Mountainous river water intake and diversion method

Abstract

The application discloses a mountainous river water taking and leading method, characterized in that the water surface of an upstream river is raised, and the river water is led to a water leading channel which is higher than the water surface of a downstream river channel, so that the silt is directly discharged back to the downstream river channel after being precipitated in the water leading channel, and the water is taken. The special method can realize the water taking and the natural silt precipitation and removal by gravity, can improve the convenience of silt precipitation and removal, can ensure the stability of the water taking and silt removing effects, and greatly reduces the silt treatment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of river water intake and diversion engineering technology, specifically to a method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers. Background Technology

[0002] Mountain rivers are often characterized by abundant and coarse sand. Various water diversion projects, such as those for drinking water for humans and livestock, irrigation, or water intake for small and medium-sized power stations, all involve various technical issues related to sand prevention and mitigation of sediment hazards. These projects extensively employ bottom-grid barriers for sand control during water diversion. Alternatively, during water intake, river water is guided through diversion channels to specialized sedimentation tanks or vortex sedimentation basins to settle the sediment. However, the settled sediment needs to be periodically removed and cleaned using sludge pumps and other devices, making sedimentation treatment extremely inconvenient.

[0003] Therefore, developing a technology that can more conveniently remove sediment to facilitate water intake from rivers has become a problem that needs to be considered and solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a water intake and diversion method for mountain rivers that can more conveniently achieve sedimentation and removal of sediment.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers is characterized by raising the water level upstream of the river and diverting the river water from the high point to a diversion channel whose bottom is higher than the water level downstream. After the sediment settles in the diversion channel, it is directly discharged back into the downstream river channel to achieve water intake.

[0006] This method allows sediment to settle and be discharged directly into the downstream river channel by its own weight, eliminating the need for additional devices such as sludge pumps for regular cleaning, thus achieving more convenient sediment removal.

[0007] Furthermore, this method relies on a mountain river water intake system, which includes a water-retaining and diversion dam set along the cross-section of the river channel. A collection channel is set along the length of the water-retaining and diversion dam. One end of the collection channel is connected to a water diversion channel set on the riverbank downstream of the water-retaining and diversion dam. A sedimentation and siltation guiding structure is set in the water diversion channel. A sediment discharge hole is opened on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the bottom of the sedimentation and siltation guiding structure. The height of the sediment discharge hole is higher than the water level of the river channel downstream of the water-retaining and diversion dam.

[0008] In this way, the water-retaining dam is used to raise the water level of the upstream river channel. After the water is raised, when it flows over the dam, some of the river water enters the collection channel and then the diversion canal. The sediment is guided to settle by the sediment-guiding sedimentation structure, and then the settled sediment is discharged directly back into the downstream river channel through the sediment discharge outlet. Therefore, the self-discharge of sediment is achieved without the need for additional devices.

[0009] Furthermore, the downstream side of the upper end of the collection channel is inclined downward, and a permeable grid is provided to cover the channel opening.

[0010] This allows water to be drawn in while preventing debris from entering the collection tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the collection channel near the downstream side has a first inclined surface that slopes downward in one direction along the water diversion direction of the collection channel, and the bottom surface of the collection channel near the upstream side has a second inclined surface that slopes downward in both directions along the water diversion direction of the collection channel and the river flow direction. The lower side of the second inclined surface is connected to the edge of the first inclined surface.

[0012] In this way, a cross-section with a constant flow velocity can be formed in the collection channel as much as possible, so that silt does not accumulate in the collection channel.

[0013] Furthermore, sand discharge holes for the collecting channel are also provided at intervals on the lower part of the inner wall of the downstream side.

[0014] This facilitates the removal of bedload and suspended sediment with high sand content that move near the bottom, achieving initial sediment removal and reducing the pressure of subsequent sediment removal.

[0015] Furthermore, a switch valve is installed at the sand discharge port of the collection channel. When the river flow is very low, the switch valve can be closed to ensure the water diversion flow.

[0016] Furthermore, an upward-sloping overflow weir is formed on the upstream side surface of the collection channel opening. Water-breaking wedges are installed evenly at intervals along the length of the overflow weir. The water-breaking wedges are vertical plate-like structures in the direction of water flow and the upper side is an inclined slope or curved surface.

[0017] This is because when the water flow is rapid, a water tongue phenomenon forms under the action of the overflow weir, causing the water to overflow the collection channel and thus reducing the water intake. Therefore, the water-breaking wedge installed can pierce the water tongue in this situation, guiding the water flow in the areas on both sides of the water-breaking wedge to form a vertically distributed outlet structure along the side of the water-breaking wedge downstream. This ensures that the flow rate entering the permeable grid can meet the water intake requirements, greatly ensuring the stability of water intake and sedimentation.

[0018] Furthermore, the water inlet of the water diversion channel is set along the cross-sectional direction of the river channel and connected to the collection channel. The water outlet of the water diversion channel is set along the riverbank and an arc-shaped bend circulation sand discharge section is connected between the water inlet and the water outlet. The sediment guidance and sedimentation structure includes multiple sand-blocking sills set at intervals in the bend circulation sand discharge section. The water diversion channel sand discharge hole is opened on the inner side wall of the water diversion channel below the water inlet side of the sand-blocking sill.

[0019] In this way, the water flow into the diversion channel is slowed down at the bend by the sand-retaining sill, causing the sediment to settle on the upstream side of the sill and flow out through the sand discharge hole of the diversion channel back into the downstream river channel.

[0020] Furthermore, the outer side (the side away from the river channel) of the sand-blocking embankment extends towards the direction of incoming water, and the side facing the water is a concave arc shape. The rear side of the sand-blocking embankment is a downward settling slope in the direction of water flow.

[0021] In this way, the outer structure of the sand-retaining embankment can better withstand the impact of centrifugal force on the water flow at the bend, and can better improve the uniformity of water flow slowing down on the cross-section. It can also better guide the sediment thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force to the inner side and be discharged from the sand discharge hole of the water diversion channel. The rear side of the sand-retaining embankment is a downward settlement slope, which can better improve the deceleration and settlement effect of the water flow when it passes through, and better guide the sediment in the water flow to settle before the next sand-retaining embankment.

[0022] Furthermore, a sand-blocking device is also installed in front of the sand-blocking embankment on the water-facing side of the water diversion channel. The sand-blocking device includes a cover plate for covering the upper end face of the water diversion channel. Sand-blocking strips are provided on the lower surface of the cover plate and are arranged along the water-passing section. The sand-blocking strips are made of elastic material (preferably rubber material) and are arranged in rows at intervals along the water-passing section. The sand-blocking strips are arranged in multiple rows at intervals and staggered in the direction of water flow.

[0023] In this way, the gaps between the sand-blocking strips allow water to flow through. When the silt in the water hits the sand-blocking strips, it is de-energized and guided downwards, and then intercepted by the sand-blocking sill before being discharged from the sand discharge hole in the water diversion channel. In seasons with high silt levels, the above-mentioned sand-blocking device can be installed to better guide the silt to settle. Simply press the cover plate down and fix it in the corresponding position on the water diversion channel.

[0024] Furthermore, a self-controlled water discharge device is also installed at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole corresponding to the sand-blocking sill at the foremost point along the water intake direction. The self-controlled water discharge device includes an installation groove on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. The lower part of the installation groove is intersected and connected to the water diversion channel sand discharge hole. Two float chambers with floats are set at both ends along the water intake direction in the installation groove. A float beam seat is fixedly installed at the middle position in the height direction between the two float chambers. Above the float beam seat is the float beam cavity and a float beam connected between the two floats is installed. Below the float beam seat is the gate cavity and is interconnected with the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. A gate is installed in the gate cavity. A connecting rod is fixed at the upper end of the gate. The connecting rod passes upward through the clearance hole on the float beam seat and is fixed to the float beam above.

[0025] In this way, because the installation tank is connected to the water diversion channel via the sand discharge hole, the water level inside is level with the water level in the diversion channel and rises and falls with it. When the water level in the diversion channel is low (just at or below the design water level), the float descends with the water level, causing the floating beam to be restrained and placed on the floating beam seat. At this time, a fixed height distance is left between the lower end of the gate and the bottom of the installation tank, ensuring that the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole can discharge sand normally. When the water level in the diversion channel rises above the design water level, the float rises, causing the floating beam and gate to move upward and open the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole, increasing its flow cross-section, increasing the discharge volume, suppressing the rise of the water level in the diversion channel, and ensuring the consistency of the water level during subsequent treatment. This greatly ensures the stability of water intake and sedimentation treatment.

[0026] Furthermore, the width of the first water intake channel's sand discharge hole is the same as the inner width of the water intake channel. This better ensures that water exceeding the design water level in the water intake channel can be discharged precisely from the first water intake channel's sand discharge hole, thus better guaranteeing a stable water intake and sand discharge effect.

[0027] Therefore, the special method adopted in this invention enables the intake of river water and the natural sedimentation and removal of sediment by gravity, which can improve the convenience of sediment removal, ensure the stability of water intake and sediment removal effects, and greatly reduce the cost of sediment treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mountain river water intake system used in the method of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the separate water-retaining and diversion dam section. Only part of the permeable grid structure is shown after installation. The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of river flow.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the central water-retaining and diversion dam.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The left view in the image.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the independent self-controlled drainage device.

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the individual pontoons, pontoons, and gate sections.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the single-bend circulation and sand-dissipating section in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] Example: A method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers, characterized in that the water level in the upper reaches of the river is raised, and the river water is diverted from the high point to a diversion channel whose bottom is higher than the water level in the lower reaches of the river. The sediment is then allowed to settle in the diversion channel and then discharged directly back into the lower reaches of the river to achieve water intake.

[0037] This method allows sediment to settle and be discharged directly into the downstream river channel by its own weight, eliminating the need for additional devices such as sludge pumps for regular cleaning, thus achieving more convenient sediment removal.

[0038] More specifically, this method relies on a mountain river water intake system, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1-7 As shown, the mountain river water intake system includes a water-retaining and diversion dam 1 set along the cross section of the river channel. A collection channel 2 is set along the length of the water-retaining and diversion dam 1. One end of the collection channel 2 is connected to a water diversion channel 3 set on the riverbank downstream of the water-retaining and diversion dam. A sedimentation and siltation guiding structure is set in the water diversion channel. A sediment discharge hole 4 is opened on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the bottom of the sedimentation and siltation guiding structure. The height of the sediment discharge hole 4 is higher than the water level of the river channel downstream of the water-retaining and diversion dam.

[0039] In this way, the water-retaining dam is used to raise the water level of the upstream river channel. After the water is raised, when it flows over the dam, some of the river water enters the collection channel and then the diversion canal. The sediment is guided to settle by the sediment-guiding sedimentation structure, and then the settled sediment is discharged directly back into the downstream river channel through the sediment discharge outlet. Therefore, the self-discharge of sediment is achieved without the need for additional devices.

[0040] The upper end of the collection channel 2 is inclined downward on the downstream side of the channel opening, and a permeable grid 5 is provided to cover the channel opening.

[0041] This method allows for water diversion while preventing debris from entering the collection channel. During implementation, prefabricated permeable gratings are constructed using angle steel beams and steel strips welded into a rectangular mesh frame. This frame is then embedded in the installation frame at the upper opening of the collection channel, welded to the reinforcing steel of the dam, and poured into the concrete to form a unified structure. The reinforcing ribs of the permeable grating in the direction of water flow can be made of galvanized flat steel. The net space between the ribs should be sufficient to intercept pebbles larger than 20mm. The inclination angle α of the permeable grating is approximately 40 degrees, ensuring sufficient water intake while preventing sediment from getting stuck on the grating bars and preventing pebbles from accumulating on the grating.

[0042] The bottom surface of the collection channel 2, near the downstream side, has a first inclined surface 7 that slopes downward in one direction along the water diversion direction of the collection channel. The bottom surface of the collection channel, near the upstream side, has a second inclined surface 6 that slopes downward in both directions along the water diversion direction of the collection channel and the river flow direction. The lower edge of the second inclined surface 6 connects with the edge of the first inclined surface 7. Figure 2 The plane drawn at the lower part of the uppermost part of the first inclined plane 7 represents the expected water level height of the collection channel.

[0043] In this way, a cross-section with a constant flow velocity can be formed in the collection channel as much as possible, so that silt does not accumulate in the collection channel.

[0044] Among them, sand discharge holes 8 are also provided at intervals on the lower inner wall of the downstream side of the collection channel.

[0045] This facilitates the discharge of bedload and suspended sediment with high sediment content near the bottom, achieving initial sediment removal and reducing subsequent sediment discharge pressure. During implementation, a shut-off valve can be installed at the sediment discharge port of the collection channel. When the river flow is very low, the shut-off valve can be closed to ensure the water diversion flow.

[0046] Among them, an overflow weir 9 with an upward inclination is formed on the upstream side surface of the collection channel opening. Water-breaking tongue wedges 10 are installed evenly at intervals along the length direction on the overflow weir 9. The water-breaking tongue wedges 10 are vertical plate-shaped structures in the direction of water flow and the upper side is an inclined slope or curved surface.

[0047] This is because when the water flow is rapid, a water tongue phenomenon forms under the action of the overflow weir, causing the water to overflow the collection channel and thus reducing the water intake. Therefore, the water-breaking wedge installed can pierce the water tongue in this situation, guiding the water flow in the areas on both sides of the water-breaking wedge to form a vertically distributed outlet structure along the side of the water-breaking wedge downstream. This ensures that the flow rate entering the permeable grid can meet the water intake requirements, greatly ensuring the stability of water intake and sedimentation.

[0048] During implementation, the design flow rate Q of this project can be obtained based on the inflow frequency curve of the river section and the water supply guarantee rate determined by the importance of the water diversion project. Through hydraulic calculations, parameters such as the ratio of the overflow dam section to the diversion dam section length, the length L of the collection channel, the weir head Ht under the design flow conditions, and the diversion unit width flow rate can be obtained.

[0049] The water intake end of the water diversion channel 3 is set along the cross section of the river and connected to the collection channel 2. The water outlet end of the water diversion channel 2 is set along the riverbank and an arc-shaped bend circulation sand discharge section 11 is connected between the water intake end and the water outlet end. The sediment guidance and sedimentation structure includes multiple sand-blocking sills 12 spaced apart in the bend circulation sand discharge section. The sand discharge hole 4 of the water diversion channel is opened on the inner side wall of the water diversion channel below the water intake side of the sand-blocking sill 12.

[0050] In this way, the water flow into the diversion channel is slowed down at the bend by the sand-retaining sill, causing the sediment to settle on the upstream side of the sill and flow out through the sand discharge hole of the diversion channel back into the downstream river channel.

[0051] The outer side (away from the river channel) of the sand-blocking embankment 12 extends towards the direction of incoming water, and the side facing the water is a concave arc shape. The rear side of the sand-blocking embankment 12 is a downward settling slope 13 in the direction of water flow.

[0052] In this way, the outer structure of the sand-retaining sill can better withstand the impact of centrifugal force on the water flow at the bend, and can better improve the uniformity of water flow slowing down on the cross-section. It can also better guide the sediment thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force to the inner side and be discharged from the sand discharge hole of the water diversion channel. The rear side of the sand-retaining sill is a downward settlement slope, which can better improve the deceleration and settlement effect of the water flow when it passes through, and better guide the sediment in the water flow to settle before the next sand-retaining sill. In specific implementation, a steel plate is embedded and covered on the upper surface of the sand-retaining sill 12, which can better improve strength and prevent wear.

[0053] Among them, a sand-blocking device (not shown in the figure) is also installed in front of the sand-blocking embankment on the water-facing side of the water diversion channel 3. The sand-blocking device includes a cover plate for covering the upper end face of the water diversion channel. Sand-blocking strips are provided on the lower surface of the cover plate and are arranged along the water-passing section. The sand-blocking strips are made of elastic material (preferably rubber material) and are arranged in rows at intervals along the water-passing section. The sand-blocking strips are arranged in multiple rows at intervals and staggered in the direction of water flow.

[0054] In this way, the gaps between the sand-blocking strips allow water to flow through. When the silt in the water hits the sand-blocking strips, it is de-energized and guided downwards, and then intercepted by the sand-blocking sill before being discharged from the sand discharge hole in the water diversion channel. In seasons with high silt levels, the above-mentioned sand-blocking device can be installed to better guide the silt to settle. Simply press the cover plate down and fix it in the corresponding position on the water diversion channel.

[0055] Among them, a self-controlled water discharge device is also installed at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole corresponding to the sand interception sill at the foremost point along the water intake direction. The self-controlled water discharge device includes an installation groove 15 set on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. The lower part of the installation groove 15 is intersected with the water diversion channel sand discharge hole 4. Two float chambers 17 with floats 16 are set at both ends along the water intake direction in the installation groove. A float beam seat 18 is fixedly set at the middle position in the height direction between the two float chambers. The float beam seat 18 is above the float beam cavity and a float beam 19 connected between the two floats 16 is installed. The gate cavity is below the float beam seat 18 and is interconnected with the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. A gate 20 is installed in the gate cavity. A connecting rod is fixed at the upper end of the gate 20. The connecting rod passes upward through the clearance hole on the float beam seat 18 and is fixed to the float beam 19 above.

[0056] In this way, because the installation tank is connected to the water diversion channel via the sand discharge hole, the water level inside is level with the water level in the diversion channel and rises and falls with it. When the water level in the diversion channel is low (just at or below the design water level), the float descends with the water level, causing the floating beam to be restrained and placed on the floating beam seat. At this time, a fixed height distance is left between the lower end of the gate and the bottom of the installation tank, ensuring that the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole can discharge sand normally. When the water level in the diversion channel rises above the design water level, the float rises, causing the floating beam and gate to move upward and open the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole, increasing its flow cross-section, increasing the discharge volume, suppressing the rise of the water level in the diversion channel, and ensuring the consistency of the water level during subsequent treatment. This greatly ensures the stability of water intake and sedimentation treatment.

[0057] The width of the first water intake channel's sand discharge hole is the same as the inner width of the water intake channel. This ensures that water exceeding the designed water level in the water intake channel can be discharged precisely through the first water intake channel's sand discharge hole, thus guaranteeing a more stable water intake and sand discharge effect.

Claims

1. A method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers, characterized in that, After the water level in the upper reaches of the river is raised, the river water is diverted from the high point to an aqueduct whose bottom is higher than the water level in the lower reaches of the river. The sediment is then allowed to settle in the aqueduct before being discharged directly back into the lower reaches of the river, thus achieving water intake.

2. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method relies on a mountain river water intake system, which includes a water-retaining dam set along the cross-section of the river channel. A collection channel is set along the length of the water-retaining dam, and one end of the collection channel is connected to a water diversion channel set on the riverbank downstream of the water-retaining dam. A sedimentation structure is set in the water diversion channel, and a sediment discharge hole is opened on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the bottom of the sedimentation structure. The height of the sediment discharge hole is higher than the water level of the river channel downstream of the water-retaining dam.

3. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the collection channel is inclined downward on the downstream side of the channel opening, and a permeable grid is installed at the channel opening.

4. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the collection channel near the downstream side has a first inclined surface that slopes downward in one direction along the water diversion direction of the collection channel, and the bottom surface of the collection channel near the upstream side has a second inclined surface that slopes downward in both directions along the water diversion direction of the collection channel and the river flow direction. The lower side of the second inclined surface is connected to the edge of the first inclined surface.

5. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Sand discharge holes for the collection channel are also provided at intervals on the lower inner wall of the downstream side.

6. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A switch valve is installed at the sand discharge hole of the collection channel.

7. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, An upward-sloping overflow weir is formed on the upstream side surface of the collection channel opening. Water-breaking wedges are installed evenly at intervals along the length of the overflow weir. The water-breaking wedges are vertical plate-like structures in the direction of water flow and the upper side is an inclined slope or curved surface.

8. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The water intake end of the water diversion channel is set along the cross section of the river and connected to the collection channel. The water outlet end of the water diversion channel is set along the riverbank and an arc-shaped bend circulation sand discharge section is connected between the water intake end and the water outlet end. The sediment guidance and sedimentation structure includes multiple sand-blocking sills set at intervals in the bend circulation sand discharge section. The water diversion channel sand discharge hole is opened on the inner side wall of the water diversion channel below the water intake side of the sand-blocking sill.

9. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The outer end of the sand-blocking embankment extends towards the direction of incoming water, and the side facing the water is a concave arc shape. The rear side of the sand-blocking embankment is a downward settling slope in the direction of water flow.

10. The method for water intake and diversion in mountainous rivers as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A self-controlled water discharge device is also installed at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole corresponding to the sand-blocking sill at the forefront of the water intake direction. The self-controlled water discharge device includes an installation groove on the side wall of the water diversion channel at the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. The lower part of the installation groove is intersected and connected to the water diversion channel sand discharge hole. Two float chambers with floats are set at both ends of the installation groove along the front and rear of the water intake direction. A float beam seat is fixedly installed at the middle position of the height direction between the two float chambers. The float beam seat is above the float beam cavity and a float beam connecting the two floats is installed. The gate cavity is below the float beam seat and is interconnected with the first water diversion channel sand discharge hole. A gate is installed in the gate cavity. A connecting rod is fixed at the upper end of the gate. The connecting rod passes upward through the clearance hole on the float beam seat and is fixed to the float beam above.

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