Saline-alkali soil improver, method for preparing the same, and method for using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improver and its preparation method and use method, the saline-alkali soil improver comprises, according to percentage by weight, sludge 30-50%; green waste 30-50%; superphosphate 10-20%; fermented sheep manure 9-12%; EM bacteria 0.1-0.5%; bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.5%; trichoderma harzianum 0.1-0.5%; soybean meal 0.7-2%. The present application provides a saline-alkali soil improver, which is rich in beneficial bacteria and has biological activity; it is slightly acidic, can effectively neutralize the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil and reduce the soil PH value; the humic substances in the improver contain numerous active functional groups, which can promote the exchange of salt ions on the surface of soil particles, reduce the salt concentration in soil solution; it can improve the salt tolerance of plants, promote crop growth, regulate the microbial environment of plant roots, improve soil structure and increase soil permeability. It can reduce the bulk density of soil, inhibit the upward movement of capillary water, reduce water evaporation and salt surface aggregation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to a saline-alkali land conditioner and its preparation and application methods. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a general term for saline soil, alkaline soil, and various salinized and alkalized soils. It is widely distributed globally and represents a significant form of soil degradation. Since the development of agricultural economy, the management of saline-alkali land has been a persistent problem hindering agricultural development and production practices. Domestic and international research and exploration into saline-alkali land management are gradually deepening. Saline-alkali land is currently one of the most prevalent low- and medium-yield soil types in my country, representing a crucial land resource that influences the rise and fall of agriculture and the realization of sustainable development. It is also an important reserve land resource in my country, making its development and utilization increasingly important. Therefore, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil is related to my country's ecological civilization construction and the quality of life of its citizens. How to improve saline-alkali land to meet the needs of agricultural production and greening cultivation is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Saline-alkali land is a general term for saline and alkaline soils, a type of obstacle soil widely distributed around the world. Based on the severity of salinization, it is generally classified as mild, moderate, or severe saline-alkali soil. Currently, existing soil amendments suffer from poor improvement effects, lack of sustainability, and limited material composition and high cost, resulting in unsatisfactory performance and poor functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the present invention proposes a saline-alkali land conditioner based on urban sludge, green waste and beneficial soil bacteria, as well as its preparation method and application method.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising, by weight percentage:

[0006] 30-50% sludge;

[0007] Green waste accounts for 30-50%;

[0008] Superphosphate 10-20%;

[0009] Fermented sheep manure contains 9-12%;

[0010] EM bacteria 0.1-0.5%;

[0011] Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.5%;

[0012] Trichoderma harzianum 0.1-0.5%;

[0013] Soybean meal 0.7-2%.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sludge is domestic sewage treatment sludge.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the green waste consists of pruning debris and dead leaves less than 5cm in length.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the above-mentioned saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Materials required: Prepare sludge, green waste, superphosphate, fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal by weight percentage;

[0018] Preliminary mixing: Mix fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal evenly in advance;

[0019] Thorough mixing: Mix the above premix with the remaining materials evenly;

[0020] Moisture adjustment: Adjust the mixed materials to a water holding capacity of 60-65% to obtain fermented material;

[0021] Fermentation process: The fermentation material is covered with a film for fermentation. When the temperature is above 55°C, it is stirred once. The fermentation time is at least 30 days.

[0022] Product storage: After fermentation is complete, allow the improver to cool naturally and then pack it for storage in a well-ventilated and dry place for later use.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for using the above-mentioned saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Apply the soil conditioner at a ratio of 4:1 (soil volume ratio to conditioner), and add an additional 1.5 tons of desulfurized gypsum per acre;

[0025] Mix the soil conditioner thoroughly;

[0026] Establish a good drainage system to ensure that excess water can be drained quickly when the rainy season arrives;

[0027] The salt content in the soil is further reduced by rinsing the soil with large amounts of water at least twice.

[0028] Select suitable salt-tolerant plants for trial planting.

[0029] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the saline-alkali land conditioner, its preparation method, and its application method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention provides a saline-alkali land conditioner. The conditioner is rich in beneficial bacteria and possesses biological activity; it is slightly acidic, effectively neutralizing the alkalinity of saline-alkali land and lowering the soil pH; the humic substances in the conditioner contain numerous active functional groups that promote the exchange of salt ions on the surface of soil particles, reducing the salt concentration in the soil solution; the beneficial bacteria in the conditioner proliferate significantly during fermentation, improving plant salt tolerance, promoting crop growth, and regulating the root microbial environment; the conditioner is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other effective components, increasing soil porosity, retaining water and fertilizer, promoting aggregate formation, preventing soil compaction, improving soil quality, and enhancing soil fertility. When applied in combination with desulfurized gypsum, it effectively reduces the salt concentration in the soil solution, especially the concentration of sodium ions; increases soil fertility and prolongs fertilizer effectiveness; improves the physical and chemical properties and tillage of the soil; and through tilling, the soil and conditioner are thoroughly mixed, allowing dispersed soil particles to combine with the conditioner to form a stable aggregate structure. This improves soil structure and permeability. It reduces soil bulk density, inhibits capillary water rise, reduces water evaporation, and decreases salt accumulation. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0032] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising, by weight percentage:

[0033] 30-50% sludge;

[0034] Green waste accounts for 30-50%;

[0035] Superphosphate 10-20%;

[0036] Fermented sheep manure contains 9-12%;

[0037] EM bacteria 0.1-0.5%;

[0038] Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.5%;

[0039] Trichoderma harzianum 0.1-0.5%;

[0040] Soybean meal 0.7-2%.

[0041] This invention provides a saline-alkali land conditioner. The conditioner is rich in beneficial bacteria and possesses biological activity; it is slightly acidic, effectively neutralizing the alkalinity of saline-alkali land and lowering the soil pH; the humic substances in the conditioner contain numerous active functional groups that promote the exchange of salt ions on the surface of soil particles, reducing the salt concentration in the soil solution; the beneficial bacteria in the conditioner proliferate significantly during fermentation, improving plant salt tolerance, promoting crop growth, and regulating the root microbial environment; the conditioner is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other effective components, increasing soil porosity, retaining water and fertilizer, promoting aggregate formation, preventing soil compaction, improving soil quality, and enhancing soil fertility. When applied in combination with desulfurized gypsum, it effectively reduces the salt concentration in the soil solution, especially the concentration of sodium ions; increases soil fertility and prolongs fertilizer effectiveness; improves the physical and chemical properties and tillage of the soil; and through tilling, the soil and conditioner are thoroughly mixed, allowing dispersed soil particles to combine with the conditioner to form a stable aggregate structure. This improves soil structure and permeability. It reduces soil bulk density, inhibits capillary water rise, reduces water evaporation, and decreases salt accumulation.

[0042] EM (Effective Microorganisms) is a complex microbial preparation composed of approximately 80 microorganisms. It includes photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes, among others. These microorganisms work together in appropriate proportions and fermentation processes to form a complex, stable, and fully functional microbial community. The main mechanism of action of EM is to create a dominant community of beneficial microorganisms, which compete with pathogenic microorganisms for nutrients, thereby controlling the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and their invasion of crops. It easily survives and reproduces in the soil, helping to improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and ultimately achieve the production of organic agricultural products and sustainable development. It can also produce antimicrobial substances to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms.

[0043] Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium widely distributed in soil and decaying organic matter. Under suitable conditions, Bacillus subtilis can form spores, which are highly resistant and can survive in extreme environments. Bacillus subtilis has applications in wastewater treatment and bio-fertilizer fermentation, helping to improve water quality and treat organic waste in soil.

[0044] *Trichoderma harzianum* plays a significant role in plant protection, controlling various plant diseases such as wheat sheath blight, cucumber *Fusarium oxysporum*, and tomato gray mold. *Trichoderma harzianum* exerts its control by secreting antagonistic chemicals such as antimicrobial peptides and pyranone antibiotics, and by inhibiting or dissolving host hyphae through hyperparasitism. The mechanism of action of *Trichoderma harzianum* mainly includes competitive action, hyperparasitism, and antibiotic action. It grows around the plant rhizosphere, forming a protective shield against root pathogens and secreting enzymes and antibiotics to decompose the cell walls of pathogens. Furthermore, *Trichoderma harzianum* can improve the root microenvironment, enhance plant growth and disease resistance, and increase crop yield and profitability. In recent years, the application of *Trichoderma harzianum* in biological control has been widely researched and promoted. For example, it can be applied through foliar or seed treatment, root soaking, and soil treatment to promote healthy crop growth and improve resistance to environmental stress.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sludge is domestic sewage treatment sludge.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the green waste consists of pruning debris and dead leaves less than 5cm in length.

[0047] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the above-mentioned saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Materials required: Prepare sludge, green waste, superphosphate, fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal by weight percentage;

[0049] Preliminary mixing: Mix fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal evenly in advance;

[0050] Thorough mixing: Mix the above premix with the remaining materials evenly;

[0051] Moisture adjustment: Adjust the mixed materials to a water holding capacity of 60-65% to obtain fermented material;

[0052] Fermentation process: The fermentation material is covered with a film for fermentation. When the temperature is above 55°C, it is stirred once. The fermentation time is at least 30 days.

[0053] Product storage: After fermentation is complete, allow the improver to cool naturally and then pack it for storage in a well-ventilated and dry place for later use.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the saline-alkali land conditioner specifically includes:

[0055] Materials preparation:

[0056] Collect and screen sludge and green waste that meet the requirements.

[0057] Purchase qualified superphosphate, fermented sheep manure, and soybean meal.

[0058] Prepare microbial preparations such as EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum.

[0059] Preliminary mixing:

[0060] Use a mechanical mixer to premix fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and soybean meal evenly to ensure that the microbial preparations are in full contact with the organic materials.

[0061] Fully Mixed:

[0062] Place the premixed material and the remaining materials (sludge, green waste, superphosphate) into a rotary mixer or other suitable equipment and mix thoroughly until all components are evenly distributed.

[0063] Moisture regulation:

[0064] Measure the moisture content of the mixed materials, and gradually add water while continuously monitoring the moisture content until the target moisture holding capacity of 60-65% is reached.

[0065] Fermentation process:

[0066] The mixture with adjusted moisture is piled up or placed in a dedicated fermentation tank.

[0067] Cover the entire surface with a plastic film to maintain temperature and prevent moisture evaporation.

[0068] A temperature monitoring device is installed, and the reactor core is stirred when the internal temperature rises above 55°C to promote oxygen circulation and uniform heating.

[0069] The entire fermentation cycle lasts at least 30 days, during which time it needs to be turned over multiple times to ensure good fermentation results.

[0070] Finished product storage:

[0071] After fermentation is complete, allow the improver to cool naturally, then package and store it in a well-ventilated and dry place for later use.

[0072] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for using the above-mentioned saline-alkali land conditioner is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0073] Apply the soil conditioner at a ratio of 4:1 (soil volume ratio to conditioner), and add an additional 1.5 tons of desulfurized gypsum per acre;

[0074] Mix the soil conditioner thoroughly;

[0075] Establish a good drainage system to ensure that excess water can be drained quickly when the rainy season arrives;

[0076] The salt content in the soil is further reduced by rinsing the soil with large amounts of water at least twice.

[0077] Select suitable salt-tolerant plants for trial planting.

[0078] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the saline-alkali land conditioner specifically includes:

[0079] Application rate calculation:

[0080] Calculate the required amount of soil conditioner based on the plot area and the ratio of soil volume to conditioner of 4:1.

[0081] An additional 1.5 tons of desulfurized gypsum will be added per acre.

[0082] Soil and amendment mixture:

[0083] Spread the modifier evenly over the entire area to be treated.

[0084] At the same time, the pre-calculated amount of desulfurized gypsum is added to the soil layer.

[0085] Use a plow or other mechanical means to thoroughly till the soil, allowing the soil conditioner to fully integrate with the existing soil. A depth of 20-30 centimeters is recommended.

[0086] Establish a drainage system:

[0087] By employing underground drainage pipe networks or surface drainage ditch designs, excess water in the soil can be quickly drained, preventing water accumulation that could lead to the re-accumulation of salt.

[0088] Washing salt with large amounts of water:

[0089] The treated land was subjected to large-scale irrigation, repeated at least twice, with several days between each attempt, in order to wash away the salts dissolved in the water.

[0090] Suitable crops to plant:

[0091] Select suitable salt-tolerant plants for trial planting based on the specific conditions of the improved soil, such as certain types of pasture grasses or specific vegetable varieties.

[0092] The saline-alkali land conditioner, its preparation method, and its application method provided by this invention, through scientific formulation, can significantly reduce soil salinity and improve soil structure. The microorganisms used in the preparation process help improve soil biological activity and enhance soil fertility. The simple and easy-to-use method makes this conditioner easy to promote and apply. A well-designed drainage system can effectively prevent salt re-accumulation, ensuring long-term improvement effects.

[0093] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below through preferred embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments in the following text are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] Sludge 40%, green waste 38%, superphosphate 10%, fermented sheep manure 10%, EM bacteria 0.3%, Bacillus subtilis 0.2%, Trichoderma harzianum 0.2%, soybean meal 1.3%.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] Sludge 30%, green waste 40%, superphosphate 18%, fermented sheep manure 10%, EM bacteria 0.4%, Bacillus subtilis 0.3%, Trichoderma harzianum 0.3%, soybean meal 1%.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] Sludge 45%, green waste 30%, superphosphate 10%, fermented sheep manure 12%, EM bacteria 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis 0.5%, Trichoderma harzianum 0.5%, soybean meal 1.5%.

[0100] Experiment Example 4

[0101] Sludge 35%, green waste 35%, superphosphate 19%, fermented sheep manure 9%, EM bacteria 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis 0.2%, Trichoderma harzianum 0.5%, soybean meal 0.8%.

[0102] Experimental Example 5

[0103] Sludge 45%, green waste 30%, superphosphate 10%, fermented sheep manure 12%, EM bacteria 0.2%, Bacillus subtilis 0.3%, Trichoderma harzianum 0.5%, soybean meal 2%.

[0104] The saline-alkali land conditioner prepared in Examples 1-5 was used as experimental groups 1-5. No conditioner was applied, and the land was left in its original state as control group 1. Only desulfurized gypsum was applied at a rate of 1.5 tons per acre, without any conditioner, as control group 2. These were the experimental samples.

[0105] Seven saline-alkali land plots with similar conditions were selected as experimental areas to ensure that the initial conditions (such as soil type, salinity, topography, etc.) of each plot were basically the same. Each plot had an area of ​​100 square meters and was numbered and marked.

[0106] Before the experiment began, soil samples were taken from multiple points in each plot for initial analysis, and data such as soil pH, EC value, and organic matter content were recorded.

[0107] The appropriate ratio of soil conditioner was evenly spread on the experimental plots and mixed with the soil at a ratio of 4:1. At the same time, 1.5 tons of desulfurized gypsum were added per acre.

[0108] Use a plow or other mechanical means to thoroughly till the soil, allowing the soil conditioner to fully integrate with the existing soil. A depth of 20-30 cm is recommended.

[0109] The same underground drainage system or surface drainage ditch was constructed on all experimental plots to ensure good drainage performance.

[0110] Two large-scale salt-washing operations were performed on all experimental plots, with several days between each operation, to flush away the salt dissolved in the water. The same salt-tolerant alfalfa seeds were sown on all plots.

[0111] Maintain the same field management practices such as irrigation and fertilization, and ensure that all conditions are consistent except for the amendment.

[0112] Soil samples were collected regularly, and soil pH, EC, organic matter content, and other indicators were monitored and recorded. Plant growth was observed and recorded, including seedling emergence rate, plant height, leaf color, and root development. All monitoring data, including changes in soil physicochemical properties and plant growth status, were collected. Data from the control and experimental groups were compared to analyze the effects of different component ratios of the soil amendment. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Table 1. Experimental data of the modifiers in Examples 1-5

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 1, the soil pH values ​​in all experimental groups decreased significantly, indicating that the soil conditioner helped reduce soil alkalinity. The EC values ​​in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group, with experimental groups 1 and 2 showing the best performance. The organic matter content in the experimental groups generally increased, indicating that the conditioner improved soil fertility. The seedling emergence rate in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, especially in experimental groups 1 and 2. The plant height in the experimental groups was generally higher than that in the control group, indicating that the conditioner promoted plant growth.

[0117] This indicates that different proportions of saline-alkali soil conditioners exhibit varying effects in reducing soil salinity, improving soil structure, and enhancing crop growth. Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed particularly significant effects, demonstrating that a higher proportion of sludge and green waste, along with appropriate amounts of superphosphate and fermented sheep manure, can more effectively improve soil conditions in saline-alkali land.

[0118] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, characterized in that, By weight percentage, including: 30-50% sludge; Green waste accounts for 30-50%; Superphosphate 10-20%; Fermented sheep manure contains 9-12%; EM bacteria 0.1-0.5%; Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.5%; Trichoderma harzianum 0.1-0.5%; Soybean meal 0.7-2%.

2. The saline-alkali land conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge is sewage sludge from domestic wastewater treatment.

3. The saline-alkali land conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green waste refers to pruning debris and dead leaves smaller than 5cm.

4. A method for preparing the saline-alkali land conditioner according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Materials required: Prepare sludge, green waste, superphosphate, fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal by weight percentage; Preliminary mixing: Mix fermented sheep manure, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and soybean meal evenly in advance; Thorough mixing: Mix the above premix with the remaining materials evenly; Moisture adjustment: Adjust the mixed materials to a water holding capacity of 60-65% to obtain fermented material; Fermentation process: The fermentation material is covered with a film for fermentation. When the temperature is above 55°C, it is stirred once. The fermentation time is at least 30 days. Product storage: After fermentation is complete, allow the improver to cool naturally and then pack it for storage in a well-ventilated and dry place for later use.

5. A method of using the saline-alkali land conditioner according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply the soil conditioner at a ratio of 4:1 (soil volume ratio to conditioner), and add an additional 1.5 tons of desulfurized gypsum per acre; Mix the soil conditioner thoroughly; Establish a good drainage system to ensure that excess water can be drained quickly when the rainy season arrives; The salt content in the soil is further reduced by rinsing the soil with large amounts of water at least twice. Select suitable salt-tolerant plants for trial planting.

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