An auxiliary feed for feeding small ducklings

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed processing, and discloses a kind of supplementary feed for feeding small ducklings, comprising the following raw material components by weight: rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein enzymatic peptide powder, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, citric acid, sodium pyrophosphate, trehalose, malt dextrin, sorbitol, betaine, phytase preparation, silicon dioxide. By dissolving trehalose, malt dextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation in water to prepare phytase protection solution, and adding the phytase protection solution to the treated granules under vacuum conditions, while setting up low-temperature drying treatment, the phytase is loaded into the granule matrix after avoiding the high-temperature stage of granulation, thereby reducing the risk of phytase inactivation during granulation and subsequent processing, and improving the problem of low phosphorus release efficiency caused by phytase inactivation at high temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed processing technology, specifically to a supplementary feed for ducklings. Background Technology

[0002] Ducklings refer to ducklings in their early growth stage. During this period of rapid growth and development, ducklings have a high demand for nutrients such as protein, amino acids, and trace elements. Because ducklings' digestive systems are still developing, their ability to utilize some nutrients in feed is limited. Therefore, supplementary feeds are usually used in conjunction with the basic feed to provide additional nutrients and regulate the feed's nutritional structure, thereby meeting the nutritional needs of ducklings during their growth stage.

[0003] Existing supplementary feeds for ducklings are typically prepared using pelleting processes, with phytase and other enzymes added to the pellets to promote the decomposition of phytic acid phosphorus and thus improve phosphorus utilization. However, in current preparation processes, phytase is usually added directly to the feed ingredients during pelleting and enters the pelleting process along with the materials. The high temperatures involved in pelleting may affect phytase activity, leading to its inactivation during processing. This, in turn, reduces the ability to decompose phytic acid phosphorus and affects phosphorus release efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a supplementary feed for ducklings, which solves the problem that phytase is deactivated during processing, resulting in a decrease in the ability to decompose phytic acid phosphorus and affecting the release efficiency of phosphorus.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a supplementary feed for ducklings, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts rice bran, 10-18 parts wheat bran, 10-18 parts corn protein hydrolysate, 0.6-1.2 parts zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.4-0.8 parts manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.8-1.6 parts ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05-0.15 parts copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.0-2.0 parts citric acid, 0.3-0.8 parts sodium pyrophosphate, 3-6 parts trehalose, 3-6 parts maltodextrin, 0.8-2.5 parts sorbitol, 0.2-1.2 parts betaine, 0.05-0.4 parts phytase preparation, and 0.2-0.6 parts silicon dioxide.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, this auxiliary feed uses rice bran and wheat bran as basic raw materials, which together with corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder constitute the main body of the feed. The corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder provides amino acid components with a clear source. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate are used to provide zinc, manganese, iron, and copper elements. Citric acid and sodium pyrophosphate interact with the above trace elements in the solution system to form a coordination structure, thereby changing the existence state of the trace elements in the system. Trehalose, maltodextrin, and sorbitol constitute the stabilizing components of the phytase preparation system and coexist with the phytase preparation in the system to maintain the stability of the phytase preparation in the system. Betaine participates in the overall formula structure as a functional additive component in the feed. Silica exists in the system as an inorganic component to adjust the powder state. By combining the above-mentioned raw materials in the same formulation system, the amino acid components provided by the corn protein hydrolysate peptide powder and the trace element system coexist. The coordination system formed by citric acid and sodium pyrophosphate changes the form of trace elements in the system. At the same time, the stable system formed by trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation maintains the active state of phytase preparation in the feed system. Thus, at the formulation structure level, it provides the basic conditions for subsequent improvement of the low phosphorus release efficiency caused by high temperature inactivation of phytase and regulation of the relationship between branched-chain amino acids and trace elements in the digestion and absorption process.

[0007] A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings includes the following steps: S1. Mix rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide and granulate to obtain a granular matrix; S2. Dissolve citric acid in water and add zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in sequence to carry out complexation reaction. Then add sodium pyrophosphate and continue stirring to obtain a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution. S3. The particle matrix is ​​placed in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particle interior. S4. Perform low-temperature drying on the particles processed in step S3. S5. Dissolve trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation in water to prepare phytase protective solution, and add the phytase protective solution to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. S6. The pellets processed in step S5 are dried to obtain supplementary feed for ducklings.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, in step S1, rice bran, wheat bran, corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine and silicon dioxide are mixed and granulated to form a particle matrix, so that rice bran, wheat bran and corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder constitute the main body of the particle structure. Among them, corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder participates in the construction of the particle matrix as a source of branched-chain amino acids, so that the obtained particle matrix has the structural basis required for subsequent impregnation treatment. In step S2, citric acid is dissolved in water and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate are added in sequence to carry out a complexation reaction. Sodium pyrophosphate is added and stirring is continued so that citric acid and sodium pyrophosphate participate in the coordination process of metal ions, thereby forming a double-coordinated trace element complex solution. Under this complexed state, the metal ions exist in the complexed form. In step S3, the particle matrix is ​​placed in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particle matrix. Under the action of pressure difference, the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution enters the internal structure of the particle matrix, realizing the introduction and distribution of trace elements inside the particles. In step S4, the impregnated particles are subjected to low-temperature drying to remove the moisture introduced during the impregnation process and maintain the stability of the particle structure. In step S5, trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation are dissolved in water to prepare phytase protective solution. The phytase protective solution is then added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions, so that the phytase enters the particle interior after the particle matrix is ​​formed, thereby avoiding the high temperature environment of the granulation stage and loading the phytase into the particle matrix. Finally, in step S6, the particles processed in step S5 are dried to remove moisture from the phytase protection solution and ensure that the phytase is stably present inside the particle matrix. At the same time, through the aforementioned vacuum impregnation treatment of the dual-coordinate trace element complex solution and the vacuum addition treatment of the phytase protection solution, both the dual-coordinate trace element complex solution and the phytase protection solution enter the internal structure of the particle matrix, thereby reducing the concentration of functional components on the particle surface and forming a particle structure containing branched-chain amino acid sources, dual-coordinate trace element complex solution and phytase protection solution.

[0009] In step S1, mixing and granulation include the following steps: Rice bran and wheat bran are pulverized separately to control the particle size of the raw materials to 0.3–1.0 mm; Add the pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide to a mixer and mix for 5-10 minutes at a speed of 30-50 rpm. Water is added to the obtained mixture for conditioning, so that the moisture content of the material is 14-16%. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is 75-90℃ and the particle diameter is 1.2-2.0mm. The granulated particles are cooled to a temperature below 35°C to obtain the particle matrix.

[0010] By employing the above technical solution, rice bran and wheat bran are separately pulverized to form raw material particles with controlled particle size. This allows the rice bran and wheat bran to form a uniformly distributed mixture with corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silica during subsequent mixing. The pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silica are then added to a mixer for mixing. Under the rotation of the mixer, the components form a homogeneous mixture, in which the corn protease hydrolyzed peptide powder, as a source of branched-chain amino acids, participates in the composition and structure of the particle matrix. Water is added to the resulting mixture for conditioning, resulting in a mixture with... The material has a certain moisture content, which allows it to form a continuous granular structure after entering the granulator. The conditioned material is fed into the granulator for granulation, forming granules with a certain diameter. Rice bran, wheat bran, and corn protease hydrolysate powder form the main structure of the granule matrix. The granules are then cooled to lower the temperature and stabilize the structure, resulting in a granule matrix composed of rice bran, wheat bran, and corn protease hydrolysate powder. This granule matrix serves as the structural carrier for subsequent dual-coordinate trace element complexation solution impregnation and phytase protection solution addition treatments, ensuring that the resulting granule structure meets the particle morphology requirements of subsequent processing steps.

[0011] In step S2, citric acid is dissolved in water and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate are added sequentially to carry out a complexation reaction. Then, sodium pyrophosphate is added and stirring is continued to obtain a dual-coordinate trace element complex solution, including the following steps: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and add citric acid and stir until the citric acid is completely dissolved to form a citric acid solution; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate were added sequentially to the citric acid solution, and the mixture was stirred continuously to carry out a complexation reaction. Add sodium pyrophosphate to the resulting solution and continue stirring.

[0012] By employing the above technical solution, deionized water and citric acid are added to a reaction vessel and stirred to form a citric acid solution in the deionized water. This allows the citric acid to participate in the subsequent complexation reaction of metal ions in a dissolved state. Subsequently, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate are added sequentially to the citric acid solution, and a complexation reaction is carried out under continuous stirring. This allows the citric acid to react with the metal ions in the zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate. The metal ions exist in the solution in a complexed state through the interaction of the complexing agents. Sodium pyrophosphate is then added to the resulting solution and stirred further to allow the sodium pyrophosphate to participate in the further coordination process of the metal ions. This results in a complex system with citric acid, forming a dual-coordinate complex system and a dual-coordinate trace element complex solution. This solution allows the trace elements in zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate to exist in a dual-coordinate complexed form, providing a solution-state trace element system for subsequent introduction of the dual-coordinate trace element complex solution into the particulate matrix.

[0013] In step S2, the stirring speed during the complexation reaction is 400–600 rpm, the complexation reaction temperature is 25–40°C, and the complexation reaction time is 20–40 min.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the solute in the citric acid solution is kept in a continuously flowing state by controlling the stirring speed and conducting the reaction under stirring conditions during the complexation reaction. This allows zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate to form a uniform dispersion in the solution system after addition, and to undergo a complexation reaction with citric acid under continuous stirring. Simultaneously, the complexation reaction temperature is controlled during the complexation reaction, allowing citric acid to coordinate with the metal ions in zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate in the liquid phase system. Under continuous stirring and maintaining the complexation reaction time, citric acid forms a complex structure with the metal ions. Subsequently, sodium pyrophosphate is added and stirring continues, allowing sodium pyrophosphate to participate in the further coordination process of the metal ions, thereby forming a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution containing citric acid and sodium pyrophosphate. This ensures that the trace elements in zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate exist in a dual-coordinated complex form.

[0015] In step S3, the particle matrix is ​​placed in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particle interior. This includes the following steps: The particulate matrix is ​​added to a vacuum impregnation device, and a vacuum pump is started to perform a vacuuming process. The dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particulate matrix under vacuum conditions; Normal pressure is restored and the particles continue to roll, allowing the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particles.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the particle matrix is ​​added to a vacuum impregnation device and a vacuum pump is started to perform vacuum treatment, so that the original air inside the particle matrix is ​​extracted under negative pressure, thereby forming a negative pressure space inside the particle matrix. Subsequently, a dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid is added to the particle matrix under vacuum, so that the dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid comes into contact with the outer surface of the particle matrix under negative pressure. During the process of restoring normal pressure and continuing to roll the particles, the negative pressure space inside the particle matrix changes with the external pressure state, so that the dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid enters the internal structure of the particle matrix under the action of pressure difference. At the same time, the continuous rolling of the particles creates a continuous tumbling state between the particles, so that the dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid forms contact between the particle matrix surface and the particles and gradually enters the particle matrix. This allows the trace elements in the dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid to be distributed in the internal structure of the particle matrix in a dual-coordinate complexing form, and reduces the situation where the dual-coordinate trace element complexing liquid is concentrated on the surface of the particle matrix.

[0017] In step S3, during vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree is -0.07 to -0.09 MPa, the vacuuming time is 3 to 6 minutes, the amount of the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid added is 5 to 12% of the mass of the particle matrix, the particle rolling time after restoring normal pressure is 8 to 15 minutes, and the drum speed is 5 to 10 rpm.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the vacuum degree is controlled and the vacuuming time is maintained during the vacuum treatment process, so that the air inside the particle matrix is ​​expelled under continuous vacuum conditions, thereby forming a negative pressure space inside the particle matrix. Under the condition that the amount of dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid added corresponds to the mass of the particle matrix, the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid forms contact with the surface of the particle matrix under vacuum and covers the outer surface of the particle matrix. After restoring normal pressure, the particles are rolled, and under the conditions of particle rolling time and drum speed, the particle matrix is ​​continuously tumbling in the drum, so that the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid forms repeated contact between the particles. Under the action of the negative pressure space inside the particle matrix and the change of external pressure, it enters the internal structure of the particle matrix, so that the trace elements in the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid are distributed in the particle matrix in the form of dual-coordinated complexes, thereby reducing the situation where the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid is concentrated on the surface of the particle matrix and allowing the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid to enter the internal structure of the particle matrix.

[0019] In step S4, when performing low-temperature drying, the drying temperature is 35–40°C and the drying time is 40–90 min.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the particles treated in step S3 are dried at low temperature, which gradually removes moisture from the inside and surface of the particle matrix. This allows the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to maintain its distribution after entering the internal structure of the particle matrix. At the same time, the particles are kept in a continuous drying environment during the drying time, which gradually evaporates the moisture in the particle matrix and keeps the particle structure stable. This allows the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution, which has entered the particle matrix through vacuum impregnation, to form a stable distribution structure inside the particle matrix.

[0021] In step S5, trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and phytase preparation are dissolved in water to prepare a phytase protective solution. This phytase protective solution is then added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. The process includes the following steps: Add trehalose, maltodextrin and sorbitol to deionized water and stir until completely dissolved; Add phytase preparation to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The phytase protection solution is added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, trehalose, maltodextrin, and sorbitol are added to deionized water and stirred to dissolve them, thus forming a solution system containing trehalose, maltodextrin, and sorbitol. Then, phytase preparation is added to the resulting solution and stirring continues to ensure uniform dispersion of the phytase preparation in the solution system, thereby obtaining a phytase protective solution containing trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and the phytase preparation. Under vacuum conditions, the phytase protective solution is added to the particles treated in step S4. During granulation, the internal structure of the granule matrix is ​​brought into contact with the phytase protection solution under negative pressure. Under pressure change, the phytase protection solution is introduced into the internal structure of the granule matrix, allowing the phytase to enter the granule matrix after its formation. This avoids the high-temperature environment of the granulation process and allows the phytase to be loaded into the granule matrix. At the same time, the phytase protection solution is added to the internal structure of the granule matrix under vacuum conditions, causing the phytase to form a distribution structure inside the granule matrix. This reduces the concentration of phytase on the particle surface and ensures that the phytase exists inside the granule matrix.

[0023] In step S6, the drying temperature is 30-40℃, the drying time is 1-3 hours, and the particle size is 1.2-2.0 mm, resulting in supplementary feed for ducklings.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the granules processed in step S5 are dried, allowing the moisture introduced by the phytase protective solution after entering the internal structure of the granule matrix to gradually evaporate under drying temperature conditions, and maintaining the granules in a continuous drying environment under drying time conditions. This ensures that the trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and phytase preparation in the phytase protective solution form a stable state inside the granule matrix. At the same time, the granule matrix structure is kept stable during the drying process, and the phytase remains in its state after entering the internal structure of the granule matrix after its formation. This allows the phytase to avoid the high-temperature environment during granulation and be loaded into the granule matrix. After the drying process is completed, the granules maintain a predetermined particle size and form an auxiliary feed for ducklings. Both the dual-coordinate trace element complex solution and the phytase protective solution exist in the internal structure of the granule matrix, reducing the concentration of functional components on the particle surface.

[0025] This invention provides a supplementary feed for ducklings. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention prepares a phytase protective solution by dissolving trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and phytase preparation in water. The phytase protective solution is then added to the treated granules under vacuum conditions. Simultaneously, a low-temperature drying process is implemented to allow the phytase to avoid the high-temperature stage of granulation before being loaded into the granule matrix. This reduces the risk of phytase inactivation during granulation and subsequent processing, and improves the problem of low phosphorus release efficiency caused by high-temperature inactivation of phytase.

[0026] 2. This invention uses corn protein hydrolysate peptide powder as the source of branched-chain amino acids, and prepares a dual-coordinate trace element complex solution by combining citric acid with sodium pyrophosphate in combination with zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate. This complex solution is then introduced into the particle matrix through vacuum impregnation, which helps to improve the mutual interference between branched-chain amino acids and trace elements during the digestion and absorption process, thereby solving the problem of competitive absorption between branched-chain amino acids and trace elements.

[0027] 3. By setting up a vacuum impregnation treatment of the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution and a vacuum addition treatment of the phytase protective solution, the present invention enables the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution and the phytase protective solution to better penetrate into the particle matrix, reducing the situation where functional components are only distributed on the particle surface, thereby improving the uniformity of loading of each functional component in the auxiliary feed and the preparation stability.

[0028] 4. This invention uses rice bran, wheat bran and corn protein hydrolysate peptide powder to construct the granular matrix, and combines crushing, mixing, conditioning and granulation processes, as well as segmented drying processes, so that the resulting auxiliary feed for ducklings has good granule formability and process adaptability, which is easy to complete according to the established process and is suitable for implementation in the process of animal feed processing. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and comparative examples. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used below are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art, which can be obtained by those skilled in the art through commercial channels or prepared according to literature methods.

[0031] Example 1: This example provides a supplementary feed for ducklings, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts rice bran, 10 parts wheat bran, 10 parts corn protein hydrolysate, 0.6 parts zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.4 parts manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.8 parts ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 parts copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.0 part citric acid, 0.3 parts sodium pyrophosphate, 3 parts trehalose, 3 parts maltodextrin, 0.8 parts sorbitol, 0.2 parts betaine, 0.05 parts phytase preparation, and 0.2 parts silicon dioxide.

[0032] The above-mentioned method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings includes the following steps: S1. Mix rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide and granulate to obtain a granular matrix; The mixing and granulation process includes the following steps: Rice bran and wheat bran are pulverized separately to control the particle size of the raw materials to 0.3 mm; The pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide were added to a mixer and mixed for 5 minutes at a speed of 30 rpm. Water was added to the resulting mixture for conditioning, so that the moisture content of the material was 14%. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation at a temperature of 75°C and a particle diameter of 1.2 mm. The granulated particles are cooled to a temperature below 35°C to obtain a particle matrix.

[0033] S2. Dissolve citric acid in water and add zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in sequence to carry out complexation reaction. Then add sodium pyrophosphate and continue stirring to obtain a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution. This includes the following steps: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and add citric acid and stir until the citric acid is completely dissolved to form a citric acid solution; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate were added sequentially to a citric acid solution, and the mixture was stirred continuously to carry out a complexation reaction. Add sodium pyrophosphate to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The stirring speed during the complexation reaction was 400 rpm, the complexation reaction temperature was 25℃, and the complexation reaction time was 20 min.

[0034] S3. Place the particle matrix in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and add the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution into the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution to penetrate into the particle interior. This includes the following steps: Add the particulate matrix to the vacuum impregnation equipment and start the vacuum pump to perform vacuuming. The dual-coordinated trace element complex solution was added to the particulate matrix under vacuum conditions; Return to normal pressure and continue rolling the particles to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particles. During vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree is -0.07MPa, the vacuuming time is 3min, the amount of dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid added is 5% of the particle matrix mass, the particle rolling time after restoring normal pressure is 8min, and the drum speed is 5rpm.

[0035] S4. Perform low-temperature drying on the particles processed in step S3. When performing low-temperature drying, the drying temperature is 35℃ and the drying time is 40 minutes.

[0036] S5. Dissolve trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation in water to prepare phytase protective solution, and add the phytase protective solution to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. This includes the following steps: Add trehalose, maltodextrin and sorbitol to deionized water and stir until completely dissolved; Add phytase preparation to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The phytase protection solution was added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions.

[0037] S6. The pellets processed in step S5 are dried to obtain supplementary feed for ducklings. During the drying process, the drying temperature is 30℃, the drying time is 1 hour, and the particle size is 1.2mm.

[0038] Example 2: This example provides a supplementary feed for ducklings, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts rice bran, 14 parts wheat bran, 14 parts corn protein hydrolysate, 0.9 parts zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.6 parts manganese sulfate monohydrate, 1.2 parts ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1 parts copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.5 parts citric acid, 0.55 parts sodium pyrophosphate, 4.5 parts trehalose, 4.5 parts maltodextrin, 1.65 parts sorbitol, 0.7 parts betaine, 0.225 parts phytase preparation, and 0.4 parts silicon dioxide.

[0039] The above-mentioned method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings includes the following steps: S1. Mix rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide and granulate to obtain a granular matrix; The mixing and granulation process includes the following steps: Rice bran and wheat bran are pulverized separately to control the particle size of the raw materials to 0.65 mm; The pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silica were added to a mixer and mixed for 7.5 minutes at a speed of 40 rpm. Water was added to the resulting mixture for conditioning, bringing the moisture content of the material to 15%. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation at a temperature of 82.5℃ and a particle diameter of 1.6mm. The granulated particles are cooled to a temperature below 35°C to obtain a particle matrix.

[0040] S2. Dissolve citric acid in water and add zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in sequence to carry out complexation reaction. Then add sodium pyrophosphate and continue stirring to obtain a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution. This includes the following steps: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and add citric acid and stir until the citric acid is completely dissolved to form a citric acid solution; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate were added sequentially to a citric acid solution, and the mixture was stirred continuously to carry out a complexation reaction. Add sodium pyrophosphate to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The stirring speed during the complexation reaction was 500 rpm, the complexation reaction temperature was 32.5℃, and the complexation reaction time was 30 min.

[0041] S3. Place the particle matrix in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and add the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution into the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution to penetrate into the particle interior. This includes the following steps: Add the particulate matrix to the vacuum impregnation equipment and start the vacuum pump to perform vacuuming. The dual-coordinated trace element complex solution was added to the particulate matrix under vacuum conditions; The pressure was restored to normal and the particles continued to roll, allowing the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particles. During vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree was -0.08 MPa, the vacuuming time was 4.5 min, the amount of dual-coordinated trace element complex solution added was 8.5% of the particle matrix mass, the particle rolling time after restoring to normal pressure was 11.5 min, and the roller speed was 7.5 rpm.

[0042] S4. Perform low-temperature drying on the particles processed in step S3. During the low-temperature drying process, the drying temperature is 37.5℃ and the drying time is 65 minutes. S5: A phytase protective solution is prepared by dissolving trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and phytase preparation in water, and then adding the phytase protective solution to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions; this includes the following steps: Add trehalose, maltodextrin and sorbitol to deionized water and stir until completely dissolved; Add phytase preparation to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The phytase protection solution was added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions.

[0043] S6. The pellets processed in step S5 are dried to obtain supplementary feed for ducklings. During the drying process, the drying temperature is 35℃, the drying time is 2 hours, and the particle size is 1.6mm, resulting in supplementary feed for ducklings.

[0044] Example 3: This example provides a supplementary feed for ducklings, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: Rice bran 55 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, corn protein hydrolysate peptide powder 18 parts, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 1.2 parts, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.8 parts, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 1.6 parts, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.15 parts, citric acid 2.0 parts, sodium pyrophosphate 0.8 parts, trehalose 6 parts, maltodextrin 6 parts, sorbitol 2.5 parts, betaine 1.2 parts, phytase preparation 0.4 parts, silicon dioxide 0.6 parts.

[0045] The above-mentioned method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings includes the following steps: S1. Mix rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide and granulate to obtain a granular matrix; The mixing and granulation process includes the following steps: Rice bran and wheat bran are pulverized separately to control the particle size of the raw materials to 1.0 mm; The pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide were added to a mixer and mixed for 10 minutes at a speed of 50 rpm. Water was added to the resulting mixture for conditioning, so that the moisture content of the material was 16%. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation at a temperature of 90℃ and a particle diameter of 2.0mm. The granulated particles are cooled to a temperature below 35°C to obtain a particle matrix.

[0046] S2. Dissolve citric acid in water and add zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in sequence to carry out complexation reaction. Then add sodium pyrophosphate and continue stirring to obtain a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution. This includes the following steps: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and add citric acid and stir until the citric acid is completely dissolved to form a citric acid solution; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate were added sequentially to a citric acid solution, and the mixture was stirred continuously to carry out a complexation reaction. Add sodium pyrophosphate to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The stirring speed during the complexation reaction was 600 rpm, the complexation reaction temperature was 40℃, and the complexation reaction time was 40 min.

[0047] S3. Place the particle matrix in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and add the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution into the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complexing solution to penetrate into the particle interior. This includes the following steps: Add the particulate matrix to the vacuum impregnation equipment and start the vacuum pump to perform vacuuming. The dual-coordinated trace element complex solution was added to the particulate matrix under vacuum conditions; Return to normal pressure and continue rolling the particles to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particles. During vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree was -0.09MPa, the vacuuming time was 6min, the amount of dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid added was 12% of the particle matrix mass, the particle rolling time after restoring normal pressure was 15min, and the drum speed was 10rpm.

[0048] S4. Perform low-temperature drying on the particles processed in step S3. When performing low-temperature drying, the drying temperature is 40℃ and the drying time is 90 minutes.

[0049] S5. Dissolve trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation in water to prepare phytase protective solution, and add the phytase protective solution to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. This includes the following steps: Add trehalose, maltodextrin and sorbitol to deionized water and stir until completely dissolved; Add phytase preparation to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The phytase protection solution was added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions.

[0050] S6. The pellets processed in step S5 are dried to obtain supplementary feed for ducklings. During the drying process, the drying temperature is 40℃, the drying time is 3 hours, and the particle size is 2.0mm, resulting in supplementary feed for ducklings.

[0051] Comparative Example 1 The only difference from Example 2 is that sodium pyrophosphate is not added. After dissolving citric acid in water and sequentially adding zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate for complexation reaction, sodium pyrophosphate is not added and stirring is continued.

[0052] Comparative Example 2 The only difference from Example 2 is that in step S3, instead of using a vacuum impregnation device for vacuuming, the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is directly added to the particle matrix for mixing under normal pressure.

[0053] Comparative Example 3 The only difference from Example 2 is that in step S5, the phytase protection solution is not added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions, but rather under normal pressure conditions.

[0054] Comparative Example 4 The only difference from Example 2 is that sorbitol is not added.

[0055] Comparative Example 5 The only difference from Example 2 is that 14 parts of corn protein hydrolysate peptide powder were replaced with 14 parts of corn gluten powder.

[0056] Comparative Example 6 The only difference from Example 2 is that in step S4, the low-temperature drying process is not performed; instead, the particles processed in step S3 are directly processed in step S5.

[0057] Experiment 1: Determination of Phytase Activity Retention Rate and Phosphorus Release Efficiency Take 100g of the finished product from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, crush it, pass it through a 40-mesh sieve, seal it, and refrigerate it for later use. 1. Determination of phytase activity retention rate Prepare phytase standard solutions of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 U / mL. Add substrate phytate buffer according to GB / T18634-2009, incubate at 40℃ for 30 min, and measure absorbance at 540 nm after DNS color development. Plot the "absorbance-enzyme activity" standard curve.

[0058] Weigh 1.000g of sample, add 50mL of pH 5.5 acetate-sodium acetate buffer, extract by shaking at 37℃ for 30min, centrifuge at 8000rpm for 10min and collect the supernatant. Take 0.5mL of the extract and determine the absorbance according to the standard curve method. Substitute the absorbance into the curve to calculate the actual phytase activity in the sample.

[0059] 2. Phosphorus release rate determination Weigh 2.000g of sample and place it in a 50mL centrifuge tube. Add 20mL of artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0, containing 0.2% pepsin). Incubate at 37℃ for 2 hours, shaking manually once every 30 minutes. Adjust the pH of the digestion solution to 6.5 with 1 mol / L NaOH, add 20 mL of artificial intestinal fluid, and incubate at 37°C for 4 hours with shaking once every 60 minutes. After the incubation period, centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes and collect the supernatant. Soluble phosphorus: Take 5 mL of supernatant and measure the absorbance at 660 nm using the molybdenum blue colorimetric method. Calculate the content using the phosphorus standard curve.

[0060] Total phosphorus: Weigh 2.000g of sample, ashing it in a muffle furnace at 550℃ for 4h, dissolve it in hydrochloric acid and bring the volume to 50mL, and determine the total phosphorus content using the same method.

[0061] Experiment 2: Determination of the absorption efficiency of branched-chain amino acids and trace elements Weigh 5.000g of sample and place it in a 100mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add 50mL of simulated small intestinal digestion fluid and shake in a 38℃ constant temperature water bath for 6h. After the end of the process, centrifuge at 8000rpm for 20min, collect the supernatant, and filter it through a 0.45μm filter membrane for later use.

[0062] Prepare a mixed standard solution with leucine / isoleucine / valine at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg / mL, respectively. After derivatization with OPA, determine the amino acid concentrations by HPLC and plot the standard curves for each amino acid.

[0063] Take 2 mL of simulated absorption solution, derivatize it, and determine the soluble content of leucine, isoleucine, and valine by HPLC; take another 5.000 g sample, hydrolyze it with acid, and determine the total BCAAs content.

[0064] Trace element absorption efficiency determination Plotting the standard curve: The Zn / Mn / Fe / Cu standard stock solution was diluted to prepare mixed standard solutions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 μg / mL. The absorbance of each element was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and a standard curve was plotted.

[0065] Take 10 mL of simulated absorption solution, add 5 mL of nitric acid-perchloric acid (4:1) mixed acid, microwave digest, and then bring the volume to 25 mL. Determine the soluble content of Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu. Take another 5.000 g sample, ashing, acid digest, and bring the volume to 25 mL. Determine the total trace element content (M total, μg / g).

[0066] Table 1: Experimental data on phytase activity retention rate and phosphorus release efficiency.

[0067] Table 2: Experimental data on the absorption efficiency of branched-chain amino acids and trace elements

[0068] Based on Examples 1-3 and the comparative examples, and referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the synergistic effect of the phytase protection system and the preparation process affects the phytase activity retention and phosphorus release efficiency of the product. This application uses a protective solution system of trehalose, maltodextrin, and sorbitol to prepare phytase, combined with a preparation process of "low-temperature drying + vacuum impregnation". In step S4, the low-temperature drying at 35-40℃ avoids the destruction of phytase by residual high temperature of the granules. In step S5, the phytase protection solution is added under vacuum to make the protective components uniformly coat the enzyme molecules. Sorbitol, trehalose, and maltodextrin form a synergistic protection mechanism to inhibit the denaturation and inactivation of phytase during high-temperature granulation and subsequent drying. The intact phytase can efficiently decompose phytate phosphorus in the feed and improve phosphorus release efficiency. Comparative Example 3 did not use vacuum impregnation of phytase protection solution, Comparative Example 4 did not add sorbitol, and Comparative Example 6 omitted the low-temperature drying step. All of these destroyed the phytase protection system, resulting in a significant decrease in phytase activity retention rate, and thus reducing phosphorus release efficiency.

[0069] As can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples, and Table 2, the synergistic effect of the dual-coordination complex system, raw material selection, and preparation process affects the absorption efficiency of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and trace elements in the product. This application uses a dual-coordination complex scheme of citric acid and sodium pyrophosphate to treat trace elements, avoiding their competition with BCAAs for intestinal absorption sites. Combined with the small molecule peptide structure of corn protein hydrolysate, the absorption convenience of BCAAs is improved. The vacuum impregnation process in step S3 allows the dual-coordination trace element complex solution to penetrate deep into the particle, ensuring that the trace elements are evenly dispersed and do not antagonize with amino acids. The two work synergistically to achieve efficient absorption of BCAAs and trace elements. Comparative Example 1 did not add sodium pyrophosphate, so it could not form a dual-coordination complex structure, resulting in trace elements competing with BCAAs for absorption sites. Comparative Example 2 did not use the vacuum impregnation process, resulting in uneven distribution of the complex solution. Comparative Example 5 used corn protein powder instead of corn protein hydrolysate, and the large molecule protein structure affected the release and absorption of BCAAs, all of which significantly reduced the absorption efficiency of the two types of nutrients.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A supplementary feed for ducklings, characterized in that, The raw materials consist of the following parts by weight: 45-55 parts rice bran, 10-18 parts wheat bran, 10-18 parts corn protein hydrolysate, 0.6-1.2 parts zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.4-0.8 parts manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.8-1.6 parts ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05-0.15 parts copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.0-2.0 parts citric acid, 0.3-0.8 parts sodium pyrophosphate, 3-6 parts trehalose, 3-6 parts maltodextrin, 0.8-2.5 parts sorbitol, 0.2-1.2 parts betaine, 0.05-0.4 parts phytase preparation, and 0.2-0.6 parts silicon dioxide.

2. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings, characterized in that, The supplementary feed for feeding ducklings as described in claim 1 comprises the following steps: S1. Mix rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide and granulate to obtain a granular matrix; S2. Dissolve citric acid in water and add zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate in sequence to carry out complexation reaction. Then add sodium pyrophosphate and continue stirring to obtain a dual-coordinated trace element complex solution. S3. The particle matrix is ​​placed in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particle interior. S4. The particles processed in step S3 are subjected to low-temperature drying. S5. Dissolve trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol and phytase preparation in water to prepare phytase protective solution, and add the phytase protective solution to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. S6. The pellets processed in step S5 are dried to obtain supplementary feed for ducklings.

3. The method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, mixing and granulation include the following steps: Rice bran and wheat bran are pulverized separately to control the particle size of the raw materials to 0.3–1.0 mm; Add the pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, corn protein hydrolysate, trehalose, maltodextrin, betaine, and silicon dioxide to a mixer and mix for 5-10 minutes at a speed of 30-50 rpm. Water is added to the obtained mixture for conditioning, so that the moisture content of the material is 14-16%. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is 75-90℃ and the particle diameter is 1.2-2.0mm. The granulated particles are cooled to a temperature below 35°C to obtain the particle matrix.

4. The method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, citric acid is dissolved in water and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate are added sequentially to carry out a complexation reaction. Then, sodium pyrophosphate is added and stirring is continued to obtain a dual-coordinate trace element complex solution, including the following steps: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and add citric acid and stir until the citric acid is completely dissolved to form a citric acid solution; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate pentahydrate were added sequentially to the citric acid solution, and the mixture was stirred continuously to carry out a complexation reaction. Add sodium pyrophosphate to the resulting solution and continue stirring.

5. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the stirring speed during the complexation reaction is 400–600 rpm, the complexation reaction temperature is 25–40°C, and the complexation reaction time is 20–40 min.

6. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the particle matrix is ​​placed in a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum treatment, and the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particle matrix to allow the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particle interior. This includes the following steps: The particulate matrix is ​​added to a vacuum impregnation device, and a vacuum pump is started to perform a vacuuming process. The dual-coordinated trace element complex solution is added to the particulate matrix under vacuum conditions; Normal pressure is restored and the particles continue to roll, allowing the dual-coordinated trace element complex solution to penetrate into the particles.

7. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, during vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree is -0.07 to -0.09 MPa, the vacuuming time is 3 to 6 minutes, the amount of the dual-coordinated trace element complexing liquid added is 5 to 12% of the mass of the particle matrix, the particle rolling time after restoring normal pressure is 8 to 15 minutes, and the drum speed is 5 to 10 rpm.

8. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, when performing low-temperature drying, the drying temperature is 35–40°C and the drying time is 40–90 min.

9. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, trehalose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, and phytase preparation are dissolved in water to prepare a phytase protective solution. This phytase protective solution is then added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions. The process includes the following steps: Add trehalose, maltodextrin and sorbitol to deionized water and stir until completely dissolved; Add phytase preparation to the resulting solution and continue stirring; The phytase protection solution is added to the particles treated in step S4 under vacuum conditions.

10. A method for preparing supplementary feed for ducklings according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the drying temperature is 30-40℃, the drying time is 1-3 hours, and the particle size is 1.2-2.0 mm, resulting in supplementary feed for ducklings.

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