Self-adaptive mechanochemical composite hard scale removal pipe cleaner

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive mechanochemical composite hard scale removal pipe cleaner. The pipeline cleaner comprises a front cover, head filtering rubber, a solvent energy storage cavity, a fixed outer ring, a claw base ring, a claw rod, a self-adaptive spring, a cavity base, a base push rod, an arc-shaped claw, tail rubber, a rear cover, an energy storage spring, an energy accumulator disc, a sealing ring, a reset spring, a pipeline cleaner outer shell, an annular valve sleeve, a push rod sleeve and a push rod sleeve sealing ring. In the running process of a pipeline, opening and closing of a nozzle are achieved through the pressure difference between pipeline liquid at the tail of the pipe cleaner and clamping stagnation of a claw mechanism and a hard object and a reset spring, so that a solvent is released, and a self-adaptive spring is adopted for driving a claw rod to expand in the radial direction; the pipeline cleaner can effectively clean softened hard objects and normally operate in a variable-diameter pipeline, the defect that scale in an existing petroleum transportation pipeline cannot be thoroughly cleaned due to the fact that the scale is complex and hard is overcome, the adaptive capacity of the pipeline cleaner in the multi-pipe-diameter environment is improved, and the replacement cost of equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to the field of oil transportation pipeline cleaning technology, and particularly to pipelines with special hard objects. Background Technology

[0002] During oil extraction and long-distance pipeline transportation, crude oil has a complex composition, containing substances such as paraffin, asphalt, colloids, and salts. Combined with fluctuations in the transportation environment, such as temperature and pressure, these substances easily deposit and solidify on the inner wall of the pipeline, forming hard blockages such as wax blockage and scale blockage. These hard deposits inside the pipeline cause many serious problems: First, they reduce the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline, increasing the resistance to crude oil transportation, leading to a significant increase in transportation energy consumption and oil transportation costs. Second, in severe cases, they can cause partial or complete blockage of the pipeline, forcing the interruption of oil transportation operations. This not only affects the normal supply of oil but also requires a large investment of manpower and resources for unblocking, resulting in huge economic losses. Third, the long-term adhesion of hard deposits to the inner wall of the pipeline accelerates corrosion, reduces the service life of the pipeline, and may even cause pipeline leaks and other safety accidents, threatening the ecological environment and personnel safety.

[0003] However, existing pipeline cleaning tools suffer from drawbacks in removing hard objects from oil pipelines, including high energy consumption, limited effectiveness, inconvenient operation, and high cost. These drawbacks make it difficult to efficiently and economically solve the problem of hard object blockage in pipelines. These drawbacks are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0004] (1) Existing pigging tools' hooks or cleaning mechanisms are mostly designed with fixed dimensions, lacking radial adaptive adjustment capabilities. They cannot adapt to pipelines with slight diameter changes or fluctuations, nor can they meet the cleaning needs of pipelines with multiple diameter series. In actual operation, pigging tools need to be customized for different pipe diameters, resulting in high equipment replacement costs and low efficiency. Furthermore, fixed-size cleaning mechanisms are prone to problems such as loose fit and sudden changes in operating resistance at diameter changes or pipe bends, which can lead to blockage accidents and increase the risk of production shutdown.

[0005] (2) Existing pigs mostly use a single mechanical scraping or a single chemical dissolution method. When encountering special hard objects, it is difficult to achieve effective cleaning by relying solely on mechanical physical collision, i.e., the scraping ability is insufficient. Pure chemical pigs, due to the lack of reasonable mechanical design, will have the phenomenon of non-targeted solvent spraying and easy waste, which seriously increases the operating cost.

[0006] (3) The existing pipeline cleaning tools lack linkage design among their functional modules, and the solvent spray pressure cannot be maintained stably. This can easily lead to problems such as insufficient spray force and uneven softening effect. At the same time, there will be a phenomenon of asynchronous mechanical cleaning and solvent spraying actions. The scale softened by the solvent cannot be removed by mechanical force in time, causing it to re-attach to the pipe wall.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an adaptive mechanochemical composite scale removal pig. Through an adaptive spring radially adjustable structure, the pig can achieve close contact with the pipe wall in variable-diameter pipelines, adapting to different pipe diameter conditions and avoiding rigid contact that could scratch the pipe wall. A scale contact pressure differential triggering mode enables on-demand solvent injection, automatically releasing customized solvent only when the hooks cannot move the scale, avoiding solvent waste. An accumulator plate and energy storage spring pressure storage structure ensure effective pressure storage and stable high-pressure solvent injection, guaranteeing directional penetration and softening of scale, solving the problem of stubborn scale that is difficult to remove. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to solve the problem of hard objects clogging oil transportation pipelines due to scaling.

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive mechanical-chemical composite hard scale removal pig. An adaptive mechanochemical composite scale removal pig, characterized in that it comprises: a front cover, a head filter rubber, a solvent storage chamber, a fixed outer ring, an adaptive spring, a hook base ring, a hook rod, a chamber base, a base push rod, an arc-shaped hook, a tail rubber, a rear cover, a storage spring, an accumulator plate, a sealing ring I, a reset spring, a sealing ring II, a pig outer shell, an annular valve sleeve, a sealing ring III, a push rod sleeve, and a push rod sleeve sealing ring; the front cover is connected to the head filter rubber by screws and to the top inner side of the solvent storage chamber by a threaded pair; the bottom of the solvent storage chamber is connected to the chamber base, and an accumulator plate is installed inside; the hook base ring is fixed to the top of the pig outer shell; the bottom of the pig outer shell is connected to the rear cover by a threaded pair; the base push rod passes through the pig outer shell and is connected to the chamber base; the lower end of the push rod is fitted with a push rod sleeve, passes through and moves within the rear cover; the rear cover is connected to the tail rubber by screws;

[0010] Furthermore, the front cover includes a front cover plate, screw holes I, a front cover body, threaded surface I, and spring groove I; the head filter rubber includes screw holes II, a front cover through hole, and a head groove; there are 10 screw holes I and 10 screw holes II, which are evenly distributed circumferentially on the top of the front cover plate and the head filter rubber, respectively; the threaded surface I is located on the outer side of the bottom of the front cover body; the front cover body passes through the front cover through hole; the bottom side of the front cover plate is tightly fitted with the top side of the head filter rubber, and is fixed by screws in screw holes I and screw holes II; the bottom end of the head filter rubber is designed with a head groove structure, with the groove facing the main body of the pig; the lower end of the front cover body is connected and fastened to the inner ring threaded surface II of the solvent storage chamber through threaded surface I; the solvent storage chamber includes a chamber head, a fixed outer ring groove, and a sealing groove I. The fixed outer ring includes a threaded surface II, a spring boss, a spring groove IV, an annular valve sleeve groove, and a threaded surface III; the fixed outer ring includes a top anti-leakage boss, a bottom connecting boss, a threaded surface IV, a threaded surface V, an intermediate platform, and a spring groove III. The fixed outer ring groove is located inside the cavity head, and the sealing groove I is located inside the fixed outer ring groove. The threaded surface II and threaded surface III are respectively located at the top and bottom of the solvent storage cavity. The spring boss and the annular valve sleeve groove are integral with the cavity and circumferentially surround the cavity. The bottom connecting boss of the fixed outer ring is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VI of the top connecting boss of the pig housing through the threaded surface IV. The top anti-leakage boss is fastened into the fixed ring deep groove of the solvent storage cavity. The solvent storage cavity is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VIII of the cavity base through the threaded surface III, transmitting the hydraulic driving force brought by the push rod end.

[0011] Furthermore, the pig's outer casing includes a top connecting boss, a threaded surface VI, a hook base platform, an outer casing body, outer casing nozzles, a solvent inlet, a bottom connecting boss, a threaded surface VII, a sealing groove II, a push rod through hole I, and a rear cover connecting boss. The hook base platform is located above the outer casing body. Ten outer casing nozzles are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer casing body, with the nozzle tips facing the arc-shaped hooks. The solvent inlet is located at the bottom of the outer casing body. The push rod through hole I is located at the bottom of the outer casing body and communicates with the inner hole of the bottom connecting boss. The bottom connecting boss is connected to the threaded surface in the push rod through hole II of the rear cover via the threaded surface VII. X is connected and fixed to connect the tail components of the pig; the rear cover includes a rear cover plate, screw hole IV, rear cover body, threaded surface X, and push rod through hole II; the tail rubber includes a rear cover through hole, tail groove, and screw hole III; there are 10 screw holes IV and 10 screw holes III, which are evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the rear cover plate and the tail rubber; the push rod through hole II is opened in the rear cover body and communicates with the push rod through hole I; the threaded surface X is set on the top layer of the push rod through hole II; the rear cover passes through the rear cover through hole, and the rear cover plate and the tail groove are tightly fitted together and are tightly fixed by screws in the screw holes III and screw holes IV of both.

[0012] Furthermore, the hook base ring includes a spring fixing platform and a base ring body. The spring fixing platform includes a spring slot and a hook claw hole. The hook claw rod includes a rod fixing end, a rod body, and a rod protection end. An adaptive spring is set in the spring slot. Both ends of the rod fixing end are fixed in the hook claw hole. The hook claw rod expands radially within the pipe with the hole as the axis. The adaptive spring supports the rod body and provides preload to the hook claw rod. The arc-shaped hook claw includes an arc-shaped claw tip and a claw protection end. The rod protection end is a slot with a built-in threaded pair, and the claw protection end is a boss with a built-in threaded pair. The two are connected by the threaded pair. The claw protection end can rotate to play an adjustment and protection role. The accumulator plate includes a spring top plate, a sealing base plate, a spring groove II, and a sealing groove III. The accumulator plate is set inside the solvent storage chamber. The spring groove II is set on the top of the sealing base plate, and the sealing groove III seals the outer circumference of the base plate. The outer ring surface of the sealing base plate is tightly fitted with the inner cavity surface of the solvent storage chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the cavity base includes a cavity support platform, a solvent through hole, a push rod connecting groove, a base core, and a threaded surface IX. The threaded surface IX is located above the cavity support platform, and the push rod connecting groove is located at the center of the bottom of the base core. The lower end of the solvent storage cavity is supported by the cavity support platform, and the upper end of the base push rod is embedded in the push rod connecting groove. Four solvent through holes are evenly distributed around the circumference on the base core, connecting the solvent storage cavity with the solvent in the pig shell. The base push rod passes through push rod through hole I and push rod through hole II and moves axially within the through holes to transmit hydraulic driving force. The outer side of the push rod sleeve sealing ring is tightly fitted with the inner side of the push rod through hole II to prevent the driving fluid from seeping into the push rod through hole II. The push rod sleeve sealing ring is located in the sealing groove of the push rod sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy storage spring is located between the spring groove I on the front cover and the spring groove II on the accumulator plate, and the energy storage spring is tightly wrapped around the spring top plate. The accumulator plate stores pressure energy in the solvent energy storage chamber through the energy storage spring, which facilitates high-pressure solvent injection. The reset spring is located between the spring groove III on the middle platform of the fixed outer ring and the spring groove IV on the spring boss of the solvent energy storage chamber. The solvent energy storage chamber can move axially and release and close the solvent port under the action of hydraulic pressure and obstacle pressure difference through spring II. The annular valve sleeve is located in the annular valve sleeve groove. The inner side of the annular valve sleeve is tightly fitted with the groove opening, and the outer side is tightly fitted with the outer shell nozzle. It moves axially with the solvent energy storage chamber, fitting and leaving the nozzle opening to realize the opening and closing of the solvent release port.

[0015] Furthermore, the sealing ring I is disposed in the sealing groove I to prevent external mixtures from penetrating into the solvent cavity and causing the solvent to become ineffective; the sealing ring II is disposed in the sealing groove III to prevent the solvent from contacting the spring I and causing corrosion; the sealing ring III is disposed in the sealing groove II to prevent the solvent in the solvent cavity from leaking out from the push rod through hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the cleaning process of the adaptive mechatronic descaling pig includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: Preparations before cleaning the pipeline, equipment assembly;

[0018] S2: Inject a customized scale-dissolving solvent into the solvent storage chamber through the solvent addition port at the bottom of the pig's outer casing until the accumulator reaches a certain pressure.

[0019] S3: Deploy the pipeline pig, using the thrust of the high-pressure fluid on one side of the pipeline to drive the pig to move along the pipeline axis;

[0020] S4: If the fluid thrust at the tail end is greater than the resistance of the hard scale, the arc-shaped hook will directly grab and clean the hard scale; when the arc-shaped hook is insufficient to clean the hard scale, the hard scale contacts and the pressure difference triggers, and the pressure difference is transmitted to the cavity base through the base push rod, which is converted into an axial thrust on the solvent storage cavity. When the thrust exceeds the preload of spring II, it pushes the solvent storage cavity to move forward along the axis of the pig.

[0021] S5: When the solvent storage chamber moves axially, the annular valve sleeve in its annular valve sleeve groove moves synchronously with the chamber, releasing the sealing state of the outer shell nozzle on the pig outer shell. The solvent pre-pressurized in the solvent storage chamber flows into the internal flow channel of the pig outer shell through the solvent through hole of the chamber base, and finally sprays onto the hard scale surface in a high-pressure mist form through the outer shell nozzle. The accumulator plate continuously applies pressure under the elastic force of spring I to ensure stable solvent injection pressure.

[0022] S6: The adaptive spring on the hook base ring provides a stable preload to the hook rod, so that the arc-shaped claw tip of the arc hook always fits tightly against the pipe wall, adapting to changes in pipe diameter. The arc-shaped claw tip accurately grabs and scrapes the softened hard scale, peeling the loose hard scale from the pipe wall.

[0023] S7: After the hard scale is peeled off from the pipe wall, the resistance of the arc-shaped hook disappears, and the spring II pushes the solvent storage chamber to reset under the action of elastic restoring force. At this time, the annular valve sleeve re-seals the outer nozzle, the solvent stops being released, and the initial cleaning operation state is restored.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] (1) The radially adjustable hook mechanism supported by the compression spring achieves flexible contact with the pipe wall through the preload of the compression spring. This ensures close contact with the pipe wall in pipelines with slight fluctuations in pipe diameter, while also avoiding scratches to the pipe wall caused by rigid contact. It is suitable for cleaning needs under different pipe diameter conditions.

[0026] (2) When the hook encounters an obstruction, it automatically releases chemical solvents for cleaning. The accumulator releases pre-stored solvents to dissolve stubborn obstacles in a targeted manner, greatly improving the thoroughness of descaling.

[0027] (3) The solvent flow channel adopts a pressure threshold mechanical interlock switch. When the downstream liquid pressure exceeds the spring preload, the flow channel is opened. When there is no obstruction, it remains locked to avoid solvent waste and achieve reliable control of spraying on demand. It also solves the problem of weak cleaning ability of existing pigs when encountering hard objects. It is suitable for oil and gas pipelines with frequent scaling and can greatly improve the efficiency of pigging. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pig structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front cover structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the head filter rubber of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the solvent energy storage cavity structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed outer ring structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing structure of the pig of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer casing of the pig of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the accumulator disk structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity base structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rear cover structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the tail rubber structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the engagement between the hook base ring and the arc-shaped hook of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped hook mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pigging device of the present invention;

[0042] In the diagram, 1-front cover, 101-front cover disc, 102-screw hole I, 103-front cover body, 1031-threaded surface I, 1032-spring groove I, 2-head filter rubber, 201-screw hole II, 202-front cover through hole, 203-head groove, 3-solvent storage chamber, 301-chamber head, 3011-fixed outer ring groove, 3012-sealing groove I, 3013-threaded surface II, 302-spring boss, 30201-spring groove IV, 303-annular valve sleeve groove, 304-threaded surface III, 4-fixed outer ring, 401-top protective 402-Bottom connecting boss, 4021-Threaded surface IV, 4022-Threaded surface V, 403-Intermediate platform, 4031-Spring groove III, 5-Adaptive spring, 6-Hook base ring, 601-Spring fixing platform, 602-Base ring body, 60101-Spring slot, 60102-Hook hole, 7-Hook rod, 701-Rod fixing end, 702-Rod body, 703-Rod protection end, 8-Cavity base, 801-Cavity support platform, 802-Solvent through hole, 803-Push rod connecting groove, 804-Base core, 805-Thread 9-Base push rod, 10-Arc-shaped claw, 1001-Arc-shaped claw tip, 1002-Claw protection end, 11-Tail rubber, 1101-Rear cover through hole, 1102-Tail groove, 1103-Screw hole III, 12-Rear cover, 1201-Rear cover plate, 1202-Screw hole IV, 1203-Rear cover body, 120301-Threaded face X, 1204-Push rod through hole II, 13-Energy storage spring, 14-Energy storage plate, 1401-Spring top plate, 1402-Sealing base plate, 1403-Spring groove II, 1404-Sealing groove III, 15 16-Return spring, 17-Sealing ring II, 18-Pig housing, 1801-Top connecting boss, 180101-Threaded face VI, 1802-Hook base, 1803-Housing body, 180301-Housing nozzle, 180302-Solvent inlet, 1804-Bottom connecting boss, 180401-Threaded face VII, 180402-Sealing groove II, 1805-Push rod through hole I, 1806-Rear cover connecting boss, 19-Annular valve sleeve, 20-Sealing ring III, 21-Push rod sleeve, 22-Push rod sleeve sealing ring. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description:

[0044] like Figures 1 to 14As shown, an adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pig includes a front cover 1, a head filter rubber 2, a solvent storage chamber 3, a fixed outer ring 4, an adaptive spring 5, a hook base ring 6, a hook rod 7, a chamber base 8, a base push rod 9, an arc-shaped hook 10, a tail rubber 11, a rear cover 12, a storage spring 13, an accumulator plate 14, a sealing ring I 15, a return spring 16, a sealing ring II 17, a pig outer shell 18, an annular valve sleeve 19, a sealing ring III 20, a push rod sleeve 21, and a push rod sleeve sealing ring 22. The front cover 1 is connected to the head filter rubber 2 by screws and to the top inner side of the solvent storage chamber 3 by a threaded pair. The bottom of the solvent storage chamber 3 is connected to the chamber base 8, and an accumulator plate 14 is installed inside. The hook base ring 6 is fixed to the... The top and bottom of the pig housing 18 are connected to the rear cover 12 via a threaded pair. The base push rod 9 passes through the pig housing 18 and is connected to the cavity base 8. The lower end of the push rod 9 is fitted with a push rod sleeve 21, which passes through and moves within the rear cover 12. The rear cover 1 and the tail rubber 2 are connected by screws. The accumulator plate 14 moves axially inside the solvent storage cavity 3 under the action of solvent pressure through the storage spring 13 to store the pressure energy of the solvent. The push rod sleeve 21 bears the hydraulic pressure in the pipeline and transmits it to the base 8 through the push rod 9. The solvent storage cavity 3 reciprocates inside the pig housing 18 under the drive of the base 8 through the return spring 16 to realize the separation and contact between the annular valve sleeve 19 and the housing nozzle 180301, thereby controlling the release of solvent.

[0045] In this example, the front cover 1 includes a front cover plate 101, screw holes I 102, a front cover body 103, a threaded surface I 1031, and a spring groove I 1032; the head filter rubber 2 includes screw holes II 201, a front cover through hole 202, and a head groove 203; there are 10 screw holes I 102 and 10 screw holes II 201, which are evenly arranged circumferentially on the top of the front cover plate 101 and the head filter rubber 2, respectively; the threaded surface I 1031 is located on the outer side of the bottom of the front cover body 103; the front cover body 103 passes through the front cover through hole 203. 02. The bottom side of the front cover plate 101 is tightly fitted to the top side of the head filter rubber 2, and is fixed by screws in screw holes I 102 and II 201. The bottom end of the head filter rubber 2 is designed with a head groove 203 structure, with the groove facing the main body of the pig. The lower end of the front cover body 103 is connected and fastened to the inner ring threaded surface II 3013 of the solvent storage chamber 3 through the threaded surface I 1031. The solvent storage chamber 3 includes a chamber head 301, a fixing outer ring groove 3011, a sealing groove I 3012, and a threaded surface II 301. 3. Spring boss 302, spring groove IV 30201, annular valve sleeve groove 303, threaded surface III 304; the fixed outer ring 4 includes a top leak-proof boss 401, a bottom connecting boss 402, threaded surface IV 4021, threaded surface V 4022, an intermediate platform 403, and spring groove III 4031. The fixed outer ring groove 3011 is located inside the cavity head 301, and the sealing groove I 3012 is located inside the fixed outer ring groove 3011. The threaded surface II 3013 and threaded surface III 304 are respectively located inside the solvent storage cavity 3. At the top and bottom, the spring boss 302 and the annular valve sleeve groove 303 are integral with the cavity and surround the cavity circumferentially. The bottom connecting boss 402 of the fixed outer ring 4 is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VI 180101 of the top connecting boss 1801 of the pig housing 18 through the threaded surface IV 4021. The top anti-leakage boss 401 is fastened to the fixing ring deep groove 301 of the solvent storage cavity 3. The solvent storage cavity 3 is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VIII 805 of the cavity base 8 through the threaded surface III 304, transmitting the hydraulic driving force brought by the push rod end.

[0046] In this example, the pig housing 18 includes a top connecting boss 1801, a threaded surface VI 180101, a claw base 1802, a housing body 1803, a housing nozzle 180301, a solvent addition port 180302, a bottom connecting boss 1804, a threaded surface VII 180401, a sealing groove II 180402, a push rod through hole I 1805, and a rear cover connecting boss 1806. The claw base 1802 is located on the housing body 1803. Above 803, 10 outer shell nozzles 180301 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer shell body 1803. The tips of the outer shell nozzles 180301 are directly opposite the arc-shaped hook 10. The solvent addition port 180302 is located at the bottom of the outer shell body 1803. The push rod through hole I 1805 is opened at the bottom of the outer shell body 1803 and communicates with the inner hole of the bottom connecting boss 1804. The bottom connecting boss 1804 is connected to the push rod through hole II of the rear cover 12 through the threaded surface VII 180401. The threaded surface X120301 in 1204 is used for connection and fixation to connect the tail components of the pig; the rear cover 12 includes a rear cover plate 1201, screw holes IV 1202, a rear cover body 1203, threaded surface X120301, and push rod through hole II 1204; the tail rubber 11 includes a rear cover through hole 1101, a tail groove 1102, and screw holes III 1103, with 10 screw holes IV 1202 and 10 screw holes III 1103 respectively. The push rod through hole II 1204 is opened in the rear cover body 1203 and communicates with the push rod through hole I 1805. The threaded surface X 120301 is set on the top layer of the push rod through hole II 1204. The rear cover 12 passes through the rear cover through hole 1101, and the rear cover 1201 is tightly fitted with the tail groove 1102 and is tightly fixed by the screws in the screw holes III 1202 and IV 1103 of both.

[0047] In this example, the hook base ring 6 includes a spring fixing platform 601 and a base ring body 602. The spring fixing platform includes a spring slot 60101 and a hook hole 60102. The hook rod 7 includes a rod fixing end 701, a rod body 702, and a rod protection end 703. An adaptive spring 5 is disposed in the spring slot 60101. The two ends of the rod fixing end 701 are fixed in the hook hole 60102. The hook rod expands radially within the pipe around the hole. The adaptive spring 5 supports the rod body 702 and provides preload to the hook rod 7. The arc-shaped hook 10 includes an arc-shaped claw tip 1001 and a claw protection end 1002. The protective end 703 is a slot-shaped part with a built-in threaded pair, and the claw protective end 1002 is a boss with a built-in threaded pair. The two are connected by the threaded pair. The claw protective end 1002 can be rotated to play an adjustment and protection role. The accumulator plate 14 includes a spring top plate 1401, a sealing base plate 1402, a spring groove II 1403, and a sealing groove III 1404. The accumulator plate is set inside the solvent storage chamber 3. The spring groove II 1403 is set on the top of the sealing base plate 1402. The sealing groove III 1404 seals the outer circumference of the sealing base plate 1402. The outer ring surface of the sealing base plate 1402 is in close contact with the inner cavity surface of the solvent storage chamber 3.

[0048] In this example, the cavity base 8 includes a cavity support platform 801, a solvent through hole 802, a push rod connecting groove 803, a base core 804, and a threaded surface IX 805. The threaded surface IX 805 is located above the cavity support platform 801. The push rod connecting groove 803 is located at the center of the bottom of the base core 804. The lower end of the solvent storage cavity 3 is supported by the cavity support platform 801. The upper end of the base push rod 9 is embedded in the push rod connecting groove 803. The solvent through hole 802 is provided with... Four solvent storage chambers are evenly distributed around the base core 804, connecting the solvent storage chamber 3 to the solvent in the pig housing 18; the base push rod 9 passes through the push rod through hole I 1805 and the push rod through hole II 1203, and moves axially in the through hole to transmit hydraulic driving force; the outer side of the push rod sleeve sealing ring 22 is tightly fitted with the inner side of the push rod through hole II 1204 to prevent the driving fluid from seeping into the push rod through hole II 1204; the push rod sleeve sealing ring 22 is set in the sealing groove of the push rod sleeve 21.

[0049] In this example, the energy storage spring 13 is disposed between the spring groove I 1032 on the front cover 1 and the spring groove II 1403 on the accumulator plate 14, and the energy storage spring 13 is tightly wrapped around the spring top plate 1401. The accumulator plate 14 stores pressure energy in the solvent energy storage chamber 3 through the energy storage spring 13, which facilitates high-pressure solvent injection. The reset spring 16 is disposed between the spring groove III 4031 on the middle platform 403 of the fixed outer ring 4 and the spring groove IV 30201 on the spring boss 302 of the solvent energy storage chamber 3. The solvent energy storage chamber 3 can move axially and release and close the solvent port under the action of hydraulic pressure and obstacle pressure difference through the spring II 16. The annular valve sleeve 19 is disposed in the annular valve sleeve groove 303. The inner side of the annular valve sleeve 19 is tightly fitted with the groove opening, and the outer side is tightly fitted with the outer shell nozzle 180301. It moves axially with the solvent energy storage chamber 3, fitting and leaving the nozzle opening to realize the opening and closing of the solvent release port.

[0050] In this example, the sealing ring I15 is disposed in the sealing groove I3012 to prevent external mixtures from penetrating into the solvent cavity and causing the solvent to become ineffective; the sealing ring II17 is disposed in the sealing groove III1404 to prevent the solvent from contacting the spring I13 and causing corrosion; the sealing ring III20 is disposed in the sealing groove II180402 to prevent the solvent in the solvent cavity from leaking from the push rod through hole.

[0051] In this example, the cleaning process of the adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pig includes the following steps:

[0052] S1: Preparations before cleaning the pipeline, equipment assembly;

[0053] S2: Inject a customized scale-dissolving solvent into the solvent storage chamber 3 through the solvent addition port 180302 at the bottom of the pig housing 18 until the accumulator plate 14 stores a certain pressure and then stops.

[0054] S3: Deploy the pipeline pig, using the thrust of the high-pressure fluid on one side of the pipeline to drive the pig to move along the pipeline axis;

[0055] S4: If the thrust of the tail fluid is greater than the resistance of the hard scale, the arc-shaped hook 10 directly grabs and cleans the hard scale; when the arc-shaped hook 10 is insufficient to clean the hard scale, the hard scale contacts and the pressure difference triggers, and the pressure difference is transmitted to the cavity base 8 through the base push rod 9, which is converted into an axial thrust on the solvent storage cavity 3. When the thrust exceeds the preload of the spring II 16, it pushes the solvent storage cavity 3 to move forward along the axis of the pig.

[0056] S5: When the solvent storage chamber 3 moves axially, the annular valve sleeve 19 in its annular valve sleeve groove 303 moves synchronously with the chamber, releasing the blocking state of the outer shell nozzle 180301 on the pig outer shell 18. The solvent with pre-stored pressure in the solvent storage chamber 3 flows into the internal flow channel of the pig outer shell 18 through the solvent through hole 802 of the chamber base 8, and finally sprays onto the hard scale surface in a high-pressure mist form through the outer shell nozzle 180301. The accumulator plate 14 continuously applies pressure under the elastic force of the spring I 13 to ensure stable solvent injection pressure.

[0057] S6: The adaptive spring 5 on the hook base ring 6 provides a stable preload to the hook rod 7, so that the arc-shaped claw tip 1001 of the arc-shaped hook 10 always fits tightly against the pipe wall, adapting to changes in pipe diameter. The arc-shaped claw tip 1001 accurately grabs and scrapes the softened hard scale, peeling the loose hard scale from the pipe wall.

[0058] S7: After the hard scale is peeled off from the pipe wall, the resistance of the arc-shaped hook 10 disappears, and the spring II 16 pushes the solvent storage chamber 3 to reset under the action of elastic restoring force. At this time, the annular valve sleeve 19 re-seals the outer shell nozzle 180301, the solvent stops being released, and the initial cleaning operation state is restored.

[0059] In the description of this invention, the directions or positions indicated by "top", "bottom", "up", "down", etc. are based on the relative positional relationships of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device, characterized in that: Includes a front cover (1), a head filter rubber (2), a solvent storage chamber (3), a fixed outer ring (4), an adaptive spring (5), a hook base ring (6), a hook rod (7), a chamber base (8), a base push rod (9), an arc-shaped hook (10), a tail rubber (11), a rear cover (12), a storage spring (13), an accumulator plate (14), a sealing ring I (15), a reset spring (16), a sealing ring II (17), a pig housing (18), an annular valve sleeve (19), a sealing ring III (20), a push rod sleeve (21), and a push rod sleeve sealing ring (22); the front cover (1) and the head The filter rubber (2) is connected by screws and the top inner side of the solvent storage chamber (3) is connected by a threaded pair. The bottom of the solvent storage chamber (3) is connected to the chamber base (8). An accumulator plate (14) is set inside. The hook base ring (6) is fixed on the top of the pig shell (18). The bottom of the pig shell (18) is connected to the rear cover (12) by a threaded pair. The base push rod (9) passes through the pig shell (18) and is connected to the chamber base (8). The lower end of the push rod (9) is fitted with a push rod sleeve (21), which passes through and moves in the rear cover (12). The rear cover (1) is connected to the tail rubber (2) by screws.

2. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The front cover (1) includes a front cover plate (101), screw holes I (102), a front cover body (103), threaded surface I (1031), and spring groove I (1032); the head filter rubber (2) includes screw holes II (201), a front cover through hole (202), and a head groove (203); there are 10 screw holes I (102) and 10 screw holes II (201) respectively, which are evenly arranged on the top of the front cover plate (101) and the head filter rubber (2) in a circumferential direction. The threaded surface I (1031) is located on the outer side of the bottom of the front cover body (103). The front cover body (103) passes through the front cover through hole (202). 2) The bottom side of the front cover plate (101) is tightly fitted to the top side of the head filter rubber (2), and is fixed by screws in screw holes I (102) and screw holes II (201) of both. The bottom end of the head filter rubber (2) is designed with a head groove (203) structure, with the groove facing the main body of the pig. The lower end of the front cover body (103) is connected and fastened to the inner ring threaded surface II (3013) of the solvent storage chamber (3) through threaded surface I (1031). The solvent storage chamber (3) includes a chamber head (301), a fixed outer ring groove (3011), a sealing groove I (3012), and a threaded surface II (3013). The fixed outer ring (4) includes a top anti-leakage boss (401), a bottom connecting boss (402), threaded surface IV (4021), threaded surface V (4022), an intermediate platform (403), and a spring groove III (4031). The fixed outer ring groove (3011) is located inside the cavity head (301), and the sealing groove I (3012) is located inside the fixed outer ring groove (3011). The threaded surface II (3013) and the threaded surface III (304) are respectively located inside the solvent storage cavity (3). The top and bottom of the cavity, the spring boss (302) and the annular valve sleeve groove (303) are integral with the cavity and surround the cavity in a circumferential manner. The bottom connecting boss (402) of the fixed outer ring (4) is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VI (180101) of the top connecting boss (1801) of the pig housing (18) through the threaded surface IV (4021). The top anti-leakage boss (401) is fastened to the fixing ring deep groove (301) of the solvent energy storage cavity (3). The solvent energy storage cavity (3) is connected and fixed to the threaded surface VIII (805) of the cavity base (8) through the threaded surface III (304), transmitting the hydraulic driving force brought by the push rod end.

3. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The pig housing (18) includes a top connecting boss (1801), a threaded surface VI (180101), a claw base platform (1802), a housing body (1803), a housing nozzle (180301), a solvent addition port (180302), a bottom connecting boss (1804), a threaded surface VII (180401), a sealing groove II (180402), a push rod through hole I (1805), and a rear cover connecting boss (1806). The claw base platform (1802) is located on the housing body (1803). Above, 10 outer shell nozzles (180301) are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer shell body (1803), with the tips of the outer shell nozzles (180301) facing the arc-shaped hook (10). The solvent addition port (180302) is located at the bottom of the outer shell body (1803). The push rod through hole I (1805) is opened at the bottom of the outer shell body (1803) and communicates with the inner hole of the bottom connecting boss (1804). The bottom connecting boss (1804) is connected to the push rod through hole II (12) of the rear cover (12) through the threaded surface VII (180401). 04) is fixed by the threaded surface X (120301) to connect the tail components of the pig; the rear cover (12) includes a rear cover plate (1201), screw hole IV (1202), rear cover body (1203), threaded surface X (120301), and push rod through hole II (1204); the tail rubber (11) includes a rear cover through hole (1101), a tail groove (1102), and screw hole III (1103); there are 10 screw holes IV (1202) and 10 screw holes III (1103) respectively. The push rod through hole II (1204) is opened in the rear cover body (1203) and communicates with the push rod through hole I (1805) at the bottom of the rear cover plate (1201) and the tail rubber (11). The threaded surface X (120301) is set on the top layer of the push rod through hole II (1204). The rear cover (12) passes through the rear cover through hole (1101), and the rear cover plate (1201) is tightly fitted with the tail groove (1102), and is tightly fixed by the screws in the screw holes III (1202) and screw holes IV (1103) of both.

4. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The hook base ring (6) includes a spring fixing platform (601) and a base ring body (602). The spring fixing platform includes a spring slot (60101) and a hook hole (60102). The hook rod (7) includes a rod fixing end (701), a rod body (702), and a rod protection end (703). An adaptive spring (5) is set in the spring slot (60101). The two ends of the rod fixing end (701) are fixed in the hook hole (60102). The hook rod expands radially in the pipe with the hole as the axis. The adaptive spring (5) supports the rod body (702) and provides preload to the hook rod (7). The arc-shaped hook (10) includes an arc-shaped claw tip (1001) and a claw protection end (1002). The rod protection end (703) is a slot-shaped part with a threaded pair, and the claw protection end (1002) is a boss with a threaded pair. The two are connected by the threaded pair. The claw protection end (1002) can be rotated to play an adjustment and protection role. The accumulator plate (14) includes a spring top plate (1401), a sealing base plate (1402), a spring groove II (1403), and a sealing groove III (1404). The accumulator plate is set inside the solvent storage cavity (3). The spring groove II (1403) is set on the top of the sealing base plate (1402). The sealing groove III (1404) seals the outer circumference of the sealing base plate (1402). The outer ring surface of the sealing base plate (1402) is tightly fitted with the inner cavity surface of the solvent storage cavity (3).

5. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The cavity base (8) includes a cavity support platform (801), a solvent through hole (802), a push rod connecting groove (803), a base core (804), and a threaded surface IX (805). The threaded surface IX (805) is located above the cavity support platform (801), and the push rod connecting groove (803) is located at the center of the bottom of the base core (804). The lower end of the solvent storage cavity (3) is supported by the cavity support platform (801), and the upper end of the base push rod (9) is embedded in the push rod connecting groove (803). The solvent through hole (802) Four are evenly distributed around the base core (804), connecting the solvent storage chamber (3) and the solvent in the pig shell (18); the base push rod (9) passes through the push rod through hole I (1805) and the push rod through hole II (1203) and moves axially in the through hole to transmit hydraulic driving force; the outer side of the push rod sleeve sealing ring (22) is tightly fitted with the inner side of the push rod through hole II (1204) to prevent the driving fluid from seeping into the push rod through hole II (1204); the push rod sleeve sealing ring (22) is set in the sealing groove of the push rod sleeve (21).

6. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The energy storage spring (13) is located between the spring groove I (1032) on the front cover (1) and the spring groove II (1403) on the accumulator plate (14), and the energy storage spring (13) is tightly wrapped around the spring top plate (1401). The accumulator plate (14) stores pressure energy in the solvent energy storage chamber (3) through the energy storage spring (13), which facilitates high-pressure solvent injection. The reset spring (16) is located between the spring groove III (4031) on the middle platform (403) of the fixed outer ring (4) and the solvent energy storage chamber (1403). 3) Between the spring grooves Ⅳ (30201) on the spring boss (302), the solvent storage chamber (3) can move axially and release and close the solvent port under the action of hydraulic pressure and obstacle pressure difference by the spring Ⅱ (16); the annular valve sleeve (19) is set in the annular valve sleeve groove (303), the inner side of the annular valve sleeve (19) is tightly fitted with the groove opening, the outer side is tightly fitted with the outer shell nozzle (180301), and moves axially together with the solvent storage chamber (3), fitting and leaving the nozzle opening to realize the opening and closing of the solvent release port.

7. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The sealing ring I (15) is set in the sealing groove I (3012) to prevent external mixtures from penetrating into the solvent cavity and causing the solvent to fail; the sealing ring II (17) is set in the sealing groove III (1404) to prevent the solvent from contacting the spring I (13) and causing corrosion; the sealing ring III (20) is set in the sealing groove II (180402) to prevent the solvent in the solvent cavity from leaking from the push rod through hole.

8. The adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pigging device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The cleaning process of the adaptive mechanochemical composite descaling pig includes the following steps: S1: Preparations before pigging; S2: Inject the scale-specific dissolving solvent into the solvent storage chamber (3) through the solvent addition port (180302) at the bottom of the pig housing (18) until the accumulator plate (14) stores a certain pressure; S3: Deploy the pipeline pig, using the thrust of the high-pressure fluid on one side of the pipeline to drive the pig to move along the pipeline axis; S4: If the thrust of the tail fluid is greater than the resistance of the hard scale, the arc-shaped hook (10) directly grabs and cleans the hard scale; when the arc-shaped hook (10) is insufficient to clean the hard scale, the hard scale contacts and the pressure difference triggers, and the pressure difference is transmitted to the cavity base (8) through the base push rod (9), which is converted into an axial thrust on the solvent energy storage cavity (3). When the thrust exceeds the preload of spring II (16), it pushes the solvent energy storage cavity (3) to move forward along the axis of the pig. S5: When the solvent storage chamber (3) moves axially, the annular valve sleeve (19) in its annular valve sleeve groove (303) moves synchronously with the chamber, releasing the blocking state of the outer shell nozzle (180301) on the outer shell of the pig (18). The solvent with pre-stored pressure in the solvent storage chamber (3) flows into the internal flow channel of the outer shell of the pig (18) through the solvent through hole (802) of the chamber base (8), and finally sprays onto the hard scale surface in a high-pressure mist form through the outer shell nozzle (180301). The accumulator plate (14) continues to apply pressure under the elastic force of spring I (13) to ensure that the solvent spray pressure is stable. S6: The adaptive spring (5) on the hook base ring (6) provides a stable preload to the hook rod (7), so that the arc-shaped claw tip (1001) of the arc hook (10) is always in close contact with the pipe wall, adapting to changes in pipe diameter. The arc-shaped claw tip (1001) accurately grabs and scrapes the softened hard scale, peeling the loose hard scale from the pipe wall. S7: When the scale is peeled off from the pipe wall, the resistance of the arc-shaped hook (10) disappears, and the spring II (16) pushes the solvent storage chamber (3) to reset under the action of elastic restoring force. At this time, the annular valve sleeve (19) re-seals the outer shell nozzle (180301), the solvent stops being released, and the initial cleaning operation state is restored.

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