Industrial production method of coal-based hard carbon precursor

Abstract

The application discloses an industrial production method of a coal-based hard carbon precursor, adopts an external heating type carbonization and activation integrated converter, and gradually heats the formed coal-based raw material under the condition of air isolation, realizes the ordered pyrolysis of the coal-based raw material by regulating and controlling the temperature rising rate in the integrated converter, the large side chain of the macromolecular hydrocarbon in the raw material is first disconnected, and the ordered pyrolysis is continuously carried out as the temperature slowly rises, the small molecule volatile components generated by pyrolysis are directionally overflowed, the uniform micropore structure is formed in the internal hard carbon, and the effective pore suitable for the sodium battery is met; when the coal-based raw material is heated to above 650 DEG C, the carbon base occurs polycondensation reaction, part of components are coked to form the carbon structure, and the carbon base layer spacing is simultaneously regulated and controlled to the range suitable for the sodium battery; at this time, the coal-based raw material occurs a mild water gas reaction in the activation agent atmosphere, accurate pore opening and structure regulation are carried out on the basis of the original micropore, the carbon structure integrity is not damaged, and a core structure foundation is laid for subsequent preparation of the high-performance sodium coal-based hard carbon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an industrial production method for coal-based hard carbon precursors, belonging to the field of new material production technology. Background Technology

[0002] Sodium-ion batteries, with their advantages of high sodium abundance (approximately 2.36%) in the Earth's crust, wide distribution, low cost, and electrochemical characteristics similar to lithium-ion batteries, have become an important supplement to lithium-ion batteries in low-speed electric vehicles, large-scale energy storage, and other fields, showing great potential for industrial application. Hard carbon materials, due to their interlayer spacing adapting to sodium ion intercalation / deintercalation and excellent cycle stability, are currently the mainstream candidate materials for sodium-ion battery anodes. In particular, coal-based hard carbon, with coal as a precursor, is well-suited for large-scale energy storage needs due to its low cost, high carbon yield, and easy scalability of preparation processes. However, coal-based hard carbon is generally affected by the inherent aromatic structure of coal, resulting in bottlenecks such as low reversible specific capacity (mostly below 300 mAh / g), poor rate performance, and insufficient initial coulombic efficiency, severely restricting its application in high-performance sodium-ion batteries. In-depth research shows that the key to these problems lies in insufficient control of the nanopore structure, leading to obstructed sodium ion transport pathways and too many irreversible intercalation sites, making it difficult to achieve efficient and reversible sodium ion storage. By controlling the crystallite size, interlayer spacing, and pore distribution of hard carbon, it is possible to achieve the directional construction of closed-pore / ultra-microporous structures suitable for reversible sodium storage, thereby simultaneously improving the plateau capacity, first coulombic efficiency, and rate performance of coal-based hard carbon. Considering current industrialization needs and technological bottlenecks, the directional control of the microstructure of coal-based hard carbon is crucial for the future development of high-performance, low-cost sodium-ion battery anode materials.

[0003] However, the current industrial production process of coal-based hard carbon precursors for sodium batteries mainly involves preparing coal-based hard carbon precursors using low-temperature carbonization, followed by high-temperature carbonization to prepare coal-based hard carbon anode materials.

[0004] For example, patent CN202510063352.X discloses a method for preparing a coal-based hard carbon anode material. First, raw coal and graphene slurry are mixed and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, followed by low-temperature carbonization to obtain coal-based aerogel; then, macropore filling and micropore filling are performed sequentially; finally, high-temperature carbonization is performed to obtain the coal-based hard carbon anode material.

[0005] In addition, there are other processes such as one-step carbonization, activation, and hydrothermal methods. One-step carbonization typically uses thermochemical methods to thermally decompose biomass carbon under high-temperature, oxygen-deficient conditions, and is a simple method for preparing hard carbon materials. Activation methods involve mixing biomass precursors with chemical reagents in a certain proportion and reacting them at high temperatures to obtain biomass-derived carbon materials with porous structures and elemental doping. Hydrothermal methods involve mixing solvents and biomass precursors in a sealed pressure vessel and preparing hard carbon through a high-temperature reaction. There is also a template method to obtain carbon materials with different structural types, such as carbon nanosheets, layered porous carbon blocks, and hard carbon microspheres.

[0006] The above methods have significant drawbacks in terms of production efficiency, product consistency, economic cost, and equipment investment, and are no longer suitable for the large-scale, high-quality control production requirements of the sodium-ion battery industry. The core drawbacks are: The core performance of the products is inconsistent, with batch-to-batch deviations of indicators such as pore volume and pore size distribution exceeding 20%, resulting in inconsistent performance of subsequent sodium-electric hard carbon and a low sorting pass rate. The process cannot coordinate and control the carbonization and activation parameters, which can easily lead to excessive or insufficient pore enlargement. Furthermore, the transfer and storage of carbonized materials can easily result in uneven moisture content and particle size. The production process is complicated, the equipment investment is large, the heat utilization rate is low, the overall production cost is high, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale expansion. The process makes it difficult to directionally control the formation of amorphous carbon, resulting in a low content of amorphous carbon in the finished product. This fails to fundamentally solve the problems of poor sodium ion transport and excessive irreversible insertion sites.

[0007] In summary, existing production processes have become a key factor restricting the large-scale, high-quality, and low-cost production of coal-based hard carbon precursors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a production process that fundamentally solves the industry pain points of long production time, poor consistency, high cost, and large investment, which is of great significance for promoting the industrialization of sodium-ion battery anode materials. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an industrial production method for coal-based hard carbon precursors. Through an integrated external heating carbonization and activation process, the entire process of pyrolysis, carbonization and mild activation of coal-based raw materials is precisely controlled, and the process parameters of carbonization and activation are synergistically regulated to promote the formation of amorphous carbon and increase its content. This produces a coal-based hard carbon precursor with low graphitization and uniform microporous structure, solving the problems of poor product consistency, low production efficiency, high cost, large investment and insufficient quantity of amorphous carbon in traditional processes. This lays the core structural foundation for coal-based hard carbon for high-performance sodium batteries.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An industrial production method for coal-based hard carbon precursors employs an externally heated integrated carbonization and activation converter. The formed coal-based raw material is fed into the converter from the feed end. Under air-isolated conditions, the coal-based raw material is gradually heated. By controlling the heating rate within the converter, orderly pyrolysis of the coal-based raw material is achieved. Larger side chains of macromolecular hydrocarbons in the raw material break down first, and then continue orderly pyrolysis as the temperature slowly rises. The small volatile molecules generated during pyrolysis escape directionally, forming a uniform microporous structure within the carbon precursor, meeting the effective pore size requirements for sodium-ion batteries. When the coal-based raw material is heated to above 650℃, the carbon-based material undergoes a condensation reaction, and some components coke to form a carbon structure. At the same time, the spacing between the carbon layers is adjusted to the range suitable for sodium batteries. At this time, under the atmosphere of the activator, the coal-based raw material undergoes a mild water-gas reaction, which precisely expands the pores and controls the structure based on the original micropores without destroying the integrity of the carbon structure. Throughout the process, the mild activation reaction maintains the regular carbon structure, low graphitization characteristics and suitable interlayer spacing formed in the carbonization stage, laying the core structural foundation for the subsequent preparation of high-performance sodium battery coal-based hard carbon.

[0010] The performance indicators of the coal-based hard carbon precursor produced by the industrial production method meet the following requirements: carbon matrix spacing > 0.37 nm, batch-to-batch deviation of core indicators such as pore volume, pore size distribution, and graphitization degree controlled within 5%, and low graphitization degree with uniform microporous structure.

[0011] After being formed, the coal-based raw material enters the feed hopper through the feed inlet. The feed hopper is then fed into the material channel of the furnace body by the spiral feeder plate. Relying on the slope and rotation of the furnace body, the raw material moves at a constant speed from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet. The speed at which the coal-based raw material moves at a constant speed in the material channel is 20-200 mm / min.

[0012] The coal-based raw material undergoes five temperature-controlled processes sequentially within the material channel. The entire process employs indirect external heating, isolating the raw material from air and preventing contact with flames or hot exhaust gases. Each stage is controlled according to the structural requirements of the sodium-electric coal-based hard carbon precursor. The five temperature-controlled processes are as follows: 1. Pre-drying stage: Remove free water from the raw material to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from damaging the subsequent formation of pore structure; 2. Pyrolysis stage: The side chains of macromolecules in the raw materials are broken in an orderly manner, laying the foundation for the subsequent formation of microporous structures; 3. Pyrolysis and carbonization stage: The raw materials achieve deep and orderly pyrolysis, and small molecule volatiles are directionally released to form an initial microporous structure that is compatible with sodium electricity. The carbon structure is initially formed, and the spacing of the carbon base layer is regulated at the same time. 4. Medium-temperature carbonization stage: The carbon-based material is further carbonized, the carbon structure gradually becomes denser, the microporous structure is initially stabilized, and the low graphitization characteristics are further solidified. 5. Activation section: A mild water-gas reaction occurs in the atmosphere of water vapor activator, precisely controlling the microporous structure and pore volume distribution, and optimizing the sodium ion transport channel; After the above-mentioned segmented carbonization and activation, the sodium-coal-based hard carbon precursor is discharged through the discharge hood, completing the integrated preparation.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the activation section is 600–1000°C.

[0014] When the coal-based raw material is heated and carbonized in the carbonization section of the integrated furnace material channel, the generated pyrolysis volatile gas and the introduced activator enter the activation section together. In the activation section, the activator, together with the water gas and pyrolysis volatile gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw material, are introduced from the discharge end of the material channel into the shell of the integrated converter and enter the combustion zone. They are fully combusted in the activation section air distribution, providing the main heat for the carbonization and activation of the raw material. The unburned flue gas enters the incinerator for full combustion, and the high-temperature waste gas after combustion is introduced into the waste heat boiler. The entire gas process requires no additional heat source, and the waste gas can easily meet the emission standards after full combustion, achieving a balance between energy saving and environmental protection in the production process.

[0015] Preferably, the waste heat boiler generates steam, part of which is used as an activator and the other part is used for the initial drying of coal-based raw materials, thereby realizing the recycling of waste heat.

[0016] The advantages of this invention over the prior art are as follows: 1. Significantly shortens production time and improves production efficiency. This process integrates carbonization and activation into a single externally heated furnace. The raw materials undergo continuous, segmented temperature-controlled heating to complete the entire carbonization and activation process, eliminating the cumbersome steps of cooling, transferring, storing, and reheating the carbonized material in traditional processes. The overall production cycle is shortened by more than 50% compared to traditional processes. Furthermore, the integrated furnace operates in a continuous feeding and discharging mode, allowing for controllable process rhythm and eliminating material blockages and waiting times. The equipment's unit-time capacity is increased by more than 40%, enabling large-scale continuous production. Simultaneously, the raw materials are continuously heated throughout the process, eliminating the problems of carbonaceous structure cooling shrinkage and micro-cracks during reheating, and eliminating the need for extended holding time, further improving production efficiency.

[0017] 2. Improve product core performance consistency and reduce quality control difficulty. The integrated furnace achieves precise and coordinated control of carbonization and activation process parameters. Raw materials move at a uniform speed within a closed material channel, maintaining a uniform temperature field throughout the process. There are no issues with feed fluctuations or uneven material moisture content / particle size. The degree of carbonization and activation pore-forming effect of materials within a single furnace and between batches are highly consistent. The initial microporous structure formed during the carbonization stage can be precisely controlled during the activation stage, ensuring that the batch-to-batch deviation of core indicators such as pore volume, pore size distribution, carbon substrate spacing, and graphitization degree of the precursor is controlled within 5%. The sodium storage capacity and rate performance of the subsequently produced sodium-ionized hard carbon are highly uniform, significantly improving the product sorting qualification rate and reducing production quality control difficulty.

[0018] 3. Significantly reduces overall production costs and enhances market competitiveness. The integrated furnace process involves continuous heating throughout, eliminating heat loss in intermediate stages. This results in a 30%–40% increase in heat utilization compared to traditional step-by-step processes, significantly reducing fuel and electricity consumption. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for auxiliary equipment such as transfer, cooling, and storage facilities, reducing electricity consumption, maintenance costs, and labor costs. The single-unit operation of core equipment also reduces the need for operating teams, lowering labor costs by over 30%. Improved product consistency leads to a significant reduction in defect rates and increased raw material utilization, further minimizing raw material loss. Overall, this process reduces the comprehensive cost of producing coal-based sodium-ionized hard carbon precursors by over 40% compared to traditional step-by-step processes, significantly enhancing the market competitiveness of subsequent sodium-ionized hard carbon products.

[0019] 4. Lower initial investment threshold and reduce infrastructure and supporting costs. This process requires only one externally heated carbonization and activation integrated furnace as the core equipment, eliminating the need for the activation furnace and a series of auxiliary systems such as carbonization material cooling, conveying, and storage required in traditional step-by-step processes. The number of core equipment and auxiliary facilities is reduced by more than 60%, and the initial fixed asset investment is reduced by 50% to 60% compared to traditional processes. At the same time, the footprint of a single core equipment unit is significantly reduced, and plant infrastructure investment is reduced by more than 40%. Furthermore, the integrated furnace only requires one set of water, electricity, and gas utility interfaces, reducing both the construction investment in utilities and subsequent operating costs. Overall, the investment threshold for the project is significantly lowered, which is conducive to the large-scale expansion of industry capacity.

[0020] 5. Excellent product performance, precisely adapted to the requirements of sodium-ion batteries. The microporous structure formed during the carbonization stage is an effective pore structure specific to sodium-ion batteries. The pores are uniformly distributed from the inside out. Even if the surface is slightly worn during subsequent processing, it will not affect the function of sodium storage sites and sodium ion transport channels. The regular carbon structure formed by the ordered pyrolysis and condensation reaction ensures the structural stability of the sodium-ion battery hard carbon during cyclic charging and discharging. The uniform and controllable carbonization activation ensures that the precursor maintains a low degree of graphitization, an appropriate carbon base spacing, and abundant active sites on the carbon-based surface. The resulting sodium-ion battery hard carbon has high sodium storage capacity and excellent rate performance. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Example

[0022] An industrial production method for coal-based hard carbon precursors employs a single-cylinder externally heated integrated carbonization and activation converter.

[0023] Raw material: Lignite, crushed and screened to 1mm-5mm; After being formed, the coal-based raw material is fed into the feeding hopper of the externally heated carbonization and activation integrated furnace through the feed inlet. The material is fed into the material channel of the furnace body by the spiral feeder of the feeding hopper. Relying on the slope and rotation of the furnace body, the raw material moves at a uniform speed from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet. The running speed of the coal-based raw material in the material channel is 100 mm / min. The coal-based raw material undergoes five temperature-controlled processes sequentially within the material channel under air-isolated conditions. The entire process utilizes external indirect heating, isolating the material from air and preventing contact with flames or hot exhaust gases. Each stage is regulated to meet the structural requirements of the sodium-ionized coal-based hard carbon precursor. The five temperature-controlled processes are as follows: 1. Pre-drying stage: Remove free water from the raw material to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from damaging the subsequent formation of pore structure; 2. Pyrolysis stage: The side chains of macromolecules in the raw materials are broken in an orderly manner, laying the foundation for the subsequent formation of microporous structures; 3. Pyrolysis and carbonization stage: The raw materials achieve deep and orderly pyrolysis, and small molecule volatiles are directionally released to form an initial microporous structure that is compatible with sodium electricity. The carbon structure is initially formed, and the spacing of the carbon base layer is regulated at the same time. 4. Medium-temperature carbonization stage: The carbon-based material is further carbonized, the carbon structure gradually becomes denser, the microporous structure is initially stabilized, and the low graphitization characteristics are further solidified. 5. Activation section: The temperature of the activation section is controlled at 850-880℃. A mild water-gas reaction occurs in the atmosphere of water vapor activator, which precisely controls the microporous structure and pore volume distribution and optimizes the sodium ion transport channel. After the above-mentioned segmented carbonization and activation, the sodium-coal-based hard carbon precursor is discharged through the discharge hood, completing the integrated preparation.

[0024] When the coal-based raw material is heated and carbonized in the carbonization section of the integrated furnace material channel, the generated pyrolysis volatiles gas and the introduced activator enter the activation section together. In the activation section, the activator, together with the water gas and pyrolysis volatiles gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw material, are introduced from the discharge end of the material channel into the shell of the integrated converter and enter the combustion zone to be fully burned in the activation section air distribution, providing the main heat for the carbonization and activation of the raw material. The unburned flue gas enters the incinerator for full combustion, and the high-temperature waste gas after combustion is introduced into the waste heat boiler. The entire gas process does not require additional heat source supplementation, and the waste gas can easily meet the emission standards after full combustion, achieving the unity of energy saving and environmental protection in the production process. The waste heat boiler generates steam, part of which is used as an activator and the other part is used for the initial drying of the coal-based raw material, realizing the recycling of waste heat.

[0025] By controlling the heating rate in the integrated furnace, the coal-based raw materials undergo orderly pyrolysis. The larger side chains of macromolecular hydrocarbons in the raw materials break first, and the orderly pyrolysis continues as the temperature slowly rises. The small volatile molecules generated by pyrolysis escape in a directional manner, forming a uniform microporous structure inside the base carbon, which meets the effective porosity requirements for sodium batteries. When the coal-based raw materials are heated to above 650℃, the carbon-based material undergoes a condensation reaction, and some components coke to form a carbon structure. At the same time, the interlayer spacing of the carbon layers is controlled to the range suitable for sodium batteries. At this time, under the atmosphere of the activator, the coal-based raw materials undergo a mild water-gas reaction, which precisely expands the pores and controls the structure based on the original micropores without destroying the integrity of the carbon structure. Throughout the process, the mild activation reaction maintains the regular carbon structure, low graphitization characteristics and suitable interlayer spacing formed in the carbonization stage, laying the core structural foundation for the subsequent preparation of high-performance sodium battery coal-based hard carbon.

[0026] The obtained coal-based hard carbon precursor product has a low degree of graphitization and a uniform microporous structure, and the batch-to-batch deviation is controlled within 5%, which fully meets the core performance requirements of high-performance sodium-electric coal-based hard carbon precursor. Example

[0027] An industrial production method for coal-based hard carbon precursors employs a multi-tube external heating carbonization and activation integrated converter, wherein the multi-tube refers to multiple tube material channels.

[0028] Raw materials: Select weakly caking coal, crushed and shaped into 4mm particles; the raw materials move at a uniform speed from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet, with a running speed of 50mm / min in the material channel; the shaped coal-based raw materials are gradually heated under air-isolated conditions, and the orderly pyrolysis of the coal-based raw materials is achieved by controlling the heating rate in the integrated furnace. The larger side chains of the large molecular hydrocarbons in the raw materials break first, and continue to be orderly pyrolyzed as the temperature slowly rises. The small molecular volatiles generated by pyrolysis are directionally released, forming a uniform microporous structure inside the base carbon, which meets the effective pore size requirements for sodium batteries; when the coal-based raw materials are heated to above 650℃, the volatiles come into full contact with the material, and the heteroatoms (O, N) in the volatiles are embedded in the carbon skeleton of the carbon matrix, forming a heteroatom-doped carbon structure. This process hinders the directional arrangement and growth of carbon microcrystals, preventing the coal-based raw materials from forming a highly ordered graphitized structure during the pyrolysis stage, thereby preserving and strengthening the amorphous characteristics of the carbon matrix, so that the final amorphous carbon structure has the characteristics of high defects, multiple pores, and irregularity. Based on this, the activation section temperature is 880–900℃; the furnace atmosphere is switched to an activator atmosphere, where the coal-based raw materials and steam undergo a mild water-gas reaction. Precise pore expansion and carbon structure control are carried out on the existing uniform micropores and rich amorphous carbon structure. This process only optimizes and expands the pore structure without destroying the integrity of the carbon structure. The resulting coal-based hard carbon precursor lays the core structural foundation for the subsequent preparation of high-performance coal-based hard carbon for sodium batteries. The final coal-based hard carbon precursor product has a low degree of graphitization, a uniform microporous structure, and a carbon matrix spacing >0.37nm, which is suitable for the sodium ion intercalation / deintercalation requirements of sodium batteries. Furthermore, the batch-to-batch deviation is controlled within 5%, fully meeting the core performance requirements of high-performance sodium battery coal-based hard carbon precursors.

[0029] The above embodiments are merely explanations and illustrations of the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention. All simple modifications based on this solution are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An industrial production method for a coal-based hard carbon precursor, characterized in that: An externally heated carbonization and activation integrated converter is used. The formed coal-based raw materials are fed into the externally heated carbonization and activation integrated converter. The coal-based raw materials are gradually heated under the condition of being isolated from air. By controlling the heating rate in the integrated converter, the coal-based raw materials are pyrolyzed, carbonized and activated in an orderly manner to form coal-based hard carbon precursors.

2. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formed coal-based raw material enters the feeding hopper of the externally heated carbonization and activation integrated furnace through the feeding port. It is then fed into the material channel of the furnace body by the spiral feeder plate of the feeding hopper and moves at a uniform speed from the feeding port to the discharge port.

3. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal-based raw material moves at a constant speed of 20–200 mm / min in the material channel.

4. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal-based raw material undergoes five temperature-controlled processes sequentially within the material channel. The entire process employs indirect external heating, isolating the raw material from air and preventing contact with flames or hot exhaust gases. Each stage is regulated to meet the structural requirements of the sodium-electric coal-based hard carbon precursor. The five temperature-controlled processes are as follows:

1. Pre-drying stage: Removing free water from the raw material to prevent rapid evaporation from damaging the subsequent pore structure formation; 2. Pyrolysis stage: Orderly breaking of macromolecular side chains in the raw material, laying the foundation for the subsequent microporous structure formation; 3. Pyrolysis and carbonization stage: Deep and orderly pyrolysis of the raw material, with directional overflow of small volatile molecules forming an initial sodium-electric compatible microporous structure, and the initial formation of the carbon structure, while simultaneously regulating the carbon substrate spacing. IV. Medium-temperature carbonization stage: The carbon-based material is further carbonized, the carbon structure gradually becomes denser, the microporous structure is initially stabilized, and the low graphitization characteristics are further solidified. V. Activation Section: A mild water-gas reaction occurs under the atmosphere of water vapor activator, precisely controlling the micropore structure and pore volume distribution, and optimizing the sodium ion transport channel; after the above-mentioned segmented carbonization and activation, the coal-based hard carbon precursor is discharged through the discharge hood, completing the integrated preparation.

5. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The performance indicators of the coal-based hard carbon precursor meet the following requirements: carbon matrix spacing > 0.37 nm, batch-to-batch deviation of core indicators such as pore volume, pore size distribution, and graphitization degree controlled within 5%, and low graphitization degree with uniform microporous structure.

6. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature of the activation section is 600–1000℃.

7. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the coal-based raw material is heated and carbonized in the carbonization section of the integrated furnace material channel, the generated pyrolysis volatile gas and the introduced activator enter the activation section together. In the activation section, the activator and the water gas and pyrolysis volatile gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw material are introduced from the discharge end of the material channel into the shell of the integrated converter and enter the combustion zone to be fully burned in the activation section air distribution, providing the main heat for the carbonization and activation of the raw material. The unburned flue gas enters the incinerator for full combustion, and the high-temperature exhaust gas after combustion is introduced into the waste heat boiler.

8. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The waste heat boiler generates steam, part of which is used as an activator and the other part is used for the initial drying of coal-based raw materials.

9. The industrial production method of the coal-based hard carbon precursor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The externally heated carbonization and activation integrated converter is either a single-tube or multi-tube type.