An automatically adaptable welding tool for a steel structure of a tower

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of steel structure automatic welding auxiliary equipment, in particular to an automatically adaptable iron tower steel structure welding tool, which comprises a base and a clamping mechanism arranged on the base, the inside of the base is provided with a cavity, and multiple through holes are arranged on the top of the base; a floating unit is arranged in the cavity of the base, the floating unit comprises a mounting plate and a lifting driving assembly; a support part capable of rolling is arranged on the mounting plate in one-to-one correspondence with the through holes; the clamping mechanism comprises multiple clamping units and a synchronous driving assembly; the low-friction environment is constructed through the floating unit, and the forced guidance of the clamping assembly is matched, so that the problems of large frictional resistance when the workpiece is automatically aligned and low robot welding efficiency caused by the deviation of the upstream group are solved; meanwhile, the mechanical follow-up control action of the linkage pressing assembly solves the problem of workpiece bottom plate warping deformation caused by welding thermal stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated welding auxiliary equipment for steel structures, specifically to a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt. Background Technology

[0002] The tower legs of steel towers (such as power transmission towers and communication towers) are typically welded together from a base plate and stiffening plates, and are key components that bear the load of the tower body. Because tower legs are usually made of thick steel plates, each piece is heavy and has an irregular structure. With the development of intelligent manufacturing, welding robots are gradually replacing manual labor in the mass welding of tower legs.

[0003] In existing technologies, welding clamping of tower legs typically involves using a crane or robotic arm to hoist the tower legs onto the base of a positioner or welding workbench, followed by clamping and securing the workpiece using screw clamps or pneumatic quick clamps. However, existing clamping methods suffer from significant hoisting and placement deviations in practical applications, leading to low robotic welding efficiency. Due to the substantial weight of the tower leg workpieces, loading is primarily done via hoisting. During hoisting and placement, limitations imposed by the swing of the hoisting equipment and the accuracy of manual visual inspection result in a significant random deviation between the actual position of the workpiece after placement and the theoretical center of the equipment (i.e., extremely poor initial position consistency). Since manual fine-tuning is difficult once the workpiece is in place, this positional deviation is retained throughout the welding process. This prevents the welding robot from directly using the preset teaching trajectory; it must perform a comprehensive visual scan or touch-based positioning of each placed workpiece to correct the weld coordinates, significantly increasing auxiliary time and severely restricting the automated production cycle. Furthermore, the weight of the tower leg base plate often reaches hundreds of kilograms, resulting in a large contact area between the base plate and the base platform, generating substantial sliding friction (and even static friction). Existing self-centering fixtures mostly employ rigid push-pull logic. When the fixture attempts to move these misaligned and heavy workpieces, it must overcome enormous static frictional resistance. This not only requires the drive system to be equipped with a high-power motor, resulting in energy waste; more seriously, this forced pushing can easily cause burrs on the bottom surface of the workpiece to scratch the precision worktable, or cause the fixture lead screw to jam or the motor to burn out due to instantaneous resistance exceeding the mechanical limit, resulting in an extremely high equipment failure rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, an automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures is provided. By constructing a low-friction environment using floating units and coordinating with the forced guidance of the clamping components, the problem of high frictional resistance during automatic workpiece alignment and low robot welding efficiency caused by upstream assembly deviations is solved. Simultaneously, the mechanical sequential control action of the linkage pressing components solves the problem of workpiece base plate warping and deformation caused by welding thermal stress.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures, comprising a base and a clamping mechanism mounted on the base. The base has an internal cavity and multiple through holes at its top. A floating unit is disposed within the cavity of the base, the floating unit comprising a mounting plate and a lifting drive assembly. The mounting plate is provided with rolling support members corresponding one-to-one with the through holes. The lifting drive assembly is configured to drive the mounting plate to move up and down, causing the support members of the mounting plate to extend out of the through holes to support the workpiece or retract into the through holes to make the workpiece fit against the base. The clamping mechanism includes multiple clamping mechanisms arranged around the base. The base includes a clamping unit on its periphery and a synchronous drive assembly that drives multiple clamping units to operate synchronously. The multiple clamping units are configured to feed synchronously toward the center of the base to self-center the workpiece. A guide assembly is provided at one end of each clamping unit near the center of the base, configured to cooperate with the extended state of the support member, converting the workpiece's positional deviation into adaptive movement on the support member. Each clamping unit integrates a pressing assembly, configured to trigger a vertically downward pressing action using continuous feed driving force after the clamping unit abuts against the workpiece and horizontal feed is obstructed, thereby pressing the workpiece against the top surface of the base.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping unit includes a connecting seat and a clamping seat, the connecting seat being drivenly connected to the synchronous drive assembly; the clamping seat is disposed in front of the connecting seat; an elastic buffer is disposed between the connecting seat and the clamping seat; the connecting seat and the clamping seat are slidably connected, and the elastic buffer is configured to provide a preload, so that the connecting seat and the clamping seat maintain the maximum relative distance in an unobstructed state.

[0007] Preferably, the pressing assembly includes a connecting rod and a pressure plate hinged to the top of the clamping seat. The pressure plate has a pressure head near the center of the base and a force arm away from the center of the base. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the connecting seat, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the force arm.

[0008] Preferably, the synchronous drive assembly includes lead screw modules corresponding to the number of clamping units, the drive end of the lead screw modules extending to the peripheral edge of the base; each lead screw module has a reversing gear set on its drive end; and a flexible transmission member surrounding the multiple reversing gear sets, the flexible transmission member being configured to be driven by a power source to drive all lead screw modules to rotate synchronously.

[0009] Preferably, the guide component is a flared guide groove disposed on the clamping unit near the center of the base: the flared guide groove includes a wide-angle inlet section on the outer side and a right-angle positioning section on the inner side; a rectangular clearance notch is provided at the root of the right-angle positioning section.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the flared guide groove is inlaid with a plurality of rotatable first universal rollers, configured to form rolling friction contact with the side of the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting plate is provided with support columns corresponding to the through holes one by one, and the support member is a second universal roller installed on the top of the support column.

[0012] Preferably, the lifting drive assembly includes a horizontal slide rail fixedly disposed on the inner bottom surface of the base and a drive frame slidably disposed on the horizontal slide rail and driven by a power source; the top of the drive frame is provided with a wedge-shaped drive surface, and the bottom of the mounting plate is provided with a wedge-shaped mating block that slides in cooperation with the wedge-shaped drive surface.

[0013] Preferably, there are two drive frames, which are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner at both ends of the horizontal slide rail. The two drive frames are configured to move synchronously in opposite directions to drive the mounting plate to rise and fall.

[0014] Preferably, the clamping unit is provided with a first sensor, which is configured to detect the relative displacement between the connecting seat and the clamping seat, and trigger the retraction action of the floating unit according to the detection signal.

[0015] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0016] 1. This invention constructs a forced self-centering system by using a synchronous drive component in conjunction with a guiding structure at the front end of the clamping unit. Regardless of the initial position or angle of the incoming workpiece on the base, the tooling can use geometric guidance to forcibly correct and position it to the theoretical geometric center of the equipment. This effect standardizes the originally discrete and non-standard workpiece coordinates, eliminating the need for complex and repetitive positioning scans by the welding robot. It can perform rapid operations simply by calling a preset welding trajectory, achieving an efficiency leap from manual assistance to blind welding-level automation.

[0017] 2. This invention integrates a pressing component into the clamping unit, constructing a purely mechanically-driven sequential action logic. Utilizing the physical phenomenon of horizontal feed obstruction as a trigger signal, when the connecting seat experiences relative displacement due to obstruction, the continuous horizontal driving force is converted into a large, vertically downward rigid clamping force via a linkage lever mechanism. This setup ensures that the workpiece is only clamped after it has been horizontally aligned and is in contact with the base. This high-strength rigid constraint persists throughout the entire welding process, effectively resisting and balancing welding thermal stress, physically preventing warping and deformation of the base, ensuring the flatness of the finished base plate, and eliminating the need for additional complex hydraulic pump stations and piping systems, thus reducing equipment costs and maintenance difficulty.

[0018] 3. This invention creates a low-friction floating environment by suspending the workpiece before alignment using a floating unit. This allows the clamping unit to easily push a workpiece weighing several tons for correction with minimal rolling friction, significantly reducing the power requirements of the drive system and eliminating sliding wear between the workpiece and the base at its source. Furthermore, the clamping unit, through the separation and elastic buffer between the connecting seat and the clamping seat, establishes a relative displacement range within the mechanical structure. This not only provides the physical stroke for the pressing action but also utilizes the energy storage characteristics of the elastic buffer to apply a constant flexible clamping force to the workpiece, effectively compensating for minor dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction during welding, preventing the fixture from jamming due to overstress or motor overload. Combined with sensor status monitoring, a seamless automated switch from floating alignment to rigid seating is achieved, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the process flow. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a welding fixture for steel towers that can automatically adapt to the operation of a welding robot.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt to the operation of a welding robot.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a top view of a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the base in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting drive assembly and clamping mechanism in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a floating unit in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a local three-dimensional structure of a clamping unit in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt. Figure 1 .

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a local three-dimensional structure of a clamping unit in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt. Figure 2 .

[0030] Figure 12 It is a top view of the workpiece and guide components in a welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt.

[0031] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Base; 11. Through hole; 12. Floating unit; 121. Mounting plate; 1211. Support component; 12111. Second universal roller; 1212. Support column; 122. Lifting drive assembly; 1221. Horizontal slide rail; 1222. Drive frame; 1223. Mating block; 2. Clamping mechanism; 21. Clamping unit; 211. Guide assembly; 2111. Flared guide groove; 21111. Wide-angle inlet section; 21112, Right-angle positioning section; 21113, Avoidance notch; 21114, First universal roller; 212, Pressing assembly; 2121, Connecting rod; 2122, Pressure plate; 21221, Pressure head; 21222, Force arm; 213, Connecting seat; 214, Clamping seat; 215, Elastic buffer; 22, Synchronous drive assembly; 221, Lead screw module; 222, Reversing gear set; 223, Flexible transmission component; 3, Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 5 to 9As shown: A welding fixture for steel tower structures that can automatically adapt includes a base 1 and a clamping mechanism 2 disposed on the base 1. The base 1 has an internal cavity, and multiple through holes 11 are opened on the top of the base 1. A floating unit 12 is disposed in the cavity of the base 1. The floating unit 12 includes a mounting plate 121 and a lifting drive assembly 122. The mounting plate 121 is provided with a rolling support member 1211 corresponding to each through hole 11. The lifting drive assembly 122 is configured to drive the mounting plate 121 to perform lifting and lowering movements, so that the support member 1211 of the mounting plate 121 extends out of the through hole 11 to support the workpiece 3 or retracts into the through hole 11 to make the workpiece 3 fit against the base 1. The clamping mechanism 2 includes multiple clamping mechanisms arranged around the base 1. The base 1 has clamping units 21 on its periphery and a synchronous drive assembly 22 that drives multiple clamping units 21 to operate synchronously. The multiple clamping units 21 are configured to feed synchronously toward the center of the base 1 to self-center the workpiece 3. A guide assembly 211 is provided at one end of the clamping unit 21 near the center of the base 1. It is configured to cooperate with the extended state of the support member 1211 to convert the positional deviation of the workpiece 3 into adaptive movement on the support member 1211. Each clamping unit 21 integrates a pressing assembly 212, which is configured to trigger a vertically downward pressing action by using a continuous feed driving force after the clamping unit 21 abuts against the workpiece 3 and the horizontal feed is blocked, thereby pressing the workpiece 3 against the top surface of the base 1.

[0034] The working logic of this fixture is based on the switching between floating alignment and rigid clamping states. In the initial state, the lifting drive assembly 122 in the cavity of the base 1 is activated, driving the mounting plate 121 to move upward, so that the rolling support member 1211 on the mounting plate 121 can extend out of the through hole 11. At this time, the workpiece 3, i.e., the tower foot in the steel structure of the iron tower, is placed on the base 1. The workpiece 3 is lifted by the support member 1211 and is in a floating supported state suspended above the top surface of the base 1. Subsequently, the synchronous drive assembly 22 is activated, driving multiple clamping units 21 surrounding the base 1 to synchronously feed towards the center. Since the workpiece 3 is lifted by the support member 1211 at this time, the frictional resistance between the workpiece 3 and the base 1 is greatly reduced. When the guide structure at the front end of the clamping unit 21 contacts the workpiece 3, the geometry of the guide structure, combined with the low friction characteristics of the support member 1211, converts the deviation of the position or angle of the workpiece 3 into adaptive translation or rotation of the workpiece 3 on the support member 1211 until the center of the workpiece 3 coincides with the center of the fixture. After workpiece 3 is aligned and positioned by clamping unit 21, lifting drive assembly 122 drives mounting plate 121 to descend, and support member 1211 retracts into through hole 11. Workpiece 3 loses support, sits down, and adheres to the top surface of base 1. At this time, clamping unit 21 continues to apply feed force. When horizontal feed is obstructed, pressing assembly 212 is triggered by continuous driving force, converting the force originally used for horizontal feed into a vertically downward clamping force, pressing workpiece 3 firmly onto base 1.

[0035] Since the tower legs are mostly irregular steel structures, existing processes often rely on manual pre-spot welding for fixation, resulting in poor positional consistency of workpiece 3 when it is transferred to the welding station. Traditional robotic welding requires a comprehensive visual scan of each workpiece 3 to locate the weld seam, which severely slows down the production cycle.

[0036] A forced self-centering system is constructed by using the synchronous drive component 22 in conjunction with the guide structure at the front end of the clamping unit 21. Regardless of the initial position or angle of the incoming workpiece 3 on the base 1, the tooling can forcibly correct and position it to the theoretical geometric center of the equipment. This effect standardizes the originally discrete and non-standard coordinates of the workpiece 3, eliminating the need for the welding robot to perform complex and repetitive positioning scans. It can simply call the preset welding trajectory for rapid operation, achieving an efficiency leap from manual assistance to blind welding-level automation. At the same time, addressing the problem that the huge thermal shrinkage stress generated by local high temperatures during the welding of thick steel plates can easily cause the edge of the workpiece 3's base plate to warp or the entire plate to arch, the pressing component 212 uses the physical phenomenon of horizontal feed obstruction as a trigger signal to convert the continuous horizontal driving force into a vertically downward rigid clamping force. This ensures that the workpiece 3 is only clamped after it has completed horizontal alignment and is in contact with the base 1. This high-strength rigid constraint runs through the entire welding process, effectively resisting and balancing welding thermal stress, physically preventing warping and deformation of the base, and ensuring high-precision delivery of the finished product. By cooperating with the floating unit 12 and the clamping assembly, the workpiece 3 is lifted and suspended by the support member 1211 before the alignment action occurs. This allows the clamping unit 21 to easily push and rotate the workpiece 3, which weighs several tons, using the guide structure, by overcoming only minimal rolling friction. This significantly reduces the power requirements of the drive system and eliminates sliding wear between the workpiece 3 and the base 1 at its source, extending the service life of the tooling.

[0037] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown: The clamping unit 21 includes a connecting seat 213 and a clamping seat 214. The connecting seat 213 is connected to the synchronous drive assembly 22. The clamping seat 214 is located in front of the connecting seat 213. An elastic buffer 215 is provided between the connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214. The connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214 are slidably connected, and the elastic buffer 215 is configured to provide a preload, so that the connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214 maintain the maximum relative distance in an unobstructed state.

[0038] In existing technologies, once a rigidly connected clamp contacts the workpiece 3, continued driving can easily lead to motor overload or damage to the workpiece 3, and it is impossible to determine whether it is in position. In this embodiment, the connecting seat 213 acts as the active driving end, and the clamping seat 214 acts as the driven end. During the alignment and movement phase, since the frictional resistance of the workpiece 3 supported by the floating unit 12 is less than the preload of the elastic buffer 215, the two remain relatively stationary, pushing the workpiece 3 like a rigid whole. When the workpiece 3 is surrounded and centered by the clamping units 21 (i.e., obstructed), the clamping seat 214 stops moving, while the connecting seat 213 continues to move forward under the drive of the lead screw, starting to compress the elastic buffer 215. In this way, a relative displacement range is set inside the mechanical structure. It not only provides the necessary physical stroke for the subsequent pressing action, but also utilizes the energy storage characteristics of the elastic buffer 215 to apply a constant flexible clamping force to the workpiece 3 throughout the welding process, effectively compensating for the slight dimensional changes of the workpiece 3 caused by the thermal expansion and contraction during welding, and preventing the clamp from loosening or jamming due to overstress.

[0039] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown: The pressing assembly 212 includes a connecting rod 2121 and a pressure plate 2122 hinged to the top of the clamping seat 214. The pressure plate 2122 has a pressing head 21221 near the center of the base 1 and a force arm 21222 away from the center of the base 1. One end of the connecting rod 2121 is hinged to the connecting seat 213, and the other end of the connecting rod 2121 is hinged to the force arm 21222.

[0040] To address the issue of warping at the base edge due to significant thermal shrinkage stress generated during the welding process of the tower legs caused by the large thickness of the base plate and high heat input, the following method is used: When the connecting seat 213 moves closer to the clamping seat 214 due to feed obstruction, the connecting rod 2121, hinged between the connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214, is forced to rise forward. Since the pressure plate 2122 is hinged to the clamping seat 214, the connecting rod 2121 pushes the force arm 21222 at the rear end of the pressure plate 2122 upward. According to the lever principle, the lifting of the force arm 21222 inevitably causes the pressure head 21221 at the front end to rotate downward, thereby applying vertical pressure to the base plate of the workpiece 3 located in front of the clamping seat 214. This method ensures that the workpiece 3 must be aligned before triggering the subsequent vertical clamping. This enormous rigid downward pressure persists throughout the entire welding process, forcibly overcoming welding thermal stress and physically eliminating the problem of post-weld warping and deformation of the base plate, ensuring the flatness of the finished base plate, and eliminating the need for additional complex hydraulic pump stations and pipeline systems.

[0041] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12As shown: The synchronous drive assembly 22 includes lead screw modules 221 corresponding to the number of clamping units 21, the drive end of the lead screw module 221 extending to the peripheral edge of the base 1; each lead screw module 221 is provided with a reversing gear set 222 on its drive end; and a flexible transmission member 223 is arranged around the multiple reversing gear sets 222, the flexible transmission member 223 being configured to be driven by a power source to drive all lead screw modules 221 to rotate synchronously.

[0042] The reversing gear set 222 is preferably a bevel gearbox. The flexible transmission component 223 is preferably an annular chain or a synchronous belt. This flexible transmission component 223 couples all the reversing gear sets 222 in series and is driven by a rotary drive motor. The contradiction between the central space and multi-axis synchronization is resolved by the outer annular drive frame 1222. By driving the flexible transmission component 223 to rotate, the flexible transmission component 223 simultaneously drives the reversing gear sets 222 at the four corners to rotate, thereby driving the four radially arranged lead screw modules 221 to rotate synchronously, realizing the synchronous feeding of multiple clamping units 21. Through this hollow transmission layout, the center of the base 1 is completely released to the floating unit 12, allowing the equipment to integrate both heavy-duty floating and precision centering functions in a compact size. At the same time, the mechanical hard connection ensures that the feeding pace of the four clamping units 21 is absolutely consistent, avoiding the synchronization error that may occur when multiple motors drive independently, ensuring the centering accuracy of the workpiece 3, and allowing the welding robot to operate without repeated scanning.

[0043] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown: The guide component 211 is a flared guide groove 2111 disposed on the clamping unit 21 near the center of the base 1. The flared guide groove 2111 includes a wide-angle inlet section 21111 located on the outer side and a right-angle positioning section 21112 located on the inner side. A rectangular clearance notch 21113 is provided at the root of the right-angle positioning section 21112.

[0044] In this embodiment, the opening angle of the wide-angle inlet section 21111 of the flared guide groove 2111 is preferably 120°. The combination of the wide-angle inlet section 21111 and the right-angle positioning section 21112 enables blind clamping adaptation to non-standard incoming materials. When the clamping unit 21 advances, the outer wide-angle inlet section 21111 first contacts the skewed corner of the workpiece 3, forcing the workpiece 3 to rotate and correct its deviation; subsequently, the workpiece 3 slides into the inner right-angle positioning section 21112 to achieve final precise positioning. The rectangular clearance notch 21113 is specifically designed to accommodate the fillet weld between the support plate and the base plate of the tower foot. This method improves the equipment's fault tolerance rate, eliminating the need for manual pre-alignment of the workpiece 3. The rectangular clearance notch 21113 solves the industry problem of traditional right-angle clamps easily hitting the weld, leading to incomplete clamping or misalignment, ensuring that the clamp sidewall truly fits the reference side of the workpiece 3's base plate, guaranteeing centering accuracy.

[0045] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown: The inner wall of the flared guide groove 2111 is inlaid with a plurality of rotatable first universal rollers 21114, which are configured to form rolling friction contact with the side of the workpiece 3.

[0046] By embedding a first universal roller 21114 into the inner wall of the guide groove, lateral sliding friction is converted into rolling friction. At the moment of correction, there is a significant lateral compressive force between the workpiece 3 and the fixture. At this time, the first universal roller 21114 contacts the workpiece 3, using rolling friction instead of the hard sliding friction between metals. The intervention of the first universal roller 21114 makes the workpiece 3 slide extremely smoothly into the flared groove, avoiding jamming, self-locking, or crawling phenomena caused by burrs or surface roughness on the side of the workpiece 3. This significantly reduces the load on the drive motor and extends the service life of the fixture's guide surface. It should be noted that to avoid insufficient contact friction due to the point contact between the first universal roller 21114 and the workpiece 3, the first universal roller 21114 can be set as an elastic rolling mechanism on the flared guide groove 2111, thereby improving the clamping stability of the workpiece 3.

[0047] like Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 9 As shown: The mounting plate 121 is provided with support columns 1212 corresponding to the through holes 11 one by one, and the support member 1211 is a second universal roller 12111 installed on the top of the support column 1212.

[0048] By setting a second omnidirectional roller 12111 on the top of the support column 1212, an omnidirectional low-friction contact surface is constructed at the bottom of the workpiece 3. When the mounting plate 121 is raised, the second omnidirectional roller 12111 supports the workpiece 3. In conjunction with the thrust of the clamping unit 21, the second omnidirectional roller 12111 allows the heavy workpiece 3 to translate and rotate in any direction in the horizontal plane, significantly reducing the frictional resistance between the workpiece 3 and the base 1. It is a key actuator for achieving low-power drive heavy-load alignment. At the same time, the support column 1212 provides guidance for the mounting plate 121.

[0049] like Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 9 As shown: The lifting drive assembly 122 includes a horizontal slide rail 1221 fixedly disposed on the inner bottom surface of the base 1 and a drive frame 1222 slidably disposed on the horizontal slide rail 1221 and driven by a power source; the top of the drive frame 1222 is provided with a wedge-shaped drive surface, and the bottom of the mounting plate 121 is provided with a wedge-shaped mating block 1223 that slides with the wedge-shaped drive surface.

[0050] The wedge mechanism utilizes the principle of inclined plane force amplification to drive the mounting plate 121 to rise and fall. The power source pushes the drive frame 1222 to move horizontally, and the wedge-shaped drive surface lifts the wedge-shaped mating block 1223, thus converting the horizontal motion into the vertical lifting motion of the mounting plate 121. The power source is preferably achieved through a lead screw drive. Compared to a cylinder that directly lifts vertically, the wedge mechanism has a force amplification effect, enabling it to lift workpieces 3 weighing several tons with a relatively small horizontal thrust. Simultaneously, the cooperation between the wedge block and the slide rail provides excellent rigid support; even in the event of a gas or power outage, the self-locking tendency of the wedge mechanism prevents the workpiece 3 from accidentally falling, improving the safety of the equipment.

[0051] like Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 9 As shown: There are two drive frames 1222. The two drive frames 1222 are mirror-symmetrically arranged at both ends of the horizontal slide rail 1221. The two drive frames 1222 are configured to move synchronously in opposite directions to drive the mounting plate 121 to rise and fall.

[0052] Two symmetrically arranged drive frames 1222 move synchronously in opposite directions, simultaneously lifting or lowering the mounting plate 121 from both sides. This symmetrical arrangement balances the lateral forces during the lifting process, ensuring that the mounting plate 121 remains absolutely horizontal and evenly stressed during heavy-load lifting, avoiding guide column jamming or poor lifting due to uneven loading, and guaranteeing the stability and lifespan of the floating unit 12.

[0053] like Figures 3 to 8 , Figures 10 to 12As shown: The clamping unit 21 is equipped with a first sensor, which is configured to detect the relative displacement between the connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214, and trigger the retraction action of the floating unit 12 according to the detection signal.

[0054] The first sensor (not shown in the figure) is preferably a displacement sensor or a micro switch. Intelligent judgment of the workpiece 3's state is achieved by monitoring the relative displacement between the connecting seat 213 and the clamping seat 214. When the workpiece 3 is positioned by being surrounded on all four sides, and the connecting seat 213 continues to move forward, compressing the buffer and generating relative displacement, the first sensor is triggered. This signal is fed back to the back-end control system, which determines that horizontal alignment is complete and then controls the lifting drive assembly 122 to move, causing the mounting plate 121 to descend and the support member 1211 to retract. This signal serves as a precise trigger command, achieving a seamless and automated switch from floating alignment to rigid seating. This physical state-based feedback control is more reliable than simple time control, avoiding premature dropping of the workpiece 3 before alignment or errors such as the rollers remaining at the bottom after clamping, ensuring the continuity of the process flow.

[0055] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A welding fixture for steel structures of iron towers that can automatically adapt, comprising a base and a clamping mechanism disposed on the base, characterized in that, The base has an internal cavity, and the top of the base has multiple through holes; A floating unit is provided inside the cavity of the base, and the floating unit includes a mounting plate and a lifting drive assembly; The mounting plate is provided with a rolling support member that corresponds to each through hole; The lifting drive assembly is configured to drive the mounting plate to perform lifting movements, so that the support member of the mounting plate extends out of the through hole to support the workpiece or retracts into the through hole to make the workpiece fit against the base. The clamping mechanism includes multiple clamping units arranged around the periphery of the base and a synchronous drive component that drives the multiple clamping units to operate synchronously. Multiple clamping units are configured to feed synchronously toward the center of the base to perform self-centering clamping of the workpiece; A guide component is provided at one end of the clamping unit near the center of the base, configured to cooperate with the extended state of the support to convert the workpiece's pose deviation into adaptive movement on the support. Each of the clamping units is integrated with a pressing component, which is configured to trigger a vertically downward pressing action by using a continuous feed driving force after the clamping unit abuts against the workpiece and the horizontal feed is blocked, thereby pressing the workpiece that is attached to the top surface of the base.

2. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel structures of iron towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping unit includes a connecting seat and a clamping seat. The connecting seat is connected to the synchronous drive assembly. The clamping seat is located in front of the connecting seat. An elastic buffer is provided between the connecting seat and the clamping seat. The connecting seat and the clamping seat are slidably connected, and the elastic buffer is configured to provide a preload, so that the connecting seat and the clamping seat maintain the maximum relative distance in an unobstructed state.

3. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel structures of iron towers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressing assembly includes a connecting rod and a pressure plate hinged to the top of the clamping seat. The pressure plate has a pressure head near the center of the base and a force arm away from the center of the base. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the connecting seat, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the force arm.

4. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures according to claim 2, characterized in that, The synchronous drive assembly includes a lead screw module corresponding to the number of clamping units, and the drive end of the lead screw module extends to the peripheral edge of the base; each lead screw module is provided with a reversing gear set on its drive end; And a flexible transmission element surrounding multiple reversing gear sets, the flexible transmission element being configured to be driven by a power source to drive all lead screw modules to rotate synchronously.

5. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding component is a flared guide groove disposed on the clamping unit near the center of the base: the flared guide groove includes a wide-angle inlet section on the outer side and a right-angle positioning section on the inner side; a rectangular clearance notch is provided at the root of the right-angle positioning section.

6. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the flared guide groove is inlaid with a plurality of rotatable first universal rollers, configured to form rolling friction contact with the side of the workpiece.

7. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel structures of iron towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting plate is provided with support columns that correspond one-to-one with the through holes, and the support component is a second universal roller installed on the top of the support column.

8. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel structures of iron towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting drive assembly includes a horizontal slide rail fixedly mounted on the inner bottom surface of the base and a drive frame slidably mounted on the horizontal slide rail and driven by a power source; the top of the drive frame is provided with a wedge-shaped drive surface, and the bottom of the mounting plate is provided with a wedge-shaped mating block that slides in cooperation with the wedge-shaped drive surface.

9. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive frame is provided in two parts, which are mirror-symmetrically arranged at both ends of the horizontal slide rail. The two drive frames are configured to move synchronously in opposite directions to drive the mounting plate to rise and fall.

10. The automatically adaptable welding fixture for steel tower structures according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping unit is equipped with a first sensor, which is configured to detect the relative displacement between the connecting seat and the clamping seat, and trigger the retraction action of the floating unit according to the detection signal.

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