Insect pest prevention and control method for brassicaceous vegetables

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and discloses an insect pest prevention and control method for brassicaceous vegetables. The method comprises the following steps: raising seedlings of cruciferous vegetable seeds, and controlling insect pests by using chemical pesticides in the vegetable growth process. Main insect pests of cruciferous vegetables include cabbage caterpillars, plutella xylostella, aleyrodid, aphids, beet armyworms, grubs, prodenia litura, mamestra brassicae, agrotis ypsilon, phyllotreta striolata, radish borer, simian insects and the like, when the insect pests occur, chemical pesticides are used for controlling the insect pests, the chemical pesticides comprise fenpropathrin and chlorbenzuron as effective components, and the chemical pesticides are used for controlling the insect pests. The suspending agent composition is prepared by adding an auxiliary agent and a synergist into the effective components, is used for preventing and treating brassicaceous vegetable insect pests, especially has a very good effect on cabbage plutella xylostella, not only solves the problem of insect pests in the cabbage growth period, but also reduces the pesticide use amount, solves the problems that pesticide residues are easy to exceed the standard and the safety interval is long, and has a good application prospect. And the purposes of pesticide reduction and synergism are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology, specifically to a method for controlling pests in cruciferous vegetables. Background Technology

[0002] Among various types of vegetables, cabbage is the most recommended by nutritionists. Cruciferous vegetables are rich in nutrients, containing bioactive substances such as carotenoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, and sulforaphane, and have been developed into a variety of functional nutritional vegetable products.

[0003] Cruciferous vegetables include cabbage, kale, mustard greens, and radishes. With the upgrading of residents' consumption, the demand for green, healthy, and high-quality vegetables is strong, and the supply gap is widening. How to standardize and regulate these vegetables, promote high-quality development in specialty vegetable growing areas, and reduce pesticide use and residues are urgent technical challenges that need to be addressed.

[0004] Major pests of cruciferous vegetables include cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, whiteflies, aphids, beet armyworms, grubs, beet armyworms, cabbage cutworms, cutworms, yellow-striped flea beetles, radish borers, and leaf miners.

[0005] The diamondback moth is a global pest, occurring throughout China, and is a major pest of the Brassicaceae family. Due to its large infestation area, long duration of damage, small size, limited food supply, ease of evasion, short life cycle, high reproductive capacity, significant generational overlap, strong ecological adaptability and pesticide resistance, the diamondback moth exhibits typical characteristics of insect evolution, making its control difficult and resulting in poor control outcomes.

[0006] As pests develop resistance to pesticides, there is a growing reliance on chemical pesticides for control. The excessive use of chemical pesticides is causing increasingly serious food safety issues, particularly regarding excessive pesticide residues. The pest control method for cabbage provided by the applicant can effectively control cabbage pests, especially the diamondback moth, demonstrating excellent control efficacy. It is also green and environmentally friendly, with low residue levels, a short safety interval after application, and can delay the development of pesticide resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of declining vegetable quality and excessive pesticide residues caused by pests in cruciferous vegetable production. It provides a method for controlling pests in cruciferous vegetables, which can effectively prevent and control pests in cruciferous vegetables, especially the diamondback moth in cabbage. It has both rapid and long-lasting effects, low residue levels, short safety intervals, and can also delay the development of pesticide resistance in pests.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0009] A method for controlling pests in cruciferous vegetables, characterized in that: the method includes raising cruciferous vegetable seeds into seedlings, and using chemical pesticides to control pests during the vegetable growth process, wherein the active ingredients of the chemical pesticides are cypermethrin and diflubenzuron, and the active ingredients are added with adjuvants and synergists to form a suspension composition; wherein the weight ratio of cypermethrin to diflubenzuron in the suspension composition is 1:1.

[0010] The pests mentioned are selected from one or more aphids among cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, whiteflies, aphids, beet armyworms, grubs, beet armyworms, cabbage cutworms, cutworms, yellow-striped flea beetles, radish borers, and leaf beetles.

[0011] Furthermore, the method involves selecting cruciferous vegetable seeds, soaking them, germinating them, evenly scattering the germinated seeds on a seedbed, covering them with a thin layer of soil, keeping the soil moist, and then transplanting them according to the actual situation. Weeding, watering, and fertilizing are then carried out according to the specific growth of the cabbage. If pests occur in the cruciferous vegetables, chemical pesticides are sprayed once.

[0012] Furthermore, the cruciferous vegetable is selected from one of the following: Chinese cabbage, Chinese choy sum, kale, cabbage, broccoli, mustard greens, pickled mustard tuber, radish, broccoli, and rapeseed. Optionally, the cruciferous vegetable is kale.

[0013] Furthermore, the total content of the active ingredient in the chemical pesticide is 100-500 g / L, and optionally, the total content is 400 g / L.

[0014] Furthermore, the additives are selected from one or more of dispersants, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, preservatives, defoamers, thickeners, and water.

[0015] Further, the synergist is selected from one of polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, alkyl polyglycoside, and rosin-based vegetable oil; the dispersant is selected from one or more of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polymer, lignin sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polycarboxylate, comb-type polycarboxylate, EO-PO block copolymer, and phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate; the wetting agent is selected from alkyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl glycoside, and trisiloxane. The product comprises one or more of polyoxyethylene ether, polyarylphenolic polyoxyethylene ether, and castor oil polyoxyethylene ether; the antifreeze is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, allantoin, and sorbitol; the preservative is selected from one of sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, and potassium sorbate; the defoamer is selected from one of silicone defoamers, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols; and the thickener is selected from one or more of xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, magnesium aluminum silicate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, guar gum, and silica.

[0016] Furthermore, the chemical pesticide, based on 1000 parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 50-250 parts by weight of cypermethrin, 50-250 parts by weight of diflubenzuron, 5-100 parts by weight of synergist, 5-100 parts by weight of dispersant, 3-60 parts by weight of wetting agent, 10-80 parts by weight of antifreeze, 1-20 parts by weight of preservative, 0.5-15 parts by weight of defoamer, 2-25 parts by weight of thickener, and water as the balance.

[0017] Furthermore, the chemical pesticide, based on 1000 parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 200 parts by weight of cypermethrin, 200 parts by weight of diflubenzuron, 20-50 parts by weight of synergist, 15-40 parts by weight of dispersant, 10-25 parts by weight of wetting agent, 40-60 parts by weight of antifreeze, 3-8 parts by weight of preservative, 2-5 parts by weight of defoamer, 2-10 parts by weight of thickener, and water as the balance.

[0018] Furthermore, the effective ingredient dosage of the chemical pesticide used to control pests of cruciferous vegetables is 60-150 grams per hectare, and optionally 90-120 grams per hectare.

[0019] Furthermore, the chemical pesticide used to control pests on cruciferous vegetables is sprayed at a rate of 450–750 liters per hectare, with an optional spraying rate of 600 liters per hectare.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the composition of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention can effectively control pests of cruciferous vegetables and at the same time greatly reduce pesticide residues and ensure the safety of cruciferous vegetables; (2) Compared with single agents, the control method of the present invention has a significant synergistic effect on the control of pests of cruciferous vegetables; (3) It has both rapid and sustained effects. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0022] Application Example 1 The following examples of suspensions, based on 1000 parts by weight, contain the following components:

[0023] Table 1 Examples 1-3 Cypermethrin·Diflubenzuron Suspension

[0024]

[0025] Table 2 Examples 4-6 Cypermethrin·Diflubenzuron Suspension

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] Control agent 1: 20% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, commercially available.

[0029] Control agent 2: 25% diflubenzuron suspension, commercially available.

[0030] Implementation Example 2:

[0031] Experiment 1: Indoor Combined Toxicity Determination of Cypermethrin, Diflubenzuron and Mixed Pairs with Diamondback Moth on Cabbage 1. Experimental Objective

[0032] The toxicity of cypermethrin and diflubenzuron, and their different mixtures, to diamondback moth in cabbage was determined in the laboratory, and their synergistic effects were evaluated to clarify their compatibility and provide a scientific basis for the research and development of cypermethrin and diflubenzuron mixtures.

[0033] 2 Experimental conditions

[0034] 2.1 Test Target

[0035] The diamondback moth of cabbage was obtained by collecting larvae from the field, culturing them, and then using second-instar larvae for testing.

[0036] 2. Cultivation conditions

[0037] The culture conditions for the test targets and the targets after the experiment were: temperature (25±1)℃, relative humidity 60%~80%, and photoperiod L∶D=(16∶8)h.

[0038] 3 Experimental Design

[0039] 3.1 Test reagents

[0040] Chlorbenzuron 96% technical grade; fenpropathrin 92% technical grade.

[0041] 3.2 Reagent Preparation

[0042] Weigh 0.1087g of 92% cypermethrin technical grade, dissolve it in 3mL of DMF, add 0.2mL of Tween 80 emulsifier, stir well, add water to 100mL to prepare a 1000mg / L stock solution. Take 20mL of the stock solution and add it to 80mL of water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier to prepare a 200mg / L test solution. Then dilute it with water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier at a ratio of 2 to prepare 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25mg / L, for a total of 6 concentrations, for testing.

[0043] Weigh 0.1042g of 96% diflubenzuron technical grade, dissolve it in 4mL of LDM, add 0.2mL of Tween 80 emulsifier, stir well, add water to 100mL to prepare a 1000mg / L stock solution, then take 40mL and add it to 60mL of water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier to prepare a 400mg / L test solution. Then dilute it with water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier at a ratio of 2 to prepare 200, 100, 50, 25 and 12.5mg / L, for a total of 6 concentrations for testing.

[0044] Based on the ratios of cypermethrin to diflubenzuron of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, 15, 13.33, 10, 6.67, and 5 mL of cypermethrin stock solution were measured, and corresponding amounts of diflubenzuron stock solution were measured, 5, 6.67, 10, 13.33, and 15 mL. The two solutions were mixed, and water containing emulsifier was added to bring the total volume to 100 mL. All solutions were prepared to a concentration of 200 mg / L. The solutions were then diluted with water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier at a 2-fold ratio to obtain six different concentrations for testing.

[0045] Add 96 mL of water containing 0.1% Tween 80 emulsifier to a beaker containing 4 mL of DMF as a blank control.

[0046] 4. Test Methods

[0047] Following the method outlined in NY / T1154.14-2008, the leaf-dip method was employed for indoor bioassay of pesticides. Leaf discs were immersed in the test solution for 10 seconds, then removed and placed in petri dishes lined with moisturizing filter paper. Five leaf discs were placed in each dish. Diamondback moth larvae, starved for 4 hours, were then added to the petri dishes, with at least 10 larvae per dish. Each treatment was repeated four times, with a blank control included.

[0048] 5. Data Survey and Statistical Analysis

[0049] 5.1 Survey Time and Methods

[0050] After 96 hours, check and record the mortality of the test insects. The criterion for judging the mortality of the test insects is: no reaction when gently touched with tweezers is considered as death.

[0051] 5.2 Data Statistical Analysis

[0052] Referring to the guidelines for indoor bioassay testing of pesticides NY / T1154.7-2006, the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of each mixture was determined using the Sun & Johnson (1960) co-toxicity coefficient method. Generally, a CTC ≥ 120 indicates a synergistic effect, ≤ 80 indicates an antagonistic effect, and a CTC between 80 and 120 indicates an additive effect. The formula for calculating the CTC is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) of a Mixture = Toxicity Index of Agent A × Percentage of Agent A in the Mixture (%) + Toxicity Index of Agent B × Percentage of Agent B in the Mixture (%)

[0055]

[0056] 6 Experimental Results

[0057] Table 3. Toxicity test results of the mixture of cypermethrin and diflubenzuron on diamondback moth.

[0058]

[0059] Table 1 shows the toxicity test results of cypermethrin, diflubenzuron, and their mixtures at ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 against the diamondback moth. As can be seen from the table, the mixtures of cypermethrin and diflubenzuron at the above five ratios exhibited a synergistic effect at 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, with the LC50 values ​​being [not specified]. 50 The values ​​were 22.28, 21.01, 25.43 and 26.12 mg / L, respectively, and the co-toxicity coefficients were 124.86, 142.89, 128.20 and 130.42, respectively, with the 1:1 synergistic effect being the most significant.

[0060] Application Example 3: Field Efficacy Trial for Controlling Diamondback Moth in Cabbage (Examples 1-6) 1. Trial Objective

[0061] A field efficacy trial of cypermethrin·diflubenzuron suspension for controlling diamondback moth in cabbage was conducted to provide a basis for determining the efficacy, field dosage, duration of effect, effects on crops and non-target beneficial organisms, and safe and rational application techniques.

[0062] 2. Test Basis

[0063] Guidelines for Field Efficacy Testing of Pesticides (I) Control of Lepidoptera Larvae in Cruciferous Vegetables with Insecticides (GB / T17980.13-2000).

[0064] 3 Experimental Locations

[0065] This experiment was conducted in Hunan, Shandong, and Shaanxi provinces.

[0066] 4. Selection of test subjects, crops and varieties

[0067] Experimental subject: Diamondback moth of cabbage.

[0068] 5. Experimental Design and Arrangement

[0069] 5.1 Dosage and Numbering of Pharmaceuticals

[0070] Table 4 Experimental Design of Test Reagents

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] 5.2 Application time and frequency

[0074] When applying the pesticide, the diamondback moth should be in its early larval stage and the cabbage should be in the early rosette stage. Apply the pesticide once.

[0075] 5.3 Usage Capacity

[0076] Water consumption is 600-750 liters per hectare.

[0077] 5.4 Survey Time and Frequency

[0078] Before applying the pesticide, survey the initial insect population (number of larvae). After applying the pesticide, survey the number of live insects 1, 3, 7, and 10 days later.

[0079] 5.5 Method for Calculating Drug Efficacy

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] 6 Experimental Results

[0083] Table 5. Field control efficacy of Examples 1-6 against diamondback moth in cabbage – Control effect

[0084]

[0085] Table 5 shows the results of field efficacy trials of the tested pesticides for controlling the diamondback moth in cabbage, as described in Examples 1-6. It can be seen that a single application of the tested pesticides at the initial stage of diamondback moth occurrence, at the provided dosage, showed good control efficacy. The control effects at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after application were significantly better than the control effect of the single-agent 25% diflubenzuron suspension. The control effect at 1 day after application was slightly worse than the control effect of the single-agent 20% cypermethrin EC. At 3 days, the control effect was comparable to the control effect of the single-agent 20% cypermethrin EC. At 7 and 10 days, the control effect was significantly better than the control effect of the single-agent 20% cypermethrin EC. Therefore, the tested pesticides exhibit both rapid and sustained efficacy in controlling the diamondback moth in cabbage.

[0086] Analysis of variance showed that the tested pesticide was significantly more effective than the control agent 25% diflubenzuron suspension. After 1 and 3 days, there was no significant difference in the control effect between the tested pesticide and the control agent 20% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate. After 7 and 10 days, the tested pesticide was significantly more effective than the control agent 20% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0087] Throughout the entire experiment, no phytotoxicity was found to occur to the leaves and plants of the tested crops when the test drug was applied, nor was any adverse effect found on the surrounding environment.

[0088] Application Example 4: Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Single-Agent Drugs in Examples 1-6 and the Control 1. Experimental Objective

[0089] Verify the residue levels of the cypermethrin-diflubenzuron suspension concentrate developed by the applicant on cabbage to provide a scientific basis for pesticide registration.

[0090] 2. Test Basis

[0091] The experimental design of this experiment was based on the "Guidelines for Pesticide Residue Testing" (NY / T 788-2018), GB / T 5009.135, and GB / T 23200.8.

[0092] 3 Experimental Locations

[0093] This experiment was conducted in Shaanxi Province.

[0094] 4. Selection of test subjects, crops and varieties

[0095] Test subject: Cabbage.

[0096] 5. Experimental Design and Arrangement

[0097] 5.1 Dosage and Numbering of Pharmaceuticals

[0098] Table 6 Experimental Design of Test Reagents

[0099]

[0100] 5.2 Application and extraction.

[0101] For each treatment, at least 12 cabbages and at least 2 kg of pesticide were collected on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after application. The samples were crushed, extracted and tested, and the residue was calculated. The residue was expressed as milligrams of pesticide residue per kilogram of agricultural yield.

[0102] 6 Experimental Results

[0103] Table 7 Results of the test reagents on cabbage residues

[0104]

[0105] As shown in Table 7, the pesticide residue tests on cabbage in Examples 1-6 showed that the residue level was less than 0.5 mg / kg 3 days after application, which meets food safety requirements and relevant residue standards. This indicates that the cabbage can be harvested and consumed 3 days after application, the residue level was less than 0.12 mg / kg 7 days after application, and the residue level was less than 0.01 mg / kg 14 days after application. This demonstrates that the embodiments of the present invention are used for pest control of cabbage, resulting in lower residue levels and greater safety for cabbage.

[0106] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling pests on cruciferous vegetables, characterized in that: The method includes raising seedlings of cruciferous vegetables and using chemical pesticides to control pests during the vegetable growth process. The active ingredients of the chemical pesticides are cypermethrin and diflubenzuron, and the active ingredients are added with adjuvants and synergists to form a suspension composition. In the suspension composition, the weight ratio of cypermethrin to diflubenzuron is 1:1; The pests mentioned are selected from one or more of the following: cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, whitefly, aphid, beet armyworm, grub, beet armyworm, cabbage cutworm, cutworm, yellow striped flea beetle, radish borer, and leaf beetle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method involves soaking cruciferous vegetable seeds to promote germination, then evenly scattering the germinated seeds on a seedbed, covering them with a thin layer of soil, keeping the soil moist, and then transplanting them according to the actual situation. Weeding, watering, and fertilizing are then carried out according to the specific growth of the cabbage. If pests occur in the cruciferous vegetables, chemical pesticides are sprayed once.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cruciferous vegetables mentioned are selected from one of the following: Chinese cabbage, Chinese choy sum, kale, cabbage, broccoli, mustard greens, pickled mustard tuber, radish, broccoli, and rapeseed.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cruciferous vegetable mentioned is cabbage.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total content of the active ingredient in the chemical pesticide is 100-500 g / L, and optionally, the total content is 400 g / L.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additives are selected from one or more of dispersants, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, preservatives, defoamers, thickeners, and water.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synergist is selected from one of the following: polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, alkyl polyglycoside, and rosin-based vegetable oil.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The chemical pesticide, calculated per 1000 parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 50-250 parts by weight of cypermethrin, 50-250 parts by weight of diflubenzuron, 5-100 parts by weight of synergist, 5-100 parts by weight of dispersant, 3-60 parts by weight of wetting agent, 10-80 parts by weight of antifreeze, 1-20 parts by weight of preservative, 0.5-15 parts by weight of defoamer, 2-25 parts by weight of thickener, and water as the balance.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The chemical pesticide, calculated per 1000 parts by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 200 parts by weight of cypermethrin, 200 parts by weight of diflubenzuron, 20-50 parts by weight of synergist, 15-40 parts by weight of dispersant, 10-25 parts by weight of wetting agent, 40-60 parts by weight of antifreeze, 3-8 parts by weight of preservative, 2-5 parts by weight of defoamer, 2-10 parts by weight of thickener, and water as the balance.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective ingredient dosage of the chemical pesticide used to control pests in cruciferous vegetables is 60-150 grams per hectare, and optionally 90-120 grams per hectare.

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