Panel antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The invention provides a planar antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, and a resonant structure and a waveguide feed structure which are arranged on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate, the resonant structure is provided with a plurality of slit openings; the waveguide feed structure is provided with a first groove part penetrating in the thickness direction of the waveguide feed structure; the dielectric substrate comprises a plurality of sub-dielectric layers which are arranged in a laminated manner, and the first groove part is filled with part of the sub-dielectric layers; the planar antenna further comprises a power distribution layer. The power distribution layer is located between the adjacent sub dielectric layers; the power distribution layer is configured to adjust an infield distribution of the planar antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a flat panel antenna and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] A planar slot antenna typically consists of five layers. The first and fifth layers are antenna protective layers, also known as radomes. These protective layers are made of corrosion-resistant dielectric materials, preventing air, moisture, and ultraviolet radiation from corroding the internal printed circuit board. The second layer is the resonant structure, a metal layer of the printed circuit board with multiple neatly arranged slot openings. The third layer is the dielectric layer of the printed circuit board, which supports the resonant structure. The fourth layer is the waveguide feed structure, a metal foil layer. On one hand, the waveguide feed structure reflects electromagnetic signals; on the other hand, it also serves as part of the feed line, feeding the slot openings.

[0003] When a planar slot antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, the waveguide-fed structure is fed by a slit opening. The slit opening generates high-frequency electric and magnetic fields, thereby exciting radiation. The transmitted electromagnetic waves are reflected and refracted through the slit opening and nearby metal plates (such as the waveguide-fed structure), ultimately forming an electromagnetic beam pointing in a specific direction. When the planar slot antenna is used as a receiving antenna, the received electromagnetic waves enter the antenna through the slit opening. The electric and magnetic fields create a large field strength near the lower slit, thus inducing a received signal. The received signal is transmitted to an external receiver for processing via a current lead connected to the antenna.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, the feed of the planar slot antenna is set in the middle of the waveguide feeding structure. Therefore, the electric field generated under the excitation of the feed exhibits a strong field strength in the middle and a weak field strength at the edge. This leads to a significant reduction in the signal transmission efficiency of the slit opening at the edge, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a planar antenna, including a dielectric substrate, and a resonant structure and a waveguide feeding structure disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate along its thickness direction; the resonant structure has a plurality of slit openings; the waveguide feeding structure has a first slot extending through its thickness direction; the dielectric substrate includes multiple sub-dielectric layers stacked together, and a portion of the sub-dielectric layers fills the first slot.

[0006] The planar antenna further includes a power distribution layer; the power distribution layer is located between adjacent sub-dielectric layers; the power distribution layer is configured to adjust the internal field distribution of the planar antenna.

[0007] In some embodiments, the waveguide feed structure has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the first surface being closer to the resonant structure than the second surface;

[0008] The power distribution layer has a first distance from the first surface, which is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0009] In some embodiments, the power distribution layer includes a plurality of cutout portions, which are arranged in nested groups. The cutout portions in each group are arranged at intervals, and the line connecting the centers of the cutout portions in each group forms a first pattern; the plurality of first patterns share a common center.

[0010] In some embodiments, the distance between any two adjacent first graphics is equal.

[0011] In some embodiments, the shapes of the cutout portions are all the same, and the cutout portions located in the same group are of the same size.

[0012] In some embodiments, the center of the first pattern serves as the feed point of the flat panel antenna, and the size of the cutout portion is smaller the closer it is to the feed point.

[0013] In some embodiments, the center of the first pattern serves as the feed point of the flat panel antenna, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent cutouts in the same group is the second distance; the closer to the feed point, the smaller the second distance.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outline of the orthographic projection of the cutout portion onto any of the sub-dielectric layers is circular or square.

[0015] In some embodiments, the outline of the orthographic projection of the cutout portion onto any of the sub-medium layers is a fan ring, and the arc edge of the fan ring protrudes toward the side away from the center of the first pattern; the portion of the first pattern cut off by the fan ring cutout portion is the first curved edge.

[0016] For two adjacent fan-shaped hollow portions located in the same group, the distance between their centers along the first pattern is less than the length of the first curved edge.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first shape is a circle.

[0018] In some embodiments, the plurality of slit openings are arranged in nested groups, the slit openings in each group are arranged sequentially at intervals, and the line connecting the centers of each slit opening in each group forms a second pattern; the plurality of second patterns share a common center, and the center of the second pattern is the same as the center of the first pattern.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second shape is a circle.

[0020] In some embodiments, each group of slit openings is divided into a plurality of alternating first slit units and a plurality of second slit units, wherein the slit opening in the first slit unit is a first slit opening and the slit opening in the second slit unit is a second slit opening.

[0021] The first slit opening and the second slit opening are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first slit opening and the second slit opening are symmetrically arranged with the extension line of a diameter of the second pattern as the axis of symmetry.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first slit unit includes a first slit opening; the angle between the length direction of the first slit opening and the extension direction of the tangent of the second pattern at the center of the first slit opening is 45°.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first slit unit includes four first slit openings arranged sequentially along the circumference of the second pattern, and the angle between the length direction of each first slit opening and the extension direction of the tangent of the second pattern at the center of the first slit opening decreases sequentially in a clockwise direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, for the first slot portion, the diameter near the resonant structure is not less than the diameter away from the resonant structure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the planar antenna further includes a support layer disposed between the one closest to the resonant structure in the multilayer subdielectric layers and the resonant structure.

[0026] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the support layer and each of the sub-dielectric layers is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0027] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, including the flat panel antenna described in the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of an existing flat panel antenna.

[0029] Figure 1b for Figure 1a The S11 curve of the flat panel antenna in the diagram.

[0030] Figure 1c for Figure 1a Simulation diagram of the electric field strength of the planar antenna at 12.7 GHz.

[0031] Figure 1dfor Figure 1c The simulation diagram shows the tangential electric field intensity along the y-axis from 5mm to 95mm.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flat panel antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 3a This is a top view of a power distribution layer provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 3b for Figure 3a A magnified view of a portion of the power distribution layer.

[0035] Figure 3c for Figure 3a and Figure 3b An enlarged view of the circular cutout section.

[0036] Figure 3d This is a schematic diagram of a square hollow section provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 4a This is a top view of yet another power distribution layer provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 4b for Figure 4a A magnified view of a portion of the power distribution layer.

[0039] Figure 4c for Figure 4a and Figure 4b An enlarged view of the openwork section of the fan ring.

[0040] Figure 5a This is a top view of a resonant structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 5b for Figure 5a A magnified view of a partial resonant structure.

[0042] Figure 6a This is a top view of yet another resonant structure provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 6b for Figure 6a A magnified view of a portion of the resonant structure.

[0044] Figure 7a The S11 curve of the planar antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 7b A simulation diagram of the electric field strength of the planar antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure at 12.7 GHz.

[0046] Figure 7c for Figure 7b The simulation diagram shows the tangential electric field intensity along the y-axis from 5mm to 95mm. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. "Above," "below," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0049] Figure 1a Here is a schematic diagram of an existing planar antenna structure, such as... Figure 1a As shown, the planar antenna includes a waveguide feeding structure 3, a dielectric substrate 1, a support layer 6, and a resonant structure 2 stacked sequentially. The support layer 6 is a glass layer, the dielectric substrate 1 is a PTFE layer (polytetrafluoroethylene), and the resonant structure 2 has multiple slit openings for transmitting electromagnetic signals. Figures 1b-1d for Figure 1aThe diagram shows a test simulation of a planar antenna. The antenna's dimensions are 190mm * 190mm * 4.7mm (length * width * height), where 4.7mm refers to the thickness of the intermediate dielectric layer. This dielectric layer consists of a 4.2mm thick PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) layer and a 0.5mm thick glass layer. The resonant structure in contact with the PTFE layer is made of copper, and the waveguide feed structure in contact with the glass layer is made of aluminum. Figure 1b The graph shows the S11 curve of the flat panel antenna. It can be seen from the graph that the S11 of the flat panel antenna in the 10.7GHz-14.5GHz frequency band is <-13dB, indicating a wide bandwidth. Figure 1c The figure shows a simulation of the electric field strength of a flat panel antenna at 12.7 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the field strength in the middle region is greater than that in the edge region, and the difference is significant. Figure 1d for Figure 1c The field strength distribution diagram shows the tangential electric field strength from (0, 5) to (0, 95) along the y-axis from 5 mm to 95 mm. It can be seen from the diagram that the field strength decreases away from the feed point, which significantly reduces the signal transmission efficiency at the edge of the slit opening, resulting in energy waste. It should be noted that the parameters in the above-mentioned planar antenna are only set for simulation testing purposes, and the size of the planar antenna disclosed herein is not limited to the parameters mentioned above.

[0050] Based on this, the present disclosure provides a planar antenna, referring to... Figure 2 The antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1, and resonant structures 2 and waveguide feed structures 3 disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 1 along its thickness direction. The resonant structures 2 have multiple slit openings 20 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals. The dielectric substrate 1 is a supporting and fixing component of the planar antenna, primarily used to provide a stable platform to maintain the correct position and orientation of the planar antenna. Simultaneously, the dielectric substrate 1 also transmits the electrical signals emitted by the waveguide feed structure 3 in the form of a field to the slit openings 20 of the resonant structures 2. The electromagnetic field then excites the slit openings 20 to generate electromagnetic signals and radiate electromagnetic waves. The dielectric substrate 1 includes multiple stacked sub-dielectric layers 10. To ensure the planar antenna can effectively radiate and receive signals and optimize its performance, the dielectric constant of the sub-dielectric layers 10 is set to be not less than 2.25. Specifically, the planar antenna also includes a power distribution layer 5, which is configured to adjust the internal field distribution of the planar antenna. For example, the power distribution layer 5 can adjust the electric field distribution of the planar antenna to be uniform, meaning the field strength of the planar antenna is basically the same or fluctuates within a small range. For example, the power distribution layer 5 can adjust the electric field strength in a certain area of ​​the flat panel antenna to be greater than that in other areas, thereby changing the gain, directivity, impedance matching and other parameters of the flat panel antenna, so that the flat panel antenna can be applied to various scenarios.

[0051] In some examples, the waveguide feed structure 3 serves two purposes: firstly, as a reflector layer for electromagnetic signals, allowing them to exit from one side of the resonant structure 2; and secondly, as a feed layer, feeding the resonant structure 2. The waveguide feed structure 3 has a first surface W1 and a second surface W2 disposed opposite to each other, with the first surface W1 closer to the resonant structure 2 than the second surface W2. A first groove 30 extending through its thickness is provided on the waveguide feed structure 3, located at its center. A portion of the sub-dielectric layer 10 fills the first groove 30. It is understood that the area of ​​the sub-dielectric layer 10 disposed within the first groove 30 is smaller than the area of ​​the sub-dielectric layer 10 disposed between the first surface W1 and the resonant structure 2. The sub-dielectric layer 10 located within the first groove 30 also has a through-hole extending through its thickness, within which a feed line 4 for the planar antenna is disposed. The sub-dielectric layer 10 that wraps around the feeder 4 provides mechanical isolation for the feeder 4, thus ensuring that the current flows only inside the feeder 4, preventing the feeder 4 from coming into contact with other metal objects and short-circuiting, and reducing the risk of short circuits.

[0052] In some examples, for the first slot 30, the diameter of its opening near the resonant structure 2 is not smaller than the diameter of its opening away from the resonant structure 2. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the first slot 30 is a stepped structure. For the sub-dielectric layers 10 stacked in multiple layers in the first slot 30, the orthogonal projection of the sub-dielectric layer 10 closer to the resonant structure 2 on the resonant structure 2 covers the orthogonal projection of the sub-dielectric layer 10 further away from the resonant structure 2 on the resonant structure 2. The reason for this arrangement is to ensure good antenna port blocking matching and reduce loss.

[0053] In some examples, the power distribution layer 5 includes multiple cutouts 50, and the electric field in the flat panel antenna can be coupled with the cutouts. Then the electric field can be redistributed according to the arrangement rules of the cutouts, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the entire inner field.

[0054] In one example, refer to Figures 3a-4cIn the power distribution layer 5, multiple hollow sections 50 are arranged in nested groups, with the hollow sections 50 in each group arranged sequentially at intervals. A line connecting the centers O of each group of hollow sections 50 forms a first shape P1. The centers of all the formed first shapes P1 are the same, and the distance D1 between any two adjacent first shapes P1 is equal, thus ensuring a uniform distribution of the inner field. For example, the formed first shape P1 is circular, and the various first shapes P1 form concentric circles. Of course, the formed first shape P1 can also be rectangular, regular hexagonal, etc. In this embodiment, only a circular first shape P1 is used as an example, where the center of the first shape P1 is the center of the circle. In some examples, the center of the first shape P1 is the feed point K of the planar antenna, and the orthographic projection of the feed line 4 onto any sub-dielectric layer 10 covers the feed point K. It should be noted that, to avoid affecting the resonant frequency of the planar antenna, the first shape P1 formed by the center O of the group of hollow sections 50 closest to the feed point K is spaced a certain distance D5 from the feed point O, such as... Figure 3b As shown, this distance D5 is the radius of the first shape P1 closest to the feed point K. For example, this radius can be 20mm.

[0055] The outline of the orthographic projection of the cutout portion 50 onto any sub-medium layer 10 is the third shape. In some examples, the third shape may include a circle, rectangle, square, regular hexagon, or fan ring, etc. It should be noted that the center of the cutout portion refers to the geometric center of the third shape. For example, if the third shape is a circle, the center of the circle is the center of the circular cutout portion. As another example, if the third shape is a rectangle, the intersection of the two diagonals of the rectangle is the center of the rectangular cutout portion. As another example, if the third shape is a regular hexagon, the intersection of any two diagonals of the regular hexagon is the center of the hexagonal cutout portion. As yet another example, if the third shape is a fan ring, the curved edge of the fan ring protrudes towards the side away from the center of the first shape. (Refer to...) Figure 4c The fan ring is formed by cutting two fan-shaped sections with different radii but the same centroid F. The radii of the two fan-shaped sections are R1 and R2, respectively, where R1 > R2. The center O of the fan ring cutout 50 is located inside the fan ring cutout 50 and on the axis of symmetry of the fan ring. The center O of the fan ring cutout 50 is (R1+R2) / 2 away from the centroid F of the fan-shaped section.

[0056] Furthermore, the shapes and sizes of the cutouts 50 within the same group are all equal, while the sizes of the cutouts 50 in different groups gradually increase in the direction away from the feed point K. For ease of description, the group of cutouts closest to the feed point K is called the first group of cutouts, the group of cutouts adjacent to the first group is called the second group of cutouts, and so on. For example, refer to... Figures 3a-3cThe cutouts 50 in the power distribution layer 5 are circular. Circular cutouts in the same group have the same radius R. The radius of the circular cutouts in the second group is larger than that in the first group, and the radius of the circular cutouts in the third group is larger than that in the second group. For example, the radius R of the circular cutouts in the first group is 1.388 mm, the radius R of the circular cutouts in the second group is 1.388 + 0.012 = 1.4 mm, the radius R of the circular cutouts in the third group is 1.4 + 0.012 = 1.412 mm, and so on, up to [1.388 + (N-1) * 0.012] mm in the Nth group. Alternatively, the cutouts 50 in the same group may be square cutouts with equal side lengths, and the angle between one side of each square cutout and the tangent line of the first graphic P1 at the center of the cutout 50 is the same, for example, 0°, 90°, or 45°. For example, refer to Figure 3d The square cutout portion has a first side S1 and a second side S2 arranged opposite to each other, and a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 arranged opposite to each other. The first side S1 and the second side S2 are parallel to the tangent line of the first graphic P1 at the center of the square cutout portion, and the third side S3 and the fourth side S4 are perpendicular to the tangent line of the first graphic P1 at the center of the square cutout portion. The side length of the square cutout portion in the first group is 2.776 mm, the side length of the square cutout portion in the second group is 2.776 + 0.024 = 2.8 mm, the side length of the square cutout portion in the third group is 2.8 + 0.024 = 2.824 mm, and so on, until the side length of the square cutout portion in the Nth group is [2.776 + (N-1) * 0.024] mm, and so on.

[0057] Correspondingly, the distance between two adjacent hollow sections 50 in the same group is the second distance D2, which is smaller the closer to the power supply point K. Taking the above circular hollow section as an example, the second distance D2 in the first group is 3.5mm, the second distance D2 in the second group is 3.55mm, the second distance D2 in the third group is 3.6mm, and so on.

[0058] Here, the edge of the first shape P1 that is cut off by the cutout portion 50 is the first curved edge S1. In some examples, refer to... Figure 3b and Figure 3cThe second distance D2 is greater than the length of the first curved edge S1. At this time, the orthographic projections of two adjacent hollow portions 50 on any sub-dielectric layer 10 do not overlap. For example, for the power distribution layer 5 including circular hollow portions, the radius of the circular hollow portion in the first group is 1.388 mm, the length of the first curved edge S1 is greater than the diameter of the circular hollow portion (because the first curved edge is a curve passing through the center of the circular hollow portion, the length of the curve must be greater than the length of the straight line), that is, the length of the first curved edge is greater than 2.776 mm, and the distance between two adjacent circular hollow portions 50, that is, the second distance D2, is 3.5 mm. At this time, the size relationship is: the second distance D2 (3.5 mm) > the length of the first curved edge S1 > the diameter of the circular hollow portion (2.776 mm). Therefore, there is no overlapping area in the orthographic projections of two adjacent circular hollow portions. When coupled with an electric field, the power distribution layer 5 formed by multiple hollow portions 50 with smaller areas has a larger adjustment space. For example, a more precise design can be achieved by adjusting the size and shape of some hollow portions 5.

[0059] In other examples, refer to Figures 4b-4c The second distance D2 is less than the distance D3 between the centers of the two cutout portions 50 along the first pattern P1, and D3 is less than the length of the first curved edge S1. At this time, the orthographic projections of two adjacent cutout portions 50 on any sub-medium layer 10 overlap. Because the cutout portion is actually a hole-like structure, when the orthographic projections of two cutout portions 10 overlap, the two cutout portions 50 connect to become a larger cutout portion. Thus, any two adjacent cutout portions 50 in the same group have overlapping areas, and a group of cutout portions connect sequentially to form a ring-shaped cutout portion. For example, refer to... Figures 4a-4c The hollowed-out portion 50 in the power distribution layer 5 is a fan ring hollowed-out portion. The arc of the fan ring hollowed-out portion protrudes towards the side away from the feed point K. At this time, if the distance D3 between the centers of the two hollowed-out portions 50 along the first pattern P1 is less than the length of the first curved edge S1, the fan ring hollowed-out portions can be connected to each other to form a circular hollowed-out portion. The area of ​​the circular hollowed-out portion is larger than the area of ​​a single fan ring hollowed-out portion. The fan ring hollowed-out portions in the same group can be formed by a one-time patterning process, so the preparation is simpler and the precision requirements of the equipment are lower.

[0060] In some examples, refer to Figure 2 The first distance D4 between the power distribution layer 5 and the first surface W1 of the waveguide feeding structure 3 is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength. This design is to ensure that the hollow portion 50 on the power distribution layer 5 can effectively receive electromagnetic waves and avoid energy loss.

[0061] In some examples, refer to Figures 5a-6bIn the resonant structure 2, multiple slit openings 20 are arranged in nested groups, with the slit openings 20 in each group arranged sequentially at intervals. The center line connecting the centers of each group of slit openings 20 forms a second shape P2. The centers of all the second shapes P2 are the same, and the centers of the second shapes P2 and the first shape P1 in the power distribution layer 5 are the same, both being the feed point K. This allows for matching between the resonant structure 2 and the power distribution layer 5, reducing energy loss and facilitating design. For example, the second shape P2 is circular. It should be noted that the width of the slit opening 20 is very narrow, and the center of the slit opening 20 refers to the center of the slit opening 20 along its length.

[0062] In some examples, each group of slit openings 20 can be divided into multiple alternating first slit units 21 and multiple second slit units 22, with each first slit unit 21 and each second slit unit 22 spaced circumferentially along the second pattern P2 and not overlapping. For ease of description, the slit opening in the first slit unit 21 is referred to as the first slit opening 210, and the slit opening in the second slit unit 22 is referred to as the second slit opening 220. For the first slit units 21 and second slit units 22 located in the same group and arranged adjacently, the first slit opening 210 in the first slit unit 21 and the second slit opening 220 in the second slit unit 22 are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first slit openings 210 and second slit openings 220 are symmetrically arranged about the extension line of a diameter of the second pattern P2 as an axis of symmetry, for example... Figure 5b The axis of symmetry L in, for example Figure 6b The axes of symmetry in the diagram are L1 / L2 / L3 / L4.

[0063] For example, refer to Figures 5a-5b The first slit unit 21 includes a first slit opening 210, and the second slit unit 22 includes a second slit opening 220. The first slit openings 210 and the second slit openings 220 are alternately arranged to form a set of slit openings. In this case, a second slit opening 220 is provided between two adjacent first slit openings 210, and a first slit opening 210 is provided between two adjacent second slit openings 220. Each first slit opening 210 and its two adjacent second slit openings 220 are symmetrically arranged. For adjacent first slit openings 210 and second slit openings 220, refer to... Figure 5b The two figures are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry L, which is the extension of a diameter of the second figure P2. (Continue referring to...) Figure 5bIn the figure, the angle between the length direction of the first slit opening 210 and the tangent line of the second graphic P2 at the center of the first slit opening 210 is α1, which is 45° for example. Correspondingly, the angle between the opening direction of the second slit opening 220 adjacent to the first slit opening 210 and the tangent line of the second graphic P2 at the center of the second slit opening 220 is α2, which is also 45°. Of course, angle α1 can also take other angle values, such as 30° or 60°, depending on the frequency band of the antenna.

[0064] For example, refer to Figures 6a-6b The first slit unit 21 includes four first slit openings 210 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second shape P2. For ease of description, the four first slit openings 210 are referred to as the first first slit opening, the second first slit opening, the third first slit opening, and the fourth first slit opening, respectively, in a clockwise direction. Correspondingly, the second slit unit 22 includes four second slit openings 220 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second shape P2. The four second slit openings are referred to as the first second slit opening, the second second slit opening, the third second slit opening, and the fourth second slit opening, respectively, in a clockwise direction. The first first slit opening and the first second slit opening are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry L1, the second first slit opening and the second second slit opening are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry L2, the third first slit opening and the third second slit opening are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry L3, and the fourth first slit opening and the fourth second slit opening are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry L4. The four axes of symmetry L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 rotate clockwise sequentially. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the end of each slit opening 20 closest to the center of the second shape P2 is the first end, and the end furthest from the center of the second shape is the second end. The line connecting the first ends of each first slit opening 210 and the first ends of each second slit opening 220 in the same group forms a first circle Y1, and the line connecting the second ends of each first slit opening 210 and the second ends of each second slit opening 220 in the same group forms a second circle Y2. The first circle Y1, the second shape P2 formed by the line connecting the centers of the slit openings 20 in this group, and the second circle Y2 constitute concentric circles.

[0065] Continue to refer to Figure 6bFor the four first slit openings 210 in a first slit unit 21, the angle between the length direction of each first slit opening 210 and the extension direction of the tangent to the second pattern P2 at the center of the first slit opening 210 decreases sequentially in a clockwise direction. For example, the angle β1 between the first first slit opening and the tangent to the second pattern at its center is 45°, the angle β2 between the second first slit opening and the tangent to the second pattern at its center is 40°, the angle β3 between the third first slit opening and the tangent to the second pattern at its center is 35°, and the angle β4 between the fourth first slit opening and the tangent to the second pattern at its center is 30°. Therefore, the length of the four first slit openings 210 increases sequentially in a clockwise direction. Correspondingly, the angle β5 between the first second slit opening and the tangent at the center of the second pattern is 45°, the angle β6 between the second second slit opening and the tangent at the center of the second pattern is 40°, the angle β7 between the third second slit opening and the tangent at the center of the second pattern is 35°, and the angle β8 between the fourth second slit opening and the tangent at the center of the second pattern is 30°. The lengths of the four second slit openings 220 increase sequentially in a clockwise direction. The resonant structure 2 formed by this arrangement can receive and transmit electromagnetic signals in the Ka band (26.5-40GHz) and Ku band (12-18GHz), and can be applied in satellite communication and radar fields.

[0066] In some examples, the planar antenna of this disclosure embodiment includes not only the structure described above, but also a support layer 6 disposed between the multilayer subdielectric layer 10 closest to the resonant structure and the resonant structure 2, as shown below. Figure 2 The material of the support layer 6 can include materials that are both rigid and lightweight, such as glass and plastic, to increase the stability and portability of the flat panel antenna. The total thickness of the support layer 6 and each sub-dielectric layer 10 is less than λg / 2, where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0067] In some examples, the planar antenna of this disclosure also includes a radome that encloses the internal resonant structure 2, dielectric substrate 1, and waveguide feed structure 3. The radome material may include fiberglass, modified PC material, polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), etc. The radome can protect the antenna system from the effects of wind, rain, snow, dust, and solar radiation, making the antenna system's performance more stable and reliable, while also reducing wear, corrosion, and aging, thus extending its service life.

[0068] Based on the above antenna structure, this disclosure also provides simulation test diagrams of the planar antenna. The planar antenna has dimensions of 190mm * 190mm * 4.7mm (length * width * height), where 4.7mm refers to the thickness of the intermediate dielectric layer. Specifically, the dielectric layer includes a 4.2mm thick dielectric substrate 1 and a 0.5mm thick support layer 6. The distance between the impedance matching layer 5 and the first surface W1 of the waveguide feed structure 3 is 2.1mm, and the power distribution layer 5 has a thickness of 0.5mm. (Refer to...) Figures 7a-7c , Figure 7a The graph shows the S11 curve of the flat panel antenna. It can be seen from the graph that the S11 of the flat panel antenna in the 10.7GHz-14.5GHz frequency band is <-10dB, indicating a wide bandwidth. Figure 7b The figure shows the simulation of the electric field strength of the flat panel antenna at 12.7 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, the electric field strength increases from the feed point to the edge, thus achieving internal field adjustment. Figure 7c for Figure 7b The field strength distribution diagram shows the tangential electric field strength from 5mm to 95mm along the y-axis (0, 5) to (0, 95). It can be seen from the diagram that the field strength increases in the direction away from the feed point, thus achieving the purpose of controlling the electric field strength distribution of the parallel antenna.

[0069] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device including the aforementioned flat panel antenna. The flat panel antenna further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The flat panel antenna can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the transparent antenna in the communication system can process it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0070] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband before transmitting them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0071] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0072] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0073] In some examples, the antenna provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier to provide voltage to the power amplifier for amplifying signals.

[0074] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planar antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, and a resonant structure and a waveguide feeding structure disposed on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate along its thickness direction; the resonant structure having a plurality of slit openings; the waveguide feeding structure having a first slot extending through its thickness direction; the dielectric substrate comprising multiple sub-dielectric layers stacked together, a portion of the sub-dielectric layers filling the first slot; in, The planar antenna further includes a power distribution layer; the power distribution layer is located between adjacent sub-dielectric layers; the power distribution layer is configured to adjust the internal field distribution of the planar antenna.

2. The flat panel antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The waveguide feeding structure has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction, wherein the first surface is closer to the resonant structure than the second surface; The power distribution layer has a first distance from the first surface, which is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

3. The flat panel antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The power distribution layer includes multiple hollow sections, which are arranged in nested groups. The hollow sections in each group are arranged at intervals, and the line connecting the centers of the hollow sections in each group forms a first pattern; the multiple first patterns share a common center.

4. The flat panel antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The distance between any two adjacent first graphics is equal.

5. The flat panel antenna according to claim 3, wherein, All the cutouts have the same shape, and the cutouts in the same group have the same size.

6. The flat panel antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The center of the first pattern serves as the feed point of the flat panel antenna, and the size of the cutout portion is smaller the closer it is to the feed point.

7. The flat panel antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The center of the first pattern serves as the feed point of the flat panel antenna, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent cutouts in the same group is the second distance; the closer to the feed point, the smaller the second distance.

8. The flat panel antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The outline of the orthographic projection of the hollow portion onto any of the sub-medium layers is either circular or square.

9. The flat panel antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The outline of the hollow portion projected onto any of the sub-medium layers is a fan ring, and the arc edge of the fan ring protrudes toward the side away from the center of the first pattern; the portion of the first pattern cut off by the fan ring hollow portion is the first curved edge. For two adjacent fan-shaped hollow portions located in the same group, the distance between their centers along the first pattern is less than the length of the first curved edge.

10. The flat panel antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The first shape is a circle.

11. The flat panel antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The multiple slit openings are arranged in nested groups, with the slit openings in each group spaced apart sequentially, and the line connecting the centers of the slit openings in each group forms a second shape; the multiple second shapes share a common center, and the center of the second shape is the same as the center of the first shape.

12. The flat panel antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The second shape is a circle.

13. The flat panel antenna according to claim 12, wherein, Each group of slit openings is divided into multiple alternating first slit units and multiple second slit units, wherein the slit opening in the first slit unit is a first slit opening and the slit opening in the second slit unit is a second slit opening. The first slit opening and the second slit opening are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding first slit opening and the second slit opening are symmetrically arranged with the extension line of a diameter of the second pattern as the axis of symmetry.

14. The flat panel antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The first slit unit includes a first slit opening; the angle between the length direction of the first slit opening and the extension direction of the tangent of the second pattern at the center of the first slit opening is 45°.

15. The flat panel antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The first slit unit includes four first slit openings arranged sequentially along the circumference of the second pattern, and the angle between the length direction of each first slit opening and the extension direction of the tangent of the second pattern at the center of the first slit opening decreases sequentially in a clockwise direction.

16. The flat panel antenna according to claim 1, wherein, For the first slot, the diameter near the resonant structure is not less than the diameter away from the resonant structure.

17. The flat panel antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The planar antenna also includes a support layer disposed between the one closest to the resonant structure in the multilayer subdielectric layers and the resonant structure.

18. The flat panel antenna according to claim 17, wherein, The total thickness of the support layer and each of the sub-dielectric layers is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

19. An electronic device comprising a flat panel antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-18.

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