A method and device for self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage of roadbed slope based on siphon effect

Abstract

The application provides a roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-blocking drainage method and device based on siphon effect; the device comprises a water collecting bin, a drainage pipe and a bin-in variable frequency siphon generator, the top of the water collecting bin is lower than the underground water level, the middle and upper parts are water seepage surfaces, the drainage pipe is connected with the bin-in variable frequency siphon generator and has a drainage outlet at the other end. The bin-in variable frequency siphon generator comprises a reverse U-shaped siphon pipe and a float adjusting suction head assembly, the assembly is designed with weak buoyancy balance, has low and high working positions, and can respectively drain 85%-90% and 40%-50% of the effective volume in the bin. The drainage method is based on the drainage of the device. The application adapts to the slope drainage requirements of different seasons and water seepage flow through the float adjusting suction head assembly, solves the problems that small flow cannot be completely drained and large flow cannot be completely drained, converts micro seepage flow into high-energy pulse water flow by siphon, and rolls sand and dredges silt; the device is driven by gravity and fluid mechanical energy, has no exposed and vulnerable electronic components, and is suitable for long-term embedding in the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of road engineering technology, and in particular to a self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage method and device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect. Background Technology

[0002] The stability of highway subgrade slopes is closely related to the safe operation of roads. Groundwater seepage is one of the main factors leading to slope instability. Coupled with the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall, ensuring unobstructed drainage channels within the slope is particularly important. Currently, commonly used drainage facilities in engineering projects include inclined drainage holes, blind drainage ditches, and permeable pipes. These generally suffer from the engineering problem of being "effective initially but failing later."

[0003] Existing slope drainage systems mostly rely on gravity potential energy for natural drainage. In terrain-constrained areas where water cannot flow naturally, additional power equipment such as pumps is used to assist drainage. In complex field environments, this not only consumes a lot of energy but also makes management and maintenance difficult. Meanwhile, existing drainage pipes typically use a rigid frame (such as permeable plastic blind pipes, perforated corrugated pipes, or rigid plastic pipes) wrapped with geotextile. Under long-term hydrostatic pressure, fine clay particles in the soil gradually embed and block the geotextile pores, forming a dense, impermeable "mud cake" layer. This cuts off the drainage channel and causes an abnormal increase in pore water pressure within the slope. Furthermore, slope seepage is usually a low-velocity laminar flow with a weak ability to carry sediment. Over time, fine particles gradually settle inside the pipes, eventually leading to blockage.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a drainage method and device that can keep drainage pipes unobstructed without relying on external power equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage method and device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect. Through the active water collection of the "capillary-elastic" composite structure, the adaptive adjustment of the working condition of the buoy suction head, and the passive monitoring of the sensor embedded in the spiral reinforcing rib, the dynamic self-cleaning of the deep-buried drainage system is realized.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: This application provides a self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect, including a water collection chamber buried inside the slope soil, a drainage pipe, and a variable frequency siphon generator installed in the water collection chamber; the upper and middle surfaces of the water collection chamber are seepage surfaces, and the top of the water collection chamber is located below the groundwater level; one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the outlet of the variable frequency siphon generator, and the other end extends to the outside of the slope surface as a drainage outlet; The variable frequency siphon generator includes an inverted "U"-shaped siphon tube and a float adjustment suction head assembly installed at the inlet of the siphon tube. The float adjustment suction head assembly includes a flexible corrugated pipe, a flared suction nozzle connected to the lower end of the flexible corrugated pipe, and a buoyancy box fixed to the flared suction nozzle. The buoyancy box adopts a weak buoyancy balance design. Under still water or quasi-still water conditions with a slowly rising water level, the self-weight of the float adjustment suction head assembly is set to be slightly greater than or equal to its full submersion buoyancy, so that the assembly can rely on its own weight to maintain a low working position when there is no dynamic water flow, and automatically reset to the low working position after each siphon drainage. The buoy adjustment suction head assembly has a low working position and a high working position; when the buoy adjustment suction head assembly is in the low working position, the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device drains 85%-90% of the effective volume of the water collection tank in a single drainage; when the buoy adjustment suction head assembly is in the high working position, the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device drains 40%-50% of the effective volume of the water collection tank in a single drainage.

[0007] Furthermore, the buoy adjustment suction head assembly also includes a guide rod vertically fixed to the top wall of the water collection tank, and the buoyancy box slides with the guide rod, so that the buoyancy box can move up and down along the guide rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the water collection chamber includes a rigid support frame and a composite breathing membrane covering the outer surface of the rigid support frame; the composite breathing membrane includes an inner membrane and an outer membrane, the ratio of the elastic modulus of the inner membrane and the outer membrane is not less than 5, the outer membrane layer contracts radially under negative pressure, and generates interfacial shear displacement with the inner layer to peel off the mud cake on the outer surface of the composite breathing membrane.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner membrane is a fine fiber fabric with a pore size of 0.05mm-0.075mm; the outer membrane is an elastic porous material membrane with a pore size of 0.2mm-0.5mm; and the thickness of the inner membrane is 1cm-1.5cm greater than the thickness of the outer membrane.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner membrane thickness is 2.5cm-3.5cm, and the outer membrane thickness is 1.5cm-2.5cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the water collection tank is configured as a funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom; the flared suction nozzle is suspended above the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom, maintaining a predetermined distance of 5cm-10cm from the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom.

[0012] Furthermore, the drainage pipe is buried in the slope at an angle of 3°-5°; the inner wall of the drainage pipe is provided with spiral reinforcing ribs to convert the pulse jet generated by the siphon effect into a spiral turbulent flow that rotates at high speed around the pipe axis.

[0013] Furthermore, the height of the spiral reinforcing rib is 6%-8% of the inner diameter of the drain pipe, the rib spacing is 1.0-1.5 times the inner diameter of the drain pipe, and the spiral helix angle is 15°-25°.

[0014] Furthermore, piezoelectric ceramic transducers are pre-embedded in the spiral reinforcing ribs or the inner wall of the drain pipe, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducers are set at intervals of 50cm-100cm; a passive circuit module is provided on the top of the water collection tank, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducers are electrically connected to the passive circuit module to convert the mechanical vibration energy generated by the spiral turbulence into electrical energy and drive signal transmission.

[0015] This application also proposes a drainage method using the aforementioned siphon-effect-based self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes, comprising the following steps: S1. During slope construction, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect is pre-embedded during the slope construction process; water is collected using a water collection tank. S2. Based on the seepage flow rate, the buoy adjusting suction head assembly automatically adjusts its working position to adjust the single drainage volume.

[0016] The technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: This application addresses slope drainage issues under different seasons and seepage flow rates by using a buoy-adjustable suction head assembly, solving the problems of incomplete drainage at low flow rates and insufficient drainage at high flow rates. Utilizing the siphon principle, it transforms continuous, minute seepage into intermittent, high-energy pulsed water flows. The instantaneous high flow rate can stir up settled silt, resolving sedimentation issues within the collection chamber. This device is driven by gravity and fluid mechanical energy, with no easily damaged or complex electronic components exposed to humid environments, making it suitable for long-term outdoor installation.

[0017] The drainage pipe is equipped with spiral reinforcing ribs inside, which force the water flow to form a high-speed vortex. By using centrifugal force and shear force, the silt is suspended in the center of the water flow, which greatly improves the silt removal efficiency of long-distance pipelines and improves the problem of siltation inside the pipe.

[0018] By designing a unique composite breathing membrane, the negative pressure generated during siphon emptying creates a breathing effect that physically breaks down the mud cake adhering to the outer surface of the composite breathing membrane, allowing the membrane to maintain a long-term unobstructed permeation state. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Wherein: Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buoy adjustment suction head assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Water collection tank; 2. Variable frequency siphon generator; 21. Siphon riser pipe; 22. Siphon elbow; 23. Siphon downcomer pipe; 24. Buoy adjustment suction head assembly; 241. Flexible corrugated pipe; 242. Buoyancy box; 243. Flared suction nozzle; 244. Guide rod; 3. Drainage pipe; 31. Spiral reinforcing rib; 32. Piezoelectric ceramic transducer sensor; 4. Groundwater level line; 5. Groundwater seepage; 6. Drainage outlet; 11. Rigid support frame; 12. Composite breathing membrane; 13. Funnel-shaped sediment bottom. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation and not by way of limitation. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present application encompass such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0025] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require this application to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0026] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, a self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect includes a water collection chamber 1 buried inside the slope soil, a drainage pipe 3, and a variable frequency siphon generator 2 installed in the water collection chamber 1; the upper and middle surfaces of the water collection chamber 1 are seepage surfaces, and the top of the water collection chamber 1 is located below the groundwater level 4; one end of the drainage pipe 3 is connected to the outlet of the variable frequency siphon generator 2, and the other end extends to the outside of the slope surface as a drainage outlet 6; The variable frequency siphon generator 2 includes an inverted siphon tube and a float adjustment suction head assembly 24 disposed at the inlet of the siphon tube. The float adjustment suction head assembly 24 includes a flexible corrugated pipe 241 restricted to only retracting up and down, a flared suction nozzle 243 connected to the lower end of the flexible corrugated pipe 241, and a buoyancy box 242 fixed on the flared suction nozzle 243. The buoyancy box 242 adopts a weak buoyancy balance design. Under still or semi-still water conditions, the self-weight of the float adjustment suction head assembly 24 is set to be greater than or equal to its full submersion buoyancy, so that the assembly can rely on its own weight to maintain a low working position when there is no dynamic water flow, and automatically reset to the low working position after each siphon drainage. The flared suction nozzle 243 is directly opposite the center of the bottom of the water collection tank 1. The flared suction head supported by the buoyancy box 242 has the function of dynamically adjusting its height according to the slight changes in the water level in the chamber, realizing adaptive matching between the drainage frequency and the inflow rate; the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 has a low working position and a high working position; when the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 is in the low working position, the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device drains 185%-90% of the effective volume of the water collection chamber in a single drainage; when the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 is in the high working position, the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device drains 140%-50% of the effective volume of the water collection chamber in a single drainage.

[0027] Specifically, the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 also includes a guide rod 244 vertically fixed to the top wall of the water collection tank 1. The buoyancy box 242 is slidably engaged with the guide rod 244, so that the buoyancy box 242 can move up and down along the guide rod 244.

[0028] The water collection chamber 1 includes a rigid support frame 11 and a composite breathing membrane 12 covering the outer surface of the rigid support frame 11. The composite breathing membrane 12 does not cover the bottom of the water collection chamber 1. The ratio of the elastic modulus of the inner and outer membranes is not less than 5. Under negative pressure, the outer membrane layer contracts radially significantly, generating interfacial shear displacement with the inner layer to peel off the mud cake on the outer surface of the composite breathing membrane 12. Specifically, the inner membrane is used to induce seepage and is a fine fiber fabric with a pore size of 0.05mm-0.075mm. It can be a modified nylon fiber capillary layer, hydrophilic geotextile, polyester fiber nonwoven fabric, or polypropylene filament geotextile, etc., which have high permeability and capillary adsorption capacity. The outer membrane is an elastic porous material membrane with a pore size of 0.2mm-0.5mm. It can be a polyurethane elastic porous membrane, silicone rubber porous membrane, EPDM rubber foam, porous latex, etc., which have high resilience. The thickness of the inner membrane is 1cm-1.5cm greater than the thickness of the outer membrane. The thickness of the inner membrane is 2.5cm-3.5cm, and the thickness of the outer membrane is 1.5cm-2.5cm.

[0029] The bottom of the water collection chamber 1 is configured as a funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom 13, which is used to collect sediment particles that settle through the breathing membrane. The funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom 13 is in direct contact with the soil. The flared suction nozzle 243 is suspended above the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom 13, and a predetermined distance of 5cm-10cm is maintained between it and the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom 13.

[0030] The drainage pipe 3 is a rigid pipe, buried in the slope at an angle of 3°-5°, with an inner diameter preferably of 75mm-110mm. The inner wall of the drainage pipe 3 is provided with spiral reinforcing ribs 31, which are used to convert the pulse jet generated by the siphon effect into a spiral turbulent flow rotating at high speed around the pipe axis. The spiral reinforcing ribs 31 are integrally formed with or embedded in the inner wall of the drainage pipe 3. The rib height of the spiral reinforcing ribs 31 is 6%-8% of the inner diameter of the drainage pipe 3, the rib spacing is 1.0-1.5 times the inner diameter of the drainage pipe 3, and the helix angle is 15°-25°.

[0031] Furthermore, piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are pre-embedded in the inner wall of the spiral reinforcing rib 31 or the drainage pipe 3. The piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are spaced 50cm-100cm apart along the axial direction of the drainage pipe 3. A passive circuit module is provided on the top of the water collection tank 1. The piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are electrically connected to the passive circuit module to convert the mechanical vibration energy generated by the spiral turbulence into electrical energy and drive signal transmission, providing drainage monitoring function. The passive circuit system mainly consists of a rectifier and voltage regulator module, an energy storage unit, a low-power microcontroller unit, and a wireless radio frequency module, which is a conventional technology. The surface of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 32 is covered with an epoxy resin protective layer with a thickness of not less than 1mm. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 32 is installed in the spiral reinforcing rib 31 using a pre-embedded injection molding process. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 32 generates electricity using the residual energy of the water flow, realizing real-time dynamic monitoring of the unobstructed flow of the deep-buried drainage channel without the need for external power.

[0032] This application also proposes a drainage method using the aforementioned siphon-effect-based self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes, comprising the following steps: S1. During the construction of the slope, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for the roadbed slope based on the siphon effect is pre-embedded during the slope construction process; water is collected using the water collection tank 1; S2. Based on the seepage flow rate, the buoy adjusting suction head assembly 24 automatically adjusts its working position to adjust the single drainage volume; the working process of the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device based on the siphon effect is as follows: (1) Variable frequency siphon pulse energy accumulation and release: The buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 dynamically adjusts the trigger water level according to the inflow velocity. During low-water, micro-seepage conditions, the seepage flow in the slope soil is small, and the water level in the collection chamber 1 rises slowly. The buoyancy force on the buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 is relatively small. Under its own weight, the buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 / flared suction nozzle 243 is in a low position, with a single drainage volume of 85%-90% of the effective volume of the collection chamber 1, accumulating greater potential energy to ensure that the intensity of a single flush is sufficient to remove the hardened silt deposited at the bottom of the pipe over a long period. After the siphon drainage is completed and the water level in the collection chamber 1 is emptied, the buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 automatically resets to the low working position along the guide rod 244 under its own weight. Under heavy rainfall conditions, the infiltration volume of the slope soil is large, and the water level in the collection chamber 1 rises rapidly. The dynamic water pressure and buoyancy of the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 increase simultaneously. The buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 / flared suction nozzle 243 overcomes its own weight and moves upward along the guide rod 244 to the high working position, reducing the single drainage volume to 40%-50% of the effective volume. It automatically shortens the energy storage cycle to increase the pulse frequency and prevents the collection chamber 1 from overflowing. When the water level in the chamber reaches the preset height, the system instantly releases the stored water, forming a high-speed pulse jet with an average flow velocity of not less than 1.5 m / s in the pipe.

[0033] (2) Spiral vortex energy conversion and negative pressure reverse extrusion sludge removal: The high-speed pulse jet flows through the drain pipe 3, which has spiral reinforcing ribs 31 on its inner wall, and is transformed into a spiral turbulent flow that rotates at high speed around the pipe axis. This spiral turbulent flow has an extremely high tangential velocity, which continuously and comprehensively scours the pipe wall, effectively removing the mud and sand attached to the pipe wall. Under the centrifugal force generated by the strong vortex, the suspended solid particles in the water flow are thrown towards the core area of ​​the pipe and discharged with the high-speed water flow. At the same time, the mechanical vibration generated by the strong vortex drives the piezoelectric ceramic transducer sensor 32 inside the pipe wall to generate electricity, and water flow monitoring is realized at the same time as power generation. The asymmetric composite breathing membrane 12, which is covered by the rigid support frame 11, contracts inward when a siphon negative pressure is generated in the water collection chamber 1, using the pressure difference between the inside and outside. The inner membrane and the outer membrane generate relative shear displacement and high-frequency vibration, thereby peeling off the mud cake attached to the surface. It should be noted that, since the water collection chamber 1 is buried inside the soil, the so-called stripping refers to the destruction and reconstruction of the physical structure of the mud cake: under the synergistic effect of the siphon negative pressure suction and the elastic contraction of the inner membrane, the dense, low-permeability mud cake layer tightly adhering to the fabric surface undergoes brittle fracture. The mud cake changes from a continuous, compacted state to a discontinuous, fragmented state. At this time, the fine clay particles (with a particle size smaller than the fabric pore size) that cause the decrease in permeability are drawn into the interior of the water collection chamber 1 by the strong airflow and water flow, and are discharged with the next pulse; while the coarse particle skeleton is blocked by the fabric. The soil interface on the outside of the fabric is reconstructed into a loose, porous skeleton structure, thereby restoring the permeability efficiency of the geotextile.

[0034] When the siphon pulse water flow passes through the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 32, it generates an AC signal. On one hand, this signal is converted into DC power by the rectifier and voltage regulator module and stored in the energy storage unit to power the system. On the other hand, the microcontroller unit is awakened and collects two types of data in parallel: first, by analyzing the voltage amplitude and frequency of the piezoelectric signal to invert the sediment discharge velocity in the pipeline; second, by recording the trigger time interval and duration of the siphon pulse, to calculate the water level change rate and hydrological cycle of the collection tank 1. Subsequently, the wireless radio frequency module in the passive circuit module packages and sends the above monitoring data to the monitoring platform. The system then automatically resets and enters a sleep state after the power is exhausted, waiting for the next siphon pulse to wake it up, thereby realizing passive intelligent monitoring throughout the entire life cycle.

[0035] This application relies entirely on gravitational potential energy to accumulate siphon pulse energy, and drives the elastic breathing membrane to generate mechanical vibration through negative pressure to physically disintegrate the filter layer sludge cake, and induces high-speed vortex flow to achieve intelligent self-cleaning drainage with active sludge removal and sand discharge, which greatly improves the sand discharge efficiency of long-distance pipelines and improves the problem of sludge accumulation in the pipe.

[0036] Example In this embodiment, the peak design drainage capacity of the water collection tank 1 is Q=20m. 3 / h.

[0037] The rigid support frame 11 of the water collection chamber 1 adopts a circular stainless steel frame with a diameter of 400mm, and its outer surface is covered with a 5mm thick composite breathable membrane 12. The outer membrane layer is a 2mm thick modified nylon fiber fabric with high capillary adsorption capacity, and the pore size is between 0.05mm and 0.075mm, which is used to actively induce micro-seepage in the soil. The inner membrane is a 3mm thick polyurethane elastic porous material layer with a pore size between 0.2mm and 0.5mm, which ensures water permeability and only allows fine particles to pass through. The bottom of the chamber is designed as a funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom 13 with an inclination angle of 15-25°, which is used to guide the sediment entering the chamber to converge towards the center.

[0038] The variable frequency siphon generator 2 includes an inverted "U"-shaped siphon pipe and a float adjustment suction head assembly 24 installed at the inlet of the siphon pipe. The siphon pipe is made of HDPE pipe and includes a siphon riser pipe 21, a siphon elbow 22, and a siphon downcomer pipe 23. The siphon elbow 22 serves as the highest point of the entire siphon pipeline, limiting the siphon start-up water level of the system. The siphon downcomer pipe 23 passes through the wall of the collection tank 1 and is sealed to the external drain pipe 3. The float adjustment suction head assembly 24 includes a flared suction nozzle 243 and an annular buoyancy box 242. Two to four guide rods 244 are vertically fixed to the top of the rigid support frame 11. The buoyancy box 242 is evenly provided with through holes that slide with the guide rods 244. Through the cooperation of the guide rods 244 and the buoyancy box 242, the buoyancy box 242 can only move up and down. The flared nozzle 243 has a flared diameter of 120mm and a flexible corrugated tube 241 with a diameter of 75mm connected to its throat. An annular buoyancy box 242 is set around the nozzle and is made of corrosion-resistant ABS shell filled with closed-cell polyurethane foam. The outer diameter of the device is 220mm, the inner diameter is 90mm, and the height is 80mm. The flared nozzle 243 is suspended in the center line of the water collection tank 1, that is, above the funnel-shaped sediment bottom 13. The bottom of the funnel-shaped sediment bottom 13 serves as a sediment buffer zone, and the flared nozzle 243 needs to maintain a reserved distance of 5-10cm from the bottom.

[0039] Unlike fixed suction heads, this buoy-adjustable suction head assembly 24 utilizes buoyancy and a flexible connection structure to dynamically fine-tune its vertical height according to the inflow velocity in the tank, thereby changing the critical water level required for the system to start the siphon and achieving adaptive adjustment of the drainage frequency under operating conditions.

[0040] The drain pipe 3 is a solid-walled HDPE pipe with an inner diameter of 75mm, and its inner wall is provided with spiral reinforcing ribs 31. Preferably, the helix angle of the drain pipe 3 is 20°, the rib height is 5mm, and the rib spacing is 100mm. Piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are uniformly and integrally formed every 100cm within the spiral reinforcing ribs 31. The piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are embedded in the pipe wall material and covered with a 2mm thick epoxy resin protective layer. These piezoelectric ceramic transducers 32 are connected to a passive circuit module at the top of the water collection tank 1 via wires, which converts the mechanical vibration energy generated by the swirling flow into electrical energy to drive signal transmission.

[0041] The buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 adopts a weak buoyancy balance design, meaning that in still or semi-still water conditions, the self-weight of the buoy adjustment suction head assembly 24 is set to be greater than or equal to its full submersion buoyancy. Static buoyancy and dynamic lift are calculated based on the above parameters: 1) Static buoyancy calculation; Still water buoyancy: F float =ρ×g×V=1000×9.8×0.00253=24.8N; Based on the principle of "weak buoyancy," the total weight is set to 1.08 times the buoyancy. Therefore: Total component weight: G = 1.08 × F float =26.8N; The resultant force F=GF float =26.8-24.8=2.0N (downward direction).

[0042] 2) Dynamic lift calculation; Water flows from the bottom of the collection tank to the central suction head, generating upward hydrodynamic pressure.

[0043] The rising water flow at the suction inlet primarily acts on the flared edge of the suction head and the bottom surface of the buoyancy tank. Conservatively, the flow velocity at the cross-section directly below the suction inlet is taken. The flared area of ​​the suction inlet is A. inlet =0.0113m 2 ; Upward flow velocity at the suction port: v up =Q / A inlet =0.0056 / 0.0113=0.50m / s; The vertically upward dynamic lift is estimated using a simplified fluid drag formula, where: the fluid drag coefficient C d =1.2, the projected area A of the component's bottom surface under stress p =0.031m 2 .

[0044] Dynamic lift: F lift =0.5×C d ×ρ×A p ×v up 2 =0.5×1.2×1000×0.031×0.50 2 =4.65N Dynamic force balance verification: F total =F float +F lift -G = 24.8 + 4.65 - 26.8 = 2.65 N (upward direction), when the inflow reaches 20 m³ / h (heavy rainfall level). 3 At a speed of / h, the upward net force is 2.65N, which overcomes friction (the coefficient of friction is extremely low, and the resistance is <0.5N), and the suction head will quickly float to a high position.

[0045] This application also proposes a drainage method using the aforementioned siphon-effect-based self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes, comprising the following steps: S1. During the construction of the slope, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for the roadbed slope based on the siphon effect is pre-embedded during the slope construction process; water is collected using the water collection tank 1; S2. Based on the seepage flow rate, the buoy adjusting suction head assembly 24 automatically adjusts its working position to adjust the single drainage volume; the working process of the roadbed slope self-cleaning anti-clogging drainage device based on the siphon effect is as follows: Phase 1: such as Fig. 2 As shown, when the groundwater 5 contacts the collection chamber 1, the water flows through the composite breathing membrane 12 into the collection chamber 1 under hydrostatic pressure. The water level inside the chamber rises slowly. At this time, the composite breathing membrane 12 is in a relatively balanced state of slight expansion due to the compression of the external soil and the support of the internal water pressure. There is basically no water flow in the drainage pipe 3. During this process, the sediment particles carried by the water flow settle to the funnel-shaped sediment bottom 13 under the action of gravity, and are in a state of waiting to be discharged.

[0046] Phase Two: The buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 is slidably connected to the guide rod 244, employing a "weak buoyancy" balance design. Its adaptive adjustment mechanism based on fluid dynamics is as follows: During low-water, micro-seepage conditions, the water level in the collection chamber 1 rises extremely slowly, and the fluid dynamic pressure on the buoy-adjusting suction head assembly 24 is negligible. At this time, the suction head naturally sinks under gravity and remains at the lower limit of the flexible corrugated pipe 241's stroke. This state forces the system to accumulate to the maximum design water level before triggering the siphon. By maximizing the gravitational potential energy of a single drainage, it ensures that the siphon pulse has sufficient scouring force to entrain deep-seated sediment. During heavy rain and strong seepage conditions, the water level in the collection chamber 1 rises rapidly, forming a high-speed upward flow field. At this time, the combined force of the upward fluid dynamic pressure generated by the water flow on the flared suction nozzle 243 and the buoyancy of the buoyancy box 242 drives the flared suction nozzle 243 to rapidly float to the upper limit through the flexible corrugated pipe 241. This state significantly shortens the vertical distance of the siphon trigger, thereby realizing a high-frequency drainage strategy and effectively preventing the water collection tank 1 from overflowing due to insufficient drainage.

[0047] As water flows over the inner bottom wall of the siphon bend 22 and down the siphon downcomer 23, the spiral reinforcing ribs 31 on the inner wall of the pipe play a crucial role in turbulence. The spiral reinforcing ribs 31 force the water flow to generate spiral turbulence, causing the water flow to form a closed water plug at a local cross-section of the drain pipe 3. This water plug generates a piston effect under the acceleration of gravity, forcibly carrying out the air inside the pipe and quickly establishing a negative pressure environment inside the pipe, thereby inducing full-pipe flow in a short time, and the siphon effect is triggered instantly. The water accumulated in the collection tank 1 is forcefully sucked in through the inverted flared suction nozzle 243 under the combined action of gravity and atmospheric pressure. At the same time, its strong suction instantly rolls up the sediment deposited at the bottom, forming a mud-water mixture.

[0048] Phase Three: Once the siphon is formed, the water inside the chamber is rapidly drawn out, creating an instantaneous negative pressure. External atmospheric pressure and soil pressure force the composite breathing membrane 12 to contract sharply inward, causing shear displacement at the interface with the outer membrane. This mechanical vibration instantly ruptures and peels off the mud cake adhering to the composite breathing membrane 12. After the high-speed mud-water mixture enters the spiral turbulent drainage pipe 3, guided by the spiral reinforcing ribs 31 on the inner wall, the water flow changes from linear motion to high-speed rotating spiral turbulence. The high-speed water flow carries sediment and is discharged out of the slope through the outlet. At this time, the mechanical vibration generated by the water flow impacting the spiral reinforcing ribs 31 drives the embedded piezoelectric sensor to generate electricity, which is stored in the energy storage unit of the passive circuit module, such as a supercapacitor.

[0049] Phase Four: When the water level in collection tank 1 drops below the inverted flared suction nozzle 243, air enters the pipe, the siphon is broken, and drainage stops. The system utilizes the electrical energy stored in Phase Three to send a signal containing the number of drainage cycles and the pipe patency via the wireless radio frequency module on top of collection tank 1. The buoy adjusting suction head assembly 24 returns to its initial state after buoyancy is lost, and the next water storage cycle begins.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect, characterized in that: It includes a water collection chamber (1) buried inside the slope soil, a drainage pipe (3) and a variable frequency siphon generator (2) installed in the water collection chamber (1); the upper and middle surfaces of the water collection chamber (1) are seepage surfaces, and the top of the water collection chamber (1) is below the groundwater level (4); one end of the drainage pipe (3) is connected to the outlet of the variable frequency siphon generator (2), and the other end extends to the outside of the slope surface as a drainage outlet (6). The variable frequency siphon generator (2) includes an inverted "U"-shaped siphon tube and a float adjustment suction head assembly (24) installed at the inlet of the siphon tube; the float adjustment suction head assembly (24) includes a flexible corrugated pipe (241), a flared suction nozzle (243) connected to the lower end of the flexible corrugated pipe (241), and a buoyancy box (242) fixed on the flared suction nozzle (243); the buoyancy box (242) adopts a weak buoyancy balance design; The buoy adjustment suction head assembly (24) has a low working position and a high working position; When the device is in a low working position, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device of the roadbed slope can drain 85%-90% of the effective volume of the water collection tank (1) in a single drainage; when the buoy adjustment suction head assembly (24) is in a high working position, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device of the roadbed slope can drain 40%-50% of the effective volume of the water collection tank (1) in a single drainage.

2. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy adjustment suction head assembly (24) also includes a guide rod (244) vertically fixed to the top wall of the water collection tank (1). The buoyancy box (242) is slidably engaged with the guide rod (244), so that the buoyancy box (242) can move up and down along the guide rod (244).

3. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water collection tank (1) includes a rigid support frame (11) and a composite breathing membrane (12) covering the outer surface of the rigid support frame (11); the composite breathing membrane (12) includes an inner membrane and an outer membrane, and the ratio of the elastic modulus of the inner membrane and the outer membrane is not less than 5.

4. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner membrane is a fine fiber fabric with a pore size of 0.05mm-0.075mm; the outer membrane is an elastic porous material membrane with a pore size of 0.2mm-0.5mm; the thickness of the inner membrane is 1cm-1.5cm greater than the thickness of the outer membrane.

5. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner membrane has a thickness of 2.5cm-3.5cm, and the outer membrane has a thickness of 1.5cm-2.5cm.

6. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the water collection tank (1) is set as a funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom (13); the flared suction nozzle (243) is suspended above the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom (13) and maintains a predetermined distance of 5cm-10cm from the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation bottom (13).

7. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (3) is buried in the slope at an inclination angle of 3°-5°; the inner wall of the drainage pipe (3) is provided with a spiral reinforcing rib (31) to convert the pulse jet generated by the siphon effect into a spiral turbulent flow that rotates at high speed around the pipe axis.

8. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The height of the spiral reinforcing rib (31) is 6%-8% of the inner diameter of the drain pipe (3), the rib spacing is 1.0-1.5 times the inner diameter of the drain pipe (3), and the spiral helix angle is 15°-25°.

9. The self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device for roadbed slopes based on the siphon effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the spiral reinforcing rib (31) or the drain pipe (3) is pre-embedded with a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (32), and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer (32) is set at intervals of 50cm-100cm; a passive circuit module is provided on the top of the water collection tank (1), and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer (32) is electrically connected to the passive circuit module to convert the mechanical vibration energy generated by the spiral turbulence into electrical energy and drive signal transmission.

10. A drainage method using a roadbed slope self-cleaning and anti-clogging drainage device based on the siphon effect as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. When constructing the slope, the self-cleaning and anti-blocking drainage device for the roadbed slope based on the siphon effect is pre-embedded during the slope construction process; water is collected using the water collection tank (1); S2. Based on the seepage flow rate, the float adjustment suction head assembly (24) automatically adjusts its working position to adjust the single drainage volume.

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