A speed locking type friction pendulum bearing provided with a surrounding wing and a variable slope damping ball pendulum

Abstract

The application discloses a speed locking type friction pendulum bearing provided with a surrounding wing and a variable slope point damping ball pendulum, which comprises upper and lower bearing plates, a damping ball pendulum and a speed locker, and is characterized in that the outer edge of the damping ball pendulum is provided with a surrounding wing with a triangular cross section, and the triangular shape is gradually changed into a circular arc shape from the damping ball pendulum to the surrounding wing; the spherical groove of the lower bearing plate is provided with a variable slope point and an inner edge, and the variable slope point is changed from a spherical curve into a straight line to the inner edge of the lower bearing plate. Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages of avoiding the occurrence of bridge resonance and better hysteresis energy dissipation capacity. When an earthquake occurs and reaches a certain magnitude, the shear bolts for fixing the damping ball pendulum are sheared off, when the swing amplitude of the damping ball pendulum reaches or exceeds the variable slope point P, the friction force between the surrounding wing and the spherical groove of the lower bearing plate is sharply increased, the isolation and energy dissipation performance of the bridge is improved, the safety of the bridge during the earthquake is protected, and the application can be applied to more extensive seismic excitation and structural conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge vibration damping bearing technology, and in particular to a velocity-locking friction pendulum bearing with a surrounding wing and a slope-changing point vibration damping spherical pendulum. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are crucial structural components on bridges, responsible for bearing vertical loads and transmitting horizontal forces. During earthquakes, they must also withstand the destructive forces, playing a role in seismic resistance, vibration reduction, and energy dissipation. Seismic forces generally correspond to two stages: E1 seismic action, which corresponds to elasticity, and E2 seismic action, which corresponds to ductility. Therefore, new seismic design requirements have been introduced for bridge bearings. In addition to employing an elastic seismic design system to cope with E1 seismic action, they must also meet the seismic design requirements for bridges under E2 seismic action, namely, a ductile system and a seismic isolation system.

[0003] The existing seismic design systems for various bearings mainly suffer from the following problems: 1) Existing ordinary spherical bearings and pot bearings can meet the normal use of bridges, but under seismic action, the piers with fixed bearings bear the majority of the longitudinal horizontal seismic force, while the piers with sliding bearings only bear part of the horizontal friction force. This places very high demands on the piers with fixed bearings and the subfoundations, resulting in a situation where "one pier is overly dominant," which is neither economical nor reasonable.

[0004] 2) Commonly used rubber-type seismic isolation bearings, such as lead-core rubber bearings and high-damping bearings, although possessing seismic isolation functions, have relatively low yield strength. In areas with high seismic intensity and poor site conditions, the bearings yield during the E1 seismic loading stage, making it impossible to achieve elastic seismic design under E1 seismic loading. Furthermore, rubber products are prone to aging and have a short lifespan, resulting in poor practicality and economy for these bearings.

[0005] 3) Commonly used friction pendulum seismic isolation bearings, under normal temperature and vehicle impact, cause the beam to continuously rise or fall, resulting in constant changes in the stress points and directions transmitted from the beam to the piers, thus shortening the bridge's service life. When an earthquake occurs, after the shear bolts of the friction pendulum bearing break, it starts to swing from point "O," but its swing period is fixed, which can easily cause resonance in the structure and cause new, uncertain, and more serious damage to the bridge structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a velocity-locking friction pendulum bearing with a winged spherical pendulum and a slope-changing point. This novel velocity-locking friction pendulum seismic isolation and energy-dissipating bearing utilizes a winged spherical pendulum and a slope-changing point (P) to improve the seismic isolation and energy dissipation performance of bridges, thus protecting their safety during earthquakes. The main components of this velocity-locking friction pendulum bearing, arranged from top to bottom, include an upper support plate, a middle liner plate, a winged spherical pendulum, a retaining ring, and a slope-changing point (P) damping recess. The retaining ring is bolted to the damping recess, thus securing the winged spherical pendulum. When an earthquake occurs and reaches a certain magnitude, the shear bolts on the retaining ring securing the winged spherical pendulum will be sheared, causing the winged spherical pendulum to oscillate on the damping recess while dissipating seismic energy. During moderate earthquakes, to protect the bridge structure, the shear bolts on the retaining rings will shear off, and the winged damping ball pendulum will oscillate in a limited arc within a small range, providing limited seismic isolation and energy dissipation. When the earthquake reaches a larger magnitude, the oscillation range of the winged damping ball pendulum increases dramatically. When the amplitude of the oscillation reaches or exceeds the slope change point on the concave seat, the small arc-shaped trajectory of the wing tip changes from a circular curve to tangent to a straight line, and then rises along the straight slope. The winged damping ball pendulum oscillates on the damping concave seat while simultaneously dissipating seismic energy. Sliding friction occurs on the straight slope of the damping concave seat, increasing frictional energy dissipation. As the slope of the straight line increases, the frictional force also increases dramatically. This effectively improves the bridge's seismic isolation and energy dissipation performance, protecting the bridge's safety during earthquakes. The added wing and slope-changing point structure of this invention does not affect the normal basic function of the bearing. It has a simple structure, is easy to process, and is quick and easy to install. It can be used not only for the renovation of new and old municipal and highway bridges, but also for rail transit projects, urban viaducts, and industrial and civil building structures. It can also be used on any other type of bearing. It can meet the seismic resistance requirements of bridges under different levels of earthquake action, effectively improving the seismic resistance and energy dissipation performance of bridges, and playing a vital role in protecting... Protect bridges from damage or minimize damage during earthquakes.

[0007] The specific technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is: a velocity-locking friction pendulum support with a wing and a slope-changing point, comprising upper and lower support plates, an upper liner, a middle liner, a shock-absorbing pendulum, and velocity lockers disposed on both sides of the upper support plate. Its characteristic is that the outer edge of the spherical surface at the lower end of the shock-absorbing pendulum has a wing with a triangular cross-section, the triangular cross-section gradually transitioning from the shock-absorbing pendulum to an arc shape; the lower support plate is a spherical recess with a slope-changing point and an inner edge, the slope-changing point being formed by… The spherical curve abruptly changes to a straight line and extends to the inner edge; the upper support plate is set on the damping ball pendulum by a spherical crown liner, and the damping ball pendulum is set on the lower support plate by a retaining ring and an anti-shear bolt. The retaining ring and the damping ball pendulum are fitted together, and the anti-shear bolt is fixedly connected to the lower support plate; the spherical crown liner is fitted inside the flange of the upper support plate and is spherically slidably connected to the damping ball pendulum, and the spherical crown liner and the upper support plate are planar slidably connected; one end of the speed lock is hinged to the upper support plate by a lug, and the other end is hinged to the damping ball pendulum by a lug.

[0008] The lower end of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum has an embedded second curved surface friction pair on its spherical surface. This friction pair allows the shock-absorbing ball pendulum to slide in a sliding fit from the center point of the spherical concave seat on the lower support plate to the slope point, while from the slope point to the inner edge, the wing and the spherical concave seat slide in a sliding fit.

[0009] The change-slope point is a curve where the spherical curve abruptly changes into a straight line or other curvature; the change-slope point is where the straight line is tangent to the curve or the curve is tangent to the curve, and the tangency is either first-order continuous or second-order discontinuous.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects and significant technical progress: 1) It can realize the seismic design concept of bridges under different levels of earthquake action. Small earthquake action requires the adoption of an elastic seismic design system, and the bridge piers and supports rely on their own stiffness to jointly resist the horizontal force of the earthquake.

[0011] 2) Under slightly larger seismic forces, the bearings are triggered to enter a seismic isolation and energy dissipation mode. As the seismic force increases, the potential energy of the bearings increases, and the friction also increases. At this time, the friction pendulum bearings simultaneously enter a more efficient seismic isolation and energy dissipation working state, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of bridge resonance during an earthquake, and has better hysteretic energy dissipation capabilities, making it applicable to a wider range of seismic excitations and structural conditions.

[0012] 3) It saves on engineering costs and guides the design, construction, maintenance, and research of friction pendulum bearings and similar seismic isolation devices for municipal highways and rail transit bridges in my country, reducing secondary disasters caused by bridge damage and better protecting people's lives and property. It effectively avoids bridge resonance and has better hysteretic energy dissipation capacity, making it applicable to a wider range of seismic excitation and structural conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a shock-absorbing ball pendulum structure; Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the change in the relative position of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum and its support; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the surrounding wings being tangent at the slope change point. Detailed Implementation

[0014] See Figure 1 The present invention includes upper and lower support plates 1 and 4, a spherical crown liner 2, a shock-absorbing spherical pendulum 3, and speed locks 5 disposed on both sides of the upper support plate 1, as well as a shock-absorbing support composed of a retaining ring 9 and shear bolts 11. The lower support plate 4 is a spherical concave seat with a slope change point P and an inner edge 8. The slope change point P changes abruptly from a spherical curve to a straight line and extends to the inner edge 8. The upper support plate 1 is disposed on the shock-absorbing spherical pendulum 3 by the spherical crown liner 2, and the shock-absorbing support is secured by the retaining ring 9 and the shear bolts 11. The vibrating ball pendulum 3 is mounted on the lower support plate 4. The retaining ring 9 and the vibration-damping ball pendulum 3 are fitted together. The shear bolt 11 is fixedly connected to the lower support plate 4. The spherical crown liner 2 is fitted inside the flange 6 of the upper support plate 1 and is spherically slidably connected to the vibration-damping ball pendulum 3. The spherical crown liner 2 and the upper support plate 1 are planar slidably connected. The speed lock 5 is mounted on both sides of the upper support plate 1 and is hinged to the upper support plate 1 by a lug. The other end of the speed lock 5 is hinged to the vibration-damping ball pendulum 3 by a lug.

[0015] See Figures 2-3 The outer edge of the lower spherical surface of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 is provided with a triangular wing 7, the triangle gradually transitioning from the outer edge of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 to the arc shape of the wing 7.

[0016] See Figure 4 The spherical crown liner 2 and the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 are provided with a first curved surface friction pair 13, and the spherical crown liner 2 and the upper support plate 1 are provided with a planar friction pair 12; the lower end of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 is provided with an embedded second curved surface friction pair 10, which makes the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 slide in contact with the second curved surface friction pair 10 from the center point 0 of the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4 to the slope point p, while from the slope point p to the inner edge 8, the wing 7 and the spherical concave seat slide in contact directly.

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Example

[0018] See Figure 1The present invention comprises, from top to bottom, an upper support plate 1, a spherical crown liner 2, a shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7, a retaining ring 9, and a lower support plate 4 with a slope change point P. The retaining ring 9 is fitted onto the surrounding wings 7 of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3. The retaining ring 9 fixes the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 to the lower support plate 4 with a spherical concave seat by shear bolts 11. When an earthquake occurs and reaches a certain magnitude, the shear bolts 11 on the retaining ring 9 that fixes the movement of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 will be sheared, and the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 will swing on the spherical concave seat at the slope change point P, thereby consuming earthquake energy. The bottom surface of the upper support plate 1 is a plane; the top surface of the spherical crown liner 2 is a plane and is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper support plate 1. A planar friction pair 12 is provided on the contact surface.

[0019] The lower support plate 4 is a spherical concave seat with a slope change point P and an inner edge 8. The center point 0 of the spherical concave seat to the slope change point P is the sliding fit of the second curved surface friction pair 10 between the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 and the spherical concave seat. The sliding fit from the slope change point P to the inner edge 8 is the sliding fit of the surrounding wing 7 of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 directly fitting the spherical concave seat.

[0020] Furthermore, the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 is cylindrical, with its upper part being a concave spherical surface that matches the bottom surface of the spherical cap liner 2; the convex spherical surface of the bottom surface of the spherical cap liner 2 contacts the concave spherical surface of the upper part of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3, and a matching first curved friction pair 13 is provided on the contact surface, allowing slight rotation between the two components; the lower part of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 is provided with a convex spherical surface that matches the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4, and a second curved friction pair 10 is provided on the convex spherical surface. When an earthquake occurs, the shear bolt 11 on the retaining ring 9 that fixes the movement of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 is sheared, causing the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 to swing on the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4; the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4 and the convex spherical surface of the lower part of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 are curvedly matched.

[0021] See Figures 4-5 The lower end of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 is provided with an embedded second curved surface friction pair 10. This friction pair makes the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 slide in contact with the second curved surface friction pair 10 from the center point 0 of the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4 to the slope point p. From the slope point p to the inner edge 8 (i.e. edge point K), it is a sliding contact between the wing 7 and the spherical concave seat.

[0022] The shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 has an irregular shape near its lower cylindrical edge, with raised surrounding wings 7 around its perimeter. The cross-section of the surrounding wings 7 is triangular, and the connection between the wing 7 and the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 is thicker, gradually transitioning to a thinner shape until the top is a small arc. From the slope change point P, the curvature of the spherical concave seat changes abruptly, transitioning from a curve to a straight line. This straight line extends from the slope change point P to the edge point K of the spherical concave seat, and its length, slope change degree, and method can be designed according to different needs and application conditions. When the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 with surrounding wings 7 swings on the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4 during an earthquake, the small arc at the top of the surrounding wings 7 of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum 3 will be tangent to the straight line of the spherical concave seat and slide friction will occur. This friction increases with the longer the distance and the steeper the slope. In other words, the longer the small arc on the wing 7 slides and rubs on the spherical concave seat, the more energy is consumed.

[0023] See Figures 4-5 The control effects of this invention on bridges under normal use and under seismic loading at different levels are as follows: 1) Under normal bridge use conditions, the relative speed of pier-beam deformation caused by temperature difference and vehicle braking force is very slow, and will not cause the damping ball pendulum 3 with wing 7 to swing on the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4, thus meeting the requirements for normal bridge use. Under smaller earthquakes, the deformation between the pier and beam will generate a faster speed, causing the speed locking device 5 to lock the upper support plate 1 and the damping ball pendulum 3 instantaneously. At this time, the shear bolt 11 of the retaining ring 9 has not yet been damaged, making the support temporarily a seismic support. Since the seismic force is not large at this time, the support and the pier jointly resist the external seismic force, thus realizing the concept of elastic seismic design in stage E1.

[0024] 2) Under E2 earthquake action, the velocity locker 5 continues to function. After locking the support, when an earthquake occurs and reaches a certain magnitude, the shear bolt 11 on the retaining ring 9 that restricts the movement of the damping ball pendulum 3 will be sheared. The damping ball pendulum 3 with the surrounding wing 7 will then swing on the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4, consuming earthquake energy. At this time, if the magnitude of the earthquake is not large enough, the damping ball pendulum 3 with the surrounding wing 7 will only swing in a small range near the "0" point of the spherical concave seat of the lower support plate 4. At this time, the support will become a seismic isolation support with a small energy consumption function. If the magnitude of the earthquake further increases, the swing range of the damping ball pendulum 3 will increase simultaneously, and the small arc on its surrounding wing 7 will also increase its swing range. The trajectory of the small arc on the surrounding wing 7 of the damping ball pendulum 3 will cross the spherical curve segment to become tangent to the straight line, and will slide against it on the straight slope segment of the spherical concave seat, triggering the support to enter the seismic isolation support + energy consumption mode. As the slope of the straight line increases, the potential energy of the support increases, and the friction also increases. At this time, the friction pendulum support simultaneously enters a more efficient state of vibration reduction and energy dissipation. Since potential energy and friction do negative work on seismic forces, they can greatly reduce the destructive force of seismic forces on bridges. The energy dissipation form and principle of the small arc on the wing 7 of the damping spherical pendulum 3 on the slope section of the spherical concave seat are similar to the form of emergency escape lanes / dedicated slow lanes for out-of-control vehicles on mountain highways. On continuous long and steep downhill sections of mountain highways, in order to provide a last line of defense for trucks with brake failure due to overheating, a dedicated uphill lane is added on the outside of the main line, paved with high-friction gravel, with anti-collision facilities at the end, so that trucks with brake failure due to overheating can rush onto the emergency escape lane. The function of an emergency escape lane is to quickly transition from a long downhill slope to an uphill slope (increasing potential energy). The resistance increases rapidly, and the vehicle's kinetic energy is quickly converted into potential energy. Combined with the friction of loose gravel, the kinetic energy is quickly dissipated, so that people and vehicles can safely evacuate from vehicles with overheated brakes traveling at high speeds, without causing fatal accidents.

[0025] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A velocity-locking friction pendulum support for a ball pendulum with surrounding wings and a variable slope point for shock absorption, comprising: A shock-absorbing support consisting of upper and lower support plates, a spherical crown liner, a shock-absorbing spherical pendulum, and velocity lockers disposed on both sides below the upper support plate, characterized in that the outer edge of the lower spherical surface of the shock-absorbing spherical pendulum is provided with a triangular cross-section wing, the triangular cross-section gradually transitioning from the outer edge of the shock-absorbing spherical pendulum to an arc shape towards the top of the wing; the lower support plate is a spherical concave seat with a slope change point and an inner edge, the slope change point abruptly changing from a spherical curve to a straight line and extending to the inner edge; the upper support plate is composed of a spherical crown... The liner is mounted on the damping ball pendulum, which is mounted on the lower support plate by a retaining ring and shear bolts, and is slidably connected to the lower support plate; the retaining ring is fitted onto the wing of the damping ball pendulum and is fixedly connected to the lower support plate by shear bolts; the spherical crown liner is fitted into the flange of the upper support plate and is spherically slidably connected to the damping ball pendulum, and is planarly slidably connected to the upper support plate; the speed lock is hinged at both ends to the upper support plate and the damping ball pendulum by lugs respectively.

2. The velocity-locking friction pendulum support with surrounding wings and a variable slope point for damping the spherical pendulum as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The change-slope point is where the spherical curve abruptly changes into a straight line or other types of curves.

3. The velocity-locking friction pendulum support with surrounding wings and a variable slope point for damping the spherical pendulum as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the shock-absorbing ball pendulum has an embedded second curved surface friction pair on its spherical surface. This friction pair allows the shock-absorbing ball pendulum to slide in a sliding fit from the center point of the spherical concave seat on the lower support plate to the slope point, while from the slope point to the inner edge, the wing and the spherical concave seat slide in a sliding fit.

4. The velocity-locking friction pendulum support with surrounding wings and a variable slope point for damping the spherical pendulum according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The slope change point is where a straight line is tangent to a curve or a curve is tangent to another curve, and this tangency is either first-order continuous or second-order discontinuous.

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