A ceramic fracturing proppant and a method of making the same

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas fracturing proppant processing, and particularly relates to a ceramic fracturing proppant and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of low-grade bauxite, 6-12 parts of aluminum ash, 2-5 parts of dolomite, 5-10 parts of FCC waste catalyst and 2-5 parts of Tm2O3; wherein the mass ratio of the FCC waste catalyst to the dolomite is less than or equal to 3. The application uses low-grade bauxite as the main raw material, adds a certain amount of aluminum ash and dolomite, and meanwhile, the FCC waste catalyst and the rare earth oxide Tm2O3 can play a complementary role, which is conducive to reducing the sintering temperature, and through the mutual cooperation between the raw materials, the low-grade bauxite and the solid waste such as the FCC waste catalyst can be effectively utilized, the double solid waste utilization is realized, the storage risk of the solid waste is reduced, and the ceramic fracturing proppant with high compressive strength and good stability is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas fracturing proppant processing technology, specifically relating to a ceramic fracturing proppant and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Bauxite is the main raw material for industrial aluminum smelting and the foundation for the preparation of aluminum materials. Aluminum materials are one of the important materials supporting construction, and their applications include: consumer goods, construction, aerospace, automobiles, power, communications, and military. With the rapid development of industry and the continuous improvement of technology, the application scope of aluminum materials is constantly expanding, and the consumption is increasing daily. High-grade bauxite is the main raw material for aluminum smelting, but it only accounts for 20% of bauxite resources. In the mining of high-grade bauxite, there are phenomena such as mining the rich and abandoning the poor, and predatory mining, with a large amount of low-grade bauxite left idle at the mining site, causing serious damage to bauxite resources and a sharp decline in bauxite grade. Low-grade bauxite is widely distributed, abundant in reserves, and inexpensive, but there are few effective ways to utilize it, and its products have low economic added value, so it urgently needs effective development.

[0003] Fracturing proppant is a key material in fracturing technology. Its main function is to support the fracture wall, prevent fracture closure, improve fracture conductivity, and enhance production. Ceramsite proppant is one of the most important fracturing proppant materials, widely used in the fracturing development of various complex oil and gas reservoirs due to its high strength, high sphericity, multiple particle size specifications, and good acid resistance. To ensure the compressive strength of the proppant, medium- and high-grade bauxite are often used as the main raw material. The high density of the proppant results in rapid settling in the fracturing fluid, which is not conducive to its placement in the distal fracture. Furthermore, the high cost of bauxite raw materials makes ceramsite proppant expensive, increasing the cost of fracturing operations.

[0004] Low-grade bauxite is abundant and inexpensive, with low alumina and high silica content, resulting in low density after sintering. It is an ideal raw material for preparing low-cost, low-density ceramsite proppant. Ceramsite proppant made from high-grade bauxite is primarily composed of high-strength corundum, giving it high compressive strength. However, after calcination, low-grade bauxite contains little or no corundum, making conventional techniques for preparing high-strength proppant from high-grade bauxite unsuitable for producing high-strength low-grade bauxite-based fracturing proppant. Therefore, developing a technology for preparing high-strength, low-density fracturing proppant from low-grade bauxite is of great significance. This technology not only allows for the effective utilization of low-grade bauxite but also significantly reduces fracturing costs and improves fracturing production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a ceramic fracturing proppant and its preparation method. This method uses low-grade bauxite as the main raw material, with the addition of certain amounts of aluminum ash and dolomite. Simultaneously, the complementary composition of FCC waste catalyst and rare earth oxide Tm2O3 helps to lower the sintering temperature. Through the synergistic effect of the raw materials, it effectively utilizes both low-grade bauxite and FCC waste catalyst, achieving dual solid waste utilization, reducing the risk of solid waste accumulation, and yielding a ceramic proppant with high compressive strength and good stability. This method features simple batching, low firing temperature, short firing time, low energy consumption during molding and firing, low production cost, and is environmentally friendly. The production process is simple and easy to control, and the product quality is stable.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 100-110 parts low-grade bauxite, 6-12 parts aluminum ash, 2-5 parts dolomite, 5-10 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 2-5 parts Tm2O3; wherein the mass ratio of FCC waste catalyst to dolomite is less than or equal to 3.

[0007] Ceramsite fracturing proppant based on low-grade bauxite has advantages such as high strength and low price. However, the process of preparing fracturing proppant solely from low-grade bauxite suffers from high sintering temperature and high density. To address this issue, this invention first adds a certain amount of dolomite as a sintering aid. Because dolomite is rich in alkaline earth metal carbonates, the carbon dioxide released during thermal decomposition creates pores inside the sample, leading to a decrease in density. Furthermore, its thermal decomposition products—alkaline earth metal compounds—help generate a liquid phase during sintering. The appearance of this liquid phase not only induces the growth of rod-shaped secondary mullite phases, reducing sample breakage, but also seals the necks of pores, forming closed micropores, thereby reducing the apparent density of the product. Specifically, the amount of dolomite used can be 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts. In particular, the amount of dolomite used is 2.5-4.5 parts. Insufficient dolomite concentration results in inadequate fluxing; excessive concentration leads to excessive reduction of the liquid phase viscosity by calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, resulting in an excessive and dilute liquid phase at the sintering temperature. This causes the proppant green body to soften and deform during firing, with particles sticking together, severely affecting the sphericity and particle size distribution of the product. After cooling, the excess liquid phase forms a large amount of glassy phase, especially calcium silicate glass. While the glassy phase can fill pores, it has low hardness and high brittleness, making it prone to plastic deformation or brittle fracture under closure pressure, thus significantly deteriorating the compressive strength of the proppant, especially the breakage rate under high closure pressure. Aluminum ash mainly consists of alumina, metallic aluminum, and other impurities. Due to its high alumina content, it can replace a portion of bauxite as a proppant raw material, not only solving the problem of non-renewable bauxite but also realizing the resource utilization of aluminum ash.

[0008] However, the performance improvement of ceramic fracturing proppant prepared by simply adding dolomite is limited. To further improve the strength of low-grade bauxite-based ceramic fracturing proppants, this invention adds a certain amount of FCC waste catalyst and rare earth oxide Tm2O3. FCC waste catalyst itself is a highly active aluminosilicate; when added to low-grade bauxite, it provides a highly reactive aluminum-silicon source that has already undergone high-temperature calcination. Compared to directly adding raw materials such as kaolin or dolomite, the silicon-aluminum components of the FCC waste catalyst are more likely to participate in the formation reactions of phases such as mullite during sintering, effectively reducing the activation energy required for the reaction and thus promoting sintering to a certain extent. Simultaneously, FCC waste catalyst often retains some microporous or mesoporous structures. These micropores can serve as nucleation sites for micropores in the proppant green body. In the early stages of sintering, these micropores help expel residual moisture and organic matter from the green body. As the temperature increases, some micropores can be filled by the liquid phase and disappear, while others can be transformed into appropriately sized closed pores. The key to reducing the bulk density of proppant lies in the appropriate amount of micro-closed pores, which prevent them from becoming stress concentration points and excessively compromising strength. Tm₂O₃, as a heavy rare earth oxide, strengthens grain boundary bonding and inhibits abnormal grain growth at high temperatures. This improves compressive strength while preventing strength loss due to grain coarsening. Furthermore, it promotes the formation of acicular mullite networks, thereby reducing the overall density of the proppant. The addition of FCC waste catalyst and rare earth oxide Tm₂O₃ provides complementary composition, which helps lower the sintering temperature. Through the synergy between the raw materials, the mechanical properties of the ceramic fracturing proppant are improved.

[0009] In one embodiment, the low-grade bauxite comprises, by weight percentage: SiO2 10-15%, Al2O3 65-70%, Fe2O3 0.6-2%, MgO 0.1-1%, CaO 0.1-1%, Na2O 0.01-0.1%, K2O 0.1-1%, TiO2 1-4%, P2O5 0.1-1%, and loss on ignition 10-20%.

[0010] In one embodiment, the dolomite comprises, by weight percentage: 0.1-1% Al2O3, 0.1-1% SiO2, 0.1-0.5% Fe2O3, 27-33% CaO, 19-24% MgO, and a loss on ignition of 40-50%.

[0011] In one embodiment, the FCC waste catalyst comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 45-50%, SiO2 40-43%, Na2O 0.1-1%, K2O 0.2-0.6%, CeO2 0.05-0.3%, La2O3 0.1-2%, TiO2 0.1-0.5%, and loss on ignition 2-8%.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of FCC spent catalyst to dolomite is less than or equal to 2.5. Specifically, the mass ratio of FCC spent catalyst to dolomite is 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.6, 2, 2.2, 2.4, or 2.5. In particular, the mass ratio of FCC spent catalyst to dolomite is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 2.5. Adjusting the mass ratio of FCC spent catalyst to dolomite can better improve the performance of fracturing proppant.

[0013] In one embodiment, the aluminum ash is secondary aluminum ash. Currently, secondary aluminum ash is widely used in the preparation of aluminum-containing materials, refractory materials, and as a main raw material for the preparation of building materials. However, because it contains some heavy metals and other impurities, it requires high-level processing, leading to complicated handling and increased processing costs. Furthermore, the production process generates a large amount of polluting gases, causing adverse effects on the atmospheric environment. Therefore, this invention selects secondary aluminum ash as a raw material for the preparation of ceramic fracturing proppant, realizing the resource utilization of secondary aluminum ash.

[0014] In one embodiment, the secondary aluminum ash is secondary aluminum ash that has undergone further harmless treatment, and comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 85-95%, SiO2 1-2%, Na2O 3-6%, K2O 0.1-0.6%, CaO 0.1-1.4%, TiO2 0.1-0.3%, Fe2O3 0.1-0.5%, and V2O5 1-1.5%. Further, the secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0015] In one embodiment, a ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 100-110 parts low-grade bauxite, 8-10 parts aluminum ash, 2.5-4 parts dolomite, 6-8 parts spent FCC catalyst, and 2.5-4 parts Tm2O3; the mass ratio of spent FCC catalyst to dolomite is less than or equal to 3. Adjusting the amounts of each component can improve the proppant's performance. The low-grade bauxite provides the main aluminum-silicon framework but lacks sufficient fluxing components and grain boundary modifiers. Dolomite supplements magnesium and calcium, the spent FCC catalyst primarily reduces liquid phase viscosity, promotes mass migration, and provides a pore-forming and filling effect, while Tm2O3 provides stronger grain boundary strengthening and inhibits crack propagation. Together, they achieve good densification and mechanical properties.

[0016] When the amount of FCC spent catalyst is too small, the system lacks the inexpensive and highly active aluminosilicate matrix provided by FCC. Simultaneously, the pore-forming template effect from its residual micropores is weak, making it difficult to form a uniform micropore distribution within the green body. This is detrimental to the subsequent formation of a beneficial low-density closed-pore structure, resulting in an uneven microstructure, weak grain boundary bonding, sintering difficulties, excessively high density, or insufficient strength, leading to compressive strength that falls short of expectations. Conversely, excessive use of FCC spent catalyst easily leads to the generation of a large amount of low-viscosity liquid phase at sintering temperatures, causing the proppant green body to soften, deform, and aggregate, severely compromising sphericity. Upon cooling, this easily forms a continuous and brittle glassy phase network, which is highly susceptible to brittle fracture under closure pressure, directly causing a sharp decrease in the compressive strength of the proppant, especially the breakage rate under high closure pressure.

[0017] Similarly, as a heavy rare earth element, the amount of Tm2O3 significantly affects the sintering process. Insufficient Tm2O3 means the system lacks effective elements capable of segregating at grain boundaries and pinning grain migration. Mullite grains are prone to abnormal growth in the later stages of sintering, forming coarse, equiaxed mullite particles instead of the ideal needle-like interlocking network. These coarse grains not only fail to contribute strength but also become crack initiation sites. Simultaneously, insufficient Tm2O3 results in weak grain boundary bonding, making it easy for cracks to propagate along grain boundaries under external closing pressure, leading to insufficient compressive strength of the proppant, especially fatigue strength under high closing pressure. Conversely, excessive Tm2O3 not only significantly increases costs but also easily causes deformation and adhesion of the green body, compromising the sphericity of the proppant.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant, comprising the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to a certain mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, sieve, and obtain pellets; (3) Dry, fire and sieve the spherical blank to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant.

[0019] In one embodiment, the raw material can be crushed and ground to a particle size of about 400 mesh in step (1).

[0020] In one embodiment, step (2) involves sieving through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve. The amount of water used is not particularly limited, generally around 10 wt%, but can be adjusted according to the raw materials. Specifically, an Ericsson high-performance mixer can be used for granulation.

[0021] In one embodiment, step (3) involves sieving through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve.

[0022] In one embodiment, step (3) involves firing at a heating rate of 1-10°C / min to 1300-1450°C. Specifically, the sintering temperature can be 1300°C, 1320°C, 1340°C, 1360°C, 1380°C, 1400°C, 1420°C, or 1450°C. More specifically, the firing temperature is 1350-1430°C.

[0023] Generally, the sintering process of ceramic fracturing proppant can be divided into three stages based on the evolution of its microstructure: early, middle, and late. If the temperature is further increased, it enters the over-firing stage. In the early sintering stage, the particles in the green body rearrange, bonds are formed at the contact points, and large pores gradually disappear, but the total surface area of ​​the solid phase and pores does not change much. After entering the middle sintering stage, the material begins to migrate, the interfacial area between particles increases, and the pores further deform and shrink, but still remain connected, resembling a tunnel. In the late sintering stage, the mass transfer process continues, the grains grow, and the originally connected pores become isolated and closed pores. At this time, the strength of the product is significantly improved, and the density can reach more than 95% of the theoretical value. If the sintering temperature continues to rise, it will cause over-firing, leading to an increase in the content of the liquid phase (glass phase) inside the proppant, widening of the grain boundaries, and an increased likelihood of abnormal crystal growth and uneven grain size, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the density and strength of the material.

[0024] In one embodiment, the firing time, i.e., the holding time, is 100-150 min. Specifically, the firing time can be 100 min, 110 min, 120 min, 130 min, 140 min, or 150 min. More specifically, the firing time is 120-140 min. When the sintering time is insufficient, although various fluxes in the system have lowered the liquid phase formation temperature, if the holding time is too short, particle rearrangement and pore removal are inadequate. While the particle bonding and large pores formed in the early stages of sintering can be completed quickly, sufficient time is needed for material migration, grain boundary slip, and the aggregation and removal of small pores in the middle and later stages of sintering. Insufficient time will result in a large number of pores remaining connected and failing to transform into isolated closed pores, leading to a higher apparent density in the final product. Secondly, short-time sintering only forms small, incomplete mullite nuclei, failing to develop an interlocking needle-like network structure, which directly limits the improvement of the proppant strength. Meanwhile, the segregation and uniform distribution of Tm2O3 at grain boundaries also require time to complete diffusion. Insufficient time can lead to uneven distribution of rare earth elements and a lack of local grain boundary strengthening effect. Furthermore, when the sintering time is too long, extending the holding time after sufficient densification will not further improve performance; instead, it will trigger a series of degradations. First, there is the problem of grain coarsening. Prolonged holding provides sufficient time and energy for grain boundary migration, leading to abnormal growth of mullite and corundum grains, forming coarse equiaxed grains instead of fine needle-like interlocking structures. These coarse grains not only fail to contribute strength but also become stress concentration points and crack initiation sites, resulting in a significant decrease in proppant strength. Second, there is liquid phase separation and an increase in the glassy phase. The liquid phase further erodes grain boundaries and grains, causing grain boundaries to widen and forming a continuous glassy phase network after cooling. The hardness of the glassy phase is much lower than that of mullite, directly reducing the compressive strength and creep resistance of the proppant. Meanwhile, excessively long sintering time can cause the proppant particles to stick together, destroying sphericity and significantly increasing production energy consumption and costs.

[0025] Beneficial effects: (1) The ceramic fracturing proppant based on low-grade bauxite in this invention has the advantages of high strength and low price; aluminum ash replaces part of the bauxite as a raw material for the proppant, which not only solves the problem of non-renewable bauxite, but also realizes the resource utilization of aluminum ash. Dolomite, as a sintering aid, is rich in alkaline earth metal carbonates. When it is heated and decomposed, the carbon dioxide released will create pores inside the sample, resulting in a decrease in density. In addition, its thermal decomposition products - alkaline earth metal compounds - help to generate a liquid phase during sintering. The appearance of the liquid phase can not only induce the growth of rod-shaped secondary mullite phase and reduce the breakage rate of the sample; but also block the neck of the pores and form closed micropores, thereby reducing the apparent density of the product. FCC waste catalyst itself is a highly active aluminosilicate, which is more likely to participate in the formation reaction of mullite and other phases during sintering, which can effectively reduce the activation energy required for the reaction, thereby promoting sintering to a certain extent. Tm2O3, as a heavy rare earth oxide, can inhibit abnormal grain growth at high temperatures, thereby improving compressive strength while avoiding strength reduction caused by grain coarsening. It can also reduce the overall density of the proppant by promoting the formation of acicular mullite networks.

[0026] (2) This invention uses low-grade bauxite as the main raw material, with the addition of a certain amount of aluminum ash and dolomite. Simultaneously, the FCC waste catalyst and rare earth oxide Tm2O3 can complement each other, which helps to lower the sintering temperature. Through the mutual cooperation between the raw materials, it can effectively utilize low-grade bauxite and FCC waste catalyst, achieving dual solid waste utilization, reducing the risk of solid waste accumulation, and obtaining a ceramic proppant with high compressive strength and good stability. This method has simple batching, low firing temperature, short firing time, low energy consumption in the molding and firing process, low production cost, is beneficial to environmental protection, and the production process is simple and easy to control, resulting in stable product quality. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The raw material components used in the following examples and comparative examples are all typical commercially available products or self-made products. Unless otherwise specified, the types of raw materials are consistent.

[0029] Performance testing: Under the same conditions, the bulk density and apparent density of the samples were tested using a bulk density tester and an ULTRAPYC1200e true density analyzer, respectively; and the breakage rate (69MPa) was tested using a WHY microcomputer-controlled pressure testing machine. Example 1

[0030] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts low-grade bauxite, 7 parts secondary aluminum ash, 2 parts dolomite, 5 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 2 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 2.5.

[0031] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0032] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0033] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0034] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0035] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1360℃ at a heating rate of 3℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 100min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.59 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 2.97 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 4.3%. Example 2

[0036] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 110 parts low-grade bauxite, 10 parts secondary aluminum ash, 3.8 parts dolomite, 8.5 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 4.2 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 2.2.

[0037] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0038] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0039] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0040] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0041] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1430℃ at a heating rate of 7℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 150min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.47 g / cm³. 3 The apparent density is 3.11 g / cm³. 3 The breakage rate was 3.5%. Example 3

[0042] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 105 parts low-grade bauxite, 9 parts secondary aluminum ash, 5 parts dolomite, 5.6 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 1.1.

[0043] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0044] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0045] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0046] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0047] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.57 g / cm³. 3 The apparent density is 2.99 g / cm³. 3 The breakage rate was 3.9%. Example 4

[0048] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 102 parts low-grade bauxite, 7 parts secondary aluminum ash, 4.2 parts dolomite, 6.5 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 4 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 1.5.

[0049] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0050] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0051] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0052] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0053] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1410℃ at a heating rate of 4℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 110min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.49 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.06 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 4.1%. Example 5

[0054] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 105 parts low-grade bauxite, 9 parts secondary aluminum ash, 3.6 parts dolomite, 10 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 2.8.

[0055] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0056] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0057] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0058] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0059] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.51 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.10 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 3.3%. Example 6

[0060] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 104 parts low-grade bauxite, 8 parts secondary aluminum ash, 2.5 parts dolomite, 6 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 2.5 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 2.4.

[0061] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0062] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0063] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0064] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0065] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1370℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 120min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.56 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.00 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 4.0%. Example 7

[0066] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 105 parts low-grade bauxite, 9 parts secondary aluminum ash, 3.6 parts dolomite, 7 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 5 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 1.9.

[0067] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0068] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0069] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0070] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0071] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.60 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.13 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 3.0%. Example 8

[0072] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 107 parts low-grade bauxite, 8 parts secondary aluminum ash, 4 parts dolomite, 8 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3.5 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 2.

[0073] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0074] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0075] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0076] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0077] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1390℃ at a heating rate of 4℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 140min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.55 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.05 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 2.8%. Example 9

[0078] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 106 parts low-grade bauxite, 7 parts secondary aluminum ash, 3 parts dolomite, 9 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3.3 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 3.

[0079] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0080] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0081] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0082] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0083] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1380℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 140min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.48 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.10 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 2.9%. Example 10

[0084] A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 105 parts low-grade bauxite, 9 parts secondary aluminum ash, 3.6 parts dolomite, 7 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 1.9.

[0085] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0086] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0087] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0088] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0089] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.53 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.02 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 2.7%.

[0090] Comparative Example 1 A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 105 parts of low-grade bauxite, 9 parts of secondary aluminum ash, 3.6 parts of dolomite, 0 parts of FCC waste catalyst, and 10 parts of Tm2O3.

[0091] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0092] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0093] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0094] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0095] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.73 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.20 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 6.1%.

[0096] Comparative Example 2 A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 105 parts of low-grade bauxite, 9 parts of secondary aluminum ash, 3.6 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of FCC waste catalyst, and 0 parts of Tm2O3.

[0097] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0098] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0099] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0100] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0101] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.68 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.17 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 8.3%.

[0102] Comparative Example 3 A ceramic fracturing proppant comprises the following components in parts by weight: The composition consists of 105 parts low-grade bauxite, 9 parts secondary aluminum ash, 2 parts dolomite, 8.6 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 3 parts Tm2O3; that is, the mass of FCC waste catalyst and dolomite is 4.3.

[0103] The low-grade bauxite contains, by weight percentage: SiO2 11.73%, Al2O3 68.22%, Fe2O3 1.10%, MgO 0.37%, CaO 0.31%, Na2O 0.07%, K2O 0.49%, TiO2 2.54%, P2O5 0.39%, with a loss on ignition of 14.21%.

[0104] The secondary aluminum ash comprises, by weight percentage: Al2O3 90.95%, SiO2 1.81%, Na2O 3.98%, K2O 0.21%, CaO 0.92%, TiO2 0.21%, Fe2O3 0.25%, and V2O5 1.18%.

[0105] The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: 0.35% Al2O3, 0.59% SiO2, 0.13% Fe2O3, 30.3% CaO, 22.1% MgO, and has a loss on ignition of 46.15%.

[0106] The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 48%, SiO2 41%, Na2O 0.5%, K2O 0.4%, CeO2 0.1%, La2O3 1%, TiO2 0.3%, and loss on ignition 7%.

[0107] The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, and pass through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve to obtain pellets; (3) Dry the spherical blank, heat it to 1400℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 130min, then pass it through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant. Its bulk density was tested to be 1.65 g / cm³. 3 Apparent density is 3.19 g / cm³ 3 The breakage rate was 5.7%.

[0108] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the ceramsite fracturing proppant of the present invention, based on low-grade bauxite, has advantages such as high strength and low density. Simultaneously, by replacing a portion of bauxite as a proppant raw material with aluminum ash, it not only solves the problem of non-renewable bauxite but also achieves resource utilization of aluminum ash. Dolomite, as a sintering aid, is rich in alkaline earth metal carbonates. When it decomposes thermally, the released carbon dioxide creates pores inside the sample, leading to a decrease in density. Furthermore, its thermal decomposition products—alkaline earth metal compounds—help generate a liquid phase during sintering. The appearance of the liquid phase not only induces the growth of rod-shaped secondary mullite phases, reducing the sample breakage rate, but also blocks the necks of pores, forming closed micropores, thereby reducing the apparent density of the product. FCC waste catalyst itself is a highly active aluminosilicate, which more easily participates in the formation reaction of mullite and other phases during sintering, effectively reducing the activation energy required for the reaction and thus promoting sintering to a certain extent. Tm2O3, as a heavy rare earth oxide, can inhibit abnormal grain growth at high temperatures, thereby improving compressive strength while avoiding strength reduction caused by grain coarsening. It can also reduce the overall density of the proppant by promoting the formation of acicular mullite networks.

[0109] Specifically, compared to Example 10, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 lacked FCC waste catalyst and Tm2O3, respectively, resulting in a significantly increased breakage rate. This is because the FCC waste catalyst itself is a highly active aluminosilicate, which more readily participates in the formation reaction of mullite and other phases during sintering, effectively reducing the activation energy required for the reaction and thus promoting sintering to a certain extent. Tm2O3, as a heavy rare earth oxide, has a small ionic radius, which strengthens grain boundary bonding and inhibits abnormal grain growth at high temperatures. This improves compressive strength while preventing a decrease in strength due to grain coarsening. Furthermore, it can reduce the overall density of the proppant by promoting the formation of needle-like mullite networks. Simultaneously, the addition of FCC waste catalyst and rare earth oxide Tm2O3 provides complementary components, which helps to lower the sintering temperature and improves the mechanical properties of the ceramic fracturing proppant through the synergy between the raw materials.

[0110] Compared to Examples 9 and 10, the mass ratio of FCC waste catalyst to dolomite in Comparative Example 3 was 4.3, resulting in a higher breakage rate. This is because when the ratio of FCC waste catalyst to dolomite is too high, it inhibits the sintering aid effect of dolomite, leading to insufficient fluxing effect and poorer product performance.

[0111] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have been described; these embodiments not explicitly stated should also be considered within the scope of this specification. Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramic fracturing proppant, characterized in that, The components include the following parts by weight: The composition consists of 100-110 parts low-grade bauxite, 6-12 parts aluminum ash, 2-5 parts dolomite, 5-10 parts FCC waste catalyst, and 2-5 parts Tm2O3; wherein the mass ratio of FCC waste catalyst to dolomite is less than or equal to 3.

2. The ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-grade bauxite comprises, by weight percentage: SiO2 10-15%, Al2O3 65-70%, Fe2O3 0.6-2%, MgO 0.1-1%, CaO 0.1-1%, Na2O 0.01-0.1%, K2O 0.1-1%, TiO2 1-4%, P2O5 0.1-1%, with a loss on ignition of 10-20%.

3. The ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dolomite, by weight percentage, contains: Al2O3 0.1-1%, SiO2 0.1-1%, Fe2O3 0.1-0.5%, CaO 27-33%, MgO 19-24%, and loss on ignition 40-50%.

4. The ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The FCC spent catalyst, by weight percentage, comprises: Al2O3 45-50%, SiO2 40-43%, Na2O 0.1-1%, K2O 0.2-0.6%, CeO2 0.05-0.3%, La2O3 0.1-2%, TiO2 0.1-0.5%, with a loss on ignition of 2-8%.

5. The ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum ash is secondary aluminum ash.

6. A method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Crush and grind the raw materials, and mix them evenly according to a certain mass ratio; (2) Add the mixture and water to the mixer for granulation, sieve, and obtain pellets; (3) Dry, fire and sieve the spherical blank to obtain the ceramic fracturing proppant.

7. The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step (2) involves sieving through an 18 / 25 mesh sieve.

8. The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The step (3) involves sieving the material through a 20 / 40 mesh sieve.

9. The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The firing process in step (3) involves heating the temperature to 1300-1450℃ at a rate of 1-10℃ / min.

10. The method for preparing a ceramic fracturing proppant as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The firing time is 100-150 minutes.