A fertilization method to increase rice yield

Abstract

This invention discloses a fertilization method to increase rice yield, belonging to the field of crop planting technology; it includes: S1: Base fertilizer application, applying a mixed fertilizer solution of compound fertilizer, inhibitor, and water-soluble silicon fertilizer to the roots to form a nitrogen-silicon-inhibitor rhizosphere microdomain; S2: Fertilizer application during the tillering stage, 7-10 days after seedling transplanting, evenly spreading compound fertilizer, and foliar spraying water-soluble silicon fertilizer 3 days after compound fertilizer application; S3: Fertilizer application during the jointing and booting stage, applying compound fertilizer to fields with weak growth from the late tillering stage to the early jointing stage; foliar spraying water-soluble silicon fertilizer on the whole field on the day of fertilization; S4: Fertilizer application during the heading and panicle stage, 3-5 days before heading, during which no compound fertilizer is applied, only water-soluble silicon fertilizer is applied by foliar spraying. This invention solves the existing problem of natural antagonism between high nitrogen fertilization and silicon fertilizer application, and achieves the physiological metabolism synergy between high nitrogen nutrients and active silicon, thus solving the problem that high yield and lodging resistance, and high yield and quality cannot be achieved simultaneously with high nitrogen fertilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically relating to a fertilization method that can increase rice yield. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is my country's most important food crop, and ensuring its sustained, stable, and high yields is crucial for national food security. Scientific fertilization is a core technical means to increase rice yield, improve plant population structure, and increase the number of effective panicles and thousand-grain weight. Throughout the entire rice growth cycle, nitrogen in compound fertilizers is an essential macronutrient for rice growth and development. It is a core component of proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids, and various enzymes, playing a vital role in promoting vegetative growth, increasing photosynthetic product accumulation, and influencing yield and grain filling. Silicon fertilizer, on the other hand, strengthens cell walls, enhances stem mechanical strength, improves lodging resistance, increases stress resistance, promotes grain filling, and improves grain weight and quality throughout the rice's growth cycle.

[0003] Currently, throughout the entire rice growing cycle, the application of nitrogen and silicon fertilizers does not consider their synergistic effects on rice growth. The fertilization process is divided into two unrelated stages, resulting in isolated and simple superposition of fertilizer effects, while the effects of the two fertilizer elements are often limited. In addition, during the nitrogen fertilizer application stage, conventional "bombardment" application or phased application is used instead of fertilization according to the nitrogen release pattern of rice's entire growth cycle. This leads to a complete misalignment between the peak nitrogen release and the peak nitrogen absorption of rice, resulting in low nitrogen fertilizer utilization and a high risk of early tillering redundancy, later stem desilicification and weakness, and a significant increase in the risk of lodging. As for silicon fertilizer, it is usually limited to conventional two-time foliar spraying as "lodging-resistant fertilizer." The application of silicon fertilizer is completely disconnected from the release of nitrogen fertilizer, failing to achieve the synergistic effect of "nitrogen promoting growth, silicon solidifying structure, and silicon-nitrogen interaction improving quality," thus restricting the increase of rice yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fertilization method to increase rice yield. The invention uses a 29:6:7 high-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, and low-potassium compound fertilizer and a water-soluble silicon fertilizer. Targeting the nutrient requirements of rice throughout its entire growth cycle, the application depth of the two fertilizers is bound together, rather than creating an isolated superposition of their effects. This overcomes the existing difficulty of the natural antagonism between high-nitrogen fertilization and silicon fertilizer application, and achieves the synergistic physiological metabolism of high-nitrogen nutrients and active silicon. It solves the problem that high yield and lodging resistance, as well as high yield and quality, cannot be simultaneously achieved with high-nitrogen fertilization.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A fertilization method to increase rice yield includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Apply base fertilizer at least one day before transplanting rice seedlings, after the paddy field has been plowed and harrowed, and maintain a shallow water layer of 1-3 cm.

[0008] Apply the mixed fertilizer solution of compound fertilizer, inhibitor and water-soluble silicon fertilizer into the tillage layer 3-5cm away from the roots of the seedling holes and 4-6cm deep; to form a rhizosphere micro-domain of nitrogen-silicon-inhibitor with a diameter of 2-3cm; for manual fertilization, use the trench application method, with a trench depth of 5-8cm, and immediately cover with soil and rake it flat after application.

[0009] S2: Apply fertilizer during the tillering stage, 7-10 days after rice seedling transplanting, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage; maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5cm in the field, evenly spread compound fertilizer, and keep the water for 5-7 days after application to carry the fertilizer into the soil with water;

[0010] Three days after applying compound fertilizer, apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer by foliar spraying.

[0011] S3: Apply fertilizer during the jointing and booting stage. At the end of the tillering stage to the beginning of the jointing stage, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage from the top, maintain a shallow water layer of 3cm in the field, apply compound fertilizer to the weaker growing areas, and do not apply compound fertilizer to the vigorous growing areas; apply potassium chloride at the same time to supplement potassium; after fertilization, allow the water layer in the field to dry naturally and implement dry-wet alternating irrigation.

[0012] On the same day as fertilization, water-soluble silicon fertilizer was simultaneously sprayed on the leaves of the entire field.

[0013] S4: Fertilizer application during the heading and panicle stage. Apply fertilizer 3-5 days before the rice heads break, precisely corresponding to the first leaf stage. Do not apply compound fertilizer at this stage, only apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer through foliar spraying.

[0014] Preferably, the compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 25-35 kg / mu. The application rate of compound fertilizer at this stage accounts for 55%-65% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0015] The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is 25-35 ml / mu, and the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 10%-15% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0016] Preferably, the inhibitor is a DMPP nitrification inhibitor, and the application rate is 0.2% to 0.3% of the total nitrogen in the applied compound fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the compound fertilizer used during the tillering stage has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 10-15 kg / mu. For zinc-deficient fields, zinc sulfate is applied in combination at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / mu. The compound fertilizer applied during this stage accounts for 20%-30% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle.

[0018] The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer for foliar spraying is 35-45 ml / mu, diluted with 13-18 kg of water, and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 15%-25% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0019] Preferably, the compound fertilizer used for the jointing and booting stage has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 5-8 kg / mu; the compound fertilizer applied at this stage accounts for 10%-20% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle.

[0020] The application rate of potassium chloride is 2-3 kg / mu;

[0021] The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer for foliar spraying is 70-90 ml / mu, diluted with 15-25 kg of water, and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 30%-40% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0022] Preferably, the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer in the rice seedlings during the heading and panicle stage is 60-80 ml / mu, diluted with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 25%-35% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0023] Preferably, the dynamic control method for the tillering stage at the 4-leaf age is as follows:

[0024] If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is <3.0%, increase the amount of compound fertilizer used for tillering by 10%, while keeping the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer sprayed unchanged.

[0025] The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is 3.0%~3.5%: apply according to the standard dosage;

[0026] If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is >3.5%, reduce the amount of compound fertilizer used for tillering by 20% and increase the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer sprayed by 20 ml / mu. By supplementing silicon and controlling nitrogen, ineffective tillering and excessive growth can be avoided.

[0027] Preferably, the dynamic regulation method for the fourth leaf stage from the top during the jointing and booting stage is as follows:

[0028] The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is <2.8%: Apply the jointing fertilizer according to the standard dosage, and keep the dosage of water-soluble silicon fertilizer unchanged;

[0029] The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is 2.8%~3.2%: the amount of compound fertilizer used for jointing fertilizer is halved, while the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer remains unchanged;

[0030] If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the top is >3.2%, do not apply fertilizer at the jointing stage. Instead, increase the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer by 20 ml / mu to strengthen the stem's lodging resistance through silicon and avoid excessive growth due to high nitrogen.

[0031] Preferably, during the alternating wet and dry irrigation process of jointing and booting, the soil water potential is reduced to -10 kPa before rehydration to avoid root hypoxia and nitrogen denitrification loss caused by prolonged flooding.

[0032] Preferably, the dosage of the compound fertilizer is dynamically controlled in conjunction with the soil organic matter content, as follows:

[0033] For high-fertility soils (organic matter ≥30g / kg): the total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period should be reduced to 35-40kg / mu, and the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) should be controlled within 18:1.

[0034] Medium fertility soil (15~30g / kg organic matter): The total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period is 40~45kg / mu, and the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) should be controlled within 20:1.

[0035] Low-fertility soil (organic matter <15g / kg): The total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period is 45~50kg / mu, and the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) is controlled within 22:1;

[0036] For fields where straw is fully returned to the field, the amount of base fertilizer and compound fertilizer used should be reduced by 10%, and the application time of water-soluble silicon fertilizer during the tillering stage should be advanced by 2 days to promote straw decomposition and avoid early nitrogen fixation.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] This invention establishes rhizosphere nitrogen and silicon anchoring during the basal fertilizer application stage, combined with a four-dimensional synergistic system of foliar supplementation in three stages. Nitrogen release and silicon absorption are precisely matched throughout the entire time cycle, achieving synergistic physiological metabolism. This forms a closed-loop system for efficient silicon supply throughout the entire rice growth cycle, starting from the seedling stage: Rhizosphere application of basal fertilizer solves the problem of limited contact area during foliar spraying in the seedling stage, affecting silicon utilization; effective silicon supply during the seedling stage addresses the three core issues of nitrogen-silicon antagonism at the root and constructing a long-lasting rhizosphere nutrient microdomain; and foliar spraying in the mid-to-late stages addresses the three core needs of targeted silicon supplementation during critical window periods, avoiding soil fixation, and rapid stress resistance and quality improvement, which is key to achieving high yield and lodging resistance.

[0039] This invention achieves a significant synergistic effect between nitrogen and silicon through synchronous supply and spatiotemporal matching, effectively solving the technical problem of asynchronous silicon fertilizer application and nitrogen fertilizer release, and supply-demand mismatch in traditional fertilization. It realizes precise coupling of nitrogen release peak and silicon absorption peak, avoiding the problem of excessive nitrogen and insufficient silicon in the early stage of rice, resulting in excessive vegetative growth and weak plants, and significantly improving lodging resistance and nutrient utilization. It optimizes the nitrogen-silicon ratio in rice, promotes strong stems and developed root systems, and improves photosynthetic efficiency and seed setting rate, thus achieving stable, high yield and improved quality of rice. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the fertilizer application method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of rice plants at the tillering stage in the experimental fields of Comparative Example 4 and Example 1;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of rice stems at maturity in the experimental fields of Comparative Example 5 and Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Basic experimental conditions: The applicant's own rice experimental base in Kunming City, with moderate soil fertility and organic matter content of 26.8 g / kg;

[0046] Rice variety: Y Liangyou No. 1 (indica hybrid rice, main cultivated variety);

[0047] Experiment period: two seasons, all data are the average of the two seasons;

[0048] Core fertilizer: N:P:K=29:6:7 controlled-release compound fertilizer, Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, a fertilization method to increase rice yield includes the following steps:

[0051] S1: Apply base fertilizer at least one day before transplanting rice seedlings, after the paddy field has been plowed and harrowed, and maintain a shallow water layer of 1-3 cm.

[0052] A mixture of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 29:6:7), inhibitor, and water-soluble silicon fertilizer is applied to the tillage layer 3-5 cm beside the roots of the seedlings and 4-6 cm deep, forming a rhizosphere micro-domain of nitrogen, silicon, and inhibitor with a diameter of 2-3 cm. The application rate of compound fertilizer is 30 kg / mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied during the basal fertilizer stage accounts for 60% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle.

[0053] The application rate of Tu Bao Kang is 30 ml / mu, and the application rate of Tu Bao Kang during the basal fertilizer period accounts for 13.6% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

[0054] The inhibitor was a DMPP nitrification inhibitor. In this planting trial, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate was used as the DMPP nitrification inhibitor, and the addition amount was 0.2% to 0.3% of the total nitrogen in the applied compound fertilizer.

[0055] Rice is a typical silicon-loving hyperaccumulator crop. The seedling stage is the core window for active silicon absorption and a critical period for root system formation. Rice's active silicon absorption relies entirely on the OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 silicon transporters on the root epidermal cell membranes. The seedling stage is when the expression and activity of these transporters are highest, and the root system's active silicon absorption efficiency at this time is more than three times that of the later stages. However, rice seedlings have very small leaf surfaces and thin cuticles, making it difficult for foliar-applied silicon fertilizer to adhere evenly, resulting in extremely low absorption efficiency. Most of it falls into the paddy water and is fixed in the soil, completely failing to provide effective silicon supply. In contrast, deep rhizosphere application delivers Tubaokang's water-soluble silicon precisely to the root absorption sites, allowing rice to establish a basic silicon reserve during the seedling stage. Silicon absorbed during the seedling stage is preferentially distributed to the roots and stem base, directly determining the rice's lodging resistance and nutrient absorption capacity throughout its entire growth period—something foliar spraying simply cannot achieve.

[0056] Conventional existing technologies do not apply silicon fertilizer through foliar spraying during the seedling stage, let alone through rhizosphere application. This is because the prevailing understanding in the field is that water-soluble, fast-acting silicon fertilizers like Tubaokang are rapidly fixed by iron, aluminum, and calcium ions in the soil when applied to the rhizosphere, with an effective silicon fixation rate exceeding 80%. Therefore, they can only be applied through foliar spraying and not through soil application. However, this understanding is based on the premise that silicon fertilizer is applied alone. The synergistic application of compound fertilizer and water-soluble silicon fertilizer during the basal fertilizer stage in this solution completely breaks this limitation.

[0057] During the basal fertilizer application period, we simultaneously applied Tubaokang (a traditional Chinese medicine) along with 29:6:7 compound fertilizer (ammonium nitrogen content ≥60%) and DMPP nitrification inhibitor into the rhizosphere, forming a unique rhizosphere micro-domain: under the action of DMPP, the nitrification process of ammonium nitrogen is significantly inhibited, and H+ is continuously released in the rhizosphere micro-domain. +This allows the rhizosphere micro-domain to maintain a weakly acidic environment with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 for a long time, which is precisely the range in which water-soluble silicon has the highest availability. Under this environment, the activity of iron and aluminum ions in the soil is significantly inhibited, and they cannot combine with silicate to form precipitation. The effective silicon activity retention period of Tubaokang can be extended from the conventional 3 days to 15 days, which perfectly matches the slow release cycle of nitrogen controlled by basal fertilizer, realizing the synchronous release and absorption of silicon and nitrogen.

[0058] Silicon absorbed by the rhizosphere during the seedling stage is permanently deposited in the roots and basal internodes of the stem, responsible for building the root absorption system and the basal lodging-resistant structure. However, the silicon required by the newly formed stems, leaves, and glumes in the middle and later stages must be replenished during the corresponding growth stages. Applying silicon to the rhizosphere during the basal fertilizer stage builds an irreversible root protection system for rice, which cannot be compensated for by foliar spraying in the middle and later stages. Silicon fertilizer sprayed in the later stages will be preferentially distributed to the newly formed leaves and stems above ground, failing to reach the roots and basal stems, and failing to meet the core needs of root development and basal lodging resistance during the seedling stage. Therefore, if nitrogen and silicon are not applied synergistically to the seedlings during the basal fertilizer stage, the seedlings will grow with strong exterior but weak interior, which cannot be compensated for by foliar spraying of silicon in the later stages.

[0059] S2: Apply fertilizer during the tillering stage, 7-10 days after rice seedling transplanting, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage; maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5cm in the field, evenly spread compound fertilizer, and keep the water for 5-7 days after application to carry the fertilizer into the soil with water;

[0060] Three days after applying compound fertilizer, apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer by foliar spraying.

[0061] The compound fertilizer applied during the tillering stage should also use an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, at a rate of 10 kg / mu. If zinc deficiency occurs in some fields, zinc sulfate should be applied in addition, at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / mu. The compound fertilizer applied during the tillering stage accounts for 25% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle.

[0062] The application rate of Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer is 40ml / mu, diluted with 15kg of water and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the amount of Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer applied during the tillering stage accounts for 18% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle;

[0063] The application of silicon fertilizer and the precise supply of nitrogen during the tillering stage of rice not only promote the production of effective tillers, but also initiate the formation of silicified cells in rice stems in advance. At the same time, the nitrogen-silicon ratio in the plant is regulated by foliar silicon supplementation, avoiding redundant ineffective tillers and increasing the effective tillering rate. This is completely different from the extensive application of conventional tillering fertilizer.

[0064] S3: Apply fertilizer during the jointing and booting stage. At the end of the tillering stage to the beginning of the jointing stage, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage from the top, maintain a shallow water layer of 3cm in the field. Apply compound fertilizer to the weaker growing areas, and do not apply compound fertilizer to the vigorous growing areas. Apply potassium chloride at the same time to supplement potassium. After fertilization, let the water layer in the field dry naturally and implement dry-wet alternating irrigation. After draining during the dry-wet alternating irrigation, re-water when the soil water potential drops to -10kPa to avoid long-term saline water leading to root hypoxia and the disappearance of nitrogen denitrification.

[0065] On the same day as fertilization, water-soluble silicon fertilizer was simultaneously sprayed on the leaves of the entire field.

[0066] The compound fertilizer during the jointing and booting stage also has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7. Compound fertilizer should only be applied to fields with weak rice growth at this stage; fields with strong growth do not require compound fertilizer at this stage. The application rate is 5 kg / mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied at this stage accounts for 15% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle.

[0067] The application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer is 80 ml / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and then sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the amount of Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer applied at this stage accounts for 36.4% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle;

[0068] This is the core window period for silicon fertilizer application. High-dose Tubaokang combined with precise nitrogen supplementation works synergistically to meet the nitrogen requirements of young panicle differentiation and increase the number of grains per panicle through silicon-nitrogen metabolic interaction. It also significantly increases the stem wall thickness and the number of vascular bundles, further enhancing the stem's resistance to bending and fundamentally solving the risk of lodging caused by high nitrogen fertilization. At the same time, it significantly improves rice's resistance to sheath blight and rice planthoppers, reducing the incidence of diseases and pests, which is completely different from the lodging prevention application of conventional silicon fertilizer.

[0069] S4: Fertilizer application during the heading and panicle stage. Apply fertilizer 3-5 days before the rice heads break, precisely corresponding to the first leaf stage. Do not apply compound fertilizer at this stage, only apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer by foliar spraying.

[0070] The application rate of Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer during the heading and panicle stage is 70 ml / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer applied at this stage accounts for 31.8% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle; this spraying can also be mixed with pesticides for the prevention and control of rice false smut and rice blast.

[0071] This spraying method breaks through the conventional application of existing technology, which only involves a single spray before the rice grains break. It matches the silicon translocation pattern during the rice grain-filling period, promotes the translocation of photosynthetic products to the grains, improves the seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and extends the functional period of the flag leaf, preventing premature senescence caused by high nitrogen fertilization. More importantly, it can significantly alleviate the impact of high temperature heat damage on rice grain filling.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] This comparative example follows the same experimental field conditions, cycle, and rice variety as Example 1, but no fertilizer is applied.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] This comparative example follows the same experimental field conditions, cycle, and rice variety as Example 1, and uses the same 29:6:7 compound fertilizer. The total amount of compound fertilizer applied during the rice growth cycle is also the same as in Example 1, which is 45 kg / mu. However, this comparative example does not use the phased application method, but instead applies the fertilizer to the entire layer at once before transplanting, and does not use Tubaokang, and carries out conventional field management.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] This comparative example follows the same experimental field conditions, cycle, and rice variety as Example 1, and uses the same 29:6:7 compound fertilizer. The total amount of compound fertilizer applied during the rice growth cycle is also the same as in Example 1, which is 45 kg / mu. However, this comparative example applies different proportions of compound fertilizer at each stage, with the application ratios being the same as in Example 1: 60% for the basal fertilizer stage, 25% for the tillering fertilizer stage, and 15% for the jointing fertilizer stage. The fertilizer is applied throughout the entire growth layer without the use of Tubaokang (a traditional Chinese medicine), and conventional field management is followed.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] This comparative example follows the same experimental field conditions, cycle, and rice variety as Example 1, and uses the same 29:6:7 compound fertilizer. The same fertilization scheme as Comparative Example 3 is adopted. However, this comparative example uses Baokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer. The application method is to spray the leaves once before jointing and once before heading, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each time, 80ml / mu is diluted with 20kg of water, and the total amount used for the two applications is 160ml. Conventional field management is followed.

[0080] Comparative Example 5

[0081] This comparative example follows the same experimental field conditions, cycle, and rice variety as Example 1, and uses the same 29:6:7 compound fertilizer. The same compound fertilizer application scheme as Comparative Example 3 is also used. However, in this comparative example, during the basal fertilizer period, the fertilizer is applied to the seedling holes at the root side in the same manner as in Example 1, with an application rate of 30 ml / mu. In the later tillering, jointing, and heading stages, no more Tubaokang water-soluble silicon fertilizer is applied as a foliar spray, and conventional field management is performed.

[0082] Experimental data collection and calculation

[0083] 1) Actual yield per mu (kg)

[0084] After the rice is fully matured and harvested, the actual yield is measured in the field, and each crop is harvested individually. After drying to the standard moisture content (14.5%), the yield is calculated per mu (unit of land area).

[0085] 2) Increase in production compared to the control group (%)

[0086] The yield per mu (unit of land area) is calculated simultaneously with the yield calculation after the rice harvest;

[0087] Increase in yield compared to control (%) = (Yield per mu for treatment - Yield per mu for control) / Yield per mu for control × 100%

[0088] 3) Apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)

[0089] Harvest period calculations are conducted simultaneously with yield per acre.

[0090] Sampling: At maturity, take 3-5 representative plants from each area, including straw and rice.

[0091] Measurement: The total nitrogen content of straw and grain was measured separately, and the total nitrogen uptake was calculated.

[0092] 4) Lodging rate in the field (%)

[0093] Measurement period: Late milk stage to waxy maturity stage (most prone to lodging, lodging pattern basically finalized and no longer changing)

[0094] A survey is generally sufficient 7 to 15 days before harvest.

[0095] Method: Visually estimate the proportion of lodged area to total area or the proportion of lodged plants to total number of plants in each plot.

[0096] 5) Chalkiness of rice (%)

[0097] Measurement period: After harvesting and drying, during the indoor seed testing stage.

[0098] Time: After the rice has been dried, cleaned, and hulled;

[0099] Procedure: Process the rice into polished rice using a rice polishing machine, and then use a rice quality analyzer to grade and determine the chalkiness.

[0100] 6) Fruit setting rate (%)

[0101] Measurement period: Rice maturity stage, sampling and seed testing before harvest.

[0102] Sampling time: Yellow ripening stage, before grains fall off

[0103] Procedure: Randomly select 5-10 ears from each plot, count the total number of grains and the number of filled grains, and calculate:

[0104] Seed setting rate (%) = Number of filled grains / Total number of grains × 100%.

[0105] The measurement results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are recorded in the table below:

[0106] Table 1. Measurement results of various indicators in each group of rice planting experiments.

[0107] Group Actual yield per mu (kg) Increase in production compared to the blank (%) Apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) Lodging rate in the field (%) Chalkiness of rice (%) Fruit setting rate (%) Comparative Example 1 (Blank Group) 421.3 - - 0 3.1 71.8 Comparative Example 2 648.7 54.0 31.8 22.4 5.9 80.7 Comparative Example 3 695.2 65.0 38.2 17.9 5.6 83.1 Comparative Example 4 738.6 75.3 42.3 8.3 4.8 86.5 Comparative Example 5 712.4 69.1 39.8 14.7 5.2 84.0 Example 1 798.2 88.2 57.1 1.1 3.7 91.2

[0108] The data from the various indicators in Table 1 show that Comparative Example 3, with conventional phased fertilization, increased yield by 65.0% compared to the control, and Comparative Example 4, with conventional application of Tu Bao Kang fertilizer, increased yield by 75.3% compared to the control. The theoretical maximum yield increase of the two combined is 75.3%, while the embodiment of this invention increased yield by 88.2% compared to the control, far exceeding the theoretical combined value. This proves that the nitrogen-silicon synergistic system of this scheme achieves unexpected technical effects after synergistic enhancement, rather than being a simple superposition of conventional methods.

[0109] Compared with conventional fertilization in Comparative Example 3, this scheme improved nitrogen fertilizer utilization by 18.9 percentage points, reduced lodging rate from 17.9% to 1.1%, decreased rice chalkiness by 33.9%, and increased grain filling rate by 8.1 percentage points. At the same time, it solved the core needs of high yield, lodging resistance, and high quality, and achieved significant technological progress.

[0110] 1) Analysis of output and production increase effect

[0111] The experimental results showed that the actual yield of Example 1 of the present invention reached 798.2 kg per mu, which was 89.5% higher than that of the blank control group. The yield increase effect was significantly better than all control treatments.

[0112] Compared with the conventional "one-time" fertilization mode (Comparative Example 2), the yield per mu increased by 149.5 kg, which solved the problem of the disconnect between the nutrient release of one-time fertilization and the nutrient requirement of rice, and the problem of nutrient deficiency and yield reduction in the later stage;

[0113] Compared with the conventional phased fertilization model (Comparative Example 3), the yield per mu increased by 103 kg, proving that relying solely on phased application of nitrogen fertilizer cannot fully tap the high-yield potential, and that it is necessary to simultaneously match the synergistic supply of silicon.

[0114] Compared to the industry-standard combination of "conventional phased fertilization + two conventional foliar sprays of Tubaokang" (comparative example 4), the yield per mu still increased by 59.6 kg, breaking through the yield ceiling of the existing technology that simply adds silicon and nitrogen.

[0115] 2) Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency analysis

[0116] In Example 1 of this invention, the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reached 57.1%, achieving a significant improvement compared to the control groups.

[0117] Compared with conventional "one-time" fertilization (Comparative Example 2), it increased by 25.3 percentage points; compared with conventional phased fertilization (Comparative Example 3), it increased by 18.9 percentage points; and compared with the industry's common combination of fertilization and health-preserving treatment (Comparative Example 4), it increased by 14.8 percentage points.

[0118] The results validated the core technical effectiveness of this solution: by anchoring nitrogen and silicon in the rhizosphere of the base fertilizer, synergistic application of DMPP nitrification inhibitors, and alternating wet and dry water-fertilizer coupling, the ammonia volatilization, leaching, and denitrification losses of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer were significantly reduced. At the same time, silicon promoted rice root development and enhanced the active nitrogen uptake capacity of the roots, thus fundamentally solving the industry pain point that the nitrogen utilization rate of 29:6:7 high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has been below 40% for many years.

[0119] 3) Analysis of lodging resistance

[0120] Lodging rate in the field is a core indicator for verifying the feasibility of high-nitrogen fertilization. Experimental results show that:

[0121] The conventional high-nitrogen fertilization method has an extremely high risk of lodging. The lodging rates in the fields of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 reached 22.4% and 17.9%, respectively. Even with the conventional foliar spraying of Tubaokang (Comparative Example 4), the lodging rate was still 8.3%, which could not completely solve the problems of excessive growth and weak stems caused by high nitrogen.

[0122] In Example 1 of this invention, the lodging rate in the field was only 1.1%, which is 16.8 percentage points lower than that of conventional staged fertilization and 7.2 percentage points lower than that of conventional combined application of fertilizer and fertilizer, achieving almost no lodging throughout the entire process;

[0123] The results validated the effectiveness of this scheme in resolving the contradiction between high nitrogen and lodging: by applying silicon to the rhizosphere of the basal fertilizer to construct a lodging-resistant structure for the rice basal stems and by targeting silicon supplementation during the jointing stage to strengthen the stem wall thickness, the optimal nitrogen-silicon ratio was maintained throughout the process, thus fundamentally avoiding the problem of excessive vegetative growth and internal stunting caused by high nitrogen, and achieving the synergistic unity of high nitrogen promoting high yield and silicon fixing lodging resistance.

[0124] 4) Rice quality (chalkiness) analysis

[0125] Chalkiness is a core indicator of rice appearance and processing quality. Conventional high-nitrogen fertilization generally results in high yield but low quality. Experimental results show that:

[0126] Conventional high-nitrogen fertilization significantly reduced rice quality. The chalkiness of rice in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 reached 5.9% and 5.6% respectively, which were 90.3% and 80.6% higher than the control group. Even with the addition of conventional Tubaokang (Comparative Example 4), the chalkiness was still 4.8%, which could not reverse the negative impact of high nitrogen on quality.

[0127] In Example 1 of this invention, the chalkiness of the rice was only 3.7%, close to the natural quality level of the blank control group, which is 1.9 percentage points lower than that of conventional staged fertilization and 1.1 percentage points lower than that of conventional Tu Bao Kang combined application mode.

[0128] The results validated the effectiveness of this approach in improving rice quality: precise nitrogen and silicon synergistic regulation throughout the process avoided uneven grain filling caused by excessive nitrogen, while silicon promoted the translocation of photosynthetic products to the grains, optimizing grain filling fullness and completely solving the industry problem of "high yield but low quality" caused by high nitrogen fertilization.

[0129] 5) Analysis of yield stability (seed setting rate)

[0130] The seed setting rate directly determines the yield stability of rice, especially its ability to maintain yield under adverse conditions such as high temperature and heat damage. Experimental results show that:

[0131] In Example 1 of this invention, the rice seed setting rate reached 91.2%, which was 19.4 percentage points higher than the blank control group, 8.1 percentage points higher than the conventional staged fertilization (Comparative Example 3), and 4.7 percentage points higher than the conventional Tu Bao Kang combined application mode (Comparative Example 4).

[0132] Neither the single application of Baokang in the rhizosphere (Comparative Example 5) nor conventional foliar spraying (Comparative Example 4) could significantly improve the grain filling rate. Only the four-dimensional synergistic application mode of the present invention can improve the quality of rice spike development, extend the functional period of flag leaf, enhance stress resistance, and significantly reduce the proportion of empty grains by targeted silicon supplementation during the heading and panicle stage.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for increasing rice yield, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Apply base fertilizer at least one day before transplanting rice seedlings, after the paddy field has been plowed and harrowed, and maintain a shallow water layer of 1-3 cm. Apply the mixed fertilizer solution of compound fertilizer, inhibitor and water-soluble silicon fertilizer into the tillage layer 3-5cm away from the roots of the seedling holes and 4-6cm deep; to form a rhizosphere micro-domain of nitrogen-silicon-inhibitor with a diameter of 2-3cm; for manual fertilization, use the trench application method, with a trench depth of 5-8cm, and immediately cover with soil and rake it flat after application. S2: Apply fertilizer during the tillering stage, 7-10 days after rice seedling transplanting, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage; maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5cm in the field, evenly spread compound fertilizer, and keep the water for 5-7 days after application to carry the fertilizer into the soil with water; Three days after applying compound fertilizer, apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer by foliar spraying. The dynamic control method for fertilizer application during the tillering stage (4-leaf stage) is as follows: If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is <3.0%, increase the amount of compound fertilizer used for tillering by 10%, while keeping the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer sprayed unchanged. The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is 3.0%~3.5%: apply according to the standard dosage; If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is >3.5%, reduce the amount of compound fertilizer used for tillering by 20% and increase the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer sprayed by 20 ml / mu. By supplementing silicon and controlling nitrogen, ineffective tillering and excessive growth can be avoided. S3: Apply fertilizer during the jointing and booting stage. At the end of the tillering stage to the beginning of the jointing stage, precisely corresponding to the 4-leaf stage from the top, maintain a shallow water layer of 3cm in the field, apply compound fertilizer to the weaker growing areas, and do not apply compound fertilizer to the vigorous growing areas; apply potassium chloride at the same time to supplement potassium; after fertilization, allow the water layer in the field to dry naturally and implement dry-wet alternating irrigation. On the same day as fertilization, water-soluble silicon fertilizer was simultaneously sprayed on the leaves of the entire field. The dynamic control method for fertilizer application during the jointing and booting stage at the 4th leaf stage (after the leaf has fallen from the top) is as follows: The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is <2.8%: Apply the jointing fertilizer according to the standard dosage, and keep the dosage of water-soluble silicon fertilizer unchanged; The total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the bottom is 2.8%~3.2%: the amount of compound fertilizer used for jointing fertilizer is halved, while the amount of water-soluble silicon fertilizer remains unchanged; If the total nitrogen content of the second leaf from the top is >3.2%, do not apply fertilizer at the jointing stage, and increase the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer by 20 ml / mu to strengthen the stem's lodging resistance through silicon and avoid excessive growth due to high nitrogen. S4: Fertilizer application during the heading and heading stage. Apply fertilizer 3-5 days before the rice heads break, precisely corresponding to the first leaf stage. Do not apply compound fertilizer at this stage, but only apply water-soluble silicon fertilizer by foliar spraying.

2. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 25-35 kg / mu. The application rate of compound fertilizer at this stage accounts for 55%-65% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle. The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is 25-35 ml / mu, and the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 10%-15% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

3. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inhibitor used is a DMPP nitrification inhibitor, and the application rate is 0.2% to 0.3% of the total nitrogen in the applied compound fertilizer.

4. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer used during the tillering stage has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 10-15 kg / mu. For zinc-deficient fields, zinc sulfate is applied in combination at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg / mu. The compound fertilizer applied during this stage accounts for 20%-30% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle. The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer for foliar spraying is 35-45 ml / mu, diluted with 13-18 kg of water, and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 15%-25% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

5. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer used for the jointing and booting stage has an N:P:K ratio of 29:6:7, and the application rate is 5-8 kg / mu. The compound fertilizer applied at this stage accounts for 10%-20% of the total amount applied during the rice growth cycle. The application rate of potassium chloride is 2-3 kg / mu; The application rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer for foliar spraying is 70-90 ml / mu, diluted with 15-25 kg of water, and sprayed evenly on the rice leaves; the application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 30%-40% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

6. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer in the rice foliage during the heading and heading stage is 60-80 ml / mu, diluted with 15-25 kg of water, and applied as a uniform spray on the rice leaves. The application rate of water-soluble silicon fertilizer at this stage accounts for 25%-35% of the total application rate during the rice growth cycle.

7. The fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the alternating wet and dry irrigation process of jointing and heading, the soil water potential is restored when it drops to -10 kPa.

8. A fertilization method for increasing rice yield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the compound fertilizer is dynamically adjusted based on the soil organic matter content, as follows: For high-fertility soils with organic matter ≥30g / kg: reduce the total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period to 35~40kg / mu, and control the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) to within 18:1; For medium-fertility soils with 15-30 g / kg of organic matter: the total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period is 40-45 kg / mu, and the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) should be controlled within 20:

1. For low-fertility soils with organic matter <15g / kg: the total amount of compound fertilizer used throughout the entire growth period is 45~50kg / mu, and the ratio of total pure nitrogen (kg) to water-soluble silicon fertilizer preparation (L) is controlled within 22:

1. For fields where all straw is returned to the field, the amount of base fertilizer and compound fertilizer used is reduced by 10%, and the application time of water-soluble silicon fertilizer during the tillering stage is advanced by 2 days.

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