A garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material, a preparation method thereof, a waste composting and / or composting method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer preparation, in particular to a kind of garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material and its preparation method, waste composting and / or composting method and application.The present application provides a kind of garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material, by weight parts, including: garden waste-based composite carbon material 55-65 parts, lignin fiber reinforcement 20-25 parts, composite binder 8-12 parts and pore control agent 5-8 parts;The garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material provided by the present application innovates raw material system, and the garden waste-based composite carbon material is scientifically matched with lignin fiber reinforcement material, composite binder and pore control agent, creating a composite material system with high porosity and high mechanical strength, low cost, reusable.The preparation method of the present application is by hierarchical pretreatment, composite modification and modular forming process, and the preparation process does not require special raw materials and high energy consumption equipment, and can be mass-produced, and is strong in practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a fermentation adjuvant based on garden waste and its preparation method, as well as a method and application of waste composting and / or composting. Background Technology

[0002] Fermentation adjuvants are functional auxiliary substances added during the fermentation process, in addition to the main raw materials, to optimize the microbial growth environment, regulate product synthesis, and improve process efficiency. Their core value lies in solving key issues such as nutrient supply, environmental control, and process optimization in fermentation by precisely matching the fermentation system (microbial species, main raw material characteristics, and product requirements).

[0003] Aerobic fermentation is a key technology for the resource utilization of organic solid waste, and the properties of fermentation adjuvants directly affect fermentation efficiency and cost. Existing aerobic fermentation adjuvant technologies are mainly divided into three categories: traditional organic adjuvants, such as sawdust and straw, which, although low in cost, have poor structural strength, are prone to collapse and degradation, and are typically only usable once with low reusability; inorganic mineral adjuvants, such as pumice and vermiculite, have stable structures but are expensive, and their use increases the density of the fermentation material, while the inorganic components cannot be degraded, easily causing secondary pollution. Furthermore, the microbial biofilm formation rate is only 1 / 3 that of organic carriers, leading to a longer fermentation cycle; although recently developed composite conditioners attempt to combine the advantages of both, most solutions still fail to effectively solve the balance between strength and porosity, and rarely address the recyclability of the adjuvants.

[0004] Existing aerobic fermentation adjuvant technologies suffer from three main shortcomings: First, there is an imbalance between structure and function; organic adjuvants are easily degraded, while inorganic adjuvants have poor microbial compatibility and lack synergistic design. Second, reusability is insufficient; most solutions do not address the combined losses caused by microbial erosion, mechanical wear, and high-temperature aging, resulting in a limited number of reuses (generally ≤3 times). Third, there is a conflict between economic viability and resource utilization; solutions relying on inorganic minerals or expensive chemical reagents are too costly, while purely organic solutions require repeated replenishment. These shortcomings have led to the aerobic fermentation industry facing a long-standing dilemma of "high fermentation adjuvant costs, long fermentation cycles, and weak solid waste disposal capacity," necessitating an adjuvant technology that balances "strong solid waste disposal capacity, short fermentation cycles, high reusability, and low overall cost." Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical defects of high cost and low efficiency of fermentation auxiliary materials in the prior art, thereby providing a garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material with a short fermentation cycle, reusability, and reduced fermentation cost.

[0006] Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the technical defects of weak solid waste disposal capacity of fermentation auxiliary materials in the prior art, thereby providing a method for preparing garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary materials. The prepared garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary materials constitute a three-level pore system of "macropore-medium pore-micropore", so that the auxiliary materials have both high porosity and excellent structural strength, ensuring structural stability during repeated use and strong solid waste disposal capacity.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material, which, by weight, comprises 55-65 parts of garden waste-based composite charcoal, 20-25 parts of lignin fiber reinforcement, 8-12 parts of composite binder, and 5-8 parts of pore regulator. The fixed carbon content of the garden waste-based composite carbon material is ≥60%, the specific surface area is 250-300m² / g, and the moisture content is ≤15%; the length of the lignin fiber reinforcement is 2-5mm.

[0008] The garden waste-based fermentation aid of this invention uses garden waste with high compatibility in its composition. The garden waste contains a balanced ratio of lignin (≥30% by mass) and cellulose (40-50% by mass). After carbonization, the garden waste can form a garden waste-based composite carbon material with a "high fixed carbon + multi-level micropore" structure, which ensures mechanical strength and meets the needs of microbial biofilm formation. The raw material of the garden waste-based fermentation aid is garden waste, which is a municipal solid waste with a huge annual output, so no additional procurement is required, and "waste treatment with waste" and resource synergy can be achieved.

[0009] The garden waste-based composite carbon material of this invention has a fixed carbon content of ≥60% and a specific surface area of ​​250-300 m² after carbonization. 2 / g and moisture content ≤15%, with the optimal ratio of porosity to compressive strength, avoids the defects of easy degradation of pure organic carbon and insufficient porosity of pure inorganic carrier, and maintains the performance balance of garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary materials.

[0010] Furthermore, the lignin fiber reinforcement used in this invention is derived from coarse branches in garden waste, which is inexpensive, more stable than straw, and easier to maintain its integrity. In addition, some synthetic fibers may also have high stability, but they are expensive. Therefore, the garden waste-based fermentation additive of this invention has the advantage of low cost.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the lignin fiber reinforcement includes: crushing and sieving coarse materials with a diameter >2cm from garden waste to obtain particles with a length of 2-5mm, which are used as lignin fiber reinforcement; Preferably, the preparation method of the garden waste-based composite charcoal material includes: drying and carbonizing the garden waste, cooling and then pulverizing it to obtain the garden waste-based composite charcoal material. Optionally, the garden waste includes one or more of dead branches, fallen leaves, and pruned branches; optionally, the mass ratio of the dead branches, fallen leaves, and pruned branches is (3-2):(2-1):1. Optionally, the drying temperature is 100-120℃, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is ≤15%; the carbonization temperature is 500-600℃; the carbonization time is 30-40 minutes; the material is cooled to below 50℃; and the material is pulverized through a 40-60 mesh sieve and the material passing through the sieve is used.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of starch ether to bentonite in the composite binder is (1.5-2):1; the composite binder is applied after being mixed with water; The mass ratio of perlite to sodium bicarbonate in the pore regulator is (3-4):1.

[0013] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the composite adhesive to water is 1g:(2.5-3.5)mL.

[0014] This invention provides a method for preparing the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant described in the above technical solution, comprising: After mixing garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement, and pore control agent, a first material is obtained; preferably, the first mixing speed is 20-40 r / min and the time is 2-4 min. After mixing the first material with the composite binder, a second material is obtained; preferably, the second mixing time is 3-5 min, the second mixing speed is 30-40 r / min, and the moisture content of the second material is 25%-35%.

[0015] The second material is shaped and dried to obtain a garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material.

[0016] Preferably, the molding pressure is 6-8 MPa, and the time is 10-15 s; the drying temperature is 80-110℃, and the time is 60-90 min. At a drying temperature of 80-110℃, the binder gelatinizes, and the bentonite crosslinks. The bentonite mainly interacts with the water in the system and the starch ether in the composite binder, forming a "physical crosslinking" or "gel network structure" under heating conditions, which enhances the structural stability. At the same time, sodium bicarbonate decomposes, generating numerous pores. Cooling to room temperature yields a garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant with a porous structure.

[0017] This invention provides the application of the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant described in the above-described technical solution or the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant obtained by the preparation method described in the above-described technical solution in at least one of the following: 1) Waste composting and / or fermentation; 2) Waste composting.

[0018] This invention provides a method for the composting and / or fermentation of waste, wherein the garden waste-based fermentation additive is mixed with the material to be composted or fermented, and then fermentation is carried out. The garden waste-based fermentation aid is the garden waste-based fermentation aid described in the above technical solution or the garden waste-based fermentation aid obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.

[0019] Optionally, when used for the composting and / or fermentation of high-moisture materials, the proportion of the finished garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant is 22%-25% of the mass of the high-moisture materials; the high-moisture materials are livestock and poultry manure, sludge, etc., with a moisture content of 75%-85% and a C / N ratio of 18-24:1; the moisture content of the pile after mixing the high-moisture materials and adjuvants is controlled to be 58%-62%.

[0020] Optionally, when used for the composting and / or fermentation of medium-moisture materials, the proportion of the finished garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant is 18%-20% of the mass of the medium-moisture materials; the medium-moisture materials are kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, etc., with a moisture content of 60%-70% and a C / N ratio of 25-30:1; the moisture content of the pile after mixing the medium-moisture materials and adjuvants is controlled to be 55%-58%.

[0021] Optionally, when used for the composting and / or fermentation of low-moisture materials, the proportion of the finished garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant is 15%-17% of the mass of the low-moisture materials; the low-moisture materials are straw, fallen leaves, sawdust, etc., with a moisture content of 15%-40% and a C / N ratio of 31-35:1; the moisture content of the pile after mixing the low-moisture materials and adjuvants is controlled to be 52%-55%.

[0022] This invention provides a method for reusing garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants, comprising applying the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants followed by separation, cleaning, and drying to achieve reuse. Optionally, the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants are considered ineffective if the porosity decreases by >40% or the compressive strength decreases by >40%. Optionally, the drying method includes hot air drying at a temperature of 80-90℃. Optionally, the cleaning method includes air blowing using an air gun at a pressure of 0.1-0.4 MPa, more preferably 0.3 MPa.

[0023] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: 1. The garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material provided by this invention innovates the raw material system. The core component, garden waste-based composite carbon material, comes from the graded utilization of garden waste. Through scientific compatibility with lignin fiber reinforcement materials, composite binders and pore regulators, a composite material system with both high porosity and high mechanical strength is created. Using modified garden waste as the main raw material, it is more ecological and environmentally friendly and has a low cost.

[0024] The garden waste-based fermentation aid provided by this invention utilizes a multi-level pore structure design: small pores provided by the garden waste-based composite charcoal material itself, large pore channels formed by lignin fiber reinforcement, and mesopores and macropores created by a pore regulator. This design gives the aid both high porosity and excellent structural strength, allowing it to withstand mechanical turning and material compression during aerobic fermentation. Furthermore, its unique pore structure facilitates microbial biofilm formation and gas exchange, achieving excellent synergy between structure and function. During repeated use, the garden waste-based fermentation aid exhibits greater structural stability. Through the synergistic effect of the fiber network and composite binder, it maintains structural integrity even under repeated mechanical impacts, enabling reuse. This garden waste-based fermentation aid can be reused five times or more, significantly reducing fermentation costs. Simultaneously, due to its unique pore structure facilitating microbial biofilm formation and gas exchange, the aid's high porosity, high water retention, and high oxygen content in the fermentation pile shorten the fermentation cycle, improve fermentation efficiency, enhance composting efficiency, and achieve better fermentation results.

[0025] The garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant provided by this invention has high full-cycle resource utilization efficiency: the core components of the adjuvant (garden waste-based composite carbon material and lignin fiber reinforcement) are all derived from garden waste, and after the adjuvant's service life ends, due to its carbon content and potassium and calcium elements, it can be directly used as a soil conditioner, ultimately generating no solid waste and achieving full-cycle utilization at low cost. The decomposed seeds prepared from the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant provided by this invention have a high germination index.

[0026] The garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant provided by this invention is highly economical. Its main raw materials are widely available and inexpensive. The reusability of the adjuvant significantly reduces fermentation costs. Based on five reuses, the cost of the adjuvant can be significantly reduced.

[0027] Furthermore, in the composite binder (starch ether and bentonite), starch ether provides initial bonding force, while bentonite absorbs water, expands, and solidifies under heating to form a stable structure. It is also biodegradable and leaves no environmental residue, avoiding the defects of "easy to disperse in the early stage and easy to become brittle in the later stage" of a single binder. This ensures structural integrity and avoids the environmental residue problems of chemical binders (such as PVA).

[0028] 2. The preparation method of garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material provided by the present invention, through the process of "graded pretreatment-composite modification-modular molding", produces garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material with "multi-level porous structure, high compressive strength and recyclability". The preparation process does not require special raw materials or high-energy-consuming equipment, can be mass-produced and is highly practical.

[0029] Furthermore, the numerous micropores (pore size <2nm) provided by the garden waste-based composite carbon material are responsible for adsorbing moisture and microorganisms, while the macropores (pore size >50μm) formed by the lignin fiber reinforcement ensure air circulation. Perlite and sodium bicarbonate are used as pore regulators. Perlite itself is a porous mineral (porosity 40-50%), providing the framework of mesopores. Sodium bicarbonate decomposes during molding and drying (80-110℃) to produce CO2, forming macropores (pore size >50μm) within the fermentation material. The inorganic framework of perlite prevents the collapse of these macropores, and sodium bicarbonate decomposes without residue, maintaining stable porosity over a long period. The mesopores and macropores created by these two pore regulators, together with the micropores of the garden waste-based composite carbon material and the macropores generated between the lignin fiber reinforcement fibers, constitute a three-level pore system of "macropore-mesopore-micropore." This multi-level pore structure design resolves the contradiction between air permeability and water retention in the fermentation material.

[0030] The perlite pore regulator creates mesopores (2-50 μm in diameter) to regulate moisture distribution, providing an ideal living environment for aerobic fermentation microorganisms. The structural design also considers stability during repeated use; through the synergistic effect of the fiber network and binder, the auxiliary material maintains its structural integrity even under repeated mechanical impacts, achieving an innovative structural design for garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary materials.

[0031] 3. The present invention provides a method for the composting and / or fermentation of waste, wherein the application of garden waste-based fermentation additives is simple and convenient, highly compatible with existing aerobic fermentation processes, and can be directly applied without changing the existing production process.

[0032] 4. The present invention provides a method for the reuse of garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants, and proposes a complete recycling scheme for fermentation adjuvants, including a standard process of screening and separation, cleaning, drying, regeneration and reuse after use. It can effectively restore the pore structure and functional characteristics of the adjuvants and realize multiple recycling, which is an innovation in application method.

[0033] In summary, this invention provides a reusable fermentation additive using garden waste as the main raw material and its preparation method, which solves the limitation of traditional organic additives being used only once, significantly reduces fermentation costs, and provides a more sustainable additive option for aerobic fermentation technology. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0036] In the following examples and comparative examples, starch ether was an industrial-grade raw material; purchased from Zhengzhou Tengxiang Chemical Products Co., Ltd., item number 20251228.

[0037] The bentonite was an industrial-grade raw material; it was purchased from Chengdu Youwute Technology Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 200 mesh.

[0038] The perlite is an industrial-grade raw material, purchased from Xinyang Guangxing New Material Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 3-5mm.

[0039] In the following examples and comparative examples, the density was determined using GB / T 4472-2011 "Determination of Density and Relative Density of Chemical Products".

[0040] Compressive strength test method: The compressive strength of particles was determined according to GB / T 44750-2024 "Measurement of compressive strength of particles".

[0041] Porosity testing method: The porosity (%) of the auxiliary material is measured by the ring cutter method, according to the method specified in Appendix C of LY / T 1970-2011.

[0042] Example 1 1. Raw material system and formulation design The core components of the auxiliary materials are all derived from garden waste (dead branches, fallen leaves, and pruned branches) and natural low-cost additives. The garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material formula, by weight, is as follows: 60 kg of garden waste-based composite carbon material, 22 kg of lignin fiber reinforcement, 10 kg of composite binder, and 8 kg of pore regulator.

[0043] The preparation and selection criteria for each component are as follows: (1) Preparation of garden waste-based composite carbon material: The dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches of garden waste collected by the municipality are used. There is no requirement for the mass ratio of dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches. It is sufficient to contain one or more of them. No fine sorting is required. Only the coarse branches with a diameter >2cm are removed. The carbonization is carried out by a continuous rotary carbonization furnace: First, the material is dried in a drum dryer with continuous feeding. The temperature of the dryer is 120℃. The material is dried until the moisture content drops to <15%. The dried material is then carbonized in a carbonization furnace at 500℃ for 30 minutes. The carbonization furnace is continuously temperature controlled and does not require nitrogen protection. The oxygen content of the carbonization furnace is controlled to <5% by adjusting the feeding rate to achieve micro-oxygen carbonization, avoid complete combustion of garden waste, and ensure that the fixed carbon content of the carbon material is ≥60%. The carbonized product is obtained. The carbonized product is cooled to below 50℃ by a cooling drum and directly crushed through a 60-mesh sieve. No fine grading is required. The undersize material is the garden waste-based composite carbon material. Key indicators: The fixed carbon content of the garden waste-based composite carbon material is ≥60%, the specific surface area is 250-300m² / g, and the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0044] (2) Preparation of lignin fiber reinforcement: The lignin fiber was mechanically screened. Specifically, coarse branches from garden waste with a diameter >2cm were selected. After being crushed by a hammer crusher, particles with a length of 2-5mm were screened by a double-stage roller screen and used directly as lignin fiber reinforcement.

[0045] (3) Preparation of composite binder: Starch ether and bentonite were compounded at a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a composite system. Both starch ether and bentonite are industrial grade raw materials. When using the composite system, water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:3ml and stirred into a paste before application.

[0046] (4) Preparation of pore regulator: Perlite and sodium bicarbonate were compounded at a mass ratio of 4:1; the perlite was industrial grade with a particle size of 3-5 mm. Sodium bicarbonate decomposes and releases CO2 when heated during the molding stage, forming macropores with a diameter of 50-100 μm inside the fermentation adjuvant. The pore regulator creates mesopores and macropores. The small pores of the garden waste-based composite carbon material and the large pores formed by the wood fiber reinforcement create a three-level pore system of "large pore-medium pore-small pore".

[0047] 2. Process flow for preparing fermentation auxiliary materials based on garden waste (1) Continuous mixing stage: Feeding continuously according to the formula ratio: The garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement and pore control agent are quantitatively fed from the main material silo into the twin-screw continuous mixer through a screw conveyor. The mixing speed is 20 r / min and the time is 4 min. Then, the paste-like composite binder is continuously added to the mixer through a metering pump. The mixing time is 3 min and the mixing speed is 40 r / min. At the same time, tap water is added to keep the moisture content of the mixture in the mixer stable at 25%-35%. No precise testing is required. It can be judged by the industrial experience of "forming a ball when squeezed and crumbling when dropped". After the mixing is completed, the mixture directly enters the next process.

[0048] (2) Standardized molding stage: The mixture is pressed into cylindrical modules with a diameter of 0.5-1cm and a length of 0.5-1.5cm using a roller press. The molding pressure is controlled at 8MPa and the holding time is 10s. After molding, the mixture is directly fed into a mesh belt dryer. The drying temperature is 100℃ and the drying time is 60min. The finished product has a moisture content of ≤12% and a density of 0.55-0.65g / cm³. 3 After drying, the finished fermentation admixture based on garden waste is obtained. The finished product testing indicators are: density 0.55-0.65 g / cm³, compressive strength ≥1.5 MPa, and porosity ≥45%. Substandard products are directly returned to the mixer for re-forming, resulting in no waste. The garden waste-based fermentation admixture is reusable.

[0049] Example 2 1. Raw material system and formulation design: The formula, by weight, is as follows: 65 kg of garden waste-based composite carbon material, 20 kg of lignin fiber reinforcement, 8 kg of composite binder, and 6 kg of pore regulator.

[0050] The preparation and selection criteria for each component are as follows: (1) Preparation of garden waste-based composite carbon material: The dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches of garden waste collected by the municipality are used. There is no requirement for the mass ratio of dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches. It is sufficient to contain one or more of them. No fine sorting is required. Only the coarse branches with a diameter >2cm are removed. The carbonization is carried out by a continuous rotary carbonization furnace: First, the material is dried in a drum dryer with continuous feeding. The temperature of the dryer is 120℃. The material is dried until the moisture content drops to <15%. The dried material is then carbonized in a carbonization furnace at 550℃ for 35 minutes. The carbonization furnace is continuously temperature controlled and does not require nitrogen protection. The oxygen content of the carbonization furnace is controlled to <5% by adjusting the feeding rate to obtain the carbonized product. The carbonized product is cooled to below 50℃ by a cooling drum and directly crushed through a 40-mesh sieve. No fine grading is required. The material under the sieve is the garden waste-based composite carbon material. Key indicators: The fixed carbon content of the garden waste-based composite carbon material is ≥60%, the specific surface area is 250-300m² / g, and the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0051] (2) Preparation of lignin fiber reinforcement: The lignin fiber was mechanically screened. Specifically, coarse branches from garden waste with a diameter >2cm were selected. After being crushed by a hammer crusher, particles with a length of 2-5mm were screened by a double-stage roller screen and used directly as lignin fiber reinforcement.

[0052] (3) Preparation of composite binder: Starch ether and bentonite were compounded at a mass ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain a composite system. Both starch ether and bentonite are industrial grade raw materials. When using the composite system, water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:2.5mL and stirred into a paste before application.

[0053] (4) Preparation of pore regulator: Perlite and sodium bicarbonate are compounded at a mass ratio of 3:1; the perlite is industrial grade with a particle size of 3-5 mm. Sodium bicarbonate decomposes and releases CO2 when heated during the molding stage, forming macropores with a diameter of 50-100 μm inside the fermentation adjuvant. The pore regulator creates mesopores and macropores. The small pores of the garden waste-based composite carbon material and the large pores formed by the wood fiber reinforcement create a three-level pore system of "large pore-medium pore-small pore".

[0054] 2. Preparation process flow (1) Continuous mixing stage: Feeding continuously according to the formula ratio: The garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement and pore control agent are quantitatively fed from the main material silo into the twin-screw continuous mixer through a screw conveyor. The mixing speed is 40 r / min and the time is 2 min. Then, the paste-like composite binder is continuously added to the mixer through a metering pump. The mixing time is 5 min and the mixing speed is 30 r / min. At the same time, tap water is added to keep the moisture content of the mixture in the mixer stable at 25%-35%. No precise testing is required. It can be judged by the industrial experience of "forming a ball when squeezed and crumbling when dropped". After the mixing is completed, the mixture directly enters the next process.

[0055] (2) Standardized molding stage: The mixture is pressed into cylindrical modules with a diameter of 0.5-1cm and a length of 0.5-1.5cm using a roller press. The molding pressure is controlled at 6MPa and the holding time is 15s. After molding, the mixture is directly fed into a mesh belt dryer. The drying temperature is 110℃ and the drying time is 80 minutes. The finished product has a moisture content of ≤12% and a density of 0.55-0.65g / cm³. 3 After drying, the finished product is a fermentation auxiliary material based on garden waste.

[0056] Finished product testing indicators: density 0.55-0.65g / cm³, compressive strength ≥1.4MPa, porosity ≥45%. Unqualified products are directly returned to the mixer for re-forming, and no waste is generated.

[0057] Example 3 1. Raw material system and formulation design: The formula, by weight, is as follows: 55 kg of garden waste-based composite carbon material, 25 kg of lignin fiber reinforcement, 12 kg of composite binder, and 5 kg of pore regulator.

[0058] The preparation and selection criteria for each component are as follows: (1) Preparation of garden waste-based composite carbon material: The dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches of garden waste collected by the municipality are used. There is no requirement for the mass ratio of dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches. It is sufficient to contain one or more of them. No fine sorting is required. Only the coarse branches with a diameter >2cm are removed. The carbonization is carried out by a continuous rotary carbonization furnace: First, the material is dried in a drum dryer with continuous feeding. The temperature of the dryer is 120℃. The material is dried until the moisture content drops to <15%. The dried material is then put into the carbonization furnace and carbonized at 550℃ for 40min. The carbonization furnace is continuously temperature controlled and does not require nitrogen protection. The oxygen content of the carbonization furnace is controlled to <5% by adjusting the feeding rate to obtain the carbonized product. The carbonized product is cooled to below 50℃ by a cooling drum and directly crushed through a 50-mesh sieve. No fine grading is required. The undersize material is the garden waste-based composite carbon material. Key indicators: The fixed carbon content of the garden waste-based composite carbon material is ≥60%, the specific surface area is 250-300m² / g, and the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0059] (2) Preparation of lignin fiber reinforcement: The lignin fiber was mechanically screened. Specifically, coarse branches from garden waste with a diameter >2cm were selected. After being crushed by a hammer crusher, particles with a length of 2-5mm were screened by a double-stage roller screen and used directly as lignin fiber reinforcement.

[0060] (3) Preparation of composite binder: Starch ether and bentonite were compounded at a mass ratio of 1.8:1 to obtain a composite system. Both starch ether and bentonite are industrial grade raw materials. When using the composite system, water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:3.5mL and stirred into a paste before application.

[0061] (4) Preparation of pore regulator: Perlite and sodium bicarbonate were compounded at a mass ratio of 3.5:1; the perlite was industrial grade with a particle size of 3-5 mm. Sodium bicarbonate decomposes and releases CO2 when heated during the molding stage, forming macropores with a diameter of 50-100 μm inside the fermentation adjuvant. The pore regulator creates mesopores and macropores. The small pores of the garden waste-based composite carbon material and the large pores formed by the wood fiber reinforcement create a three-level pore system of "large pore-medium pore-small pore".

[0062] 2. Preparation process flow (1) Continuous mixing stage: Feeding continuously according to the formula ratio: The garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement and pore control agent are quantitatively fed from the main material silo into the twin-screw continuous mixer through a screw conveyor. The mixing speed is 30 r / min and the time is 3 min. Then, the paste-like composite binder is continuously added to the mixer through a metering pump. The mixing time is 4 min and the mixing speed is 35 r / min. At the same time, tap water is added to keep the moisture content of the mixture in the mixer stable at 25%-35%. No precise testing is required. It can be judged by the industrial experience of "forming a ball when squeezed and crumbling when dropped". After the mixing is completed, the mixture directly enters the next process.

[0063] (2) Standardized molding stage: The mixture is pressed into cylindrical modules with a diameter of 0.5-1cm and a length of 0.5-1.5cm using a roller press. The molding pressure is controlled at 7MPa and the holding time is 13s. After molding, the mixture is directly fed into a mesh belt dryer. The drying temperature is 80℃ and the drying time is 90min. The finished product has a moisture content of ≤12% and a density of 0.55-0.65g / cm³. 3 After drying, the finished product, fermentation admixture based on garden waste, is obtained. The finished product testing indicators are: density 0.60-0.65 g / cm³, compressive strength ≥1.4 MPa, and porosity ≥45%. Unqualified products are directly returned to the mixer for re-forming, resulting in no waste generation.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 Same as Example 1, the only difference being the change in the composition of the straw-based fermentation adjuvant, which is as follows: The formula for straw-based fermentation auxiliary materials by weight is as follows: 60 kg of straw-based carbonized material, 22 kg of lignin fiber reinforcement, 10 kg of composite binder, and 8 kg of pore regulator.

[0065] The preparation method of straw-based carbonized material is as follows: Same as Example 1, except that dead branches, fallen leaves, and pruned branches from garden waste are replaced with rapeseed straw. The rapeseed straw is dried to a moisture content of <15%, carbonized at 500℃ for 30 minutes, cooled to below 50℃, and pulverized through a 60-mesh sieve. No fine grading is required. The material passing through the sieve is used to obtain the straw-based carbonized material. Key indicators: The fixed carbon content of the straw-based carbonized material is 60%, the specific surface area is 250 m² / g, and the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0066] The preparation methods for lignin fiber reinforcement, composite binder, and pore control agent are the same as in Example 1.

[0067] The preparation process of the fermentation adjuvant is the same as in Example 1. The straw-based carbonized material has a high cellulose content (≥60%) and a low lignin content (≤25%), resulting in a loose structure after carbonization. The compressive strength of the fermentation adjuvant prepared in Comparative Example 1 is ≤0.8MPa, making it easy to break during fermentation and turning. It can be reused ≤2 times, significantly reducing its application potential and value compared to Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 1, the only difference being the change in the composition of the fermentation adjuvant, which is as follows: By weight, the composite carbon material is made from garden waste (60 kg), lignin fiber reinforcement (22 kg), composite binder (10 kg), and perlite pore regulator (8 kg).

[0069] The preparation method of the pore control agent perlite is as follows: the perlite is of industrial grade with a particle size of 3-5 mm, and is used directly in the preparation of auxiliary materials.

[0070] The preparation methods for garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement, and composite binder are the same as in Example 1.

[0071] The preparation process of the fermentation adjuvant is the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Comparative Example 3 Same as Example 1, the only difference being the change in the composition of the fermentation adjuvant, which is as follows: By weight, the composite carbon material is made from garden waste (60 kg), lignin fiber reinforcement (22 kg), composite binder (10 kg), and pore regulator zeolite and sawdust (8 kg).

[0073] The preparation methods for pore-regulating agents zeolite and sawdust are as follows: 1) Remove impurities with a particle size >10mm from the zeolite, crush it with a crusher, and then screen and collect particles of 3-5mm; 2) Select sawdust, remove impurities such as metal and stones, and dry it in a 105℃ forced-air drying oven for 2 hours until the moisture content is ≤5%; 3) Mix the screened zeolite and the dried sawdust evenly at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a pore regulator, which can be directly used in the preparation of auxiliary materials.

[0074] The preparation methods for garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement, and composite binder are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] The preparation process of the fermentation adjuvant is the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 4 Same as Example 1, the only difference being the change in the composition of the fermentation adjuvant, which is as follows: By weight, the composite carbon material is made from garden waste (60 kg), lignin fiber reinforcement (22 kg), composite binder (10 kg), and pore regulators diatomaceous earth and corn cob (8 kg).

[0077] The preparation method of pore regulator diatomaceous earth and corn cob is as follows: (1) Select industrial grade diatomaceous earth, remove impurities with a particle size >10 mm, crush it with a crusher, and collect particles of 3–5 mm; (2) Select dry, mold-free corn cob, remove impurities such as metal and stones, crush it with a pulverizer, and pass it through a 5–10 mm sieve to collect the sieve material; (3) Mix the screened diatomaceous earth and the crushed corn cob at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain the pore regulator, which can be directly used for the preparation of auxiliary materials.

[0078] The preparation methods for garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement, and composite binder are the same as in Example 1.

[0079] The preparation process of the fermentation adjuvant is the same as in Example 1.

[0080] The results of the determination of the fermentation adjuvants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.

[0081] in: The porosity (%) of the auxiliary material was measured using the ring cutter method, according to the method specified in Appendix C of LY / T 1970-2011.

[0082] Moisture retention (%) was measured using the drying method (gravimetric method), and the moisture content was calculated based on the mass difference of the sample before and after drying.

[0083] The oxygen content (%) of the fermentation pile was monitored in situ using an in-situ oxygen sensor, which was inserted for real-time monitoring.

[0084] Table 1. Results of the determination of fermentation adjuvants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0085] It is evident that the porosity of the compound system in this application is higher than that of perlite or zeolite and sawdust alone, while achieving "high aeration + high water retention", providing an optimal environment for aerobic microorganisms, with significant advantages.

[0086] Application Example 1 Adjust the proportion of auxiliary materials according to the type of fermented material, determine the appropriate application scheme, and ensure the optimal pile environment: (1) Used for fermentation of high-moisture materials The amount of garden waste-based fermentation additive added is 22%-25% of the mass of the high-moisture material; The high-moisture material is livestock and poultry manure with a moisture content of 75%-85%; after mixing the high-moisture material with auxiliary materials, the moisture content of the pile is controlled at 58%-62%, and the C / N ratio is 18-24:1; the pile undergoes aerobic fermentation and graded regeneration processes.

[0087] (2) Used for fermentation of medium-moisture materials The amount of garden waste-based fermentation additive should be 18%-20% of the mass of medium-moisture material. The medium-moisture material is kitchen waste with a moisture content of 60%-70%; after mixing the medium-moisture material and auxiliary materials, the moisture content of the pile is controlled at 55%-58%, and the C / N ratio is 25-30:1; the pile undergoes aerobic fermentation and graded regeneration processes.

[0088] (3) Used for fermentation of low-moisture materials The addition amount of garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material (hereinafter referred to as auxiliary material or fermentation auxiliary material) is 15%-17% of the mass of low-moisture material; The low-moisture material is straw with a moisture content of 15%-40%; after mixing the low-moisture material and auxiliary materials, the moisture content of the pile is controlled at 52%-55%, and the C / N ratio is 31-35:1; the pile undergoes aerobic fermentation and graded regeneration processes.

[0089] The graded regeneration process is the "screening and separation - cleaning air blowing - drying" process; Screening and separation: After fermentation, the composted material and auxiliary materials are separated by a drum screen with a mesh size of 5mm. Cleaning air blowing: The separated auxiliary materials are blown with 0.3MPa compressed air for 30s to remove the residues attached to the surface; Drying: After cleaning, the auxiliary materials are directly fed into a mesh belt dryer and dried at 80-90℃ for 30 minutes until the moisture content drops below 12%. They are then directly sent back to the auxiliary material silo for reuse. The regenerated auxiliary materials are directly recycled, and no regeneration wastewater or waste gas is generated throughout the entire process.

[0090] The supplementary strategy for garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants in this application is as follows: depending on the actual loss of garden waste-based fermentation adjuvants, a certain amount of new adjuvants is mixed into the new aerobic fermentation pile before each fermentation. The amount of new adjuvants added is 15-20% of the total mass of fermentation adjuvants required for this batch.

[0091] Generally, when the mass percentage of intact particles in the recycled auxiliary materials after screening is less than 80% (i.e., breakage rate > 20%), or its porosity decreases by more than 20%, or a simple compressive strength test shows a decrease in mechanical strength exceeding 20%, it is considered a significant loss, and new auxiliary materials need to be added according to the above proportions. Furthermore, if, during application, the highest temperature of the compost pile consistently falls below 55°C, or the fermentation cycle is extended by more than 20% compared to normal conditions, it also indicates the need to add new auxiliary materials to restore the compost pile's activity.

[0092] Application Example 2 Fermentation raw materials: livestock and poultry manure, with a moisture content of 78% and a C / N ratio of 20:1; Experimental group: Livestock and poultry manure was fermented. The livestock and poultry manure was mixed with the garden waste-based fermentation aids (hereinafter referred to as fermentation aids) prepared in Examples 1-3, and a pile was prepared. The dimensions of the pile were 5m long × 2m wide × 1m high, and the volume of the pile was 10m³. 3 The amount of fermentation additives added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure. During fermentation, the compost pile should be turned over every 3 days. If the fermentation temperature exceeds 55℃ for more than 3 days within the first 10 days of fermentation, the fermentation is considered successful (this criterion meets the requirements of the "Technical Specification for Aerobic Fermentation Treatment of Organic Solid Waste" (GB / T 38592-2020)). Fermentation continues until the temperature drops to 45℃, at which point fermentation ends. If the fermentation temperature exceeds 55℃ for less than 3 days within the first 10 days of fermentation, the fermentation is considered a failure, and the feedstock should be prepared again for fermentation.

[0093] Control group 1: Same as the experimental group, the only difference is that the fermentation auxiliary material is traditional organic straw; the length of the straw is 1-2cm and the moisture content is 20%; the amount of straw added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0094] Control group 2: Same as the experimental group, the only difference is that the fermentation auxiliary material is traditional inorganic vermiculite; the size of the vermiculite is 0.5-1cm; the amount of vermiculite added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0095] Control group 3: Same as the experimental group, except that the fermentation auxiliary material is the same as that in Comparative Example 1, which is straw-based fermentation auxiliary material; the amount of straw-based fermentation auxiliary material added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0096] Control group 4: Same as the experimental group, except that the fermentation auxiliary material is the same as that in Comparative Example 3; the amount of fermentation auxiliary material added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0097] Control group 5: Same as the experimental group, except that the fermentation auxiliary material is the same as that in control group 4; the amount of fermentation auxiliary material added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0098] Control group 6: Same as the experimental group, except that the fermentation auxiliary material is the same as that of control group 5; the amount of fermentation auxiliary material added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0099] Experimental period: A total of 6 fermentation cycles were conducted, and the results were tracked until the 6th reuse of the auxiliary material. The test results are shown in Table 2-4. According to Table 2-4, the garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material of the present invention can be reused, has low cost, and a high germination index of the decomposed material.

[0100] in: The germination index of seeds from composted materials was determined using the method specified in the "Technical Specification for Determination of Germination Index of Organic Fertilizer in Compost Production" (DB37 / T4135—2020).

[0101] The highest temperature of the reactor core was measured using a handheld temperature probe inserted into the middle of the core.

[0102] Cost calculation of auxiliary materials: The total cost of the auxiliary materials for the experimental group was 1,500 yuan / ton. The amount added was 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure (i.e. 20% of the mass of the pile). The auxiliary materials were calculated based on only being reused 6 times, so 1,500 yuan / ton * 20% / 6 = 50 yuan / ton of pile.

[0103] The market price of traditional straw auxiliary material is 375 yuan / ton. Traditional straw auxiliary material is only used once, and the amount added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure (that is, 20% of the mass of the pile). 375 yuan / ton * 20% = 75 yuan / ton of pile.

[0104] The market price of vermiculite is 400-500 yuan / ton. The amount added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure (that is, 20% of the mass of the pile). Based on 400 yuan, vermiculite is only used once, so 400 yuan / ton * 20% = 80 yuan / ton of pile.

[0105] Table 2 Fermentation Detection Results

[0106] Table 3 Fermentation detection results

[0107] Table 4 Fermentation Detection Results

[0108] As shown above, comparing the initial fermentation cycles (in days), the results revealed that the fermentation cycles of Examples 1-3 were shorter. This indicates that the unique "macropore-mesopore-micropore" three-level pore structure of the fermentation adjuvants in Examples 1-3 facilitates microbial biofilm formation and gas exchange, providing a better living environment for aerobic microorganisms, thus shortening the fermentation cycle and improving fermentation efficiency. In contrast, the fermentation cycle in Control Group 1 was longer because the traditional organic adjuvant, straw, has a loose structure and low strength, making it prone to breakage and collapse during fermentation, leading to a decrease in pile porosity and poor aeration. The fermentation cycle in Control Group 2 was also longer because vermiculite, being an inorganic adjuvant, has poor biocompatibility with microorganisms, resulting in a low microbial biofilm formation rate. Furthermore, its high pile density leads to low gas exchange efficiency and a slow fermentation process. In Comparative Example 1, the straw-based carbonized material was easily broken during turning and comminution, resulting in damage to the pore structure. In Comparative Example 2, the lack of in-situ pore-forming effect of sodium bicarbonate resulted in a single pore hierarchy, insufficient porosity, poor synergy between water retention and aeration, and an unfavorable microbial growth environment. In Comparative Example 3, the pore regulation effect of zeolite and sawdust was limited, and an ideal multi-level pore structure could not be formed. In Comparative Example 4, the combination of diatomaceous earth and corn cob did not have the same pore stability as the synergistic effect of perlite and sodium bicarbonate.

[0109] Comparing the 6th fermentation cycle (days), the results showed that the fermentation adjuvants in Examples 1-3 could be used 6 times, and the 6th fermentation cycle was only 2-3 days longer than the first. Through the synergistic effect of lignin fiber reinforcement and composite binder, a stable network framework was constructed, effectively resisting microbial erosion and mechanical wear, enabling reuse and significantly reducing fermentation costs. In contrast, control group 1 could only be reused once because the traditional organic adjuvant straw had low compressive strength, resulting in significant breakage and failure after the first fermentation and turning. Control group 2 could only be used once because, although vermiculite had a stable structure, it was easily adhered to and encapsulated after mixing with the fermentation material, and the pores were difficult to restore after blockage, losing its aeration function after a single use. In Comparative Example 1, the straw-based carbonized material lacked sufficient strength to support repeated use. In Comparative Example 2, perlite alone, as a pore-forming agent, lacked the pore-forming effect of sodium bicarbonate, resulting in fewer pores. Due to clogging during application, the porosity decreased significantly after multiple uses. In Comparative Example 3, the combination of zeolite and sawdust showed that sawdust was easily degraded, causing the structure to loosen with increasing use. In Comparative Example 4, corn cob also had the problem of easy degradation, resulting in insufficient long-term structural stability.

[0110] Comparing the seed germination index of the composted materials, the results showed that the seed germination index of the fermentation aids in Examples 1-3 was as high as 88% or more. This indicates that the fermentation products were thoroughly decomposed, and phytotoxic substances (such as small-molecule organic acids and ammonia) were effectively degraded, resulting in high fertilizer safety and quality. In contrast, the index in control group 1 was only 82.3±2.8, because the straw aid fermentation was insufficient, and some undecomposed coarse fiber and harmful substances remained in the composted material, slightly inhibiting seed germination. The index in control group 2 was only 75.6±2.5%, because vermiculite is an inorganic aid that cannot participate in the fermentation reaction and leads to uneven nutrient distribution in the compost pile, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency. Additionally, the inorganic components slightly affect the seed germination environment. In Comparative Example 1, the fermentation of straw-based carbonized material resulted in insufficient material decomposition and incomplete degradation of harmful substances. Consequently, the germination index was lower than that of the Example and slightly lower than that of Control Group 1. In Comparative Example 2, the fermentation of material controlled by perlite alone resulted in better material decomposition. However, due to poor synergy between aeration and water retention, fermentation was uneven in some areas, reducing the overall decomposition of the fermented material. In Comparative Examples 3-4, poor pore structure and degradation of some organic components also affected fermentation efficiency and the safety of the final product.

[0111] Comparing the highest temperatures of the fermentation admixtures, the results showed that the temperatures of the fermentation admixtures in Examples 1-3 reached over 66℃. This indicates that their porous structure provided ample oxygen and attachment sites for microorganisms, resulting in vigorous microbial metabolism, rapid heat production, and effective elimination of pathogens and other harmful organisms. In contrast, the temperature in Control Group 1 was only 62.3±2.1℃, because the straw admixtures were prone to collapse, leading to insufficient oxygen supply and limited microbial activity. Control Group 2's temperature was only 60.5±2.0℃, due to the poor biocompatibility of the inorganic materials, resulting in a low total number of microorganisms and weak heat production. The loose structure and tendency to collapse in Comparative Example 1 led to insufficient oxygen supply; the low total number and activity of microorganisms in Comparative Example 2; and the poor pore structure in Comparative Examples 3-5 resulted in limited oxygen supply or an unfavorable microbial growth environment, all of which restricted the increase in pile temperature.

[0112] Application Example 3 Fermentation raw materials: livestock and poultry manure, with a moisture content of 78% and a C / N ratio of 20:1; Experimental group: Livestock and poultry manure was fermented. The livestock and poultry manure was mixed with the garden waste-based fermentation aids (hereinafter referred to as fermentation aids) prepared in Examples 1-3, and a pile was prepared. The dimensions of the pile were 5m long × 2m wide × 1m high, and the volume of the pile was 10m³. 3 The amount of fermentation additives added is 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure. During fermentation, the pile should be turned over every 3 days. If the fermentation temperature exceeds 55℃ for more than 3 days in the first 10 days of fermentation, fermentation is considered successful, and fermentation continues until the temperature drops to 45℃. If the fermentation temperature exceeds 55℃ for less than 3 days in the first 10 days of fermentation, fermentation is considered a failure, and the ingredients should be prepared again for fermentation.

[0113] Control group 1: Same as the experimental group, except that the fermentation auxiliary material was straw-based carbonized material prepared in Comparative Example 1; the amount of straw-based carbonized material added was 25% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure.

[0114] The test results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that the garden waste-based fermentation additive of this invention exhibits a synergistic effect of "high biofilm formation + long lifespan," far exceeding that of other raw material-based carbonized materials. High biofilm formation refers to a large number of microorganisms.

[0115] Table 5 Fermentation Detection Results

[0116] If the porosity of the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant in this application is <30% or the mechanical strength decreases by >40%, it is recommended that it not be reused.

[0117] Among them: the number of microorganisms was statistically determined by plate counting method for aerobic fermentation functional bacteria such as Bacillus and Actinomycetes. The porosity (%) of the excipients was measured by ring cutter method according to the method specified in Appendix C of LY / T 1970-2011. The mechanical strength was determined according to GB / T 44750-2024 "Measurement of Compressive Strength of Particles".

[0118] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation additive based on garden waste, characterized in that, By weight, it includes: 55-65 parts of garden waste-based composite carbon material, 20-25 parts of lignin fiber reinforcement, 8-12 parts of composite binder and 5-8 parts of pore regulator; The garden waste-based composite carbon material has a fixed carbon content of ≥60%, a specific surface area of ​​250-300 m² / g, and a moisture content of ≤15%; the lignin fiber reinforcement has a length of 2-5 mm. The composite binder includes starch ether and bentonite; The pore control agent includes perlite and sodium bicarbonate.

2. The garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the lignin fiber reinforcement includes: crushing and sieving coarse materials with a diameter >2cm from garden waste to obtain particles with a length of 2-5mm, which are used as lignin fiber reinforcements; And / or, The preparation method of the garden waste-based composite carbon material includes: drying and carbonizing garden waste, cooling and then crushing it to obtain garden waste-based composite carbon material; the garden waste includes at least one of dead branches, fallen leaves and pruned branches; The drying process is carried out until the moisture content is ≤15%; the drying temperature is 100-120℃; the carbonization temperature is 500-600℃; the carbonization time is 30-40 minutes; the cooling temperature is below 50℃; the material is pulverized through a 40-60 mesh sieve and the sieve-passed material is used.

3. The garden waste-based fermentation additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of starch ether to bentonite in the composite binder is (1.5-2):1; the composite binder is applied after being mixed with water. And / or, The mass ratio of perlite to sodium bicarbonate in the pore regulator is (3-4):

1.

4. The garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-liquid ratio of the composite adhesive to water is 1g:(2.5-3.5)mL.

5. The method for preparing the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, include: After mixing garden waste-based composite carbon material, lignin fiber reinforcement, and pore control agent, the first material is obtained. After mixing the first material with the composite adhesive a second time, a second material is obtained; The second material is shaped and dried to obtain a garden waste-based fermentation auxiliary material.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first mixing speed is 20-40 r / min and the time is 2-4 min; the second mixing time is 3-5 min, the second mixing speed is 30-40 r / min, and the moisture content of the second material is 25%-35%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molding pressure is 6-8 MPa, and the time is 10-15 s; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃, and the time is 60-90 min.

8. The use of the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in at least one of the following: 1) Waste composting and / or fermentation; 2) Waste composting.

9. A method for composting and / or decomposing waste, characterized in that, The garden waste-based fermentation additive is mixed with the material to be composted or fermented and then fermented. The garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant is the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. A method for reusing fermentation admixtures based on garden waste, characterized in that, The method includes applying the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant and then screening, separating, cleaning with air blowing, and drying to achieve reuse; the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant is the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the garden waste-based fermentation adjuvant obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

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