Obstacle-crossing construction method in limited space

Abstract

The invention discloses an obstacle crossing construction method in a limited space, and relates to the technical field of construction in the limited space. The moving route of the moving platform is limited through the rails, and the operation distance between the side wall and the ceiling is guaranteed. The brake device is used for limiting movement of the idler wheels, and personal safety during operation is guaranteed. And the platform plate is laid and fixed to provide an operation space for personnel construction. According to the method, the cost of measure materials is saved, meanwhile, the erecting time of the scaffold is remarkably shortened, the labor cost is reduced, meanwhile, safety guarantee is provided for personnel operation, and the method is an economical, simple, convenient, flexible and safe construction operation method and has good popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction technology in confined spaces, and more particularly to a method for constructing across obstacles in confined spaces. Background Technology

[0002] In construction engineering, the construction of side walls and ceilings in confined spaces is a common task. These spaces are generally characterized by large headroom and long longitudinal construction distances. The work area often contains various obstacles such as beams, columns, pipes, equipment foundations, and reserved openings. Pedestrian passageways must also be maintained on both sides for material transport and personnel access. Currently, the erection of operating platforms for such scenarios mainly uses either full-span scaffolding or mobile scaffolding, but both have significant drawbacks: full-span scaffolding requires a large amount of materials such as scaffold pipes, couplers, and scaffold boards; the labor costs for erection and dismantling are high, and the construction period is long. Furthermore, repeated dismantling and modification of the scaffolding at obstacle locations not only further increases construction costs but also easily compromises the overall stability of the scaffolding. Mobile scaffolding, due to its structural limitations, has a small working area and requires frequent movement and re-erection, resulting in extremely low efficiency for long-distance construction. It is also prone to collisions with obstacles during movement, posing significant safety hazards. Additionally, the limited erection height of mobile scaffolding cannot meet the requirements of construction with large headrooms.

[0003] Currently, there are some attempts to apply simple mobile platforms in the industry. However, existing mobile platforms generally suffer from problems such as non-standard track laying, poor frame stability, lack of dedicated braking devices, and inadequate safety protection measures. During obstacle-crossing movement, the platform is prone to tilting, jamming, and slippage, seriously threatening the personal safety of construction workers. Furthermore, the platform has poor adaptability and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the shape and position of obstacles, making it difficult to meet the construction requirements of complex and confined spaces. Therefore, developing a construction method that is simple to construct, low in cost, flexible in movement, safe and reliable, and adaptable to the needs of obstacle-crossing construction in confined spaces has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the construction industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for constructing across obstacles in confined spaces. This method effectively adapts to the distribution characteristics of obstacles within confined spaces, enabling the safe and flexible movement of the operating platform. It significantly reduces scaffolding material consumption and erection time, lowers construction costs, and simultaneously provides a construction method with comprehensive safety protection measures to ensure the safety of construction personnel and improve the construction efficiency and quality of side walls and ceilings in confined spaces.

[0005] To achieve this technical objective, the present invention adopts the following solution: Methods for constructing across obstacles in confined spaces include the following steps: Construction preparation and condition acceptance: After the main structure of the confined space is completed and the strength meets the design requirements, clean, level and compact the ground of the work area, and mark the location and size of obstacles; Track laying and reinforcement construction: along the longitudinal direction of the confined space, the track is laid and fixed to the ground with expansion bolts. Limiting blocks are set on both sides of the track. Installation and adjustment of movable rollers: Use rollers that match the track, and the rollers are equipped with braking devices; Erection of the operating platform frame: The frame is erected based on the roller support, using scaffolding pipes and fasteners. The bottom of the frame is set with a base plate, and the middle of the frame is set with a cross brace. Installation of diagonal supports and anti-lateral displacement components: Diagonal supports of scaffolding pipes are set along the track direction according to the shape of the obstacle. The angle between the diagonal supports and the horizontal ground is 45°~60°. The two ends of the diagonal supports are fixed to the uprights of the frame, roller brackets or ground embedded parts respectively. Lateral anti-lateral displacement components are added to the protruding parts of the obstacle corresponding to the position of the frame. The fixing points of the diagonal supports and anti-lateral displacement components are reinforced with double fasteners. Platform board installation and fixing: Use bamboo planks, wooden planks or steel planks to fully cover the top horizontal bars of the frame to form a platform board; Safety ladder installation and protection: Install a safety ladder on the front of the frame. Place wooden blocks between the ladder and the frame and double fix it with wire and fasteners. Place anti-slip pads at the bottom of the ladder and a transition platform at the top.

[0006] Furthermore, the bevel joints of the track are welded and polished smooth. Expansion bolts are used to fix the track to the ground with a spacing of 800mm~1200mm between fixing points. The spacing is increased to ≤600mm on both sides of obstacles and at track corners. The track level is corrected, and the horizontal deviation is less than or equal to 3mm / 2m.

[0007] Furthermore, the roller shaft uses wear-resistant bearings, the braking device is a holding brake type, and the braking device is installed on the roller bracket. The brake shoes are equipped with anti-slip rubber pads. The roller brackets are symmetrically installed on the track, and the distance between the roller brackets on each side of the track is less than or equal to 2m. The smoothness of the roller rolling and the reliability of the braking device are tested.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the uprights of the frame is 1.2m × 1.2m, the step distance of the horizontal bars is 1.8m, the top of the uprights extends more than or equal to 1200mm beyond the working surface and is equipped with two waist rails, a dense safety net is hung on the outside of the guardrail, and the verticality deviation of the frame is less than or equal to 5mm / 10m.

[0009] Furthermore, the spacing between the binding points of the platform board should be less than or equal to 500mm, a 180mm high toe board should be set on the outer side of the working surface, and an insulating rubber pad should be laid on the surface of the steel scaffold board when insulation is required.

[0010] Furthermore, the ladder steps are spaced 300mm apart, and protective handrails with a height of 900mm or more are installed on both sides.

[0011] Furthermore, the confined space is an underground garage, pipe gallery, factory workshop or tunnel, which is suitable for side wall or ceiling painting, installation and repair work with large clearance height, long construction distance, obstacles in the work area and pedestrian passages on both sides.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The track restricts the movement of the mobile platform, ensuring sufficient operating distance from side walls and the ceiling. A braking device limits roller movement, ensuring operator safety. The fixed installation of the platform provides working space for personnel. This method saves on material costs, significantly reduces scaffolding erection time and labor costs, and provides safety guarantees for workers. It is an economical, simple, convenient, flexible, and safe construction method with excellent prospects for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A side view provided for an embodiment of the present invention; The markings in the diagram are: 1. Track; 2. Roller; 3. Platform frame; 4. Diagonal support; 5. Platform board; 6. Safety ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail through the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for construction across obstacles in a confined space, comprising the following steps: Pre-construction preparation and condition acceptance: The main structure of the confined space is completed, the structural strength meets the design requirements, the base treatment of the side walls and ceiling is completed, and there are no obvious construction debris; clean the ground of the work area, level and compact the ground to ensure that the ground bearing capacity is not less than 2.5MPa, remove debris that is easy to roll or collapse, and mark the location, shape, size and height of obstacles in the work area; confirm that the specifications and quality of materials such as channel steel, scaffold pipes, rollers, fasteners, planks, and safety ladders required for construction meet the requirements of the current national building construction safety specifications.

[0016] Track laying and reinforcement construction: Along the longitudinal direction of construction in the confined space, mark the track laying position on the flat ground on both sides of the obstacle. The track laying route should be parallel to the side wall construction surface. The spacing between the two tracks 1 is determined according to the width of the operating platform frame, and the spacing deviation should not be greater than 5mm.

[0017] Track 1 is made of channel steel. The specifications of the channel steel are determined based on the diameter and width of the rollers and the design load of the operating platform, with 10#-16# channel steel being preferred. When splicing the tracks, a bevel welding method is used. After welding, the weld seams are ground to ensure a smooth and flat surface at the joint, free of steps and burrs, to prevent the rollers from getting stuck. After the tracks are laid, expansion bolts are used to fix the channel steel to the ground, with a spacing of 800mm-1200mm between fixing points. At key stress points such as track corners and on both sides of obstacles, the fixing points are densified, with a spacing not exceeding 600mm. After the tracks are fixed, a level is used to check the levelness of the tracks, with a horizontal deviation not exceeding 3mm / 2m. Finally, limit blocks are installed on both sides of the tracks to prevent the rollers from derailing.

[0018] Installation and Adjustment of Moving Rollers: High-strength steel rollers are selected based on track specifications and frame load. The wheel width of roller 2 matches the groove width of the channel steel track, with a gap of 1mm-2mm. Roller 2 is installed on roller brackets. Preferably, the roller shaft is machined from 45# steel. Wear-resistant bearings are installed between the shaft and the roller to ensure smooth rolling without jamming. Each roller bracket is equipped with an independent braking device. The braking device adopts a brake-type braking structure, including brake shoes, brake lever, and locking handle. Anti-slip rubber pads are installed on the contact surface between the brake shoes and the roller to ensure that the roller is completely locked and has no movement when the brake switch is closed. Commercially available braking devices can be purchased. The assembled roller brackets are symmetrically installed on the track. The number of roller brackets is determined according to the length and load of the operating platform. The spacing between roller brackets on each side of the track should not exceed 2m, and roller brackets are installed at both ends of the frame and at corresponding positions to obstacles. After installation, the rollers are fully tested. The roller bracket is manually pushed along the track to check whether the rollers roll smoothly, whether the locking and unlocking of the braking device is flexible and reliable, and whether the braking effect meets the standard. Only after the test is qualified can the next process be carried out.

[0019] Erection of the operating platform frame: Using φ48.3×3.6mm standard scaffolding pipes and malleable cast iron couplers, the operating platform frame 3 is erected based on the roller bracket. The scaffolding pipes are inserted into the protruding inserts of the roller brackets, and the scaffolding pipes are securely fixed to the inserts using swivel couplers. The insertion depth between the inserts and the scaffolding pipes is not less than 150mm. The spacing between the uprights of the platform frame 3 is 1.2m×1.2m, and the horizontal bar spacing is 1.8m. A base plate is placed at the bottom of each upright; the base plate is made of wood or steel plate, with dimensions not less than 200mm×200mm×50mm, to prevent the frame from sinking. The top of the vertical posts should extend 1200mm beyond the platform height to serve as the uprights for the guardrail. Two horizontal bracing bars are installed on the guardrail uprights. The first bracing bar is 600mm above the working surface, and the second is 1200mm above the working surface. The bracing bars are fixed to the uprights with right-angle fasteners. A dense safety net with a mesh count of no less than 2000 meshes per 100cm is hung on the outside of the guardrail. 2 Furthermore, the safety net is securely connected to the frame; during the frame erection process, the verticality of the frame is strictly controlled, with a verticality deviation of no more than 5mm / 10m, to ensure the overall stability of the frame.

[0020] Installation of Diagonal Bracing and Lateral Misalignment Components: Along the track extension direction, diagonal bracing 4 is installed on both sides of the platform frame 3 according to the shape, size, and location of the obstacle. Diagonal bracing 4 is made of φ48.3×3.6mm scaffolding tubing. One end of diagonal bracing 4 is fixed to the platform frame upright using a swivel coupler, and the other end is fixed to the roller bracket or ground embedded part using a coupler. The angle between diagonal bracing 4 and the horizontal ground is 45°-60°. Lateral mitigation components are added at the frame positions corresponding to the protruding parts of the obstacle. These components use double-jointed scaffolding tubing, with one end connected to the frame and the other end pressed against the side of the obstacle and fitted with anti-slip pads to prevent lateral displacement of the frame during movement and operation. The fixing points of the diagonal bracing and lateral mitigation components are reinforced with double couplers to ensure stable connections. All diagonal bracing and lateral mitigation components form an integrated load-bearing system, improving the frame's resistance to overturning and lateral displacement.

[0021] Platform board installation and fixing: Bamboo, wooden, or steel scaffolding boards are selected as platform board 5 according to construction requirements. Bamboo and wooden boards must be at least 50mm thick, while steel boards use patterned steel plates with a thickness of at least 3mm. All platform boards must meet appearance quality standards, free from cracks, rot, deformation, and other defects. Platform board 5 is fully laid on the top horizontal bar of platform frame 3, ensuring it is laid flat and tightly without any protruding boards. The gap between boards should be less than or equal to 20mm. Boards are secured to each other and to the horizontal bars of the frame using double-strand 8# galvanized iron wire, with a binding point spacing of less than or equal to 500mm. Binding points are increased at critical locations such as corners and edges of platform board 5. If insulation is required, insulating rubber pads with a thickness of at least 5mm are fully laid on the surface of the steel scaffolding boards, and these pads are fixed to the steel scaffolding boards with pressure strips to prevent slippage. After the platform slabs are laid, a 180mm high toe board is set on the outside of the working surface. The toe board is made of wood or sheet metal and is firmly fixed to the frame to prevent construction materials and tools from falling.

[0022] Safety Ladder Installation and Protection: A dedicated safety ladder 6 is installed on the front of the scaffold facing the workers' access (in the direction of track extension). Safety ladder 6 is a standardized steel ladder that meets safety regulations. The step spacing of safety ladder 6 is 300mm, and the step plates are made of anti-slip patterned board. Protective handrails are installed on both sides of safety ladder 6, with a height of at least 900mm. Wooden blocks (100mm x 100mm) are placed between safety ladder 6 and the platform scaffold uprights to prevent slippage. The ladder is double-secured to the scaffold using #8 galvanized iron wire and fasteners, with a fixing point spacing of at least 600mm. An anti-slip mat is placed between the bottom of the ladder and the ground, and a transition platform is installed between the top of the ladder and the operating platform. The width of the transition platform is at least 800mm, and the guardrails of the transition platform and the operating platform are seamlessly connected.

[0023] After the entire operating platform is set up, check whether each connection node is stable, whether the entire platform moves smoothly, and whether the roller brakes are reliable. It can only be used after it passes the inspection.

[0024] Finally, it should be noted that the above-listed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Of course, those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the present invention. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they should be considered as being within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Construction preparation and condition acceptance: After the main structure of the confined space is completed and the strength meets the design requirements, clean, level and compact the ground of the work area, and mark the location and size of obstacles; Track laying and reinforcement construction: along the longitudinal direction of the confined space, the track is laid and fixed to the ground with expansion bolts. Limiting blocks are set on both sides of the track. Installation and adjustment of movable rollers: Use rollers that match the track, and the rollers are equipped with braking devices; Erection of the operating platform frame: The frame is erected based on the roller support, using scaffolding pipes and fasteners. The bottom of the frame is set with a base plate, and the middle of the frame is set with a cross brace. Installation of diagonal supports and anti-lateral displacement components: Diagonal supports of scaffolding pipes are set along the track direction according to the shape of the obstacle. The angle between the diagonal supports and the horizontal ground is 45°~60°. The two ends of the diagonal supports are fixed to the uprights of the frame, roller brackets or ground embedded parts respectively. Lateral anti-lateral displacement components are added to the protruding parts of the obstacle corresponding to the position of the frame. The fixing points of the diagonal supports and anti-lateral displacement components are reinforced with double fasteners. Platform board installation and fixing: Use bamboo planks, wooden planks or steel planks to fully cover the top horizontal bars of the frame to form a platform board; Safety ladder installation and protection: Install a safety ladder on the front of the frame. Place wooden blocks between the ladder and the frame and double fix it with wire and fasteners. Place anti-slip pads at the bottom of the ladder and a transition platform at the top.

2. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The track joints are beveled and polished smooth. Expansion bolts are used to fix the track to the ground with a spacing of 800mm~1200mm between fixing points. The spacing is increased to ≤600mm on both sides of obstacles and at track corners. The track level is corrected, and the horizontal deviation is less than or equal to 3mm / 2m.

3. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roller shaft uses wear-resistant bearings, and the braking device is a holding brake type. The braking device is installed on the roller bracket, and the brake shoes are equipped with anti-slip rubber pads. The roller brackets are symmetrically installed on the track, and the distance between the roller brackets on each side of the track is less than or equal to 2m. The smoothness of the roller rolling and the reliability of the braking device are tested.

4. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The uprights of the scaffold are spaced 1.2m x 1.2m apart, the horizontal bars are spaced 1.8m apart, the top of the uprights extends more than or equal to 1200mm beyond the working surface and is equipped with two waist rails, a dense safety net is hung on the outside of the guardrail, and the verticality deviation of the scaffold is less than or equal to 5mm / 10m.

5. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the binding points of the platform board should be less than or equal to 500mm. A 180mm high toe board should be set on the outer side of the working surface. When insulation is required, an insulating rubber pad should be laid on the surface of the steel scaffold board.

6. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ladder steps are spaced 300mm apart, and protective handrails with a height of 900mm or more are installed on both sides.

7. The method for constructing across obstacles in a confined space according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The restricted space refers to underground garages, utility tunnels, factory workshops, or tunnels. It is suitable for side wall or ceiling painting, installation, and repair work where there is a large clearance height, long construction distance, obstacles in the work area, and pedestrian passages on both sides.

Images