Tungsten-based dust deuterium removal device for fusion reactor

Abstract

This invention discloses a tungsten-based dust detritonation device for fusion reactors. In the field of nuclear fusion technology, a preheating degassing vacuum chamber preheats and degasses tungsten-based dust; a melting vacuum chamber melts the tungsten-based dust into a tungsten-based liquid; and a cooling vacuum chamber cools the tungsten-based liquid into a solid. A common manifold connects a vacuum extraction mechanism to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber, and the cooling vacuum chamber, allowing the vacuum extraction mechanism to extract gas from the preheating degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber, and the cooling vacuum chamber. The vacuum extraction mechanism is connected to a recovery mechanism so that the extracted gas flows into the recovery mechanism. A detection mechanism detects the tritium parameters of the gas flowing towards the vacuum extraction mechanism in the common manifold. A controller is configured to control the operation of the preheating degassing vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber based on the tritium parameters. This reduces the risk of tritium and radioactive activation product leakage and associated safety hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a tungsten-based dust detritium removal device for fusion reactors. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, during the operation of fusion devices, the interaction between plasma and plasma-facing materials generates dust. This dust has characteristics such as a large specific surface area and easy migration, making it prone to adsorbing / retaining hydrogen isotopes (including tritium), thus posing a radioactive safety risk of tritium. If excessive accumulation of tritium-containing tungsten-based dust is not collected and recycled in a timely manner, it will lead to the risk of leakage of tritium and radioactive activation products, as well as safety hazards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution to recover tritium from tungsten-based dust. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-based dust detritium removal device for fusion reactors, which can monitor in real time the tritium released during the preheating, degassing and smelting process of tungsten-based dust, so as to ensure dynamic online capture of tritium, avoid tritium leakage and ineffective operation, and the whole process is carried out under vacuum and sealed conditions, which is safe and controllable, thereby avoiding the risk and safety hazards of tritium and radioactive activation products leakage.

[0004] The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0005] The system includes a preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, a melting vacuum chamber, and a cooling vacuum chamber. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber is used to preheat and degas tungsten-based dust. The melting vacuum chamber is used to melt tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid. The cooling vacuum chamber is used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber is selectively connected to the melting vacuum chamber to allow tungsten-based dust in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber to move into the melting vacuum chamber. The melting vacuum chamber is selectively connected to the cooling vacuum chamber to allow tungsten-based liquid in the melting vacuum chamber to move into the cooling vacuum chamber.

[0006] A common manifold and a vacuum extraction mechanism are provided. The common manifold is used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism can extract the gas from the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber. The common manifold is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the melting vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism can extract the gas from the melting vacuum chamber. The common manifold is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the cooling vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism can extract the gas from the cooling vacuum chamber. The vacuum extraction mechanism is used to connect with the recovery mechanism so that the extracted gas flows into the recovery mechanism.

[0007] The testing facility is located in the common manifold and is used to test the tritium parameters of the gas flowing into the vacuum extraction mechanism within the common manifold.

[0008] The controller is connected to the detection mechanism and is configured to control the operation of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber according to the tritium parameters. The controller is also configured to control the operation of the melting vacuum chamber according to the tritium parameters.

[0009] The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to the embodiments of the present invention, by setting up a preheating degassing vacuum chamber, a melting vacuum chamber and a cooling vacuum chamber, a common manifold and a vacuum extraction mechanism, a detection mechanism and a controller, can monitor the tritium released during the preheating degassing and melting of tungsten-based dust in real time, so as to ensure the dynamic online capture of tritium, avoid tritium leakage and ineffective operation, and the whole process is carried out under vacuum and closed conditions, which is safe and controllable. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device has the advantages of simple process, thorough treatment, strong adaptability and high safety, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage of tritium and radioactive activation products and safety hazards.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the common manifold includes: a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, all of which are connected to the main pipe. The main pipe is connected to a vacuum extraction mechanism to conduct the vacuum extraction mechanism and the plurality of branch pipes. The plurality of branch pipes are selectively connected to a preheating degassing vacuum chamber, a melting vacuum chamber and a cooling vacuum chamber, respectively.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of branch pipes are arranged along the extension direction of the main pipe, and the detection mechanism is disposed on the main pipe and located downstream of the plurality of branch pipes; or

[0012] There are multiple testing institutions, each located in a different branch.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the top wall of the preheating degassing vacuum chamber, the top wall of the melting vacuum chamber, and the top wall of the cooling vacuum chamber are all provided with exhaust ports that communicate with a common manifold. Each exhaust port is provided with an on / off valve, and the controller is communicatively connected to the on / off valve. The controller is used to control the on / off valve to open or close.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber are arranged along a first direction, and the melting vacuum chamber is located between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber. The first direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction.

[0015] A first sealing door is provided between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber. The controller is communicatively connected to the first sealing door to control the opening and closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber; and / or

[0016] A second sealing door is provided between the melting vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber. The controller is connected to the second sealing door to control the opening and closing of the melting vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a third sealing door is provided on the side wall of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, and a controller is communicatively connected to the third sealing door to control the opening or closing of the third sealing door of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber; and / or

[0018] The side wall of the cooling vacuum chamber is equipped with a fourth sealing door, and the controller is connected to the fourth sealing door to control the opening or closing of the cooling vacuum chamber.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber includes: a first housing and a heating assembly, the heating assembly being disposed in the first housing and communicatively connected to a controller, the heating assembly being used to heat the holding structure containing tungsten-based dust, and the controller being used to control the operation of the heating assembly.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber further includes: a first temperature measuring structure, which is disposed in the first chamber and is used to detect the temperature of the containing structure; a controller is communicatively connected to the first temperature measuring structure, and the controller is configured to control the heating component to stop working when the detected temperature of the first temperature measuring structure reaches a preset threshold.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the melting vacuum chamber includes: a second chamber and a plurality of electron beam guns, the plurality of electron beam guns being located inside the second chamber, and the plurality of electron beam guns being used to irradiate tungsten-based dust inside the second chamber to melt the tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of electron beam guns are disposed on the top wall of the second housing. The plurality of electron beam guns include a central electron beam gun and side electron beam guns. The central electron beam gun is used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust in the second housing in a vertical direction downward. The side electron beam guns are located to the side of the central electron beam gun and are spaced apart from the central electron beam gun.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, there are multiple side electron beam guns, which are arranged around the central electron beam gun in the circumferential direction.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling vacuum chamber includes a third chamber and a cooling structure disposed within the third chamber, the cooling structure being used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling vacuum chamber further includes: a second temperature measuring structure disposed in the third chamber, the second temperature measuring structure being used to detect the temperature information of the tungsten substrate, and the controller being communicatively connected to the second temperature measuring structure to obtain the temperature information detected by the second temperature measuring structure.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tungsten-based dust detritium removal device for fusion reactors according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a control method for a tungsten-based dust detritium removal device applied to a fusion reactor, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure label:

[0031] 100-ton tungsten-based dust detritium removal device for fusion reactor;

[0032] Preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10;

[0033] 20. Melting vacuum chamber; 21. Central electron beam gun; 22. Side electron beam gun;

[0034] Cooling vacuum chamber 30;

[0035] 40. Common manifold; 41. Main pipe; 42. Branch pipe; 43. Exhaust port;

[0036] Vacuum extraction mechanism 50;

[0037] 60 testing institutions;

[0038] Recycling facilities 70;

[0039] First sealed door 1; Second sealed door 2; Third sealed door 3; Fourth sealed door 4. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] The following is for reference. Figures 1-2 A fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described, comprising:

[0042] The system includes a preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, a melting vacuum chamber 20, and a cooling vacuum chamber 30. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 is used to preheat and degas tungsten-based dust. The melting vacuum chamber 20 is used to melt tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid. The cooling vacuum chamber 30 is used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 is selectively connected to the melting vacuum chamber 20 so that the tungsten-based dust in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 can move into the melting vacuum chamber 20. The melting vacuum chamber 20 is selectively connected to the cooling vacuum chamber 30 so that the tungsten-based liquid in the melting vacuum chamber 20 can move into the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0043] A common manifold 40 and a vacuum extraction mechanism 50 are provided. The common manifold 40 is used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 extracts the gas in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. The common manifold 40 is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the melting vacuum chamber 20 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 extracts the gas in the melting vacuum chamber 20. The common manifold 40 is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 extracts the gas in the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The vacuum extraction mechanism 50 is used to connect with the recovery mechanism 70 so that the extracted gas flows into the recovery mechanism 70.

[0044] The detection mechanism 60 is located in the common manifold 40 and is used to detect the tritium parameters of the gas flowing into the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 within the common manifold 40.

[0045] The controller is connected in communication with the detection mechanism 60. The controller is configured to control the operation of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 according to the tritium parameters. The controller is also configured to control the operation of the melting vacuum chamber 20 according to the tritium parameters.

[0046] The first direction is Figure 1 The X-axis is shown in the diagram. A preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, a melting vacuum chamber 20, and a cooling vacuum chamber 30 are arranged sequentially along the first direction. The melting vacuum chamber 20 is located between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 is used to preheat and degas the tungsten-based dust, and the melting vacuum chamber 20 is used to melt the tungsten-based dust into a tungsten-based liquid. During the preheating and degassing of the tungsten-based dust and the melting of the tungsten-based dust into a tungsten-based liquid, the tritium adsorbed or retained by the tungsten-based dust is released. As the temperature rises, the tritium molecules physically adsorbed on the surface of the tungsten-based dust gain sufficient kinetic energy and are first desorbed and released from the surface. When the tungsten-based dust melts, the solid crystal lattice structure is destroyed, and the tritium atoms originally bound deep within the crystal lattice are completely released.

[0047] The cooling vacuum chamber 30 is used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid, and finally convert the tungsten-based dust into solid ingots, so as to reduce the risk of dust migration / resuspension during storage and transportation, and improve the controllability of subsequent solid waste management.

[0048] Tungsten-based dust is first preheated and degassed in a preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. After the preheating and degassing is completed, the tungsten-based dust is moved into a melting vacuum chamber 20 and melted into tungsten-based liquid. After the melting is completed, the tungsten-based dust is moved into a cooling vacuum chamber 30 and cooled into a solid.

[0049] The vacuum extraction mechanism 50 can be a molecular pump, a gas trapping pump, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation. The common manifold 40 is used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 can extract the gas in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. The common manifold 40 is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the melting vacuum chamber 20 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 can extract the gas in the melting vacuum chamber 20. The vacuum extraction mechanism 50 is used to connect with the recovery mechanism 70 so that the extracted gas flows into the recovery mechanism 70. It can absorb and collect the tritium released during the preheating and degassing of tungsten-based dust and the melting of tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid, avoid the escape of tritium and dust, and thus avoid the risk and safety hazards of leakage of tritium and radioactive activation products.

[0050] It should be noted that, as Figure 1 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of gas flow.

[0051] During the preheating, degassing, smelting, and cooling processes of tungsten-based dust, the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 continuously extracts air, ensuring that the entire process is carried out safely and controllably under high vacuum and sealed conditions. This gives the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 advantages such as simple process, thorough treatment, strong adaptability, and high safety.

[0052] The recovery unit 70 may include a TEP (Tokamak Exhaust Processing) tokamak exhaust gas treatment system and other back-end tritium treatment systems, fuel cycle exhaust gas treatment units, etc., which can not only collect and export tritium, but also separate, purify and recycle hydrogen isotopes at the same time.

[0053] The common manifold 40 is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 so that the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 extracts the gas in the cooling vacuum chamber 30. This allows the vacuum to be maintained continuously during the cooling of the tungsten liquid into a solid, thereby achieving deep degassing, eliminating internal pores in the solid, significantly improving the purity and density of the final tungsten ingot, preventing oxidation, and maintaining the intrinsic properties of the material.

[0054] The detection mechanism 60 can be a mass spectrometer, ionization chamber monitor, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation. The detection mechanism 60 is located in the common manifold 40. The detection mechanism 60 is used to monitor the tritium parameter of the gas flowing into the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 in the common manifold 40. By monitoring the tritium parameter (mainly referring to the tritium signal of mass spectrometry, pressure stability monitoring can also be superimposed to improve the robustness against misjudgment), the tritium content in the extracted gas can be inferred to assess whether the release and collection of tritium during the tungsten-based dust treatment process meets the safety standards, thereby avoiding the risk and safety hazards of tritium and radioactive activation product leakage.

[0055] Specifically, the testing agency 60 can use a mass spectrometer. Online mass spectrometry continuously monitors tritium-related signals, employing a "background regression" (meaning the tritium signal decreases to the background level) as the end condition for degassing and smelting. This reduces human experience differences and improves traceability. The background signal refers to the level where the measured tritium count rate (signal) drops to a level comparable to the instrument's own background count rate. This means that at this point, the instrument cannot distinguish whether the detected radioactivity originates from tritium in the sample, environmental radiation, or instrument noise. It also means that a valid tritium signal cannot be detected, indicating safety, compliance, and extremely low tritium concentration levels, with no risk of leakage.

[0056] The controller is connected to the detection mechanism 60. The controller is configured to control the operation of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 according to the tritium parameters. The controller is also configured to control the operation of the melting vacuum chamber 20 according to the tritium parameters. Specifically, when tungsten-based dust is moved into the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, and the tritium signal detected by the detection mechanism 60 is greater than the background signal, the controller controls the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 to operate to preheat and degas the tungsten-based dust. When the tritium signal detected by the detection mechanism 60 is less than the background signal, the controller controls the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 to stop operating. Similarly, when tungsten-based dust is moved into the melting vacuum chamber 20, the controller controls the melting vacuum chamber 20 to operate to melt the tungsten-based dust. When the tritium signal detected by the detection mechanism 60 is less than the background signal, the controller controls the melting vacuum chamber 20 to stop operating. This allows for real-time monitoring of the tritium released during the preheating, degassing, and melting processes of the tungsten-based dust, ensuring dynamic online tritium capture, preventing tritium leakage and ineffective operations, and further avoiding the risk of tritium and radioactive activation product leakage and safety hazards. The controller also frees up the operator's hands, reducing the labor intensity and risk of injury.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the common manifold 40 includes a main pipe 41 and multiple branch pipes 42, all of which are connected to the main pipe 41. The main pipe 41 is connected to the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 to conduct the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the multiple branch pipes 42. The multiple branch pipes 42 are selectively connected to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30, respectively.

[0058] The common manifold 40 includes a main pipe 41 and multiple branch pipes 42. In some embodiments of the present invention, the common manifold 40 includes three, four, five or other numbers of branch pipes 42, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The common manifold 40 may also include other numbers of branch pipes 42, as long as the common manifold 40 includes multiple branch pipes 42.

[0059] Specifically, the common manifold 40 includes a main pipe 41 and three branch pipes 42. All three branch pipes 42 are connected to the main pipe 41. The main pipe 41 is connected to the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 to conduct the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 and the three branch pipes 42. The three branch pipes 42 are respectively configured and selectively connected to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30, so as to independently evacuate the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The corresponding branch pipe 42 is only connected to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20 or the cooling vacuum chamber 30 that needs to be operated. This can isolate impurities from different process links, ensure that the high vacuum environment is not damaged, avoid cross-contamination and ensure process purity.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple branch pipes 42 are arranged along the extension direction of the main pipe 41, and the detection mechanism 60 is located on the main pipe 41, and the detection mechanism 60 is located downstream of the multiple branch pipes 42; or

[0061] There are multiple testing institutions 60, and these multiple testing institutions 60 are located in multiple branch pipes 42.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, multiple branch pipes 42 are arranged along the extension direction of the main pipe 41, and a detection mechanism 60 is disposed on the main pipe 41 and located downstream of the multiple branch pipes 42. This arrangement enables accurate monitoring of the tritium parameters of the gas flowing out of each branch pipe 42 on the downstream side of the multiple branch pipes 42. While this increases the risk of tritium adhering to the inner wall of the main pipe 41, it reduces the number of detection mechanisms 60 used, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0063] Alternatively, in another embodiment of the invention, there may be multiple detection mechanisms 60, each located on a different branch pipe 42. Three detection mechanisms 60 may be used, each corresponding to one of the three branch pipes 42. This allows the three detection mechanisms 60 to monitor the tritium parameter of the gas flowing out of each branch pipe 42 at the connection point between the branch pipe 42 and the main pipe 41, enabling timely monitoring of the tritium parameter. However, this method involves a large number of detection mechanisms 60, which is not conducive to cost reduction and efficiency improvement for enterprises.

[0064] The above embodiments can be reasonably selected and set, or other solutions can be used, as long as they can meet the usage requirements of the tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 for fusion reactors.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the top walls of the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20, and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 are all provided with exhaust ports 43 that communicate with the common manifold 40. Each exhaust port 43 is equipped with an on / off valve. The controller is connected to the on / off valve in communication and is used to control the opening or closing of the on / off valve.

[0066] The top walls of the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20, and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 are all equipped with exhaust ports 43 that communicate with the common manifold 40. This facilitates the natural rise of gas, improves the vacuuming efficiency of the vacuum extraction mechanism 50, reduces disturbance, and facilitates the separation of gas and dust.

[0067] Each extraction port 43 is equipped with an on / off valve. The controller is connected to the on / off valve and controls the opening or closing of the valve. This enables selective connection between the branch pipe 42 and the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20, and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The corresponding branch pipe 42 is only connected to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20, or the cooling vacuum chamber 30 that needs to be operated. This isolates impurities from different process stages, ensures that the high vacuum environment is not damaged, avoids cross-contamination, and guarantees the purity of the process.

[0068] Furthermore, each extraction port 43 can be equipped with a filter structure. The filter structure can be located upstream of the opening and closing valve to prevent dust and other solids from being extracted during the vacuuming process, thereby preventing the opening and closing valve and the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 from becoming clogged. The filter structure can be a filter screen, filter membrane, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation.

[0069] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 are arranged along the first direction, with the melting vacuum chamber 20 located between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The first direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction.

[0070] A first sealing door 1 is provided between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20. The controller is communicatively connected to the first sealing door 1 to control the opening and closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20; and / or

[0071] A second sealing door 2 is provided between the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. The controller is communicatively connected to the second sealing door 2 to control the opening and closing of the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0072] The first direction is Figure 1 The X direction in the middle, the vertical direction is Figure 1 The Z-direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, the melting vacuum chamber 20, and the cooling vacuum chamber 30 are arranged along the first direction. The melting vacuum chamber 20 is located between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30. Tungsten-based dust is first preheated and degassed in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. After the preheating and degassing is completed, the tungsten-based dust is moved into the melting vacuum chamber 20 and melted into tungsten-based liquid. After the melting is completed, the tungsten-based dust is moved into the cooling vacuum chamber 30 and cooled into a solid.

[0073] As an embodiment of the present invention, a first sealing door 1 is provided between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20. The controller is communicatively connected to the first sealing door 1 to control the opening and closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20.

[0074] Alternatively, as an embodiment of the present invention, a second sealing door 2 is provided between the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30, and the controller is communicatively connected to the second sealing door 2 to control the second sealing door 2 to control the opening and closing of the melting vacuum chamber 20 and the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0075] Alternatively, both of the above embodiments may exist simultaneously (this invention will be described using this embodiment as an example).

[0076] Specifically, after the tungsten-based dust has finished preheating and degassing in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, the controller controls the first sealing door 1 to open to connect the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20, thereby allowing the preheated and degassed tungsten-based dust to move into the melting vacuum chamber 20. After the tungsten-based dust moves into the melting vacuum chamber 20, the controller controls the first sealing door 1 to close to block the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 and the melting vacuum chamber 20. After the tungsten-based dust is melted into tungsten-based liquid in the melting vacuum chamber 20, the controller controls the second sealing door 2 to open to connect the cooling vacuum chamber 30 and the melting vacuum chamber 20, thereby allowing the tungsten-based liquid to move into the cooling vacuum chamber 30 for cooling. After the tungsten-based liquid moves into the cooling vacuum chamber 30, the controller controls the second sealing door 2 to close to block the cooling vacuum chamber 30 and the melting vacuum chamber 20.

[0077] This ensures that the preheating, degassing, smelting, and cooling processes of tungsten-based dust are all carried out in a vacuum environment, and each step is conducted independently in a vacuum environment, which can reduce the risk of dust escape and cross-contamination.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 has a third sealing door 3 on its side wall. The controller is communicatively connected to the third sealing door 3 to control the opening or closing of the third sealing door 3 in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10; and / or

[0079] The side wall of the cooling vacuum chamber 30 is provided with a fourth sealing door 4. The controller is communicatively connected to the fourth sealing door 4 to control the opening or closing of the fourth sealing door 4 of the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 is provided with a third sealing door 3, and the controller is communicatively connected to the third sealing door 3 to control the opening or closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10.

[0081] Alternatively, as an embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the cooling vacuum chamber 30 is provided with a fourth sealing door 4, and the controller is communicatively connected to the fourth sealing door 4 to control the fourth sealing door 4 to open or close the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0082] Alternatively, both of the above embodiments may exist simultaneously. (This invention is illustrated using this embodiment as an example.)

[0083] Specifically, the controller controls the third sealing door 3 to open the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. After the tungsten-based dust is moved into the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, the controller controls the third sealing door 3 to close the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10. The vacuum extraction mechanism 50 pumps air to keep the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 under vacuum, and can collect and recover the tritium-containing gas released by the tungsten-based dust.

[0084] After the tungsten-based liquid cools into a solid, the controller controls the fourth sealing door 4 to open the cooling vacuum chamber 30 to transfer and store the solid. After the solid transfer is completed, the controller controls the fourth sealing door 4 to close the cooling vacuum chamber 30.

[0085] By setting up the first sealing door 1, the second sealing door 2, the third sealing door 3, the fourth sealing door 4, the vacuum extraction mechanism 50, and the common manifold 40, the entire process can be carried out safely and controllably under high vacuum and sealed conditions. Each sub-process is completed independently in its own space, reducing the risk of dust escape and cross-contamination. This makes the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 have the advantages of simple process, thorough treatment, strong adaptability, and high safety.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 includes: a first housing and a heating assembly, the heating assembly being disposed in the first housing and communicatively connected to a controller, the heating assembly being used to heat the holding structure containing tungsten-based dust, and the controller being used to control the operation of the heating assembly.

[0087] The heating component can be a heating tube, heating wire, or other similar component, and can be selected and configured appropriately according to actual conditions. The container for holding the tungsten-based dust can be a crucible, alloy vessel, or other similar container, and can be selected and configured appropriately according to actual conditions. The heating component is located inside the first chamber and is communicatively connected to the controller. The heating component is used to heat the container for holding the tungsten-based dust, and the controller is used to control the operation of the heating component.

[0088] Specifically, after the tungsten-based dust is moved into the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10, the controller controls the heating component to preheat and degas the tungsten-based dust. During the evacuation process of the vacuum extraction mechanism 50, the detection mechanism 60 monitors the tritium parameter in the gas extracted by the vacuum extraction mechanism 50 in real time. When the tritium signal drops to the background signal, the preheating and degassing of the tungsten-based dust is completed, and the controller controls the heating component to stop working.

[0089] The controller can promptly stop the heating components when the preheating and degassing of tungsten-based dust is completed, thus avoiding energy waste. It can also prevent tungsten-based dust from being exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, reducing the risk of tungsten-based dust reacting with trace residual impurities (such as oxygen and water vapor), ensuring material purity, and also helping to extend the service life of the heating components.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber 10 further includes: a first temperature measuring structure, which is disposed in the first chamber and is used to detect the temperature of the containing structure; a controller is communicatively connected to the first temperature measuring structure, and the controller is configured to control the heating component to stop working when the detected temperature of the first temperature measuring structure reaches a preset threshold.

[0091] The first temperature measuring structure can be a thermocouple, an infrared thermometer, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation.

[0092] The preset threshold of the first temperature measuring structure can be a preferred temperature value for preheating and degassing tungsten-based dust, such as 600℃. This temperature can be reasonably set according to the actual situation.

[0093] The first temperature measuring structure is located inside the first chamber and is used to detect the temperature of the containing structure. The controller is communicatively connected to the first temperature measuring structure and is configured to control the heating component to stop working when the temperature detected by the first temperature measuring structure reaches a preset threshold. This enables precise temperature control, preventing incomplete degassing of the tungsten-based dust due to the heating component not reaching the preset threshold, which would cause residual gas to escape during subsequent high-temperature melting. It also prevents excessive oxidation of the tungsten-based dust surface due to the temperature of the containing structure exceeding the preset threshold, ensuring process consistency and significantly reducing the energy consumption and maintenance costs of the heating component.

[0094] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the melting vacuum chamber 20 includes a second chamber and multiple electron beam guns. The multiple electron beam guns are located inside the second chamber and are used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust inside the second chamber to melt the tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid.

[0095] The melting vacuum chamber 20 includes a second housing and multiple electron beam guns. In some embodiments of the present invention, the melting vacuum chamber 20 may include two, three, four, or other numbers of electron beam guns. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The melting vacuum chamber 20 may also include other numbers of electron beam guns, as long as the melting vacuum chamber includes multiple electron beam guns.

[0096] Multiple electron beam guns are located inside the second chamber, and all of them are used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust inside the second chamber to melt the tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid. This can optimize the thermal field distribution, achieve uniform heating, avoid local overheating, and obtain better melting quality.

[0097] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple electron beam guns are installed on the top wall of the second housing. The multiple electron beam guns include a central electron beam gun 21 and a side electron beam gun 22. The central electron beam gun 21 is used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust in the second housing in a vertical direction downwards. The side electron beam gun 22 is located to the side of the central electron beam gun 21 and is spaced apart from the central electron beam gun 21.

[0098] Multiple electron beam guns are located on the top wall of the second chamber, enabling the tungsten-based dust to exhibit a top-down temperature gradient: hot at the top and cold at the bottom. The solidification process starts from the bottom and gradually progresses upward, achieving unidirectional solidification and densification. This facilitates gas escape, reduces shrinkage cavities and segregation, and yields tungsten ingots with dense structure and uniform composition.

[0099] Multiple electron beam guns include a central electron beam gun 21 and side electron beam guns 22. The central electron beam gun 21 is used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust in the second chamber vertically downwards. The side electron beam guns 22 are located to the side of the central electron beam gun 21 and spaced apart from it. The central electron beam gun 21 can achieve central melting, while the side electron beam guns 22 are used to melt unmelted powder and achieve edge insulation, effectively compensating for heat loss at the edge, preventing the edge melt from solidifying prematurely, ensuring that the entire surface of the molten pool remains liquid, facilitating gas volatilization and uniform composition.

[0100] According to some embodiments of the present invention, there are multiple side electron beam guns 22, which are arranged around the central electron beam gun 21 in the circumferential direction.

[0101] Among them, there are multiple side electron beam guns 22. In some embodiments of the present invention, there may be two, three, four, etc., but the present invention is not limited to this. There may be other numbers of side electron beam guns 22, as long as there are multiple side electron beam guns 22.

[0102] Multiple side electron beam guns 22 are arranged around the central electron beam gun 21 along the circumference of the central electron beam gun 21, which enables multiple heat sources to irradiate simultaneously from all directions. This ensures that every angle of the edge of the molten pool can obtain uniform heat input, significantly reduces the temperature gradient in the circumferential direction, and is conducive to obtaining more uniform and pure tungsten ingots.

[0103] The power of the central electron beam gun 21 and the side electron beam guns 22 are independently adjustable and can be controlled by the electron beam power supply or beam current control module, which improves the flexibility of the tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 for fusion reactors.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling vacuum chamber 30 includes a third housing and a cooling structure disposed within the third housing, the cooling structure being used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid.

[0105] The cooling structure can be a water-cooled copper crucible, a directional solidification device, an air-cooled structure, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation.

[0106] By using a cooling structure to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid, the cooling time can be reduced, which greatly improves the turnover rate of the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100 and also reduces the heat load and aging risk of the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device 100.

[0107] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling vacuum chamber 30 further includes: a second temperature measuring structure disposed in the third chamber, the second temperature measuring structure being used to detect the temperature information of the tungsten substrate, and the controller being communicatively connected to the second temperature measuring structure to obtain the temperature information detected by the second temperature measuring structure.

[0108] The second temperature measuring structure can be a thermocouple, an infrared thermometer, etc., and can be reasonably selected and set according to the actual situation.

[0109] The second temperature measuring structure is used to detect the temperature information of the tungsten base. It can obtain the temperature information of the tungsten base in real time and know in time whether the tungsten base (i.e. the tungsten ingot mentioned above) has been cooled to room temperature. The controller communicates with the second temperature measuring structure to obtain the temperature information detected by the second temperature measuring structure. The controller can also communicate with the cooling structure. The controller can control the operation of the cooling structure according to the temperature information detected by the second temperature measuring structure, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption and maintenance cost of the cooling structure.

[0110] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a control method for a fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device is provided, wherein the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device is the fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device described in the above embodiment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control methods include:

[0111] S1, the container holding the tungsten-based dust is placed in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber.

[0112] First, the first, second, third, and fourth sealing doors are closed to ensure the vacuum extraction mechanism and the opening / closing valve are in their initial positions. The detection mechanism completes its self-test, and the controller is in standby mode. Then, the controller opens the third sealing door, placing the container holding the tungsten-based dust into the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber. Finally, the controller closes the third sealing door to complete the sealing process, preparing for the preheating and degassing of the tungsten-based dust.

[0113] S2, the vacuum extraction mechanism extracts the gas from the preheated degassing vacuum chamber so that the pressure in the preheated degassing vacuum chamber reaches the first preset vacuum pressure.

[0114] The controller can control the vacuum extraction mechanism to extract gas from the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, so that the pressure in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber reaches a first preset vacuum pressure, which can be 1×10⁻⁶. - ³Pa, this setting can reduce gas solubility, significantly reduce gas residue, effectively remove high-melting-point impurities, and obtain high-purity materials.

[0115] S3, the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber operates to raise the temperature inside the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber to the preset temperature, and the vacuum extraction mechanism continuously extracts the gas from the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber.

[0116] The controller can control the heating components in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber to raise the temperature in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber to a preset temperature (600℃, with a heating rate of 5–20℃ / min, which are the preferred parameters of this invention. Under the conditions of meeting the equipment material and safety constraints, the temperature platform, heating slope, and holding time can be adjusted according to the dust particle size, tritium morphology, and cycle requirements) and maintain a constant temperature. The vacuum extraction mechanism continuously extracts the gas from the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, which can guide the tungsten-based dust desorption gas into a common manifold and remove it through the vacuum extraction mechanism. The detection mechanism continuously monitors the tritium-related signals in the desorption gas to assess whether the release and collection of tritium during the tungsten-based dust treatment process meets the safety standards, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage of tritium and radioactive activation products and safety hazards.

[0117] S4, when the tritium parameter of the gas flowing from the common manifold to the vacuum extraction mechanism in the detection agency meets the first parameter value, the controller controls the preheating degassing vacuum chamber to stop working.

[0118] The first parameter value refers to the tritium signal dropping to the background signal (tritium signal below 1×10⁻⁶). -14 The background signal refers to the level at which the measured tritium count rate (signal) drops to a level comparable to the instrument's own background count rate. This means that at this point, the instrument cannot distinguish whether the detected radioactivity comes from tritium in the sample, environmental radiation, or noise from the instrument itself. In other words, it cannot detect a valid tritium signal, indicating safety and compliance, extremely low tritium concentration, and no risk of leakage. At this point, the tungsten-based dust preheating and degassing is complete, and the controller stops the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, avoiding energy waste such as electricity.

[0119] S5, when the pressure in the preheating degassing vacuum chamber and the pressure in the melting vacuum chamber meet the first pressure difference value, the preheating degassing vacuum chamber is connected to the melting vacuum chamber, and after the container structure is moved into the melting vacuum chamber, the preheating degassing vacuum chamber is disconnected from the melting vacuum chamber.

[0120] After the tungsten-based dust is preheated and degassed, the smelting vacuum chamber is evacuated using a vacuum extraction mechanism until the pressure in the preheating and degassed vacuum chamber and the smelting vacuum chamber meet the first pressure difference value (meaning the pressure difference between the preheating and degassed vacuum chamber and the smelting vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 5 × 10⁻⁶). -5 At this point, the melting vacuum chamber meets the working requirements, and the controller controls the first sealing door to open so that the container structure containing the preheated and degassed tungsten-based dust can be moved into the melting vacuum chamber, and the preheated and degassed vacuum chamber can be disconnected from the melting vacuum chamber in order to prepare for the melting of tungsten-based dust.

[0121] S6, when the tritium parameter of the gas flowing from the common manifold to the vacuum extraction mechanism in the detection mechanism meets the first parameter value, the controller controls the melting vacuum chamber to stop working.

[0122] In this invention, a vacuum extraction mechanism continuously pumps air, a detection mechanism continuously monitors tritium signals, and multiple electron beam guns are used to irradiate tungsten-based dust to melt it into tungsten-based liquid. Preferably, during the melting initiation phase, the power of the side electron beam guns is higher than that of the central electron beam gun to enhance the melting of unmelted powder and provide additional heating around the molten pool. After the powder is almost completely melted, the power ratio of the central electron beam gun is gradually increased to maintain thermal stability in the center of the molten pool and the solidification zone. Preferably, the total beam power is 2kW–10kW, the central electron beam gun is 0.8kW–5kW, and the side electron beam guns are 1.2kW–6kW.

[0123] When the tungsten-based dust is completely melted into tungsten-based liquid, and the detection agency detects that the tritium parameter of the gas flowing into the vacuum extraction mechanism in the common manifold meets the first parameter value, multiple electron beam guns stop working, thus avoiding the waste of electricity and other energy.

[0124] S7, when the pressure in the cooling vacuum chamber and the pressure in the melting vacuum chamber meet the first pressure difference value, connect the cooling vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber, move the container structure into the cooling vacuum chamber, and then disconnect the cooling vacuum chamber from the melting vacuum chamber.

[0125] The vacuum extraction mechanism evacuates the cooling vacuum chamber until the pressure difference between the cooling vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber meets the first pressure difference value. Then, the controller controls the second sealing door to open so that the container structure containing tungsten-based liquid can be moved into the cooling vacuum chamber. The controller then closes the second sealing door, and the container structure containing tungsten-based liquid is kept under vacuum in the cooling vacuum chamber.

[0126] S8, when the temperature information of the tungsten base detected by the second temperature measuring structure is the second preset temperature, the controller controls the cooling vacuum chamber to stop working.

[0127] The second preset temperature is room temperature (25°C). The container structure containing tungsten-based liquid is kept in a vacuum cooling chamber until the temperature of the tungsten-based ingot drops to room temperature. Then, the controller controls the cooling vacuum chamber to stop working and controls the fourth sealing door to open so that the tungsten-based ingot can be transferred to the hot chamber for storage.

[0128] Throughout the process, tritium was extracted in a closed vacuum environment and properly recovered through the docked TEP system, minimizing the risk of tritium leakage. No tritium chemicals were introduced during the electron beam gun heating process, avoiding secondary pollution caused by complex chemical processes. Easily diffused activated tungsten metal dust was solidified into metal ingots, greatly reducing the risk of radioactive waste diffusion. The design of the first, second, third, and fourth sealing doors also enables timely beam shutdown and system isolation in case of abnormalities, ensuring the safety of operators and the operating environment.

[0129] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0130] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tritium removal device for a fusion reactor tungsten-based dust, characterized by, include: The system includes a preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, a melting vacuum chamber, and a cooling vacuum chamber. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber is used to preheat and degas tungsten-based dust. The melting vacuum chamber is used to melt the tungsten-based dust into a tungsten-based liquid. The cooling vacuum chamber is used to cool the tungsten-based liquid into a solid. The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber is selectively connected to the melting vacuum chamber to allow the tungsten-based dust in the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber to move into the melting vacuum chamber. The melting vacuum chamber is selectively connected to the cooling vacuum chamber to allow the tungsten-based liquid in the melting vacuum chamber to move into the cooling vacuum chamber. A common manifold and a vacuum extraction mechanism are provided. The common manifold is used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism extracts gas from the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber. The common manifold is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the melting vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism extracts gas from the melting vacuum chamber. The common manifold is also used to connect the vacuum extraction mechanism and the cooling vacuum chamber so that the vacuum extraction mechanism extracts gas from the cooling vacuum chamber. The vacuum extraction mechanism is connected to a recovery mechanism so that the extracted gas flows into the recovery mechanism. A detection mechanism is provided in the common manifold, and the detection mechanism is used to detect the tritium parameter of the gas flowing into the vacuum extraction mechanism in the common manifold; The controller is communicatively connected to the detection mechanism. The controller is configured to control the operation of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber according to the tritium parameters. The controller is also configured to control the operation of the melting vacuum chamber according to the tritium parameters.

2. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust deuterium removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The common manifold includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes, all of which are connected to the main pipe. The main pipe is connected to the vacuum extraction mechanism to conduct the vacuum extraction mechanism and the multiple branch pipes. The multiple branch pipes are selectively connected to the preheating degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber, and the cooling vacuum chamber, respectively.

3. The tritium removal apparatus for tungsten-based dust in a fusion reactor according to claim 2, wherein The plurality of branch pipes are arranged along the extension direction of the main pipe, and the detection mechanism is located on the main pipe and downstream of the plurality of branch pipes; or The detection mechanism is multiple, and the multiple detection mechanisms are respectively located in the multiple branch pipes.

4. The tritium removal apparatus for tungsten-based dust in a fusion reactor according to claim 1, wherein The top walls of the preheating degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber, and the cooling vacuum chamber are all provided with exhaust ports that communicate with the common manifold. Each exhaust port is equipped with an on / off valve. The controller is communicatively connected to the on / off valve and is used to control the opening or closing of the on / off valve.

5. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber, the melting vacuum chamber, and the cooling vacuum chamber are arranged along a first direction, with the melting vacuum chamber located between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber. The first direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction. A first sealing door is provided between the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber. The controller is communicatively connected to the first sealing door to control the opening and closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber and the melting vacuum chamber; and / or A second sealing door is provided between the melting vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber. The controller is communicatively connected to the second sealing door to control the second sealing door to control the opening and closing of the melting vacuum chamber and the cooling vacuum chamber.

6. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust deuterium removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber has a third sealing door on its side wall. The controller is communicatively connected to the third sealing door to control the opening or closing of the preheating and degassing vacuum chamber; and / or The cooling vacuum chamber is provided with a fourth sealing door on its side wall. The controller is communicatively connected to the fourth sealing door to control the opening or closing of the cooling vacuum chamber.

7. The tritium removal apparatus for tungsten-based dust in a fusion reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber includes a first housing and a heating component. The heating component is located inside the first housing and is communicatively connected to the controller. The heating component is used to heat the container structure containing tungsten-based dust, and the controller is used to control the operation of the heating component.

8. The tritium removal apparatus for tungsten-based dust of a fusion reactor according to claim 7, characterized by, The preheating and degassing vacuum chamber further includes: a first temperature measuring structure, which is disposed in the first chamber and used to detect the temperature of the containing structure; a controller is communicatively connected to the first temperature measuring structure, and the controller is configured to control the heating component to stop working when the detected temperature of the first temperature measuring structure reaches a preset threshold.

9. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The melting vacuum chamber includes a second housing and a plurality of electron beam guns, wherein the plurality of electron beam guns are located within the second housing and are used to irradiate tungsten-based dust within the second housing to melt the tungsten-based dust into tungsten-based liquid.

10. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Multiple electron beam guns are disposed on the top wall of the second housing. The multiple electron beam guns include a central electron beam gun and side electron beam guns. The central electron beam gun is used to irradiate the tungsten-based dust inside the second housing in a vertical direction downward. The side electron beam guns are located to the side of the central electron beam gun and are spaced apart from the central electron beam gun.

11. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust deuterium removal device according to claim 10, characterized in that, There are multiple side electron beam guns, which are arranged around the central electron beam gun along its circumference.

12. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust detritium removal device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The cooling vacuum chamber includes a third chamber and a cooling structure, wherein the cooling structure is disposed within the third chamber and is used to cool tungsten-based liquid into a solid.

13. The fusion reactor tungsten-based dust deuterium removal device of claim 12, wherein, The cooling vacuum chamber further includes a second temperature measuring structure, which is disposed inside the third chamber. The second temperature measuring structure is used to detect the temperature information of the tungsten base. The controller is communicatively connected to the second temperature measuring structure to obtain the temperature information detected by the second temperature measuring structure.

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