Integrated energy system operation methods and devices that consider carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for operating an integrated energy system that considers carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles. Belonging to the field of power technology, this invention divides the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains within the integrated energy system into multiple intervals throughout their entire lifecycle. Based on free carbon emission allowances, a tiered carbon trading mechanism with rewards and penalties is introduced to calculate the carbon trading costs of power plants. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of all power plants in the integrated energy system, a low-carbon optimized operation model for the integrated energy system is established based on the carbon trading costs of power plants, the unit cost of coal-fired power plants throughout their entire lifecycle, the unit cost of carbon capture power plants throughout their entire lifecycle, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. By solving the low-carbon optimized operation model of the integrated energy system, the optimal scheduling result that satisfies both carbon emission reduction and operational economics for each power plant in the integrated energy system is obtained, improving the accuracy of power plant carbon emission accounting and emission reduction benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating an integrated energy system that takes into account carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycles, and belongs to the field of power technology. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional carbon emission tracking methods focus only on the energy use stage, ignoring carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of energy production, transportation, and equipment. They also fail to fully consider the complexity of energy chain migration and the synergistic analysis of environmental impacts among multiple energy systems, resulting in significant deviations in carbon emission accounting and failing to support precise emission reduction decisions. Existing carbon trading systems mostly adopt traditional fixed-price models, without setting differentiated reward and penalty ranges based on actual emission differences. High-carbon enterprises have weak incentives to reduce emissions, while the emission reduction benefits for low-carbon enterprises are difficult to quantify, making it difficult to effectively guide the system to operate in a low-carbon manner through market mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a comprehensive energy system operation method and device that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle. It takes into account carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, and introduces a reward and punishment tiered carbon trading mechanism, which improves the accuracy of carbon emission accounting and emission reduction benefits of power plants. It solves the problem that current carbon emission tracking methods only focus on the energy use stage, resulting in large errors between carbon emission accounting and actual situation, and unclear emission reduction benefits.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides, in one aspect, a comprehensive energy system operation method that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycles, including:

[0006] Calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in an integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle;

[0007] The carbon emissions are divided into multiple ranges, and a tiered carbon trading mechanism with rewards and penalties is introduced based on free carbon emission allowances to calculate the carbon trading costs of power plants.

[0008] Establish an economic evaluation model for integrated energy systems to calculate the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs.

[0009] With the goal of minimizing the total cost of each power plant in the integrated energy system, a low-carbon optimization operation model for the integrated energy system is established based on the carbon trading cost of power plants, the unit cost of coal-fired power plants throughout their entire life cycle, the unit cost of carbon capture power plants throughout their entire life cycle, the cost of natural gas, and the cost of carbon dioxide storage and transportation.

[0010] Solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system to obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

[0011] Furthermore, the carbon emissions generated throughout the life cycle of various types of power plants using different energy chains in the integrated energy system include:

[0012] Based on the pre-established unit electricity carbon emission coefficients of the coal energy chain, natural gas energy chain, and wind energy chain, the theoretical carbon emissions of the integrated energy system are determined.

[0013] By separating the carbon emissions from the electricity-to-gas equipment and carbon capture consumption in the integrated energy system from the theoretical carbon emissions, we can obtain the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in the integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides an integrated energy system operation device that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, comprising:

[0015] The carbon emissions calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in an integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle.

[0016] The power plant carbon trading cost calculation module is used to divide carbon emissions into multiple intervals, introduce a reward and punishment tiered carbon trading mechanism based on free carbon emission allowances, and calculate the power plant carbon trading cost.

[0017] The assessment module is used to establish an economic assessment model for the integrated energy system and calculate the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs.

[0018] The optimization module is used to establish a low-carbon optimized operation model for the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the total cost of each power plant in the integrated energy system. This model is based on the carbon trading cost of power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs.

[0019] The decision-making module is used to solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system and obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention divides the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains within an integrated energy system into multiple intervals throughout their entire life cycle. Based on free carbon emission allowances, it introduces a tiered carbon trading mechanism with rewards and penalties to calculate the carbon trading costs of power plants. With the goal of minimizing the total cost for all power plants in the integrated energy system, a low-carbon optimized operation model for the integrated energy system is established based on the carbon trading costs of power plants, the unit cost of coal-fired power plants throughout their entire life cycle, the unit cost of carbon capture power plants throughout their entire life cycle, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. By solving this low-carbon optimized operation model, the optimal scheduling result that balances carbon emission reduction and operational economics for each power plant in the integrated energy system is obtained. This improves the accuracy of carbon emission accounting and emission reduction benefits for power plants and solves the problem that current carbon emission tracking methods only focus on the energy use stage, leading to excessive errors between carbon emission accounting and actual conditions, and unclear emission reduction benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an integrated energy system operation method that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated energy system operation device that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a comprehensive energy system operation method that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, including:

[0026] S1. Calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains throughout their entire life cycle in an integrated energy system; specifically:

[0027] Based on the pre-established unit electricity carbon emission coefficients of the coal energy chain, natural gas energy chain, and wind energy chain, the theoretical carbon emissions of the integrated energy system are determined, including:

[0028] The carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity for coal production, transportation, and use is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] ;

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during coal production. This indicates the unit loss in coal production. Indicates coal conversion efficiency. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of coal production. This indicates the self-combustion power loss rate of raw coal. This indicates the power loss rate during raw coal washing and beneficiation. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during coal transportation. This indicates the total number of coal transportation methods. Indicates the first Various modes of transportation This indicates the total number of fuel types used in transportation. Indicates the first Types of fuel, Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first Unit loss of each type of fuel Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first The first type of fuel produces Carbon emission intensity of greenhouse gases Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first The proportion of each type of fuel Indicates the first Coal transport volume of each mode of transportation Indicates the first Average transport distance for each mode of transport; Indicates the scale of coal mining equipment. Indicates the service life of coal mining equipment. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity used in the coal consumption process. This indicates the unit coal consumption in the power generation process. This indicates the carbon emission intensity per unit of standard coal for coal-fired power units;

[0033] The carbon emission coefficient per unit electricity of a coal-fired power plant during a given period is calculated using the following formula:

[0034] ;

[0035] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a coal-fired power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption in coal processing This indicates the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power generation. Indicates the load rate of coal mining equipment. Indicates the scale of coal mining equipment. Indicates the service life of coal mining equipment;

[0036] The carbon emission factor per unit of electricity for establishing the coal energy chain is expressed as: ;

[0037] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the coal energy chain.

[0038] The carbon emission factor per unit of electricity for natural gas during extraction, transportation, and use is calculated using the following formula:

[0039] ;

[0040] ;

[0041] ;

[0042] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during natural gas extraction. This indicates the total number of different types of greenhouse gases emitted. Indicates the first Conversion factors between greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. Indicates the first Greenhouse gas carbon emission intensity Indicates the escape rate of natural gas extraction. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of natural gas; This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the natural gas transportation process. Indicates the proportion of pipeline transportation. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of pipeline transportation. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of liquefied transport; This indicates the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity used in the natural gas consumption process. This indicates the carbon emission intensity per unit electricity of combined heat and power (CHP) equipment. Indicates the thermoelectric conversion coefficient. This indicates the unit thermal carbon emission intensity of the heat exchange equipment;

[0043] The carbon emission factor per unit electricity of a natural gas power plant is calculated using the following formula:

[0044] ;

[0045] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a natural gas power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption of natural gas in the process This indicates the carbon emission intensity of natural gas power generation. Indicates the load factor of natural gas equipment. Indicates the scale of natural gas equipment. Indicates the service life of natural gas equipment;

[0046] The carbon emission factor per unit of electricity for establishing a natural gas energy chain is expressed as: ;

[0047] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the natural gas energy chain.

[0048] The carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity for the fan in the production and transportation stages is calculated using the following formula:

[0049] ;

[0050] ;

[0051] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during the wind turbine manufacturing process. This indicates the conversion factor between standard electrical energy and energy consumption per unit. Indicates shared ownership Various materials are used in wind turbine construction. Indicates the first Material loss rate Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity of the construction process of this type of material Indicates the first The internal energy value of the material Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity in the production of this material Indicates the first The value of material transportation loss, Indicates the first The first type of material Carbon emission intensity of each construction phase Indicates the first The first type of material Loss rate at each stage of construction; This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity during the wind turbine transportation process. Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity of material transportation Indicates the first Value of material transportation loss;

[0052] The carbon emission coefficient per unit electricity of a wind turbine power plant is calculated using the following formula:

[0053] ;

[0054] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a wind turbine power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption of wind power This indicates the carbon emission intensity of wind power generation. Indicates the load rate of the fan equipment. Indicates the scale of the wind turbine equipment. Indicates the service life of the fan equipment;

[0055] The carbon emission factor per unit electricity for establishing a wind energy chain is expressed as: ;

[0056] in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the wind energy energy chain.

[0057] By separating the carbon emissions from the electricity-to-gas equipment and carbon capture consumption in the integrated energy system from the theoretical carbon emissions, we obtain the carbon emissions generated throughout the life cycle of various types of power plants using different energy chains in the integrated energy system, including:

[0058] Carbon emissions are calculated using the following formula:

[0059] ;

[0060] ;

[0061] ;

[0062] ;

[0063] ;

[0064] ;

[0065] in, Indicates carbon emissions; This indicates the carbon emissions from coal-fired power generation. express Power supply from coal-fired power plants at all times; This indicates the carbon emissions from natural gas power generation / heating. This represents the gas-to-heat conversion coefficient of the heat exchange equipment. express The heat exchange equipment supplies heat at all times. Indicates the gas-to-electricity conversion coefficient of combined heat and power (CHP). express The cogeneration equipment is always operating at full capacity. Indicates the gas-to-heat conversion coefficient of combined heat and power (CHP); This indicates the carbon emissions from wind power. This represents the standby capacity coefficient of the wind turbine. express Wind power supply at all times; This indicates the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the electro-gas conversion equipment. This indicates the carbon dioxide consumption coefficient per unit of electricity for the electro-gas conversion equipment. express The power consumption of the electro-gas conversion equipment is constantly monitored. Indicates carbon capture amount. This represents the carbon dioxide capture factor per unit of electricity. This indicates carbon capture efficiency.

[0066] S2. Divide carbon emissions into multiple ranges, introduce a tiered carbon trading mechanism based on free carbon emission allowances, and calculate the carbon trading costs for power plants, including:

[0067] Carbon emissions are divided into multiple ranges, and penalty and compensation factors are introduced.

[0068] If carbon emissions are not higher than the free carbon emission allowance, additional benefits are calculated based on the compensation factor; otherwise, additional costs are calculated based on the penalty factor.

[0069] The carbon trading cost for power plants is calculated using the following formula:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, This indicates the carbon trading costs for power plants. Indicates the carbon trading price, Indicates the penalty factor. Indicates the compensation factor. Indicates the length of the carbon emission range. This indicates free carbon emission allowances;

[0072] By designing a tiered carbon trading mechanism that incorporates both penalty and compensation factors, carbon emissions are divided into seven differentiated ranges, creating a control logic where the more emissions exceed the limit, the higher the fines, and the more emissions are reduced, the higher the benefits, thus significantly enhancing the market incentive effect.

[0073] S3. Establish an economic evaluation model for a comprehensive energy system, calculating the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs, including:

[0074] The integrated energy system economic evaluation model is expressed as follows:

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] ;

[0078] ;

[0079] in, This represents the operating cost of a conventional coal-fired power plant. This represents the unit cost of a coal-fired power plant over its entire lifecycle. This indicates the operating cost of the carbon capture unit. This represents the unit cost of a carbon capture power plant over its entire lifecycle. express time Energy consumption; Indicates the cost of natural gas. Indicates the natural gas cost coefficient. express Real-time natural gas consumption; This indicates the cost of storing and transporting carbon dioxide. This represents the cost coefficient for carbon dioxide storage and transportation.

[0080] ;

[0081] in, This represents the infrastructure cost of a conventional coal-fired power plant. This represents the conventional operation and maintenance cost of a power plant. Indicates the cost of coal. This represents the net output power of a conventional coal-fired power plant. Indicates the annual operating time of the power plant. Indicates the annualized amortization factor;

[0082] ;

[0083] in, This indicates the infrastructure cost of the carbon capture unit. This indicates the operation and maintenance cost of carbon capture units. Represents sales revenue of carbon products. This indicates the net output power of the carbon capture unit;

[0084] ;

[0085] , ;

[0086] in, Indicates the annual capital recovery factor. Indicates the interest rate. Indicates the inflation rate. Indicates the amortization period; Indicates the system maintenance factor. It indicates the construction period; by annualizing the infrastructure cost through the annual capital recovery factor and amortization factor, it comprehensively calculates the operation and maintenance cost, coal cost, carbon product sales revenue, and carbon trading revenue, effectively balancing low carbon and economic benefits.

[0087] S4. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of all power plants in the integrated energy system, establish a low-carbon optimization operation model for the integrated energy system based on the carbon trading costs of power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. This model includes:

[0088] Construct the objective function ;

[0089] in, This indicates that the total cost of all power plants in the integrated energy system is minimized. express Time of the first Operating costs of conventional coal-fired power plants express Time of the first Operating costs of carbon capture power plants;

[0090] Construct constraints:

[0091] The power balance constraint is expressed as:

[0092] ;

[0093] in, express The system electrical load at all times, express Real-time carbon capture unit energy consumption;

[0094] The thermal power balance constraint is expressed as:

[0095] ;

[0096] in, Indicates the heat conversion efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). This indicates the heat conversion efficiency of the heat exchange equipment. express System heat load at all times;

[0097] Equipment output constraints are expressed as follows:

[0098] ;

[0099] ;

[0100] ;

[0101] in, This indicates the maximum output of the coal-fired power unit. This indicates the maximum gradeability of the coal-fired power unit. This indicates the maximum gradient of the coal-fired power unit. express Power supply from coal-fired power plants at all times;

[0102] The operating constraints of wind turbine units are expressed as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] in, This indicates the maximum output of the wind turbine unit;

[0105] The operating constraints of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit are expressed as follows:

[0106] ;

[0107] ;

[0108] ;

[0109] in, This indicates the maximum output of the combined heat and power unit. This indicates the maximum ramp rate of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. This indicates the maximum gradient of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. express The combined heat and power (CHP) equipment is constantly producing power.

[0110] The operating constraints of the heat exchange equipment in a gas-fired boiler unit are expressed as follows:

[0111] ;

[0112] ;

[0113] ;

[0114] in, This indicates the maximum output of the gas-fired boiler unit. This indicates the maximum ramp rate of the gas-fired boiler unit. This indicates the maximum slope reduction rate of the gas-fired boiler unit. express The output of the gas-fired boiler equipment is constant.

[0115] The operating constraints of the power-to-gas generator unit are expressed as follows:

[0116] ;

[0117] ;

[0118] in, This indicates the maximum power consumption of the electric-to-gas generator unit;

[0119] This application constructs a collaborative operation closed-loop architecture, which transmits the high-purity carbon dioxide captured by carbon capture to the power-to-gas conversion equipment. The power-to-gas conversion equipment prioritizes the consumption of curtailed wind power to convert carbon dioxide into methane to supply cogeneration units and gas boiler units. At the same time, the energy consumption of the carbon capture equipment is included in the system power balance, which improves the wind power absorption rate and reduces unnecessary energy losses.

[0120] S5. Solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system to obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

[0121] In this embodiment, the IPOPT solver of GAMS software is used to solve the model to obtain the power output of each unit of the power plant in different time periods, which represents the balanced carbon emission reduction and economical operation scheduling results.

[0122] Example 2: As Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an integrated energy system operation device that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, including:

[0123] The carbon emissions calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in an integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle.

[0124] The power plant carbon trading cost calculation module is used to divide carbon emissions into multiple intervals, introduce a reward and punishment tiered carbon trading mechanism based on free carbon emission allowances, and calculate the power plant carbon trading cost.

[0125] The assessment module is used to establish an economic assessment model for the integrated energy system and calculate the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs.

[0126] The optimization module is used to establish a low-carbon optimized operation model for the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the total cost of each power plant in the integrated energy system. This model is based on the carbon trading cost of power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs.

[0127] The decision-making module is used to solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system and obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

[0128] The specific functions of each module described above are explained in the relevant content of the method in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage CD-ROMs, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0130] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each step in the flowchart can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device, generate instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0131] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 The function specified in one or more processes.

[0132] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 Steps of a specified function in one or more processes.

[0133] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive energy system operation method considering carbon emissions across the energy chain and equipment cycles, characterized in that, include: Calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in an integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle; The carbon emissions are divided into multiple ranges, and a tiered carbon trading mechanism with rewards and penalties is introduced based on free carbon emission allowances to calculate the carbon trading costs of power plants. Establish an economic evaluation model for integrated energy systems to calculate the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of each power plant in the integrated energy system, a low-carbon optimization operation model for the integrated energy system is established based on the carbon trading cost of power plants, the unit cost of coal-fired power plants throughout their entire life cycle, the unit cost of carbon capture power plants throughout their entire life cycle, the cost of natural gas, and the cost of carbon dioxide storage and transportation. Solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system to obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

2. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in the integrated energy system over their entire life cycle includes: Based on the pre-established unit electricity carbon emission coefficients of the coal energy chain, natural gas energy chain, and wind energy chain, the theoretical carbon emissions of the integrated energy system are determined. By separating the carbon emissions from the electricity-to-gas equipment and carbon capture consumption in the integrated energy system from the theoretical carbon emissions, we can obtain the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in the integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle.

3. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for establishing the unit carbon emission coefficient of the coal energy chain includes: calculating the unit carbon emission coefficient of coal in the production, transportation, and use stages using the following formula: ； ； ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during coal production. This indicates the unit loss in coal production. Indicates coal conversion efficiency. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of coal production. This indicates the self-combustion power loss rate of raw coal. This indicates the power loss rate during raw coal washing and beneficiation. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during coal transportation. This indicates the total number of coal transportation methods. Indicates the first Various modes of transportation This indicates the total number of fuel types used in transportation. Indicates the first Types of fuel, Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first Unit loss of each type of fuel Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first The first type of fuel produces Carbon emission intensity of greenhouse gases Indicates the first The first mode of transportation adopts the first The proportion of each type of fuel Indicates the first Coal transport volume of each mode of transportation Indicates the first Average transport distance for each mode of transport; Indicates the scale of coal mining equipment. Indicates the service life of coal mining equipment. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity used in the coal consumption process. This indicates the unit coal consumption in the power generation process. This indicates the carbon emission intensity per unit of standard coal for coal-fired power units; The carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a coal-fired power plant during a given period is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a coal-fired power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption in coal processing This indicates the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power generation. Indicates the load rate of coal mining equipment; The carbon emission factor per unit of electricity for establishing the coal energy chain is expressed as: ; in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the coal energy chain.

4. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for establishing the unit carbon emission coefficient of the natural gas energy chain includes: calculating the unit carbon emission coefficient of natural gas in the extraction, transportation, and use stages using the following formula: ； ； ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during natural gas extraction. This indicates the total number of different types of greenhouse gases emitted. Indicates the first Conversion factors between greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. Indicates the first Greenhouse gas carbon emission intensity Indicates the escape rate of natural gas extraction. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of natural gas; This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the natural gas transportation process. Indicates the proportion of pipeline transportation. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of pipeline transportation. Indicates the carbon emission intensity of liquefied transport; This indicates the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity used in the natural gas consumption process. This indicates the carbon emission intensity per unit electricity of combined heat and power (CHP) equipment. Indicates the thermoelectric conversion coefficient. This indicates the unit thermal carbon emission intensity of the heat exchange equipment; The carbon emission factor per unit electricity of a natural gas power plant is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a natural gas power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption of natural gas in the process This indicates the carbon emission intensity of natural gas power generation. Indicates the load factor of natural gas equipment. Indicates the scale of natural gas equipment. Indicates the service life of natural gas equipment; The carbon emission factor per unit of electricity for establishing a natural gas energy chain is expressed as: ; in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the natural gas energy chain.

5. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for establishing the unit electricity carbon emission coefficient of the wind energy chain includes: calculating the unit electricity carbon emission coefficient of the wind turbine in the production and transportation stages using the following formula: ； ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated during the wind turbine manufacturing process. This indicates the conversion factor between standard electrical energy and energy consumption per unit. Indicates shared ownership Various materials are used in wind turbine construction. Indicates the first Material loss rate Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity of the construction process of this type of material Indicates the first The internal energy value of the material Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity in the production of this material Indicates the first The value of material transportation loss, Indicates the first The first type of material Carbon emission intensity of each construction phase Indicates the first The first type of material Loss rate at each stage of construction; This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity during the wind turbine transportation process. Indicates the first Carbon emission intensity of material transportation Indicates the first Value of material transportation loss; The carbon emission coefficient per unit electricity of a wind turbine power plant is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity generated by a wind turbine power plant over a given period. Indicates the equipment cycle number Energy consumption of wind power This indicates the carbon emission intensity of wind power generation. Indicates the load rate of the fan equipment. Indicates the scale of the wind turbine equipment. Indicates the service life of the fan equipment; The carbon emission factor per unit electricity for establishing a wind energy chain is expressed as: ; in, This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the wind energy energy chain.

6. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon emissions from the electricity-to-gas conversion equipment and carbon capture consumption in the integrated energy system are separated from the theoretical carbon emissions to obtain the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains throughout their entire life cycle in the integrated energy system, including: The carbon emissions are calculated using the following formula: ； ； ； ； ； ； in, Indicates carbon emissions; This indicates the carbon emissions from coal-fired power generation. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the coal energy chain. express Real-time power supply from coal-fired power plants; This indicates the carbon emissions from natural gas power generation / heating. This represents the carbon emission factor per unit of electricity in the natural gas energy chain. This represents the gas-to-heat conversion coefficient of the heat exchange equipment. express The heat exchange equipment supplies heat at all times. Indicates the gas-to-electricity conversion coefficient of combined heat and power (CHP). express The cogeneration equipment is always operating at full capacity. Indicates the gas-to-heat conversion coefficient of combined heat and power (CHP); This indicates the carbon emissions from wind power. This represents the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity in the wind energy energy chain. This represents the standby capacity coefficient of the wind turbine. express Wind power supply at any time; This indicates the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the electro-gas conversion equipment. This indicates the carbon dioxide consumption coefficient per unit of electricity for the electro-gas conversion equipment. express The power consumption of the electro-gas conversion equipment is constantly monitored. Indicates carbon capture amount. This represents the carbon dioxide capture factor per unit of electricity. This indicates carbon capture efficiency.

7. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves dividing carbon emissions into multiple ranges, introducing a tiered carbon trading mechanism based on free carbon emission allowances, and calculating the carbon trading costs for power plants, including: Carbon emissions are divided into multiple ranges, and penalty and compensation factors are introduced. If carbon emissions do not exceed the free carbon emission allowance, additional benefits are calculated based on the compensation factor; otherwise, additional costs are calculated based on the penalty factor. The carbon trading cost for power plants is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This indicates the carbon trading costs for power plants. Indicates the carbon trading price, Indicates the penalty factor. Indicates the compensation factor. Indicates the length of the carbon emission range. This indicates free carbon emission allowances. This indicates carbon emissions.

8. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of an integrated energy system economic evaluation model calculates the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs, including: The integrated energy system economic evaluation model is expressed as follows: ； ； ； ； in, This represents the operating cost of a conventional coal-fired power plant. This represents the unit cost of a coal-fired power plant over its entire lifecycle. express Real-time power supply from coal-fired power plants; This indicates the operating cost of the carbon capture unit. This represents the unit cost of a carbon capture power plant over its entire lifecycle. express time Energy consumption; Indicates the cost of natural gas. This represents the natural gas cost coefficient. express Real-time natural gas consumption; This indicates the cost of storing and transporting carbon dioxide. This represents the cost coefficient for carbon dioxide storage and transportation. Indicates carbon capture amount. This indicates the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the electro-gas conversion equipment; ； in, This represents the infrastructure cost of a conventional coal-fired power plant. This represents the conventional operation and maintenance cost of a power plant. Indicates the cost of coal, This represents the net output power of a conventional coal-fired power plant. Indicates the annual operating time of the power plant. Indicates the annualized amortization factor; ； in, This indicates the infrastructure cost of the carbon capture unit. This indicates the operation and maintenance cost of carbon capture units. Represents sales revenue of carbon products. This indicates the net output power of the carbon capture unit; ； ， ； in, Indicates the annual capital recovery factor. Indicates the interest rate. Indicates the inflation rate. Indicates the amortization period; Indicates the system maintenance factor. Indicates the construction period.

9. The integrated energy system operation method considering carbon emissions from energy chains and equipment cycles according to claim 1, characterized in that, With the goal of minimizing the total cost of all power plants in the integrated energy system, a low-carbon optimization operation model for the integrated energy system is established based on the carbon trading costs of power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. This model includes: Construct the objective function ; in, This indicates that the total cost of all power plants in the integrated energy system is minimized. express Time of the first Operating costs of conventional coal-fired power plants express Time of the first Operating costs of carbon capture power plants express Real-time natural gas costs This indicates the cost of storing and transporting carbon dioxide. This indicates the carbon trading costs for power plants; Construct constraints: The power balance constraint is expressed as: ； in, express The amount of electricity supplied by coal-fired power plants at all times. express Wind power supply at all times Indicates the gas-to-electricity conversion coefficient of combined heat and power (CHP). express The cogeneration equipment is always operating at full capacity. express The system electrical load at all times, express The power consumption of the electro-gas conversion equipment is constantly monitored. express Real-time carbon capture unit energy consumption; The thermal power balance constraint is expressed as: ； in, Indicates the heat conversion efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). This indicates the heat conversion efficiency of the heat exchange equipment. express The heat exchange equipment supplies heat at all times. express Constant system heat load; Equipment output constraints are expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, This indicates the maximum output of the coal-fired power unit. This indicates the maximum gradeability of the coal-fired power unit. This indicates the maximum gradient of the coal-fired power unit. express Real-time power supply from coal-fired power plants; The operating constraints of wind turbine units are expressed as follows: ； in, This indicates the maximum output of the wind turbine unit; The operating constraints of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit are expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, This indicates the maximum output of the combined heat and power unit. This indicates the maximum ramp rate of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. This indicates the maximum gradient of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. express The combined heat and power (CHP) equipment is constantly producing power. The operating constraints of the heat exchange equipment in a gas-fired boiler unit are expressed as follows: ； ； ； in, This indicates the maximum output of the gas-fired boiler unit. This indicates the maximum ramp rate of the gas-fired boiler unit. This indicates the maximum slope reduction rate of the gas-fired boiler unit. express The output of the gas-fired boiler equipment is constant. The operating constraints of the power-to-gas generator unit are expressed as follows: ； ； in, This indicates the maximum power consumption of the electric-to-gas generator unit; This indicates the amount of carbon dioxide consumed by the electro-gas conversion equipment. This indicates the amount of carbon captured.

10. An integrated energy system operation device that considers carbon emissions from the energy chain and equipment cycle, characterized in that, include: The carbon emissions calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by various types of power plants using different energy chains in an integrated energy system throughout their entire life cycle. The power plant carbon trading cost calculation module is used to divide carbon emissions into multiple intervals, introduce a reward and punishment tiered carbon trading mechanism based on free carbon emission allowances, and calculate the power plant carbon trading cost. The assessment module is used to establish an economic assessment model for the integrated energy system and calculate the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. The optimization module is used to establish a low-carbon optimized operation model for the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the total cost of each power plant in the integrated energy system. This model is based on the carbon trading cost of power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of coal-fired power plants, the full-cycle unit cost of carbon capture power plants, natural gas costs, and carbon dioxide storage and transportation costs. The decision-making module is used to solve the low-carbon optimization operation model of the integrated energy system and obtain the scheduling results of the integrated energy system.

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