Extrusion production process method and equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to an extrusion production process method and equipment for a cast aluminum alloy ZL205A. A product in a ZL205A-T651 state is produced from the cast aluminum alloy ZL205A through modes of cast rod homogeneous heat treatment, cast ingot gradient heating, constant-temperature extrusion, solid solution quenching, tension straightening destressing, aging heat treatment and the like. And the mechanical property index tensile strength is not smaller than 470 MPa, the elongation is not smaller than 3%, the collaborative target of reducing the profile defect rate and achieving the mechanical property index is achieved, and the aluminum alloy profile can be widely applied to production of aluminum alloy profiles in the high-end fields of aerospace, high-end equipment manufacturing and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal material processing technology, specifically a process and equipment for extruding cast aluminum alloy ZL205A. Background Technology

[0002] ZL205A (or ZL2025A) is a high-strength cast aluminum alloy with important applications in aerospace, high-end equipment manufacturing, and other fields due to its excellent strength, weldability, and mechanical stability. Traditionally, this alloy profiles are mainly produced using near-net-shape forming processes such as shell casting, sand casting, or die casting. However, due to the high copper content of this alloy, it is prone to problems such as compositional segregation and uneven microstructure during traditional casting processes, specifically manifested as defects such as porosity and shrinkage cavities within the profile. This results in large machining allowances and uneven performance and poor stability of the finished product after heat treatment. In addition, the cost of casting molds and other tooling is high.

[0003] In contrast, wrought aluminum alloys are typically produced using extrusion processes. Extrusion molding offers advantages such as high dimensional accuracy, small machining allowances, dense microstructure, uniform and stable properties, and relatively low production costs. Therefore, developing a process for forming cast aluminum alloys through extrusion could potentially combine the high performance of cast alloys with the microstructural advantages of wrought metallurgy, overcoming the inherent shortcomings of traditional casting processes.

[0004] Currently, there are still technical challenges in producing ZL205A-T651 condition products that meet the requirements of high-end applications from typical cast alloys like ZL205A through extrusion. There is a lack of mature, stable, and industrializable complete process solutions. ZL205A-T651 refers to a cast aluminum alloy that has undergone solution treatment, artificial aging, and tensile stress relief.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an extrusion production process and equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: an extrusion production process method for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Homogenization heat treatment of ingots: The cast aluminum alloy rods are machined to remove the surface segregation layer and loose layer to obtain ingot billets; the ingot billets are homogenized by holding at 470-530℃ for 18-30h, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace at a cooling rate of no more than 50℃ / h.

[0009] S2. Gradient heating and constant temperature extrusion of ingots: The ingot billet obtained in S1 is heated in a gradient manner by electromagnetic induction heating so that the temperature difference between the head and tail is not less than 40℃; constant temperature extrusion is carried out by a reverse extrusion press, and the temperature difference between the extrusion cylinder and the ingot is controlled within 30℃, and the extrusion flow rate is 500-1000mm / min.

[0010] S3. Solution quenching heat treatment: The extruded products obtained in S2 are subjected to offline double-stage solution quenching. The solution process is to hold at 525-530℃ for 2-4 hours, then raise the temperature to 535-542℃ and hold for 4-8 hours. The quenching transfer time is no more than 20 seconds, the water temperature before quenching is no more than 30℃, and the water temperature after quenching is no more than 45℃.

[0011] S4. Tension Straightening and Shaping: The profiles after S3 quenching are tension straightened, with the tensile rate controlled between 1.8% and 3.0%.

[0012] S5. Aging heat treatment: Within 6 hours after the S3 solution quenching is completed, the profiles straightened by S4 are subjected to artificial double-stage aging treatment. The aging regime is to hold at 115-120℃ for 2-4 hours, then raise the temperature to 160-170℃ and hold for another 4-8 hours.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the aluminum alloy casting rod is produced by hot-top casting.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the overall temperature of the ingot billet after heating is controlled at 370-500℃.

[0015] Preferably, the specific process of step S2 is as follows:

[0016] S21. For a heating component that is far from the lifting component, the ingot billet is placed inside its support frame. The expansion joint retracts and drives the insulation cover, support frame and ingot billet to move towards the insulation cylinder, so that the ingot enters the insulation cylinder.

[0017] S22. The ingot billet is heated by an electromagnetic heater. Different electromagnetic heaters are set with different temperatures to achieve a gradient heating mode that reduces the ingot size from the head end to the tail end.

[0018] S23. After heating is completed, the heating component is moved to the lifting component below the reverse extruder by the translation component;

[0019] S24. High-temperature air in the insulation cylinder is drawn into the insulation cylinder of another idle heating component through an air pump and delivery pipe to preheat the new cold casting billet.

[0020] S25. The extension of the telescopic component drives the insulation cover, support frame and ingot billet to move out of the insulation cylinder. The lifting component transports the ingot billet upward to the reverse extruder. The reverse extruder picks up the ingot billet and extrudes it.

[0021] An extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A, the equipment being applied to the above-mentioned extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A, includes a reverse extruder and a heated feeder.

[0022] The heating feeder is located below the reverse extruder and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet and convey it to the reverse extruder.

[0023] The heating feeder includes a translation component, a heating component, and a lifting component; the translation component is used to drive the heating component to reciprocate and switch motions below the reverse extruder; the heating component is provided in pairs and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet; the lifting component is used to lift the heated ingot billet into the reverse extruder.

[0024] Preferably, the heating assembly includes a support base; an insulation cylinder and a telescopic component are fixedly connected to the surface of the support base; a set of electromagnetic heaters are evenly distributed on the outer side of the insulation cylinder; an insulation cover is provided at the opening of the insulation cylinder; the bottom of the insulation cover is connected to the telescopic component through a guide block; a support frame is fixedly connected to the surface of the insulation cover; and both the support base and the translation assembly have through slots for the lifting assembly to pass through.

[0025] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a limiting sleeve; a rack is slidably connected inside the limiting sleeve; an arc-shaped support is fixedly connected to the top of the rack; a gear is meshed with the side of the rack; and a motor is driven by the gear.

[0026] Preferably, a set of heat insulation rings are evenly distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation cylinder; the heat insulation rings divide the interior of the heat insulation cylinder into several heating chambers, and the electromagnetic heaters are located on the outer side of each heating chamber; the surface of the heat insulation rings is provided with guide grooves for the support frame to pass through.

[0027] Preferably, a delivery pipe and an air pump are connected between the insulation cylinders; the air pump is used to drive bidirectional airflow between a pair of insulation cylinders through the delivery pipe.

[0028] Preferably, the number of conveying pipes is the same as the number of heating chambers; the conveying pipes are respectively connected between the corresponding heating chambers of a pair of insulation cylinders.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. By extrusion deformation, the dendritic structure of the alloy is changed, eliminating inherent casting defects such as porosity and shrinkage cavities. After processing, the product reaches the T651 state, with tensile strength stable at 480-505MPa and elongation reaching 10%-15%, far exceeding the standard of traditional casting T6 state (≥470MPa, ≥3%), and the performance is uniform.

[0031] 2. Extrusion molding itself has the advantage of high precision. Combined with the tension straightening and shaping of this process, the dimensional tolerance of the product can be controlled within 1.5mm, the deformation in the length direction can be controlled within 0.06mm, and the straightness and twisting can be ≤0.5mm / m, which greatly reduces the subsequent machining allowance.

[0032] 3. Strict homogenization and thermomechanical deformation processes effectively eliminate component segregation caused by casting, ensuring uniform composition in all parts of the product; through meticulous control of the entire process, including gradient heating of ingots, constant temperature extrusion, two-stage solution treatment and two-stage aging, the stability and repeatability of the process are ensured, making it suitable for industrial mass production.

[0033] 4. By setting up two switching heating components to heat and extrude the ingot billet separately, the heating and conveying processes of the billet are integrated into one. When one heating component is used in conjunction with the reverse extruder at the lifting component to convey and extrude the ingot, the other heating component can simultaneously perform gradient heating of the new ingot billet. This avoids the time wasted by the extruder waiting for the billet to be heated in the traditional single heating component mode. The transfer path and time of the ingot are greatly reduced throughout the process, and the heat loss of the heated ingot during the transfer process can be prevented. This dual heating component alternating operation mode effectively realizes the parallel processing of ingot billet heating and extrusion operations, making the heating and feeding links and the extrusion links closely connected, greatly improving the continuous operation capability and production efficiency of the equipment, and significantly shortening the overall production cycle. It is especially suitable for casting aluminum alloy extrusion production lines with high production rhythm requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the production process in this invention;

[0036] Figure 2 These are metallographic images of the edge of a cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 50x microscope.

[0037] Figure 3 These are metallographic images of the edge of a cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 100x microscope.

[0038] Figure 4 These are metallographic images of the edge of a cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 200x microscope.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a metallographic photograph of half-radius position of cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 50x microscope.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a metallographic photograph of the cast ZL205A aluminum alloy at half its radius after traditional processing, taken under a 100x microscope.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a metallographic photograph of the cast ZL205A aluminum alloy at half its radius after traditional processing, taken under a 200x microscope.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a metallographic photograph of the core of a cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 50x microscope.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a metallographic photograph of the core of the as-cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 100x microscope.

[0044] Figure 10 This is a metallographic photograph of the core of the as-cast ZL205A aluminum alloy after traditional processing, taken under a 200x microscope.

[0045] Figure 11 This is a metallographic photograph of the extruded ZL205A-T651 profile after processing according to the present invention, under a 50x microscope;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a metallographic photograph of the extruded ZL205A-T651 profile after processing according to the present invention, under a 100x microscope.

[0047] Figure 13 This is a metallographic photograph of the extruded ZL205A-T651 profile after processing according to the present invention, under a 200x microscope;

[0048] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the production equipment in this invention;

[0049] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the heating feeder in this invention;

[0050] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the heating component in this invention;

[0051] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame and heat insulation ring in this invention;

[0052] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting assembly in this invention;

[0053] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the heating component in this invention;

[0054] In the diagram: 1. Reverse extruder; 2. Translation assembly; 3. Support base; 4. Insulation cylinder; 5. Telescopic component; 6. Electromagnetic heater; 7. Insulation cover; 8. Guide block; 9. Support frame; 10. Through groove; 11. Limiting sleeve; 12. Rack; 13. Support component; 14. Gear; 15. Motor; 16. Heat insulation ring; 17. Heating chamber; 18. Conveying pipe; 19. Air pump; 20. Guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0056] The ZL205A involved in this invention is a cast aluminum alloy, the composition of which is shown in Table 1, and its mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Cu Mn Ti Zr Cd B V Fe Si Mg Zn other Al 4.6~ 5.3 0.3~ 0.5 0.15~0.35 0.05~0.20 0.15~0.25 0.005~0.06 0.05~0.30 ≤0.15 ≤0.06 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤0.15 margin

[0058] Table 1 Chemical composition (mass fraction) of ZL205A / %

[0059] Alloy condition Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (A%) ZL205A-T6 ≥470 ≥3

[0060] Table 2 Performance Indicators of ZL205A

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the extrusion production process of the cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. The casting rod is cast using the hot-top casting method. It is required that the segregation layer and loose layer on the surface be cleaned by machining. The casting rod is processed into ingot billets according to the requirements. Homogenization is carried out at 500-510℃ / 24h, and the furnace is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of ≤50℃ / h to prevent internal stress caused by rapid cooling. This allows the alloy in the casting rod to be fully precipitated, resulting in a uniform structure. The finished ingot size is φ478*600mm.

[0063] S2. The ingot heating method adopts electromagnetic induction heating, which can achieve precise ingot temperature control, and achieve a temperature difference of ≥40℃ between the head and tail of the ingot. The head temperature is 430℃ and the tail temperature is 375℃. The overall ingot temperature can be adjusted within the range of 370-500℃. The extrusion press used is a reverse extrusion press. The extrusion cylinder needs to be raised to a certain temperature to ensure that the ingot temperature does not drop during the extrusion process and achieve constant temperature extrusion. The temperature difference between the extrusion cylinder and the ingot temperature should be within 30℃. The temperature of the extrusion cylinder and the die is controlled at 420-430℃. The die is a measuring orifice die, the extrusion ratio is 23.5, and the extrusion discharge speed is 800mm / min to ensure that the outlet temperature of the extruded product is uniform and stable.

[0064] S3. Solution quenching heat treatment is offline quenching, and the solution treatment method is bipolar solution treatment. The specific process is 525-530℃ / 3h + 535-540℃ / 6h, the quenching transfer time is ≤20s, the water temperature before quenching is 18℃, and the water temperature after quenching is 22℃.

[0065] S4. After quenching, the profile is stretched and straightened with a stretching rate of 2.2-2.5% and a straightness of ≤0.5mm / m to eliminate residual stress generated during extrusion; then it is shaped with a twisting machine with a twist of ≤0.5mm / m.

[0066] S5. The aging heat treatment is artificial aging, and the aging adopts bipolar aging. The difference between the furnace loading heating time and the quenching completion time is 5 hours and 15 minutes. The heating time is 3 hours and 20 minutes. The holding regime is 115-120℃ / 3 hours + 160-170℃ / 6 hours.

[0067] To verify the effectiveness of the process of this invention, metallographic observations were performed on the as-cast ZL205A aluminum alloy (comparative example) after traditional processing and the extruded ZL205A-T651 aluminum alloy profile prepared by steps S1 to S5 of this embodiment. The most representative field of view was selected as follows: Figures 1 to 12 As shown.

[0068] Figures 2 to 10 These are metallographic images of traditional as-cast structures. Figures 1 to 3 Metallographic images of the edge of the ingot under 50x, 100x, and 200x microscopes, respectively; Figures 4 to 6 Metallographic images of the R / 2 region of the ingot under 50x, 100x, and 200x microscopes, respectively; Figures 7 to 9 The images show metallographic photographs of the ingot core under 50x, 100x, and 200x microscopes. As can be seen from the figures, the as-cast microstructure exhibits obvious casting defects such as porosity, looseness, and shrinkage cavities. Furthermore, the microstructure shows poor uniformity and uneven defect distribution at different locations (edge, R / 2 area, and core). This as-cast microstructure represents the typical microstructural characteristics of profiles produced by traditional casting processes (such as sand casting, shell casting, and die casting).

[0069] Figures 11 to 13 This is a metallographic photograph of the extruded ZL205A-T651 profile prepared using the process described in this embodiment. Since the microstructure of this profile is highly homogenized, with minimal differences between different locations, it is unnecessary to differentiate by location; it is sufficient to display the microstructure at different magnifications. Figures 11 to 13 The images show metallographic photographs of the profile under 50x, 100x, and 200x microscopes, respectively. As can be seen from the figures, after processing with the process of this invention, the profile has a dense and uniform microstructure, with no casting defects such as porosity or looseness, and the microstructure shows good consistency under different viewing fields.

[0070] The above metallographic structure comparison shows that the present invention effectively eliminates the inherent defects such as porosity, looseness, and shrinkage cavities in cast aluminum alloys through extrusion deformation and matching heat treatment processes, significantly improves the uniformity of the structure, overcomes the inherent shortcomings of traditional casting processes, and provides a microstructure basis for improving mechanical properties.

[0071] This invention produces ZL205A-T651 state products from cast aluminum alloy ZL205A through homogenization heat treatment of cast rods, gradient heating of ingots, constant temperature extrusion, solution quenching, tension straightening and stress relief, and aging heat treatment. This results in uniform product dimensions, reduced machining allowances, and experimental results showing that its mechanical properties include a tensile strength of 480-505 MPa and an elongation of 10%-15%, achieving the synergistic goal of reducing profile defect rate and meeting mechanical performance indicators.

[0072] During the extrusion process, the front end of the ingot near the die generates a large amount of deformation heat, causing a temperature rise. To counteract this temperature rise, this invention artificially creates a reverse temperature gradient during heating. Specifically, it uses electromagnetic induction heating to ensure that the temperature at the ingot's head end is higher than that at the tail end, with the temperature decreasing sequentially from the head to the tail end. As extrusion proceeds, the metal at the tail end, which has a lower temperature, gradually moves forward. Just as it is about to enter the deformation zone, the heat accumulated from previous deformation and friction causes it to heat up. Finally, at the moment it passes through the die hole, the temperature is controlled within the target range. This temperature distribution design effectively balances the problem of excessively high front-end temperature caused by deformation heat during extrusion, avoiding defects such as coarse grains and decreased mechanical properties in the profile structure caused by local overheating.

[0073] The specific process of step S2 is as follows:

[0074] S21. For a heating component that is far from the lifting component, the ingot billet is placed inside its support frame 9. The expansion joint 5 retracts, driving the insulation cover 7, support frame 9 and ingot billet to move towards the insulation cylinder 4, so that the ingot enters the insulation cylinder 4.

[0075] S22. The ingot billet is heated by electromagnetic heater 6. Different electromagnetic heaters 6 are set with different temperatures to achieve a gradient heating mode that reduces from the head end to the tail end of the ingot.

[0076] S23. After heating is completed, the heating component is moved to the lifting component below the reverse extruder 1 by the translation component 2;

[0077] S24. The high-temperature air in the insulation cylinder 4 is drawn into the insulation cylinder 4 of another heating component that is not in a state of rest through the air pump 19 and the delivery pipe 18 to preheat the new cold casting billet.

[0078] S25. The extension of the telescopic component 5 drives the insulation cover 7, support frame 9 and ingot billet to move to the outside of the insulation cylinder 4. The lifting component transports the ingot billet upward to the reverse extruder 1. The reverse extruder 1 picks up the ingot billet and extrudes it.

[0079] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides an extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A. This equipment is applied to the above-mentioned extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A and includes a reverse extrusion press 1 and a heated feeder.

[0080] The heating feeder is located below the reverse extruder 1 and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet and convey it to the reverse extruder 1.

[0081] The heating feeder includes a translation component 2, a heating component, and a lifting component; the translation component 2 can be a specific structure such as a tracked type, a toothed drive flat plate type, or a telescopic type, as long as it can achieve reciprocating motion.

[0082] The translation component 2 is used to drive the heating component to reciprocate and switch motion below the reverse extruder 1; the heating component is provided in pairs and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet; the lifting component is used to lift the heated ingot billet into the reverse extruder 1.

[0083] The two heating components can be switched below the reverse extruder 1 via the translation component 2. After one heating component finishes heating its ingot billet, it is moved to the lifting component below the reverse extruder 1. The lifting component then transports the ingot in the heating component upwards to the reverse extruder 1 for automatic pickup. During the time when the lifting component is transporting the ingot and the reverse extruder 1 is performing constant-temperature extrusion on the ingot, the ingot billet can be placed inside the other heating component to heat it to the target temperature. After the reverse extruder 1 completes the extrusion operation, the translation component 2 moves the heated ingot billet along with the heating component to the lifting component, which then supplies it to the reverse extruder 1. This process is repeated in a cycle.

[0084] This invention integrates the heating and conveying processes of ingot billets by setting up two switching heating components to heat and extrude the ingot billets separately. When one heating component is used in conjunction with the reverse extruder 1 at the lifting component for ingot conveying and extrusion, the other heating component can simultaneously perform gradient heating of the new ingot billet. This avoids the wasted time that the extruder has to wait for the billet to finish heating in the traditional single heating component mode. The transfer path and time of the ingot are also greatly reduced, preventing the heated ingot from losing heat during the transfer process. This dual heating component alternating operation mode effectively realizes the parallel processing of ingot billet heating and extrusion operations, making the heating and feeding links closely connected with the extrusion links, greatly improving the continuous operation capability and production efficiency of the equipment, and significantly shortening the overall production cycle. It is especially suitable for casting aluminum alloy extrusion production lines with high production rhythm requirements.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating component includes a support base 3, which is fixedly connected to the surface of the translation component 2; a heat preservation cylinder 4 and a telescopic component 5 are fixedly connected to the surface of the support base 3; the telescopic component 5 may be a drive component such as an electric telescopic rod, a cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder; a set of electromagnetic heaters 6 are evenly distributed on the outer side of the heat preservation cylinder 4; a heat preservation cover 7 is provided at the opening of the heat preservation cylinder 4; the bottom of the heat preservation cover 7 is connected to the telescopic component 5 through a guide block 8; a support frame 9 is fixedly connected to the surface of the heat preservation cover 7; both the support base 3 and the translation component 2 have through slots 10 for the lifting component to pass through.

[0086] During loading, the heating component places the ingot billet into the support frame 9. The telescopic component 5 retracts, causing the insulation cover 7, support frame 9, and ingot to move towards the insulation cylinder 4, allowing the ingot to enter the insulation cylinder 4. The insulation cover 7 seals the opening of the insulation cylinder 4, forming a heat-insulating structure to improve heating efficiency. Subsequently, the ingot is heated by the electromagnetic heater 6. Different heaters are set with different temperatures to achieve a gradient heating mode that reduces from the head end to the tail end of the ingot. When the heating component moves to the lifting component, the telescopic component 5 extends, causing the insulation cover 7, support frame 9, and ingot to move towards the outside of the insulation cylinder 4. Then, the lifting component passes through the through groove 10 and lifts and transports the ingot upwards.

[0087] In this embodiment, five electromagnetic heaters 6 are provided, and their set temperatures from the head end to the tail end of the ingot are 430℃, 417℃, 403℃, 389℃, and 375℃ respectively. Of course, other temperatures can also be set according to actual needs.

[0088] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting assembly includes a limiting sleeve 11; a rack 12 is slidably connected inside the limiting sleeve 11; an arc-shaped support member 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the rack 12; a gear 14 is meshed with the side of the rack 12; and a motor 15 is driven by the gear 14.

[0089] When the lifting assembly receives the instruction to transport the ingot, the motor 15 drives the gear 14 to rotate, causing the rack 12 to rise linearly inside the limiting sleeve 11. The support member 13 at its top also moves upward synchronously. The arc-shaped design of the support member 13 can perfectly fit the outer surface of the ingot, thus firmly lifting the ingot from the support frame 9. When the ingot is lifted to the predetermined height, the motor 15 stops running. At this time, the lifting assembly completes the upward lifting action of the ingot, and the picking device of the reverse extruder 1 automatically picks up the ingot. Then the motor 15 reverses, causing the rack 12 and the support member 13 to descend along the limiting sleeve 11 and return to the initial position, waiting for the next lifting instruction.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present invention, a set of heat insulation rings 16 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation cylinder 4, and the inner diameter of the heat insulation rings 16 corresponds to the diameter of the ingot blank; the heat insulation rings 16 divide the interior of the heat insulation cylinder 4 into several heating chambers 17, and the electromagnetic heaters 6 are located on the outside of each heating chamber 17; the surface of the heat insulation rings 16 is provided with guide grooves 20 for the support frame 9 to pass through.

[0091] After the ingot billet enters the insulation cylinder 4, multiple heating chambers 17 are formed between the insulation cylinder 4, the heat insulation ring 16, and the ingot. Each heating chamber 17 is independently equipped with a temperature sensor, which can monitor the temperature inside the chamber in real time during the heating process and feed it back to the control system to ensure that the temperature of each heating chamber 17 is accurately controlled within the set range. The heat insulation ring 16 can be made of high-purity alumina ceramic material, which has excellent heat insulation performance and high temperature resistance. It can effectively prevent heat transfer between adjacent heating chambers 17 and avoid temperature interference and disorder. Thus, a precise temperature gradient is formed in the insulation cylinder 4 along the length of the ingot billet, providing a stable temperature environment for subsequent extrusion molding.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, a delivery pipe 18 and an air pump 19 are connected between the insulation cylinders 4; the air pump 19 is used to drive air to flow bidirectionally between a pair of insulation cylinders 4 through the delivery pipe 18, and the air pump 19 has the function of bidirectionally driving fluid.

[0093] When a heating element is moved to the lifting element, the ingot billet inside it has been heated, and the air inside the insulation cylinder 4 is at a high temperature. Before opening the insulation cover 7, the high-temperature air in the insulation cylinder 4 is first drawn into the insulation cylinder 4 of another heating element that is in an idle state through the air pump 19 and the delivery pipe 18. At this time, the insulation cylinder 4 of the idle heating element is already loaded with ingots and the insulation cover 7 is closed. This operation can utilize the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heated insulation cylinder 4 and let it enter the unheated insulation cylinder 4. The heat transfer of the hot air is used to quickly preheat the new cold ingot billet, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the new ingot and reducing energy consumption. Since the air pump 19 has the function of bidirectional fluid drive, the above operation can be performed when any heating element is moved to the lifting element.

[0094] The number of conveying pipes 18 and heating chambers 17 is the same; the conveying pipes 18 are respectively connected between the corresponding heating chambers 17 of a pair of insulation cylinders 4, for example, the heating chambers 17 at the head end 430°C of a pair of insulation cylinders 4 are connected to each other, and the heating chambers 17 at the tail end 375°C of a pair of insulation cylinders 4 are connected to each other.

[0095] After the 430°C heating chamber 17 in the insulation cylinder 4 of a certain heating component completes the heating of the ingot billet, the air pump 19 can accurately pump the high-temperature air in the heating chamber 17 to the 430°C heating chamber 17 of another idle heating component insulation cylinder 4 through the corresponding delivery pipe 18, and preheat the cold ingot billet there accordingly, so that its temperature quickly approaches the heating range of 430°C. Similarly, the high-temperature air in the heating chambers 17 of other temperatures can also be directionally transferred and preheated through dedicated delivery pipes 18. This partitioned heat exchange method allows the heating chambers 17 of different temperature ranges to independently deliver and utilize high-temperature air, avoiding heat loss or temperature interference caused by the mixing of hot air from different temperature ranges, further improving the accuracy of preheating and heat utilization efficiency, ensuring that the new ingot billet can reach the set temperature more quickly when entering the heating stage, significantly shortening the overall heating time, and maximizing the recovery of heat from high-temperature waste gas that might otherwise be directly emitted, thus achieving the cascade utilization of energy.

[0096] The above technology has two implementation schemes. One is that the air pump 19 is a common bidirectional air pump 19, such as a diaphragm air pump 19 or a small vacuum pump, which can achieve bidirectional flow by changing its rotation direction. Multiple air pumps 19 are provided, and the number is the same as the number of delivery pipes 18. Each air pump 19 is independently connected to each heating chamber 17 through the delivery pipe 18. The other is that the air pump 19 is a multi-channel bidirectional air pump 19, and only one is needed, such as a multi-channel peristaltic pump. The number of channels is the same as the number of delivery pipes 18, and each channel is independently connected to each heating chamber 17 through the delivery pipe 18.

[0097] The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" all refer to the figures in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 Based on the perspective of the observer, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0098] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0099] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An extrusion production process for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Homogenization heat treatment of ingots: The cast aluminum alloy rods are machined to remove the surface segregation layer and loose layer to obtain ingot billets; the ingot billets are homogenized by holding at 470-530℃ for 18-30h, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace at a cooling rate of no more than 50℃ / h. S2, Ingot Gradient Heating and Constant Temperature Extrusion: The ingot billet obtained in S1 is heated in a gradient manner by electromagnetic induction heating so that the temperature difference between the head and tail is not less than 40℃; a reverse extrusion press (1) is used for constant temperature extrusion, the temperature difference between the extrusion cylinder and the ingot is controlled within 30℃, and the extrusion flow rate is 500-1000mm / min. S3. Solution quenching heat treatment: The extruded products obtained in S2 are subjected to offline double-stage solution quenching. The solution process is to hold at 525-530℃ for 2-4 hours, then raise the temperature to 535-542℃ and hold for 4-8 hours. The quenching transfer time is no more than 20 seconds, the water temperature before quenching is no more than 30℃, and the water temperature after quenching is no more than 45℃. S4. Tension Straightening and Shaping: The profiles after S3 quenching are tension straightened, with the tensile rate controlled between 1.8% and 3.0%. S5. Aging heat treatment: Within 6 hours after the S3 solution quenching is completed, the profiles straightened by S4 are subjected to artificial double-stage aging treatment. The aging regime is to hold at 115-120℃ for 2-4 hours, then raise the temperature to 160-170℃ and hold for another 4-8 hours.

2. The extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the aluminum alloy casting rod is produced by hot top casting.

3. The extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the overall temperature of the ingot billet after heating is controlled at 370-500℃.

4. The extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step S2 is as follows: S21. For a heating component that is far from the lifting component, the ingot billet is placed inside its support frame (9). The expansion joint (5) retracts and drives the insulation cover (7), support frame (9) and ingot billet to move towards the insulation cylinder (4), so that the ingot enters the insulation cylinder (4). S22. The ingot billet is heated by an electromagnetic heater (6). Different electromagnetic heaters (6) are set with different temperatures to achieve a gradient heating mode that reduces from the head end to the tail end of the ingot. S23. After heating is completed, the heating component is moved to the lifting component below the reverse extruder (1) by the translation component (2); S24. The high-temperature air in the insulation cylinder (4) is drawn into the insulation cylinder (4) of another idle heating component through the air pump (19) and the delivery pipe (18) to preheat the new cold casting billet. S25. The extension of the telescopic component (5) drives the insulation cover (7), support frame (9) and ingot billet to move to the outside of the insulation cylinder (4). The lifting component transports the ingot billet upward to the reverse extruder (1). The reverse extruder (1) picks up the ingot billet and extrudes it.

5. An extrusion production apparatus for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A, wherein the apparatus is applied to the extrusion production process of cast aluminum alloy ZL205A as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes a reverse extruder (1) and a heated feeder; The heating feeder is located below the reverse extruder (1) and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet and convey it to the reverse extruder (1). The heating feeder includes a translation component (2), a heating component and a lifting component; the translation component (2) is used to drive the heating component to reciprocate and switch motion below the reverse extruder (1); the heating component is provided in a pair and is used to perform gradient heating on the ingot billet; the lifting component is used to lift the heated ingot billet into the reverse extruder (1).

6. The extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating assembly includes a support base (3); a heat insulation cylinder (4) and a telescopic component (5) are fixedly connected to the surface of the support base (3); a set of electromagnetic heaters (6) are evenly distributed on the outer side of the heat insulation cylinder (4); a heat insulation cover (7) is provided at the opening of the heat insulation cylinder (4); the bottom of the heat insulation cover (7) is connected to the telescopic component (5) through a guide block (8); a support frame (9) is fixedly connected to the surface of the heat insulation cover (7); the support base (3) and the translation assembly (2) are both provided with through slots (10) for the lifting assembly to pass through.

7. The extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting assembly includes a limiting sleeve (11); a rack (12) is slidably connected inside the limiting sleeve (11); an arc-shaped support (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the rack (12); a gear (14) is meshed with the side of the rack (12); and a motor (15) is driven by the gear (14).

8. The extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 6, characterized in that: A set of heat insulation rings (16) are evenly distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation cylinder (4); the heat insulation rings (16) divide the interior of the heat insulation cylinder (4) into several heating chambers (17), and the electromagnetic heaters (6) are located on the outside of each heating chamber (17); the surface of the heat insulation rings (16) is provided with guide grooves (20) for the support frame (9) to pass through.

9. The extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 8, characterized in that: A delivery pipe (18) and an air pump (19) are connected between the insulation cylinders (4); the air pump (19) is used to drive bidirectional airflow between a pair of insulation cylinders (4) through the delivery pipe (18).

10. The extrusion production equipment for cast aluminum alloy ZL205A according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of conveying pipes (18) is the same as the number of heating chambers (17); the conveying pipes (18) are respectively connected between the corresponding heating chambers (17) of a pair of insulation cylinders (4).

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