an electrochemical cell stack, comprising: A battery layer includes a metal support plate having a first side and a second side, an electrochemically active battery region, and an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area, wherein the electrochemically active battery region is disposed in the central area, and wherein the second side of the metal support plate supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above a porous region of the metal support plate. as well as An interconnect having a first side and a second side, the first side of the interconnect adapted to face the battery layer, and a portion of the first side of the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer. The battery layer and the interconnect are stacked on top of each other to form the electrochemical battery cell, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect having an electrically insulating layer is aligned with or faces the electrochemically inactive region.

2. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 1, wherein the first side of the interconnect is conductive in an area adapted to face the electrochemical active cell region.

3. The electrochemical battery cell of claim 2, wherein the area includes conductive protrusions adapted to contact the electrochemical active battery region and space the interconnect from the electrochemical active battery region.

4. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 3, wherein the protrusion comprises a recess pressed or formed in the interconnect, the recess being adapted to contact the electrochemical active cell region.

5. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 3, wherein the protrusion comprises a feature printed or deposited on the first side of the interconnect.

6. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 2, wherein the area includes a porous layer adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active cell region.

7. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outermost layer of the electrochemical active battery region is provided with a protrusion adapted to face a first side of the interconnect.

8. The electrochemical cell cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the interconnect has a central area and a periphery between the central area and the periphery of the interconnect, and the electrically insulating layer is disposed on at least a portion of the periphery.

9. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 8, further comprising at least one fluid port disposed in the periphery, wherein the electrically insulating layer is disposed at at least in at least one of the following locations: (a) between the at least one fluid port and the central area, and (b) between the at least one fluid port and the periphery of the interconnect.

10. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 9, wherein the electrically insulating layer surrounds the at least one fluid port.

11. The electrochemical cell cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the interconnect has at least one bridging recess, the bridging recess forming a protrusion on a first side of the interconnect and a corresponding recess forming on a second side of the interconnect, the recess being for fluid guidance on the second side of the interconnect, and the electrically insulating layer being disposed on the at least one bridging recess.

12. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 11, wherein, when claim 9 or 10 is cited, the at least one fluid port is in fluid communication with a first fluid volume disposed between the interconnect and the metal support plate, the electrochemical cell cell further comprising a fluid guiding insert disposed in the first fluid volume, the fluid guiding insert comprising a plurality of elongated grooves formed therein, the elongated grooves defining a fluid channel system for conveying fluid between the at least one fluid port and the first fluid volume via the at least one bridging recess.

13. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 12, wherein each of the elongated slots has a distal section, wherein the distal section of at least one of the elongated slots is closed by the web of the fluid guiding insert, and wherein the at least one bridging recess extends from the fluid guiding insert and across the web to form a fluid bypass around the web.

14. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 13, wherein at least one of the elongated slots has an open distal section.

15. The electrochemical cell cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to a first fluid, and the first side of the interconnect is adapted to be exposed to a second fluid different from the first fluid.

16. The electrochemical cell cell of claim 15, configured to confine the first fluid in a first fluid volume and the second fluid in a second fluid volume, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second fluid volume is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first fluid volume.

17. The electrochemical cell cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically insulating layer comprises a dielectric layer.

18. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the electrically insulating layer is between 1 micrometer and 500 micrometers, preferably between 1 micrometer and 50 micrometers.

19. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrochemical active battery region comprises a solid oxide electrolyte.

20. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrochemical battery cell is an electrolytic cell cell.

21. The electrochemical cell cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous region of the metal support plate is surrounded by a periphery between the central porous region and the periphery of the metal support plate, and the portion of the electrically insulating layer disposed on the first side of the interconnect is aligned with or faces a portion of the periphery of the metal support plate.

22. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal support plate has a first side and a second side, the second side of the metal support plate carries the electrochemical active battery region, and the first side of the metal support plate faces the second side of the interconnect.

23. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer to provide a first fluid volume therebetween, and is bonded and electrically connected around the second side of the interconnect and the periphery of the battery layer.

24. The electrochemical battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein a first side of the interconnect is spaced apart from the battery layer to provide a first fluid volume therebetween, and has at least one gasket disposed therebetween.

25. A stack of electrochemical battery cells according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising a plurality of electrochemical battery cells stacked together along a stacking direction, wherein a first side of an interconnect of a first battery cell forms a second fluid volume at intervals to the outermost layer of the electrochemical active cell region of an adjacent battery cell, the second fluid volume being used for a second fluid therebetween.

26. An interconnect for electrically connecting a battery in a metal-supported solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC), comprising a first side and a second side, wherein the first side includes: The first area suitable for the active region facing the metal-supported SOEC cell, and A second area comprising at least one electrically insulating region, wherein the second area is located outside the first area.

27. A method for manufacturing an electrochemical battery cell, the method comprising: A battery layer is provided, the battery layer including a metal support plate having a first side and a second side, an electrochemically active battery region and an electrochemically inactive region surrounding a central area, wherein the electrochemically active battery region is disposed in the central area, wherein the second side of the metal support plate supports the electrochemically active battery region disposed above a porous region of the metal support plate. An interconnect having a first side and a second side is provided, the first side of the interconnect being adapted to face a battery layer and wherein a portion of the first side of the interconnect is provided with an electrically insulating layer, wherein the electrically insulating layer is disposed on a portion of the first side of the interconnect; and The battery layer and the interconnect are stacked together to form an electrochemical battery cell, and the portion of the first side of the interconnect where the electrically insulating layer is disposed is aligned with or faces the electrochemically inactive region.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first side of the interconnect is conductive in an area adapted to face the electrochemically active cell region.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein providing the interconnect comprises: Conductive protrusions are provided in the area to contact the electrochemically active battery region and to space the interconnect from the electrochemically active battery region.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein providing the conductive bump comprises: The interconnect is pressed or formed to provide a recess on a first side of the interconnect, the recess being adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active cell region.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein providing the conductive bump comprises: Conductive features are printed or deposited on a first side of the interconnect, the conductive features being adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active cell region.

32. The method of claim 28, wherein providing the interconnect comprises: In the area, a porous layer is provided on a first side of the interconnect, the porous layer being adapted to contact the electrochemically active cell region and space the interconnect from the electrochemically active cell region.

33. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 32, wherein the electrical insulating layer is provided by using at least one of the following: (a) a wet deposition method, such as screen printing, (b) a physical or chemical vapor deposition method, and (c) a wet spraying or plasma spraying method to deposit the electrical insulating portion of the first side of the interconnect.

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising heating the interconnect after depositing the electrically insulating layer.

35. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, wherein the interconnect and / or the battery layer is the interconnect and / or battery layer according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

36. A method for manufacturing a stack of electrochemical battery cells, the method comprising: A plurality of electrochemical cell units are provided by the method according to any one of claims 27 to 35, each of the plurality of electrochemical cell units having an electrically insulating coating disposed on a portion of a first side of an interconnect; The plurality of electrochemical battery cells are stacked on top of each other along a stacking direction, wherein the first side of the interconnect of the first battery cell forms a second fluid volume at intervals with respect to the outermost layer of the electrochemical active cell region of the adjacent electrochemical battery cell, and the second fluid volume is used for the second fluid therebetween.

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