Integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountain, water, forest field, lake and grass

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain-water-forest-field lake-grass integrated protection and restoration zoning method, and relates to the field of ecological protection and restoration planning, and the method comprises the steps: preliminarily determining the type of a mountain-water-forest-field lake-grass integrated protection and restoration region based on ecological system protection and restoration historical data; constructing an evaluation index system of the evaluation object based on mountain, water, forest, field, lake, grass and social systems; calculating coupling coordination degrees among the systems, and dividing coupling coordination types according to the sizes of the coupling coordination degrees; constructing an ecological network according to a framework of ecological source land-resistance surface-ecological corridor-ecological node; and according to the coupling coordination type and the ecological network, adjusting and correcting the preliminarily determined mountain-water-forest-field lake-grass integrated protection and restoration area type, and delimiting mountain-water-forest-field lake-grass integrated protection and restoration subareas. The coupling coordination relation between the mountain, water, forest, lake and grass and the social system and the ecological network are incorporated into the mountain, water, forest, lake and grass integrated protection and restoration partition, and collaborative development of the social system and the ecological system is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological protection and restoration planning technology, and in particular to a zoning method for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands. Background Technology

[0002] Rapid urbanization and increased human socio-economic activities have damaged ecosystems and posed profound challenges to ecological protection and restoration. The integrated protection and restoration zoning of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands serves as the foundation for this integrated approach, providing practical guidance for optimizing the spatial pattern of these elements, improving ecological environment quality, coordinating the relationship between social systems and ecosystems, and promoting the implementation of integrated protection and restoration projects.

[0003] The integrated protection and restoration zoning of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands is a systematic project involving the interaction of multiple aspects and elements. Existing methods for integrated protection and restoration zoning of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands primarily focus on dominant functional zoning, ecosystem problem identification, ecosystem service supply and demand, and ecological networks. Most of these methods focus on single ecological elements or specific natural processes, employing methods that reflect the dynamic changes of ecosystems. However, few methods incorporate the coupling and coordination degree between mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands and social systems, as well as ecological networks, into the indicator system for integrated protection and restoration zoning. Furthermore, traditional zoning methods struggle to accurately quantify the complex relationship between human society and ecosystems. Existing methods for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands often use relatively macro-scale (watersheds, ecologically fragile or sensitive areas, etc.) as basic units for delineation. While these methods can reflect the overall regional zoning pattern, their large spatial scale makes it difficult to effectively reflect the differences within ecological elements, accurately identify key restoration units, and support refined ecological protection and restoration practices. At the same time, there are few integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands at multiple scales such as county level and grid scale, which makes it difficult for the zoning results to meet the actual needs of refined ecological protection and restoration, and their applicability in practical applications is limited.

[0004] Chinese invention patent application CN114677045A discloses a zoning method for ecological protection and restoration planning based on ecological assessment. This method comprehensively considers multiple factors for ecological assessment, thereby delineating ecological restoration zones and clarifying the main ecological problems and restoration plans for each zone. This provides a more accurate and scientific basis for ecological restoration zoning. Chinese invention patent application CN111582572A discloses a zoning method for ecological protection and restoration planning of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands. Based on the zoning scope, dominant functions, ecological problems, and restoration directions, it determines ecological protection and restoration zoning schemes, providing fundamental support for the planning of ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands.

[0005] Current technologies, while scientifically measuring the impact of human activities on the regional ecological environment by considering the interactions between ecosystems and social systems and constructing ecological networks to enhance the coherence between ecosystems, still lack integrated protection and restoration zoning techniques for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands. Existing research rarely incorporates the coupling and coordination relationships between social systems and ecosystems, as well as the quantification of ecological network outcomes, into multi-scale zoning indicator systems. Furthermore, insufficient attention is paid to achieving "dual carbon" targets, and further research is needed to integrate carbon sinks into ecological network construction and make them a dominant factor in zoning. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the lack of consideration in existing technologies regarding the coupled coordination between social and ecological systems, as well as the importance hierarchy of ecological networks. This invention proposes a zoning method for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, comprising: Based on historical data on ecosystem protection and restoration, the types of integrated protection and restoration areas for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands were initially determined for the evaluation targets. By combining multi-source data from natural geography, socio-economics, and remote sensing, an evaluation index system is constructed for the evaluation objects based on mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems. Calculate the coupling coordination degree between mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and social systems, and classify the coupling coordination type according to the magnitude of the coupling coordination degree; Based on the framework of "ecological source area - resistance surface - ecological corridor - ecological node", construct the ecological network of the evaluation object; Based on the coupling and coordination type and ecological network, the initially determined integrated protection and restoration area type of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands for the evaluation object is adjusted and corrected, and the integrated protection and restoration zones of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands for the evaluation object are delineated.

[0007] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands.

[0008] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program including computer-readable instructions, and the processor is configured to invoke the computer-readable instructions to execute the above-mentioned integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands.

[0009] The present invention also proposes a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention are: This invention first preliminarily determines the types of integrated protection and restoration areas for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands. Then, based on the integration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems, it constructs an evaluation index system for the evaluation objects and calculates the evaluation indices between systems. It also calculates the coupling and coordination degree between mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems. Furthermore, it constructs an ecological network from four aspects: ecological source areas, comprehensive resistance surfaces, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes, and classifies the importance levels of the ecological network. Based on the coupling and coordination types and ecological networks, the preliminarily determined types of integrated protection and restoration areas for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands are adjusted and corrected, and integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands are delineated. This invention simultaneously considers the coupling and coordination relationship between social systems and ecosystems, as well as the importance levels of ecological networks, constructing a multi-element, multi-scale, and multi-dimensional zoning method system for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands. This aims to achieve coordinated development of social systems and ecosystems, promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and drive sustainable social development. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] The flowchart of the integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 Specifically, it includes: I. Based on historical data on ecosystem protection and restoration, and considering the characteristics of the regional natural ecosystem, dominant ecosystem service functions, and major ecological stresses, the types of integrated protection and restoration areas for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands are preliminarily determined. These types specifically include: comprehensive soil and water conservation areas, water source conservation areas, comprehensive soil and water conservation restoration areas, biodiversity protection areas, ecosystem restoration and function enhancement areas, and ecological optimization areas.

[0014] II. Combining multi-source data from natural geography, socio-economics, and remote sensing, construct an evaluation index system for the evaluation objects based on mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems.

[0015] 1. Evaluation indicators for mountain systems include average topographic relief, gully density, slope coverage of 25 degrees and above, and investment in mine ecological restoration and management. Among these: 1) The average topographic relief is based on DEM data. Using the Neighborhood function in the Spatial Analyst module of ArcGIS 10.8 software, the Focal Statistics tool was used, with the "Statistical Type" selected as MAXIMUM to obtain the maximum level of the DEM. Select MINIMUM for "Statistical Type" to obtain the smallest layer of the DEM. The average topographic relief of the basic unit is calculated by dividing the DEM data into its maximum and minimum values ​​using neighborhood analysis, and then by dividing the data into zones for statistical analysis. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] In the formula, For the first The terrain undulation of each grid cell; For the first The maximum value of DEM within each basic cell; For the first The minimum value of DEM within each basic cell.

[0017] 2) The formula for calculating gully density is as follows:

[0018] In the formula, For the first The gully density of a basic unit; For the first The length of the gully in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit.

[0019] 3) The calculation of the slope coverage of slopes of 25 degrees and above is based on DEM data. The "slope" tool in the SpatialAnalyst tool of ArcGIS 10.8 software is used to calculate the slope value of each raster cell. The "reclassification" tool is used to classify the slope data into intervals of above and below 25 degrees, extract the surface cells with slopes exceeding 25 degrees, and then calculate the ratio of the area of ​​surface cells with slopes exceeding 25 degrees to the area of ​​the entire surface cell.

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, For the first Coverage of slopes of 25 degrees or higher within each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​a surface unit with a slope exceeding 25 degrees within a basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit.

[0022] 4) The formula for calculating the investment in mine ecological restoration and governance is as follows:

[0023] In the formula, For the first Investment in mine ecological restoration and governance of each basic unit; For the first Mine restoration area within each basic unit; For the region The area; For the region Investment in mine ecological restoration and governance.

[0024] 2. Evaluation indicators for water systems include soil erosion area, sewage treatment rate, precipitation, surface water yield modulus, groundwater yield modulus, and water yield coefficient.

[0025] 1) The area of ​​soil erosion is calculated by using the soil erosion model (RUSLE) to calculate the amount of soil erosion in each grid cell. Combined with the grid data, the area of ​​soil erosion is then calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, For the first The area of ​​soil erosion in each basic unit; For the first Soil erosion per grid cell; For the first Water and soil conservation factors for each grid; For the first Vegetation cover factor for each grid cell; For the first Slope factor of each grid cell; For the first Slope length factor of each grid cell; For the first Soil erodibility factors per grid; For the first Precipitation erosivity factor for each grid; For the first The area of ​​each grid cell; For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit; For the region The number of grid cells within; For the region The area affected by soil erosion.

[0028] 2) The formula for calculating the sewage treatment rate is as follows:

[0029] In the formula, For the first Wastewater treatment rate of each basic unit; For the first Wastewater treatment capacity of each basic unit; For the first The total amount of wastewater discharged by each basic unit.

[0030] 3) The precipitation dataset was generated in China using the Delta spatial downscaling scheme based on the global 0.5° climate dataset released by CRU and the global high-resolution climate dataset released by WorldClim. It was validated using data from independent meteorological observation points. The data format is nc files. Precipitation data was extracted and processed using Matlab software, converting the nc format to tiff format, and then the required data was obtained using the spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS 10.8 software.

[0031] 4) The formula for calculating the surface water yield modulus is as follows:

[0032] In the formula, For the first Surface water yield modulus of each basic unit; For the first The total water resources of each basic unit; For the first The amount of groundwater resources in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit.

[0033] 5) The formula for calculating the groundwater yield modulus is as follows:

[0034] In the formula, For the first Groundwater production modulus of each basic unit; For the first The amount of groundwater resources in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit.

[0035] 6) The formula for calculating the water production coefficient is as follows:

[0036] In the formula, For the first Water production coefficient of each basic unit; For the first The total water resources of each basic unit; For the first Annual precipitation in each basic unit.

[0037] 3. Evaluation indicators for forest systems include the area of ​​afforestation through conversion of farmland to forest, forestry output value, forest stock volume, and forest coverage rate.

[0038] 1) The formula for calculating the area of ​​afforestation through the Grain for Green program is as follows:

[0039] In the formula, For the first The area of ​​afforestation for returning farmland to forest in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit; For the region The area; For the region The area of ​​land converted from farmland to forest.

[0040] 2) The formula for calculating forestry output value is as follows:

[0041] In the formula, For the first The output value of forestry in each basic unit; For the first The land use type of each basic unit is the sum of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest patches; For the region The land use type of the inner grid is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of forest patches; For the region The forestry output value.

[0042] 3) The formula for calculating forest stock volume is as follows:

[0043] In the formula, For the first Forest stock volume of each basic unit; For the first The land use type of each basic unit is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of forest patches; For the region The land use type of the inner grid is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of forest patches; For the region The forest stock volume.

[0044] 4) Forest cover rate is the proportion of forest area to the total land area of ​​a region, expressed as a percentage. At the raster scale, it is calculated as the proportion of forest land pixels to the total number of pixels in a neighborhood. Using Python programming, the forest land area is extracted, and then the percentage of forest land in the neighborhood is calculated using focus statistical analysis, producing continuous spatial distribution raster data of forest cover rate. The formula for calculating forest cover rate is as follows:

[0045] In the formula, For the first Forest coverage rate of each basic unit; For the first Forest coverage per grid; For the first The area of ​​each grid cell; For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit.

[0046] 4. The evaluation indicators of the field system include per capita cultivated land area, per capita grain output, fertilizer application per unit of cultivated land, and grain sowing ratio.

[0047] 1) The formula for calculating the per capita arable land area is as follows:

[0048] In the formula, For the first The per capita arable land area of ​​each basic unit; For the first Number of farmland grids within a basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each grid cell; For the first Population data within each basic unit.

[0049] 2) The formula for calculating per capita grain output is as follows:

[0050] In the formula, For the first Per capita grain output of each basic unit; For the first The land use type of each basic unit is the sum of the normalized vegetation indices of cultivated land patches. For the region The land use type of the inner grid is the sum of the normalized vegetation indices of cultivated land patches; For the first Population data within each basic unit; For the region Total grain output.

[0051] 3) Quantifying fertilizer application per unit of cultivated land at the raster scale requires the use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which has been proven to correlate with crop yield and biomass. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generates a new image sequence based on the correlation between variance and covariance between bands. PCA sorts the extracted new images in descending order of information content (or variance), essentially eliminating the correlation between images and enabling data compression and information extraction in the sense of minimum mean square error. PCA was used to analyze the annual NDVI series (monthly data), and the principal component with the highest fit to fertilizer application was assigned to the spatial distribution of fertilizer application within the raster cell. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052] In the formula, For the first Fertilizer application per unit of cultivated land in each basic unit; For the first The mean of the principal components of NDVI within each basic unit; For the region Mean value of principal components of internal NDVI; For the region The amount of fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated land.

[0053] 4) The formula for calculating the grain sowing ratio is as follows:

[0054] In the formula, For the first The proportion of grain sowing in each basic unit; For the first The sown area of ​​grain crops in each basic unit; For the first The sown area of ​​crops in each basic unit.

[0055] 5. Evaluation indicators for the lake system include the area of ​​rivers and lakes, the total output value of fisheries, and the total runoff of rivers.

[0056] 1) The formula for calculating the area of ​​rivers and lakes is as follows:

[0057] In the formula, For the first The area of ​​rivers and lakes in each basic unit; For the first Number of river and lake grids in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each grid cell.

[0058] 2) The formula for calculating the total output value of fisheries is as follows:

[0059] In the formula, For the first The total output value of fisheries in each basic unit; For the first The land use type of each basic unit is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of the water patches; For the region The land use type of the inner grid is the sum of the normalized vegetation indices of the water patches; For the region Total output of aquatic products.

[0060] 3) The formula for calculating the total river runoff is as follows:

[0061] In the formula, For the first The total river runoff of each basic unit; For the first The cross-sectional average velocity of each basic unit; For the first The cross-sectional area of ​​each basic unit; For time.

[0062] For rectangular cross-sections, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] In the formula, For the first The cross-sectional width of each basic unit; For the first The average depth of each basic unit.

[0064] For trapezoidal cross-section The calculation formula is as follows:

[0065] In the formula, For the first The width of the top base of each basic unit; For the first The bottom width of each basic unit; For the first The average depth of each basic unit.

[0066] 6. Evaluation indicators for grassland systems include total grassland area, total livestock output value, normalized difference vegetation index, and net primary productivity of vegetation.

[0067] 1) Total grassland area

[0068] In the formula, For the first The total grassland area of ​​each basic unit; For the first The number of grid cells with grassland as the land use type within a basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each grid cell.

[0069] 2) The formula for calculating the total output value of animal husbandry is as follows:

[0070] In the formula, For the first The total output value of animal husbandry in each basic unit; For the first The land use type of each basic unit is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of grassland patches. For the region The land use type of the inner grid is the sum of the normalized vegetation index of grassland patches; For the region Total production of meat and dairy products.

[0071] 3) The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is based on GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI data. After preprocessing in ENVI software, including extraction, image mosaicking, data format conversion, projection transformation, and quality checks, the GIMMS NDVI data is corrected to match the MODIS NDVI data. Then, the Maximum Combined Vegetation Index (MVC) method is used to form a long-term NDVI dataset. Basic units are calculated through zonal statistical analysis. NDVI.

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Reflectivity in the near-infrared band; This refers to the reflectivity in the red light band.

[0074] 4) Net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation was calculated using a modified CASA model. Based on land cover, NDVI, temperature, precipitation, and surface solar radiation data, tools such as Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS, ENVI, and vegetation NPP remote sensing estimation software were used for band fusion, arrangement, cropping, and calculation. Integrating NDVI, solar radiation, vegetation type, and meteorological data, the CASA model was used to quantify photosynthetically active radiation and maximum photosynthetic utilization rate to calculate vegetation NPP. Basic units were calculated through zonal statistical analysis. The NPP of the CASA model is calculated as follows:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, For pixels exist Monthly net primary productivity; For pixels exist Photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the moon; For a single cell exist Actual solar energy utilization rate in the month; For time Moon Image The total solar radiation at that location; Represents a cell exist The proportion of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation in a given month. Represents a single cell exist Monthly ratio of vegetation index; This represents the proportion of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation, estimated using the normalized vegetation index. It represents the proportion of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation, estimated by the ratio vegetation index (SR). Represents a cell exist The normalized difference in vegetation index for the month; 0.5 refers to the proportion of solar effective radiation (wavelength 0.4~0.7μm) that can be utilized by vegetation to the total solar radiation; The first Minimum value of normalized vegetation index for plant type; and They are 0.001 and 0.95 respectively; and Corresponding to the first The 5th and 95th percentiles of NDVI for plant types This is the weighting coefficient, with a value of 0.5. and Low temperature and high temperature pixels respectively exist The stress on the utilization rate of lunar light energy; For pixels exist Monthly water stress coefficient; This represents the maximum utilization rate of light energy.

[0082] 7. Social systems include: socio-economic systems, governance systems, and actor systems.

[0083] 7.1 Evaluation indicators for the socio-economic system include GDP, population density, nighttime light intensity, and the proportion of land used for construction.

[0084] 1) The formula for calculating GDP is as follows:

[0085] In the formula, For the first GDP per basic unit; For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit; For the first GDP per grid.

[0086] 2) The formula for calculating population density is as follows:

[0087] In the formula, For the first The population size of each basic unit; For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit; For the first The population of each grid.

[0088] 3) Nighttime light data was obtained by coupling DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS data and cross-correcting them. DMSP-OLS imagery was corrected through resampling, oversaturation correction, sensor correction, and interannual correction; NPP-VIIRS imagery was corrected through resampling, noise reduction, and noise reduction processing; and cross-correction was performed to maintain data consistency. Basic units were calculated based on ArcGIS zoning statistics. Nighttime light data.

[0089] 4) The proportion of construction land is the ratio of the area of ​​construction land in a region to the total land area of ​​the region, expressed as a percentage.

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, For the first The proportion of construction land in each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​construction land within each basic unit; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit.

[0092] 7.2 The evaluation indicators for the governance system include average annual fiscal expenditure, total social fixed asset investment, and green coverage rate of built-up areas.

[0093] 1) The formula for calculating the average annual fiscal expenditure is as follows:

[0094] In the formula, For the first Average annual fiscal expenditure of each basic unit; For the region The area; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit; For the region The average annual fiscal expenditure.

[0095] 2) The formula for calculating total fixed asset investment is as follows:

[0096] In the formula, For the first Total fixed asset investment in the whole society in each basic unit; For the region The area; For the first The area of ​​each basic unit; For the region Total fixed asset investment in the whole society.

[0097] 3) Green coverage rate of built-up areas The green coverage rate of a built-up area refers to the proportion of the vertical projection area of ​​green space within the total area of ​​the urban built-up area. The normalized vegetation index (NVI) is used as the numerical value for the green coverage rate. The vegetation coverage of each raster pixel is calculated using a pixel-based bipartite model and a raster calculator tool, with basic units as the basis. The average NDVI value is used as the green coverage rate of the built-up area.

[0098] 7.3 The evaluation indicators for the actor system include the amount of smoke and dust emissions in the exhaust gas and the total electricity consumption of the whole society.

[0099] 1) The emission data of particulate matter in the exhaust gas is estimated by using the Kriging interpolation method based on the location and emission rate of the pollution source. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, For the first The amount of smoke and dust emitted in the exhaust gas of each basic unit; For the first The amount of smoke and dust emitted in the exhaust gas of each grid; For the first The emission rate of smoke and dust from each pollution source; For the first Measured smoke and dust concentrations from each pollution source; The standard dry flue gas flow rate is calculated using flue gas velocity, flue cross-sectional area, and state parameters (temperature, pressure, moisture content, etc.). For the first The amount of smoke and dust emitted per grid cell; For the first The emission rate of smoke and dust from each pollution source; For the first The pollution source affects the first The weighting coefficient of each grid cell reflects the influence of factors such as the distance between the pollution source and the grid cell, and meteorological conditions. For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit; m represents the number of pollution sources.

[0103] 2) Total electricity consumption data was calculated using an improved XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm combined with Kriging interpolation. Multi-source high spatiotemporal resolution data, including nighttime light pollution, temperature, carbon dioxide emissions, population distribution, GDP, building height, and surface area, were used as independent variables, with total electricity consumption as the dependent variable. The XGBoost model was trained using incremental learning to extract features at different spatiotemporal scales. Kriging interpolation was then used to refine the output grid results to capture and correct geographic autocorrelation features, thus obtaining the total electricity consumption data. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0104] In the formula, For the first The total electricity consumption of the whole society in each basic unit; For the first The number of grid cells within a basic unit; For the first The total electricity consumption of the whole society is represented by a grid.

[0105] Furthermore, the range method is used to standardize the indicator layer data, and the entropy weight method is used to assign weights to each indicator. Then, the evaluation index of each subsystem is calculated by multiplying the standardized data of each indicator by its corresponding weight. The calculation formula for the evaluation index of each system is as follows:

[0106]

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] The standardization of indicators can be calculated in the following two ways: Standardized formula for positive indicators:

[0112] Standardized formula for negative indicators:

[0113] In the formula, and These are the original value and the standardized value of the j-th evaluation indicator for the i-th evaluation object, respectively; and These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the j-th evaluation index, respectively; The weight of the j-th evaluation index value for the i-th evaluation object; Let the information entropy be the j-th evaluation index; Let be the weight of the j-th evaluation indicator; denoted as the weight of system t, where system t can be a mountain, water, forest, field, lake, grassland, or social system; v represents the number of evaluation indicators for system t. Let be the weight of the j-th evaluation index in system t; t represents the evaluation index of the system; m represents the number of evaluation objects; n represents the number of evaluation indicators.

[0114] 3. Calculate the coupling coordination degree between mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and social systems, and classify the coupling coordination type according to the magnitude of the coupling coordination degree.

[0115] An evaluation index system is constructed to calculate the coupling coordination degree between mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems. The interactions and coupling coordination relationships between these systems are quantitatively analyzed to scientifically measure the coupling coordination development level of each subsystem, thereby assessing the overall coordinated development status of each subsystem. The formula for calculating the coupling coordination degree is as follows:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, The degree of coupling between systems; These represent the evaluation indices for the mountain system, water system, forest system, field system, lake system, grassland system, and social system, respectively. It is a comprehensive coordination index between systems; The weights of each system are represented separately. Since mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and social systems are all important, any change in any system may lead to the collapse of the entire system. Therefore, the weights of each system are considered to be equal. This represents the coupling coordination degree, with a value ranging from 0 to 1. The higher the numerical value, the closer the connection and the better the coordination between the systems. Based on the natural breakpoint method and referring to existing coupling coordination level standards, the degree of coordination is divided into five categories: imbalance and decay, near imbalance, barely coordinated, basically coordinated, and highly coordinated, which are further subdivided into ten coupling coordination types, as follows: At that time, the coupling coordination type is extremely disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type is severely disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type was moderately disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type was mild misalignment; At that time, the coupling coordination type is on the verge of disharmony; At that time, the coupling coordination type is barely coordinated; At that time, the coupling coordination type is primary coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is intermediate coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is good coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is highly coordinated.

[0119] IV. Construct an ecological network based on the framework of "ecological source area - resistance surface - ecological corridor - ecological node".

[0120] 1. Selection of ecological source areas 1) Comprehensive evaluation method for ecological importance A comprehensive evaluation method was used to identify ecological source areas. Five factors were considered: ecological sensitivity, ecosystem function, landscape pattern analysis, ecological demand, and the degree of ecological land use demand. These factors were then comprehensively analyzed and calculated to obtain a comprehensive ecological importance score for each grid cell. The formula for calculating the ecological importance of a grid cell is as follows:

[0121] in, Indicates the first The overall score of the ecological importance of each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecological sensitivity assessment results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecosystem function assessment results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Landscape connectivity evaluation results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecological demand assessment results for each grid cell; This is the result of the ecological sensitivity assessment; For the results of ecosystem function assessment; The results are for the landscape connectivity assessment. Indicates the first Evaluation results of the ecological land use demand of each grid unit; This indicates taking the maximum value; This indicates taking the minimum value; ① Ecological sensitivity (ES) The ecological sensitivity of each grid cell is quantified by factors such as elevation, slope, topographic relief, land use type, distance from water body, and NDVI index. The ecological sensitivity is classified into levels by determining the grading criteria for each indicator.

[0122] ② Ecosystem function (EF) Ecosystem function is quantitatively evaluated using four indicators: net primary productivity, average annual rainfall, average annual temperature, and elevation. The formula for calculating ecosystem function is as follows:

[0123] In the formula: As a biodiversity assessment index; This represents the multi-year average of net primary productivity of vegetation. and These are the multi-year average rainfall and temperature, respectively. Elevation.

[0124] ③ Landscape connectivity (LC) Landscape connectivity was evaluated using Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA). Based on land use data, natural ecological elements with high ecosystem service value and minimal human disturbance (woodland, water bodies, wetlands) were designated as foreground data in the MSPA, with a foreground value of 2. Other land use types were designated as background data, with a background value of 1, to support the delineation of the regional ecological core area. MSPA analysis yielded seven landscape categories: core area, bridge-connected area, ring road area, island patches, branches, porosity, and edge. Different values ​​were assigned to different landscape types, with the core area receiving the highest value of 5, followed by decreasing values ​​for bridge-connected area, ring road area, island patches and branches, porosity and edge, and background.

[0125] ④ Ecological Requirements (RI) Considering human activities and the varying degrees of ecological needs across areas with different vegetation cover, ecological needs are primarily calculated from NDVI index and nighttime light data. The formula for calculating ecological needs is as follows:

[0126] In the formula: RI represents the ecological demand assessment result; monthly average The maximum value of the data; This represents the normalized nighttime light brightness value.

[0127] ⑤ Demand for Ecological Land Use (ED) The degree of ecological land demand varies across regions with different population densities, intensities of human activity, and rates of economic development, representing different levels of human need for ecological land. The formula for calculating the degree of ecological land demand is as follows:

[0128] in, For the first Ecological demand value of each grid cell; This represents the minimum value of the ecological demand. This represents the maximum value of the ecological demand.

[0129] The ecological demand value is calculated for each grid cell based on four indicators: land use development level, NDVI index, nighttime light index, and population density. The formula for calculating the ecological demand value is as follows:

[0130] Wherein, ER represents the ecological demand value; The degree of land use and development; for index; Nighttime light index; Population density.

[0131] 2) Carbon sequestration capacity assessment The Carbon Storage and Sequestration module of the InVEST model estimates the carbon storage of a region over a specific time period by combining the average carbon density of different land use categories with their corresponding land areas. The four basic carbon pools include the aboveground biotic carbon pool (carbon storage of all surviving plant material above the soil), the underground biotic carbon pool (carbon storage of living plant root systems), the soil carbon pool (organic carbon storage of mineral and organic soils), and the dead organic carbon pool (carbon storage of litter and dead trees). The total carbon storage of the region is obtained by multiplying the area of ​​each land use type by the carbon density of its corresponding four carbon pools and summing the results. Based on a quantitative estimate of carbon sink changes over different periods, the region is divided into carbon sink functional zones. According to the degree of carbon storage change, the region is divided into carbon sink enhancement zones, carbon sink consolidation zones, and carbon sink degradation zones. The formula for calculating the total carbon storage is as follows:

[0132] in, Total carbon storage; The number of land use types; Let i be the area of ​​the i-th land use type; , , and These represent the aboveground biomass carbon density, belowground biomass carbon density, soil carbon density, and dead organic carbon density for the i-th land use type, respectively.

[0133] Based on a comprehensive evaluation method and carbon sequestration capacity assessment, ecological source areas are comprehensively identified. Considering that larger ecological source areas have higher connectivity and important ecological functions, patches with strong carbon sequestration capacity are selected using the comprehensive evaluation method and after removing redundancies, ultimately identifying the ecological source areas. On this basis, the Conefor model is used to analyze landscape connectivity and evaluate the importance of ecological source areas. Landscape connectivity describes the correlation of ecological processes between landscape unit elements. The landscape connectivity evaluation objects are quantitatively assessed based on four landscape indices: Overall Connectivity Index (IIC), Possible Connectivity Index (PC), Patch Importance Index (dPC), and Landscape Coincidence Probability Index (LCP), thereby determining the importance level of different ecological source areas. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] In the formula, The overall connectivity index; The probability connectivity index; This is a plaque importance index; This is a probability index for landscape coincidences. The potential connectivity index after removing the plaque; For the first The area of ​​each patch; For the first The area of ​​each patch; For the first The and the first The number of connections between patches; The sum of the areas of the regions; For the first The and the first The maximum product of the probabilities of all paths between each patch; The number of connected patch regions within the region; This represents the total area of ​​the connected regions; This represents the total number of patches within the region.

[0138] 2. Construction of comprehensive resistance surface Based on natural environmental characteristics, economic development status, and ecosystem characteristics, a multi-factor comprehensive decision-making method was adopted to construct a resistance surface. Corresponding factors were selected from four major factors: topography, landscape type, vegetation cover, and biological factors. These factors included elevation, slope, topographic relief, land use type, NDVI index, distance to water bodies, and distance to wetlands, thus constructing an ecological resistance system. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy weight method, combining subjective and objective approaches, were used to determine the weights of each resistance factor. Furthermore, considering the impact of human disturbance factors on the expansion of ecological source areas, the influence of subjective assignment was weakened. The Human Settlement Composite Index (HSI) was used to characterize the interference of human activities on the flow and transmission of ecological elements, and the comprehensive resistance surface was modified to quantify the degree of impact of different regions on biological migration and ecological flow. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] In the formula, , , These are the original nighttime light data and their maximum and minimum values, respectively; Normalized nighttime light data; The maximum value of the normalized vegetation index; The composite index of human habitation; The ecological resistance coefficient is based on the human settlement composite index. For the first Human habitation composite index of each grid cell; For the first Landscape type corresponding to each grid unit The average composite index of human habitation; For the first The comprehensive ecological resistance coefficient of the landscape type corresponding to each grid cell.

[0142] 3. Ecological Corridor Identification The identification of ecological corridors is mainly based on a combination of the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) and hydrological analysis. The importance level of ecological corridors is evaluated based on gravity model calculations.

[0143] 1) Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) Model Based on the MCR model, and considering the interaction intensity and comprehensive resistance surface between ecological source areas, ecological corridors are constructed. Ecological nodes are extracted based on the connectivity between ecological corridors and the resistance to biological migration between patches, thereby improving landscape connectivity between ecological source areas. The calculation formula for ecological corridors is as follows:

[0144] in, This represents the minimum cumulative resistance value of the potential corridor. Let be the spatial distance from the j-th ecological source to the i-th landscape unit; Let be the ecological resistance coefficient of the i-th landscape unit; is a positive correlation function between the minimum resistance at any point in space and its distance to all other points and the characteristics of the landscape base surface; m represents the number of landscape units; n represents the number of ecological source areas.

[0145] 2) Hydrological analysis Hydrological analysis is performed on the cumulative distance surface using a series of hydrological analysis operations to ultimately form a low-resistance river network. A "river classification" tool is used to delineate the watershed, including steps such as generating a depression-free DEM, determining flow direction, discharge, and river network generation, extracting (vectorizing) the river network, and classifying it. Low-resistance "valley lines" are extracted as ecological corridors. Specifically, the "hydrological analysis" tool fills depressions on the cumulative distance surface, analyzes flow direction, sets thresholds, and calculates cumulative runoff. By repeatedly trying different threshold values, the connectivity and extension of the minimum cumulative resistance path are optimized. Therefore, values ​​exceeding the set threshold are extracted using a raster calculator, vectorized using a raster river network vectorization tool, and then smoothed to obtain low-resistance "valley lines" indicating species dispersal or ecological flow, thus determining the ecological corridors. The radial channels generated by hydrological analysis supplement ecological corridors between some areas that cannot be connected. Combined with the actual regional conditions, hydrological analysis is used to supplement and improve the ecological corridors obtained from the MCR model. Ecological corridors obtained from the Linkage Mapper tool are combined with hydrological analysis to extract radial corridors. The ecological corridors obtained from the two tools are then merged to remove redundant ecological corridors.

[0146] 3) Gravity Model Having identified ecological corridors, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of different ecological corridors. Gravity models can scientifically estimate the degree of interaction between different ecological source areas, thereby identifying the importance of ecological corridors between two ecological source areas in the ecosystem. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0147] In the formula: As an ecological source and The magnitude of the interaction forces between them; , Ecological source areas and The weight value; As an ecological source and The standardized cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them; , Ecological source areas and The area; , Ecological source areas and Its own resistance value; As an ecological source and The cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them; As an ecological source and The cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them.

[0148] 4. Ecological node extraction Ecological nodes were identified using a comprehensive method, combining the results of ecological "pinch points," ecological "barrier points," and hydrological analysis. Ecological "pinch points" are areas with high current intensity within ecological corridors, indicating good landscape connectivity. Ecological "barrier points" are areas that significantly impede biological movement between habitat patches; corresponding measures are taken to improve landscape connectivity between ecological source areas. Using the Pinchpoint Mapper module in the Linkage Mapper toolbox, current density was obtained through iterative calculations in both "all-to-one" and "Pairwise" modes. The highest-level areas were extracted as ecological "pinch points" by classifying current density into different levels. Secondly, using the Barrier Mapper module in the Linkage Mapper toolbox, the improvement in connectivity after removing a barrier point was characterized by the minimum cost distance improvement value. Areas with high values ​​indicate that restoration would enhance connectivity between ecological source areas, thus these were identified as ecological "barrier points." Hydrological analysis determined the ecological nodes, i.e., the radiation areas. Ecological nodes should be located at the intersection of the "catchment basin" outlet and the "river," which are important locations within the ecological corridor. Considering that the importance of ecological nodes varies in different locations, the importance of ecological nodes is evaluated based on the number and importance of the ecological corridors they are connected to, in addition to the construction of ecological corridors.

[0149] Ultimately, ecological sources, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes will be spatially superimposed to construct an ecological network.

[0150] V. Based on the aforementioned coupling and coordination type and the aforementioned ecological network, the initially determined integrated protection and restoration area types for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands are adjusted and corrected, and integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands are delineated.

[0151] Based on the calculated coupling coordination degree of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems, and the results of ecological networks, the initially determined integrated protection and restoration area types of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands were adjusted and revised, and then integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands were delineated. By analyzing the changes in the evaluation index of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems and the changes in the level of coupling coordination degree of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems over a certain period of time, areas where the evaluation index of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems decreased and were in a state of imbalance or decline or were on the verge of imbalance were designated as human-land coordination restoration zones; areas where the evaluation index of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems decreased and the coupling coordination degree of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and social systems changed from being on the verge of imbalance to imbalance or decline over a certain period of time were designated as human-land coordination protection and restoration zones. At the same time, considering the stability of ecosystem functions and the sustainability of ecosystem services, areas spanning important levels of ecological networks were subdivided according to the degree of importance into biodiversity protection areas, biodiversity conservation and maintenance areas, and biodiversity conservation and restoration areas, and the integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands were adjusted accordingly, and the final integrated protection and restoration zones for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands were determined.

[0152] Based on the zoning results of integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands, corresponding zoning schemes for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands will be formulated to provide technical support for integrated protection and restoration projects of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands.

[0153] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is included, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands.

[0154] Please see Figure 2 In one exemplary embodiment, the device further includes an electronic device including at least one processor, at least one memory, and at least one communication bus.

[0155] The memory stores a computer program, which includes computer-readable instructions. The processor calls the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory through the communication bus to execute the aforementioned integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands.

[0156] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is proposed, including a computer program / instruction that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands.

[0157] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A zoning method for integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, characterized in that, include: Based on historical data on ecosystem protection and restoration, the types of integrated protection and restoration areas for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands were initially determined for the evaluation targets. By combining multi-source data from natural geography, socio-economics, and remote sensing, an evaluation index system is constructed for the evaluation objects based on mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems. Calculate the coupling coordination degree between mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and social systems, and classify the coupling coordination type according to the magnitude of the coupling coordination degree; Based on the framework of "ecological source area - resistance surface - ecological corridor - ecological node", construct the ecological network of the evaluation object; Based on the coupling and coordination type and ecological network, the initially determined integrated protection and restoration area type of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands for the evaluation object is adjusted and corrected, and the integrated protection and restoration zones of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands for the evaluation object are delineated.

2. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation index system for the evaluation objects, based on the integration of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and social systems, is as follows: Evaluation indicators for mountain systems include average topographic relief, gully density, slope coverage of 25 degrees and above, and investment in mine ecological restoration and management. Evaluation indicators for water systems include soil erosion area, sewage treatment rate, precipitation, surface water yield modulus, groundwater yield modulus, and water yield coefficient; Evaluation indicators for forest systems include the area of ​​afforestation from farmland converted to forest, forestry output value, forest stock volume, and forest coverage rate; The evaluation indicators for the field system include per capita cultivated land area, per capita grain output, fertilizer application per unit of cultivated land, and grain sowing ratio. Evaluation indicators for lake systems include river and lake area, total fishery output value, and total river runoff. Evaluation indicators for grassland systems include total grassland area, total livestock output value, normalized difference vegetation index, and net primary productivity of vegetation. The social system includes: the socio-economic system, the governance system, and the actor system; Evaluation indicators for socioeconomic systems include GDP, population density, nighttime light intensity, and the proportion of land used for construction. Evaluation indicators for the governance system include average annual fiscal expenditure, total social fixed asset investment, and green coverage rate of built-up areas; The evaluation indicators for the actor system include the amount of smoke and dust emissions in exhaust gas and the total electricity consumption of the whole society.

3. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaluation index for each system is calculated based on the evaluation indicators of each system. The calculation formula is as follows: The standardization of indicators is calculated in the following two ways: Standardized formula for positive indicators: Standardized formula for negative indicators: In the formula, and These are the original value and the standardized value of the j-th evaluation indicator for the i-th evaluation object, respectively; and These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the j-th evaluation index, respectively; The weight of the j-th evaluation index value for the i-th evaluation object; Let the information entropy be the j-th evaluation index; Let be the weight of the j-th evaluation indicator; denoted as the weight of system t, where system t can be a mountain, water, forest, field, lake, grassland, or social system; v represents the number of evaluation indicators for system t. Let be the weight of the j-th evaluation index in system t; t represents the evaluation index of the system; m represents the number of evaluation objects; n represents the number of evaluation indicators. The formula for calculating the coupling coordination degree is as follows: in, These represent the evaluation indices for the mountain system, water system, forest system, field system, lake system, grassland system, and social system, respectively, with C representing the coupling degree between the systems. These represent the weights of each system; T represents the overall coordination index between systems, and R represents the degree of coupling coordination.

4. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the degree of coupling coordination (R), the coupling coordination types are classified as follows: At that time, the coupling coordination type is extremely disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type is severely disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type was moderately disordered; At that time, the coupling coordination type was mild misalignment; At that time, the coupling coordination type is on the verge of disharmony; At that time, the coupling coordination type is barely coordinated; At that time, the coupling coordination type is primary coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is intermediate coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is good coordination; At that time, the coupling coordination type is highly coordinated.

5. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive ecological importance score is calculated by comprehensively analyzing five factors: ecological sensitivity, ecosystem function, landscape pattern analysis, ecological demand, and ecological land use demand. This comprehensive ecological importance score is then used to identify ecological source areas. The formula for calculating the comprehensive ecological importance score is as follows: in, Indicates the first The overall score of the ecological importance of each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecological sensitivity assessment results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecosystem function assessment results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Landscape connectivity evaluation results for each grid cell; Indicates the first Ecological demand assessment results for each grid cell; This is the result of the ecological sensitivity assessment; For the results of ecosystem function assessment; The results are for the landscape connectivity assessment. Indicates the first Evaluation results of the ecological land use demand of each grid unit; This indicates taking the maximum value; This indicates taking the minimum value; in, This represents the multi-year average of net primary productivity of vegetation. and These are the multi-year average rainfall and temperature, respectively. Elevation; Wherein, RI represents the ecological demand assessment result; monthly average The maximum value of the data; Normalized nighttime light brightness values; in, For the first Ecological demand value of each grid cell; This represents the minimum value of the ecological demand. This represents the maximum value of the ecological demand. Wherein, ER represents the ecological demand value; The degree of land use and development; for index; Nighttime light index; Population density; Carbon sequestration capacity is calculated using the following formula: in, Total carbon storage; The number of land use types; Let i be the area of ​​the i-th land use type; , , and These represent the aboveground biomass carbon density, belowground biomass carbon density, soil carbon density, and dead organic carbon density for the i-th land use type, respectively.

6. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the resistance surface is as follows: in, For the first The ecological resistance coefficient of the th grid cell, corrected based on the composite index of human habitation; R represents the th th . The comprehensive ecological resistance coefficient of the landscape type of each grid cell; For the first Human habitation composite index of each grid cell; For the first The first grid cell Average composite index of human habitation for each landscape type; The composite index of human habitation; , , These are the original nighttime light data and their maximum and minimum values, respectively; Normalized nighttime light data; This represents the maximum value of the normalized vegetation index.

7. The integrated protection and restoration zoning method for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, Ecological corridors are constructed based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the calculation formula for ecological corridors is as follows: in, This represents the minimum cumulative resistance value of the potential corridor. Let be the spatial distance from the j-th ecological source to the i-th landscape unit; Let be the ecological resistance coefficient of the i-th landscape unit; is a positive correlation function between the minimum resistance at any point in space and its distance to all other points and the characteristics of the landscape base surface; m represents the number of landscape units; n represents the number of ecological source areas; Hydrological analysis was used to supplement and improve the minimum cumulative resistance model for constructing ecological corridors. The importance of ecological corridors is evaluated using the following formula: in, As an ecological source and The magnitude of the interaction forces between them; , Ecological source areas and The weight value; As an ecological source and The standardized cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them; , Ecological source areas and The area; , Ecological source areas and Its own resistance value; As an ecological source and The cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them; As an ecological source and The cumulative resistance value of the corridor between them.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory interconnected thereto, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program including computer-readable instructions, and the processor is configured to invoke the computer-readable instructions to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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