Polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of composite materials. The polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material comprises 30-60 parts of metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric and 40-70 parts of a resin composition, the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is of a three-dimensional woven structure, metal particles and inorganic non-metal nanometer materials are loaded on the surface of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric, and gaps of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric are filled with the resin composition. Wherein the interlayer mechanical property of the composite material is guaranteed by the three-dimensional braided structure; the inorganic non-metal nano material enhances the interface bonding force through the needle-shaped morphology, and further optimizes the mechanical and heat conduction synergistic effect; polymer resin fills gaps to enhance the overall structure stability; a multi-component composite structure is formed on the surface of the three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric, so that the mechanical property and the heat-conducting property are synchronously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite materials technology, specifically to a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G and semiconductor technologies, modern electronic components are moving towards greater integration, miniaturization, and complexity. While higher efficiency brings convenience to people's lives, it also presents a series of challenges. For example, rapid heat generation causes integrated circuits to accumulate large amounts of heat in a short time, which in turn shortens the lifespan of electronic devices, posing a serious challenge to their performance and stability. Effective heat dissipation solutions are urgently needed to resolve this dilemma. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and its preparation method, aiming to solve the problems of poor interlayer mechanical properties and poor interlayer thermal conductivity in existing electronic devices.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material, wherein the polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material comprises 30-60 parts of metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric and 40-70 parts of resin composition; the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric has a three-dimensional woven structure, the surface of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is loaded with metal particles and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, and the resin composition fills the gaps in the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric.

[0005] As a further improvement to this application, the three-dimensional braided structure includes one of an orthogonal joint structure, an interlocking joint structure, and a multi-axial warp-knitted structure; the areal density of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is 100~500 g / m². 2 .

[0006] As a further improvement of this application, the metal particles are one or more of silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and iron nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal particles is 10~500nm.

[0007] As a further improvement of this application, the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial is any one of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide; the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial has a needle-like morphology with an aspect ratio of (5~20):1.

[0008] As a further improvement of this application, the resin composition is obtained by mixing a polymer resin and a curing agent at a mass ratio of 1:(0.08~1.2); the polymer resin is one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and polyimide.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: S1. Surface pretreatment: The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric is surface activated to obtain pretreated carbon fiber fabric; S2. Loading of metal nanoparticles: The pretreated carbon fiber fabric is immersed in a metal nanoparticle precursor solution, a reducing agent is added, and a reduction reaction occurs under stirring conditions. After the reaction is completed, the fabric is washed and dried to obtain carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles. S3. Loading of inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials: The carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles is immersed in an inorganic non-metallic precursor solution and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, it is naturally cooled, washed, and dried to obtain the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials. S4. Preparation of composite material: After the polymer resin and curing agent are mixed evenly, the mixture is infiltrated into the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metal nanomaterials by vacuum infiltration technology. After curing, a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material is obtained.

[0010] As a further improvement of this application, in step S3, the solute in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is any one of aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, and zinc nitrate; the solvent in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is hexamethylenetetramine; and the concentration of the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is 0.001~0.05 mol / L.

[0011] As a further improvement of this application, in step S2, the solute in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, copper sulfate, chloroplatinic acid, and ferric chloride; the solvent in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of deionized water and ethanol; and the concentration of the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is 0.01~0.5 mol / L.

[0012] As a further improvement of this application, in step S2, the reducing agent is at least one of sodium borohydride, sodium hypophosphite, ascorbic acid, and formaldehyde, and the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.02~1.0 mol / L; the temperature of the reduction reaction is 25~60℃, the reaction time is 1~6h, and the stirring speed is 100~500r / min.

[0013] As a further improvement of this application, in step S3, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 60~120℃, the reaction time is 4~12h, and the reaction pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and its preparation method. The composite material comprises 30-60 parts of metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric and 40-70 parts of a resin composition. The metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric has a three-dimensional woven structure, and its surface is loaded with metal particles and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials. The resin composition fills the gaps in the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric. This application ensures the interlayer mechanical properties of the composite material through the three-dimensional woven structure; the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials enhance interfacial bonding through their needle-like morphology, further optimizing the synergistic effect of mechanical and thermal conductivity; the polymer resin filling the gaps enhances the overall structural stability; and the multi-component composite structure formed on the surface of the three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric achieves simultaneous improvement in mechanical and thermal conductivity.

[0015] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the carbon fiber fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles / needle-shaped zinc oxide prepared in Example 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application are described in detail below. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this application more clearly, and are therefore only examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terms “comprising” and “having” and any variations thereof as used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0021] To address the issues of poor interlayer mechanical properties and poor interlayer thermal conductivity in existing electronic devices, this application provides a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material and its preparation method. By using three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric as a skeleton and loading metal nanoparticles and needle-like inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials in situ on its surface, a micro-welded thermal conductive network and an interfacial mechanical interlocking structure are constructed, thereby achieving a significant improvement in the interlayer mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the composite material.

[0022] In a first aspect, this application provides a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material, which comprises 30-60 parts of metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric and 40-70 parts of resin composition; the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric has a three-dimensional woven structure, the surface of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is loaded with metal particles and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, and the resin composition fills the gaps in the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the three-dimensional braided structure ensures the interlayer mechanical properties of the composite material; metal particles form a continuous micro-welded conductive and thermally conductive network on the surface of the carbon fiber fabric and in the gaps between fiber bundles, utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity of metal to construct an efficient heat transfer path, significantly improving the interlayer thermal conductivity efficiency of the composite material, and realizing rapid heat diffusion and conduction; the needle-like morphology of inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials can penetrate into the interface gap between fibers and resin, forming a mechanical anchoring effect, enhancing the interfacial bonding force between components, while its own high temperature resistance and mechanical reinforcement properties further optimize the comprehensive performance of the composite material; polymer resin fills the gaps, further fixing the in-situ grown thermally conductive particles and enhancing the overall structural stability; the metal-inorganic non-metal-polymer multi-component composite structure formed on the surface of the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber fabric achieves a synergistic improvement in mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, meeting the multifunctional requirements of electronic devices for heat dissipation materials.

[0024] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the three-dimensional braided structure includes one of the following: an orthogonal joint structure, an interlocking joint structure, and a multi-axial warp-knitted structure; the areal density of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is 100~500 g / m². 2 .

[0025] In the technical solutions of this application embodiment, the orthogonal joint structure has the characteristics of regular structure and mechanical balance, and is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for structural stability; the interlayer bonding force of the corner interlocking joint structure is stronger and the shear resistance is excellent; the multi-axial warp knitting structure has better molding flexibility and mechanical direction adjustment capability.

[0026] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the metal particles are one or more of silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and iron nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal particles is 10~500nm.

[0027] In the technical solutions of this application embodiment, silver nanoparticles have the best thermal and electrical conductivity and are the preferred high-performance thermal conductive component; copper nanoparticles have a high cost-performance ratio and thermal conductivity close to that of silver, making them suitable for cost-sensitive scenarios; gold nanoparticles and platinum nanoparticles have excellent stability and are suitable for special harsh environments; iron nanoparticles have both thermal conductivity and magnetic properties, which can expand the functional diversity of materials.

[0028] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial is any one of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide; the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial has a needle-like morphology with an aspect ratio of (5~20):1.

[0029] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the aspect ratio of the needle-like morphology is 5~20:1. Its sharp ends can penetrate the weak layer of the interface of each component, forming an effective interface bridge, significantly improving the interface bonding strength. At the same time, the needle-like structure can play the role of a thermal bridge in the thermal conduction path, reducing thermal resistance.

[0030] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the resin composition is obtained by mixing a polymer resin and a curing agent at a mass ratio of 1:(0.08~1.2); the polymer resin is one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and polyimide.

[0031] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, polymer resin fills the gaps to further fix the thermally conductive particles and enhance the overall structural stability.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Surface pretreatment: The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric is surface activated to obtain pretreated carbon fiber fabric; S2. Loading of metal nanoparticles: The pretreated carbon fiber fabric is immersed in a metal nanoparticle precursor solution, a reducing agent is added, and a reduction reaction occurs under stirring conditions. After the reaction is completed, the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles is obtained by washing and drying. S3. Loading of inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials: Carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles is immersed in an inorganic non-metallic precursor solution for hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, it is naturally cooled, washed, and dried to obtain carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials. S4. Preparation of composite material: After the polymer resin and curing agent are mixed evenly, they are infiltrated into the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metal nanomaterials by vacuum infiltration technology. After curing, a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material is obtained.

[0033] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, carbon fiber fabric is first surface activated, then metal nanoparticles are loaded onto the carbon fiber fabric, followed by inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, and finally, it is immersed in resin for curing to obtain a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material. The three-dimensional braided structure ensures the interlayer mechanical properties of the composite material; the metal micro-welded network ensures efficient heat conduction pathways; the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials enhance interfacial bonding; the polymer resin fills the gaps, further fixing the heat-conducting particles and enhancing the overall structural stability; a multi-element composite structure is formed on the surface of the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber fabric, achieving simultaneous optimization of mechanical and thermal conductivity properties.

[0034] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S1, the surface activation treatment is either hydrochloric acid etching or dopamine coating.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S3, the solute in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is any one of aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, and zinc nitrate; the solvent in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is hexamethylenetetramine; and the concentration of the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is 0.001~0.05 mol / L.

[0036] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, hexamethylenetetramine serves as a solvent and reaction regulator, slowly releasing ammonia molecules during the hydrothermal reaction to adjust the pH value of the reaction system, promoting the hydrolysis and directional growth of the inorganic non-metallic precursor, and ensuring the formation of needle-shaped nanomaterials. The concentration is controlled between 0.001 and 0.05 mol / L. Too low a concentration will result in insufficient loading of inorganic non-metallic materials, failing to form effective interface reinforcement and thermal conductivity assistance; too high a concentration will cause material agglomeration, disrupting the continuity of the metal micro-welding network.

[0037] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S2, the solute in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, copper sulfate, chloroplatinic acid, and ferric chloride; the solvent in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of deionized water and ethanol; and the concentration of the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is 0.01~0.5 mol / L.

[0038] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the metal salt precursor can be selected from silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, copper sulfate, chloroplatinic acid, ferric chloride, etc., which can be rapidly reduced to the corresponding metal nanoparticles under the action of a reducing agent. The solvent is selected from deionized water, ethanol, or a mixture of both. The addition of ethanol can improve the wettability of the precursor solution on the carbon fiber fabric surface, promoting the uniform deposition of metal nanoparticles. A concentration in the range of 0.01~0.5 mol / L allows for precise control of the metal particle loading, ensuring the formation of a continuous and dense micro-welding network.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S2, the reducing agent is at least one of sodium borohydride, sodium hypophosphite, ascorbic acid, and formaldehyde, and the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.02~1.0 mol / L; the temperature of the reduction reaction is 25~60℃, the reaction time is 1~6h, and the stirring speed is 100~500r / min.

[0040] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, under these conditions, sodium borohydride has the highest reduction efficiency and is suitable for the rapid preparation of high-load metal particles; sodium hypophosphite has a mild reduction process, which can reduce metal particle aggregation; ascorbic acid is a green and environmentally friendly reducing agent, suitable for scenarios with high environmental friendliness requirements; formaldehyde has the advantages of low cost and easy industrial application. The concentration of the reducing agent is 1.5 to 3 times the concentration of the metal precursor to ensure complete reduction of metal ions. The coordinated control of reaction temperature, time and stirring speed can achieve precise control of the particle size and dispersibility of metal nanoparticles, avoiding particle aggregation and overgrowth.

[0041] In some embodiments, in step S3, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 60~120℃, the reaction time is 4~12h, and the reaction pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa.

[0042] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, under these conditions, the hydrothermal reaction temperature directly affects the growth rate and morphology of inorganic non-metallic materials. The directional growth of needle-like structures can be achieved in the range of 60~120℃. The reaction time of 4~12h ensures that the precursor reacts completely and the crystal grows maturely. The reaction pressure is automatically formed by the closed reaction vessel. If the pressure is too high, the crystal will grow too fast and cause agglomeration. If the pressure is too low, it will affect the integrity of the crystal structure.

[0043] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S3, the curing agent includes at least one of amine curing agents, acid anhydride curing agents, and latent curing agents, the curing pressure is 0.1~1.0 MPa, the curing temperature is 120~200℃, and the curing time is 1~8h.

[0044] Furthermore, in some embodiments, curing is performed using staged temperature increase curing, including the following steps: first, holding at 125~140℃ for 1~3 hours, and then raising the temperature to 160~185℃ and holding for 1~6 hours.

[0045] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S3, the absolute pressure of vacuum permeation is less than 30 kPa.

[0046] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, under these conditions, the polymer resin can be fully penetrated, and the stability of the overall structure can be enhanced.

[0047] The following are some specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they shall be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0048] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material, specifically including the following steps: S1. Surface pretreatment: The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric is coated with dopamine. A dopamine hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 2 mg / mL is dissolved in a Tris-HCl buffer solution with a pH of 8.5. The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric is then immersed in the solution and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the pretreated carbon fiber fabric.

[0049] S2. Loading of metal nanoparticles: Pretreated carbon fiber fabric (45 parts by mass) was immersed in a 0.25 mol / L silver nitrate solution, and 0.5 mol / L sodium borohydride was added. The mixture was stirred at 500 r / min and reacted at 45 °C for 3 h to obtain carbon fiber fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles.

[0050] S3. The carbon fiber fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles was immersed in a hexamethylenetetramine solution of zinc nitrate (0.025 mol / L) and kept at 0.5 MPa and 85 °C for 8 h to obtain a carbon fiber fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles / needle-shaped zinc oxide, as shown below. Figure 1As shown, silver nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of carbon fibers, and needle-shaped zinc oxide nanomaterials grow radially to form a dense nanostructure. This unique surface-modified structure effectively enhances the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the subsequent resin matrix, while also constructing an efficient thermally conductive network, significantly improving the overall performance of the composite material.

[0051] S4. Epoxy resin E-51 and ethylenediamine are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1 (total mass parts: 45 parts). The mixture is injected into carbon fiber fabric loaded with silver nanoparticles / needle-shaped zinc oxide at 25 kPa. A pressure of 0.5 MPa is applied, and the mixture is kept at 130℃ for 2 h, and then kept at 170℃ for 3 h to obtain a polymer / silver nanoparticle / needle-shaped zinc oxide carbon fiber fabric composite material.

[0052] Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively provide a method for preparing polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite materials. The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of zinc nitrate is different, as shown in Table 1. The other steps are roughly the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0053] Table 1. Concentration of zinc nitrate and performance results of composite materials in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. As can be seen from the results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in Table 1, insufficient loading of needle-like zinc oxide resulted in weak interfacial reinforcement and the inability to form auxiliary thermal bridges, leading to a significant decrease in various performance indicators. Excessive concentration caused zinc oxide to easily agglomerate, disrupting the continuous micro-welding network of silver nanoparticles, obstructing thermal conductivity, and the agglomerated particles became weak points in mechanical properties, with bending strength and thermal conductivity decreasing simultaneously. Therefore, a zinc nitrate concentration of 0.001~0.05 mol / L yielded the best results.

[0054] Examples 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4 Examples 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4 respectively provide a method for preparing polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite materials. The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of silver nitrate solution is different, as shown in Table 2. Other steps are roughly the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Table 2. Concentration of silver nanoparticles and performance results of composite materials in Examples 1, 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4. As can be seen from the results of Examples 1, 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4 in Table 2, when the concentration of silver nitrate solution is 0.01-0.5 mol / L, this concentration can form a dense and continuous micro-welded thermal / electrical conductive network on the carbon fiber surface, while synergistically strengthening the interface with needle-like zinc oxide, achieving the optimal balance between mechanical and functional properties.

[0056] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material, characterized in that, The polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material comprises 30-60 parts of metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric and 40-70 parts of resin composition; the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric has a three-dimensional woven structure, the surface of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is loaded with metal particles and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials, and the resin composition fills the gaps in the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric.

2. The polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional braided structure includes one of the following: orthogonal joint structure, corner interlocking joint structure, and multi-axial warp knitting structure; the areal density of the metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric is 100~500g / m². 2 .

3. The polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal particles are one or more of silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and iron nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal particles is 10~500nm.

4. The polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial is any one of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide; the inorganic non-metallic nanomaterial has a needle-like morphology with an aspect ratio of (5~20):

1.

5. The polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resin composition is obtained by mixing a polymer resin and a curing agent at a mass ratio of 1:(0.08~1.2); the polymer resin is one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and polyimide.

6. A method for preparing a polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Surface pretreatment: The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric is surface activated to obtain pretreated carbon fiber fabric; S2. Loading of metal nanoparticles: The pretreated carbon fiber fabric is immersed in a metal nanoparticle precursor solution, a reducing agent is added, and a reduction reaction occurs under stirring conditions. After the reaction is completed, the fabric is washed and dried to obtain carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles. S3. Loading of inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials: The carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal nanoparticles is immersed in an inorganic non-metallic precursor solution and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, it is naturally cooled, washed, and dried to obtain the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials. S4. Preparation of composite material: After the polymer resin and curing agent are mixed evenly, the mixture is infiltrated into the carbon fiber fabric loaded with metal particles / inorganic non-metal nanomaterials by vacuum infiltration technology. After curing, a polymer / metal micro-welded / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material is obtained.

7. The method for preparing the polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the solute in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is any one of aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, and zinc nitrate; the solvent in the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is hexamethylenetetramine; and the concentration of the inorganic non-metallic precursor solution is 0.001~0.05 mol / L.

8. The method for preparing the polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the solute in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of silver nitrate, chloroauric acid, copper sulfate, chloroplatinic acid, and ferric chloride; the solvent in the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is at least one of deionized water and ethanol; and the concentration of the metal nanoparticle precursor solution is 0.01~0.5 mol / L.

9. The method for preparing the polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the reducing agent is at least one of sodium borohydride, sodium hypophosphite, ascorbic acid, and formaldehyde, and the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.02~1.0 mol / L; the temperature of the reduction reaction is 25~60℃, the reaction time is 1~6h, and the stirring speed is 100~500r / min.

10. The method for preparing the polymer / metal micro-welding / modified carbon fiber fabric composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 60~120℃, the reaction time is 4~12h, and the reaction pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa.

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