An impact identification protection device based on SMA super-elasticity and a working method

Abstract

The application provides an impact identification protection device based on SMA super elasticity and a working method, relates to the field of road facilities, and aims to solve the problem that wind power generation equipment is prone to misdropping under strong wind conditions or cannot be timely decoupled in the instant of collision, thereby causing equipment damage, by introducing an inductive trigger component based on shape memory alloy super elasticity; macroscopic physical deformation of a wave-shaped anti-collision beam is taken as a criterion for identifying impact load, a shape memory alloy flexible cable is arranged in an internal accommodating cavity of the anti-collision beam and is linked with a detachable locking mechanism above, mechanical material mechanics response is utilized to effectively overcome the disadvantage that a complex electric control sensor is easily disturbed in a harsh outdoor environment, passive identification of wind load and vehicle impact is realized, the daily wind resistance stability of the power generation equipment is ensured, the power generation equipment can actively avoid danger and detach in the event of a collision accident, and the collision damage rate of high-value new energy equipment and the risk caused by the scattering of debris are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road infrastructure, and more specifically to an impact identification and protection device and its working method based on SMA (Super Elastic Motion Matrix). Background Technology

[0002] Highways possess abundant natural wind and vehicle exhaust wind energy resources, making the installation of wind power generation equipment on highway guardrails an important area of ​​exploration in the intersection of transportation infrastructure and new energy. However, as a primary traffic safety protection facility, the core mission of highway guardrails is to block and withstand the high-speed impact of out-of-control vehicles. Currently, most existing guardrail wind power generation systems adopt a rigid connection structure, directly fixing the generator set to the guardrail posts or beams. This traditional rigid installation method has a fatal flaw: in the event of a vehicle collision, the enormous instantaneous impact energy is directly transferred along the guardrail frame to the structurally fragile and expensive wind power generation equipment above, causing instantaneous and complete damage to the motor, blades, and control modules. This not only causes significant economic losses, but the debris from the impact can also easily trigger serious secondary traffic accidents, making it difficult for this type of composite guardrail to achieve long-term stable operation in practical engineering.

[0003] To overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of wind power equipment being highly susceptible to damage, existing technologies have attempted to introduce ordinary anti-fall-off components or buffer structures between the guardrail and the equipment. However, these still cannot meet the comprehensive protection requirements of highway environments. For example, when using conventional overload breakage devices such as mechanical shear pins to achieve impact detachment, there are insurmountable technical bottlenecks: the huge static load generated by strong winds in nature (such as typhoons) and the dynamic impact load generated by vehicle scraping and collisions often overlap in terms of extreme stress values. If the detachment threshold is set too low, the equipment is very likely to be falsely triggered and fall off when encountering strong winds and severe weather. If the threshold is set too high, it cannot be unlocked in time when a vehicle makes a substantial impact, thus losing its protective significance. This leads to an irreconcilable contradiction between wind resistance stability and impact avoidance sensitivity, making it difficult to meet the requirements of maintaining rigidity lock under strong winds while achieving active decoupling and release of the power generation equipment at the moment of vehicle impact. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an impact identification and protection device and its working method based on SMA (Super Elastic Motion). By achieving passive identification through the material mechanical response of the structure, the device ensures the daily wind resistance stability of power generation equipment while actively avoiding danger and escaping in the event of a collision, thereby reducing equipment damage rate and secondary risks.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide an impact identification and protection device based on SMA (Superelastic Molecular Angiotensin) elasticity, comprising:

[0006] The guardrail includes posts and corrugated anti-collision beams installed on the posts, the corrugated anti-collision beams having internal receiving cavities; The wind power generation module is connected to the top of the guardrail via a detachable locking mechanism. The detachable locking mechanism has a locked state that rigidly fixes the wind power generation module and a released state that releases the constraint on the wind power generation module. The inductive triggering component, housed within the receiving cavity and linked to the detachable locking mechanism, includes a shape memory alloy flexible cable. When the corrugated anti-collision beam is not deformed, the shape memory alloy flexible cable maintains the detachable locking mechanism in a locked state. When the corrugated anti-collision beam deforms, the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes forced displacement under deformation, generating stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value. This induces a martensitic phase transformation and hyperelastic elongation in the shape memory alloy flexible cable, thereby driving the detachable locking mechanism to switch to a released state, separating the wind power generation component from the guardrail.

[0007] Furthermore, the sensing trigger component also includes a linkage cable, which is connected in series with a shape memory alloy flexible cable to form a composite cable structure and extends along the length direction of the corrugated anti-collision beam; One end of the composite cable structure is connected to the corrugated anti-collision beam, and the other end passes through the receiving cavity and is connected to the detachable locking mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, in the locked state, the shape memory alloy is in a pre-tensioned state of the austenitic phase, and the detachable locking mechanism is maintained closed by the tension. When the corrugated anti-collision beam is bent or folded, causing the geometric path of the composite cable structure to be extended, the shape memory alloy undergoes hyperelastic elongation, which causes the closing tension of the detachable locking mechanism to be unloaded, triggering unlocking.

[0009] Furthermore, the detachable locking mechanism includes a left caliper arm, a right caliper arm, and a push-release spring; the left caliper arm and the right caliper arm are hinged by a pin to form a scissor structure, and the inner side of one end of the scissor structure is provided with a locking hook for fastening the wind power generation component, and the push-release spring is located between the two caliper arms and is in a compressed energy storage state. The composite cable structure is connected to a linkage traction ring at its end. The linkage traction ring simultaneously pulls the other ends of the left and right caliper arms. In the locked state, the closing force provided by the composite cable structure is greater than the outward pushing force of the push release spring. When the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes hyperelastic elongation, the closing force is less than the outward pushing force, and the push release spring pushes the two caliper arms apart to achieve release.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the column is provided with a cantilever bracket extending toward the side away from the driving lane, and a fixed support platform is fixed to the end of the cantilever bracket. The bottom of the wind power generation module is equipped with a movable base, which can be disengaged from the locking mechanism and installed on the fixed support platform. The wind power generation module is rigidly fixed by fastening the movable base.

[0011] Furthermore, the cavity is also filled with a multi-stage damping energy absorption system, which includes a shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage. The shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage includes a shape memory alloy woven mesh made of shape memory alloy wires and a solid steel ball wrapped inside the shape memory alloy woven mesh. When the guardrail is impacted and deformed, the impact kinetic energy is absorbed by the slip friction of the solid steel ball on the shape memory alloy woven mesh and the phase transition hysteresis characteristics of the shape memory alloy woven mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-stage damping energy absorption system also includes a shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer. The shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer is attached to the inner wall of the corrugated anti-collision beam and located on the outside of the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage. The shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer contains shear thickening fluid, which is used to provide flexible buffering under low-speed collisions and harden shear resistance under high-speed impacts to disperse impact stress.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a safety mooring line, one end of which is connected to the wind turbine and the other end is anchored to the guardrail, so that it can be suspended and restrained in the non-impact area behind the guardrail after the wind turbine detaches.

[0014] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for operating a shock identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity, utilizing the SMA hyperelasticity-based shock identification and protection device of the first objective, comprising: Wind-resistant stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam does not deform, the stress generated by the wind load on the wind power generation component is less than the phase change critical value of the shape memory alloy flexible cable. The shape memory alloy flexible cable maintains an elastic state and keeps the release locking mechanism in a locked state, so that the wind power generation component is rigidly fixed to the guardrail. Impact release stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam is impacted and deformed, the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam forces the shape memory alloy flexible cable in the cavity to undergo forced displacement and generate stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value, inducing the shape memory alloy flexible cable to produce martensitic deformation and superelastic elongation; the superelastic elongation drives the release locking mechanism to switch from the locked state to the released state, releasing the constraint on the wind power generation component and allowing the wind power generation component to actively detach from the guardrail body.

[0015] Furthermore, during the wind-resistant phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable is in a pre-tensioned state, using its closing tension to overcome the spring thrust inside the lockable mechanism, thereby maintaining the locked state. During the impact release phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes superelastic elongation, causing the closing tension it provides to be unloaded. The release locking mechanism automatically pops open and unlocks under the action of the internal spring thrust, realizing the state switch.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are: To address the issue of existing highway guardrail wind power generation equipment being prone to accidental detachment or damage due to failure to decouple in time during collisions under high wind conditions, a solution is introduced using a shape memory alloy-based hyperelastic inductive triggering component. The macroscopic physical deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam is used as the core criterion for identifying impact loads. A flexible shape memory alloy cable is threaded through the internal cavity of the anti-collision beam and linked to a detachable locking mechanism above. Under normal wind conditions, the anti-collision beam does not deform, and the flexible cable maintains its normal elasticity, thus maintaining the rigid fixation of the power generation equipment by the locking mechanism. However, once a vehicle impact causes the anti-collision beam to bend or fold, this deformation forces the internal flexible cable to undergo forced displacement, subjecting it to internal stress. By breaking through the critical value of phase transformation, a martensitic phase transformation is induced, resulting in a significant superelastic elongation. The sudden elongation displacement acts as a mechanical driving force, prompting the locking mechanism to switch to the released state, thus decoupling the wind power generation components from the guardrail body. Through the above-mentioned linkage logic of "beam deformation - shape memory alloy phase transformation elongation - mechanism unlocking", the mechanical material mechanical response effectively overcomes the shortcomings of complex electronic control sensors being susceptible to interference in harsh outdoor environments. It achieves passive identification of wind loads and vehicle collisions, ensuring the daily wind resistance stability of the power generation equipment while enabling it to actively avoid danger and escape in the event of a collision. This significantly reduces the collision damage rate of high-value new energy equipment and the potential risks caused by debris scattering.

[0017] During normal wind resistance, the tension of the shape memory alloy flexible cable under pre-tension overcomes the spring thrust inside the locking mechanism, maintaining the closed constraint of the mechanism. When a vehicle impact causes severe deformation of the anti-collision beam, the forced displacement of the flexible cable induces a material phase change and produces a large-scale hyperelastic elongation, causing a significant unloading of the original closing tension, thereby breaking the original mechanical balance and causing the internal compressed spring to push open the locking component. The large strain property at the material level is transformed into a mechanical state reversal at the system level, realizing a passive, adaptive, and relatively agile release process, effectively improving the action continuity and long-term reliability of the entire impact recognition and active risk avoidance process.

[0018] Combining a shear-thickening fluid soft cladding layer with a shape memory alloy-steel ball energy-dissipating cage, the shear-thickening fluid primarily provides a gentle elastic buffer during low-speed scraping. However, under high-speed, violent impact, the shear-thickening fluid instantly exhibits hardening shear resistance to disperse local stress and transfer it to the shape memory alloy woven mesh and steel balls behind it. The misaligned friction of the steel balls and the phase transition hysteresis characteristics of the shape memory alloy woven mesh further dissipate high-frequency mechanical energy. This constructs a multi-level defense system for the guardrail with certain adaptive rheological characteristics and mechanical friction synergy, effectively balancing low-speed lossless buffering with high-speed efficient energy absorption, thus improving the overall passive protection level of the guardrail itself.

[0019] Using safety tethers, one end is secured to the outer casing or base of the wind turbine generator, and the other end is firmly anchored to the post or concrete foundation at the bottom of the guardrail. When the generator is released and ejected by the locking mechanism, the limited length of the tether will restrain and limit the movement trajectory of the generator. This effectively guides the expensive wind turbine after it detaches to hang or fall into a relatively safe area behind the guardrail, thus effectively limiting the scattering range of debris. This protects the equipment from being directly run over by out-of-control vehicles and reduces the risk of secondary traffic accidents caused by scattered heavy objects. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a sensing trigger component in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage damping energy absorption system filled in the cavity in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a wind power generation component in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the response of a shape memory alloy flexible cable in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] The components include: 1. Column; 2. Concrete foundation; 3. Corrugated anti-collision beam; 4. Cantilever bracket; 5. Fixed support platform; 6. Movable base; 7. Wind power generation component; 8. S-shaped helical blade; 9. Central shaft; 10. Magnetic levitation bearing; 11. Generator stator; 12. Generator rotor; 13. Disengageable locking mechanism; 14. Left caliper arm; 15. Right caliper arm; 16. Pin; 17. Locking hook; 18. Push release spring; 19. Induction trigger component; 20. Linkage cable. 21. Shape memory alloy flexible cable; 22. Guide pulley; 23. Fastening anchor point; 24. Linkage traction ring; 25. Multi-stage damping energy absorption system; 26. Shear thickening fluid soft cladding; 27. Kevlar skin; 28. Shear thickening fluid; 29. ​​Shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage; 30. Shape memory alloy woven mesh; 31. Solid steel ball; 32. Safety mooring cable; 33. Energy management box; 34. Rectifier and voltage regulator; 35. Supercapacitor module; 36. Lithium titanate battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, an impact identification and protection device based on SMA (superelastic microstructure) is presented.

[0028] Traditional wind power systems using guardrails employ rigid connections. In the event of a vehicle collision, the enormous impact energy is directly transferred to the wind power equipment, causing damage and potentially triggering secondary traffic accidents. Furthermore, existing anti-detachment or buffer structures struggle to resolve the contradiction between accidental detachment under high wind conditions and the inability to decouple in time during a vehicle collision, thus making it difficult to balance wind resistance stability and impact avoidance sensitivity.

[0029] In response, this embodiment proposes an impact identification and protection device based on SMA (Superelastic Molecular Angiotensin) elasticity, comprising: The guardrail includes a post 1 and a corrugated anti-collision beam 3 installed on the post 1, the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 having an internal cavity; The wind power generation component 7 is connected to the top of the guardrail via a detachable locking mechanism 13. The detachable locking mechanism 13 has a locked state that rigidly fixes the wind power generation component 7 and a released state that releases the constraint on the wind power generation component 7. The induction trigger component 19 is disposed in the receiving cavity and linked to the detachable locking mechanism 13. It includes a shape memory alloy flexible cable 21. When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is not deformed, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is used to keep the detachable locking mechanism 13 in a locked state. When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is deformed, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is used to undergo forced displacement under deformation and generate stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value, inducing the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to undergo martensitic phase transformation and superelastic elongation, thereby driving the detachable locking mechanism 13 to switch to the release state, so that the wind power generation component 7 is separated from the guardrail.

[0030] It should be noted that in this embodiment: Shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 refers to a flexible cable-like structure made of shape memory alloy (SMA) material. This material has shape memory effect and superelasticity properties. Under specific stress or temperature conditions, this material can undergo reversible phase transformation, such as from austenite phase to martensite phase, accompanied by significant deformation recovery or superelastic elongation.

[0031] Martensitic transformation refers to the process by which the crystal structure of a shape memory alloy changes from austenite to martensite when subjected to external stress. This transformation is reversible, and the material can revert to its original austenite phase after stress is unloaded.

[0032] Superelastic elongation refers to the special elastic behavior exhibited by shape memory alloys during martensitic phase transformation. Under stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value, the material can generate elastic strain far greater than that of ordinary metallic materials, and completely restore its original shape after the stress is relieved. This superelastic elongation is the key mechanism for driving the disengaged locking mechanism 13 to switch to the release state in this embodiment.

[0033] The phase transformation critical value refers to the minimum stress value required to induce a martensitic phase transformation in a shape memory alloy. When the stress borne by the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 exceeds this critical value, the internal crystal structure of the material will change, thereby inducing superelastic elongation.

[0034] As a highway infrastructure, the guardrail structure may include multiple posts 1 and corrugated anti-collision beams 3 installed on these posts 1. The posts 1 can have various cross-sectional shapes, such as rectangular, circular, or H-shaped. The corrugated anti-collision beams 3 have internal cavities that can be used to install other functional components. For example, the corrugated anti-collision beams 3 can adopt common W-shaped or triple-wave structures, and the cavities or recesses within them, formed by additional structures, can serve as cavities. These cavities can be formed as part of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3's own structure, or by adding bushings or conduits inside the corrugated anti-collision beam 3.

[0035] The wind power generation component 7 can be a small wind turbine, including blades, a generator body, and a support structure. The connection between the wind power generation component 7 and the guardrail is achieved through a detachable locking mechanism 13. For example, a connecting seat can be provided at the bottom of the wind power generation component 7, and the connecting seat is fixed to the detachable locking mechanism 13 by bolts or welding.

[0036] Specifically, the wind power generation module 7 is mounted above the fixed support platform 5 via a movable base 6. The wind power generation module 7 adopts a vertical axis design to adapt to multi-directional wind flow. Its core components include a central rotating shaft 9, S-shaped spiral blades 8, and a power generation unit built into the movable base 6. The S-shaped spiral blades 8 are fixed to the central rotating shaft 9 via connecting arms, and are made of lightweight carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The lower end of the central rotating shaft 9 is supported by a magnetic levitation bearing 10, significantly reducing mechanical friction and start-up wind speed. Inside the movable base 6, there is a generator stator 11 and a generator rotor 12. The generator rotor 12 rotates with the central rotating shaft 9, cutting magnetic field lines to generate electricity.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, a waterproof energy management box 33 is also installed on the side of the column 11, which integrates an energy management system. The AC power generated by the generator is transmitted through wires to the rectifier and voltage regulator 34 inside the box, where it is converted into DC power. In response to the unstable nature of wind power, the electrical energy is first stored in the supercapacitor module 35 to cope with instantaneous high-current charging, and then slowly released into the lithium titanate battery pack 36 for long-term storage. Finally, it powers streetlights or monitoring equipment through the load interface.

[0038] The detachable locking mechanism 13 has two operating states: a locked state and a released state. In the locked state, the detachable locking mechanism 13 provides rigid fixation to the wind power generation component 7, ensuring that it is securely installed on the guardrail under normal operating conditions, and firmly clamps the connecting seat of the wind power generation component 7 by mechanical force. In the released state, the mechanism releases the constraint on the wind power generation component 7, allowing it to detach from the guardrail, thereby releasing the wind power generation component 7.

[0039] The core component of the induction triggering component 19 is the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21. The shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 can be one or more shape memory alloy wires, with its two ends connected to the interior of the wave-shaped anti-collision beam 3 and the detachable locking mechanism 13, respectively. For example, one end of the flexible cable can be fixed in the receiving cavity or on a certain fastening anchor point 23 of the guardrail, and the other end is led out through the guide hole and connected to the triggering component of the detachable locking mechanism 13 after cooperating with the guide pulley 22.

[0040] When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is not deformed, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is used to maintain the release locking mechanism 13 in a locked state. In this state, the stress on the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is lower than its phase transition critical value, maintaining its normal elastic state. For example, the flexible cable can be in a certain pre-stretched state, and the tension it generates is sufficient to overcome the unlocking resistance inside the release locking mechanism 13, thereby maintaining the closed locking of the mechanism.

[0041] When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is impacted and deformed, the deformation forces the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 in the cavity to undergo forced displacement. This forced displacement causes stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value to be generated inside the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21, thereby inducing the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to undergo martensitic phase transformation and superelastic elongation. Then, the release locking mechanism 13 is triggered to switch to the release state, so that the wind power generation component 7 is separated from the guardrail.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sensing trigger component 19 also includes a linkage cable 20, which is connected in series with the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to form a composite cable structure and extends along the length direction of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3.

[0043] Specifically, the linkage cable 20 is a flexible transmission component that can be made of high-strength steel wire, fiber or other flexible materials. It has good tensile strength and bending properties. Its main function is to serve as an extension or connection part of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21, and to transmit the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 or the displacement of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to the detachable locking mechanism 13.

[0044] The series connection between the linkage cable 20 and the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 can be achieved through mechanical connectors, welding, or gluing, ensuring a firm and reliable connection that can effectively transmit tension. The composite cable structure is arranged within the receiving cavity inside the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, with its axis direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, thus ensuring that deformation at any position along the length of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 can be sensed. One end of the composite cable structure is connected to the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, with the connection point selectable at a fixed end or intermediate support point of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, forming a fastening anchor point 23 to ensure that the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 can be directly and effectively transmitted to the composite cable structure. The other end of the composite cable structure passes through the receiving cavity and connects to the detachable locking mechanism 13. During its passage, frictional resistance can be reduced through guide holes, guide pulleys 22, or low-friction bushings, ensuring smooth displacement transmission when the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 deforms, and directly connecting to the locking mechanism to drive the locking mechanism to switch from the locked state to the released state.

[0045] The composite cable structure can more comprehensively sense the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 at different positions, ensuring that when an impact occurs at any position of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, its deformation can be effectively transmitted through the composite cable structure, thereby triggering the hyperelastic elongation of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21, driving the disengageable locking mechanism 13 to switch to the release state in time, improving the sensitivity and reliability of impact recognition, enabling the wind power generation component 7 to achieve decoupling and separation more timely and accurately when encountering vehicle collision, thereby effectively reducing the risk of equipment damage.

[0046] In the locked state, the shape memory alloy is in a pre-tensioned state of the austenitic phase, and the detachable locking mechanism 13 is kept closed by the tension. When the wave-shaped anti-collision beam 3 is bent or folded and deformed, causing the geometric path of the composite cable structure to be extended, the shape memory alloy undergoes hyperelastic elongation, which causes the closing tension on the detachable locking mechanism 13 to be unloaded, triggering unlocking. During normal wind resistance, the tension of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 in its pre-tensioned state overcomes the spring thrust inside the locking mechanism, maintaining the closed constraint of the mechanism. When a vehicle impact causes severe deformation of the anti-collision beam, the forced displacement of the flexible cable induces a material phase change and produces a large-scale hyperelastic elongation. After the hyperelastic elongation, the tension applied by the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 at the moment of unloading is less than the spring thrust, causing a significant unloading of the original closing tension, thereby breaking the original mechanical balance and causing the internal compressed spring thrust to push open the locking component. The large strain property at the material level is transformed into a mechanical state reversal at the system level, realizing a passive, adaptive, and relatively agile release process, effectively improving the action continuity and long-term reliability of the entire impact recognition and active risk avoidance process.

[0047] The detachable locking mechanism 13 includes a left caliper arm 14, a right caliper arm 15, and a push-release spring 18. The left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15 are hinged together by a pin 16 to form a scissor structure. One end of this scissor structure has a locking hook 17 for securing the wind power generation component 7. The push-release spring 18 is positioned between the two caliper arms and is in a compressed, energy-storing state. Furthermore, a linkage traction ring 24 is connected to the end of the composite cable structure, simultaneously pulling the other ends of the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15. In the locked state, the closing force provided by the composite cable structure is greater than the outward pushing force of the push-release spring 18; however, when the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 undergoes hyperelastic elongation, the closing force is less than the outward pushing force, at which point the push-release spring 18 pushes the two caliper arms apart to release the load.

[0048] Specifically, in the locked state, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is designed to be in a pre-tensioned state in the austenitic phase. This means that during normal operation of the device, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is subjected to a preset tensile stress, maintaining a certain tension. The pre-tensioned state ensures that the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 can continuously provide a stable tension, thereby effectively maintaining the closure of the disengageable locking mechanism 13 and preventing accidental locking under non-impact conditions.

[0049] When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is subjected to external loads such as vehicle impact and undergoes bending or folding deformation, the geometry of its internal cavity will change accordingly, resulting in an extension of the effective geometric path of the composite cable structure passing through it. The extension of the path will force the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to undergo forced displacement and stretching. When the tensile stress reaches a certain threshold, the flexible cable material undergoes a phase transition and exhibits significant hyperelastic elongation. After the sudden hyperelastic elongation, once the shock wave peak has passed, the anti-collision beam will experience a slight elastic rebound, or the large deformation will stop instantly. At this time, the extremely stretched shape memory alloy immediately attempts to contract and restore its original shape, entering the unloading stage, so that its tension is less than the elastic force of the pre-tightened push release spring 18, thereby causing the push release spring 18 to drive the disengageable locking mechanism 13 to switch from the locked state to the released state, ultimately separating the wind power generation component 7 from the guardrail.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, under normal operating conditions, the wind power generation component 7 can be rigidly fixed, allowing it to withstand wind loads without displacement. Upon detection of an impact, the restraint on the wind power generation component 7 can be quickly released, allowing it to safely disengage. The left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15 form the main structure of the disengageable locking mechanism 13. They are hinged together via a pin 16 to form an openable clamping or locking unit, directly contacting the wind power generation component 7 and applying a fixing force. The pin 16 is the pivot connecting the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15, allowing the two caliper arms to rotate relative to each other around this axis, thus realizing the opening and closing action of the mechanism. The scissor structure formed by the hinge of the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15 via the pin 16 facilitates the closure of the mechanism by the traction of a cable and the opening of the mechanism by the thrust of the internal push-release spring 18. The locking hook 17 is located on the inside of one end of the scissor structure to fasten the wind power generation component 7. Its shape and size need to match the movable base 6 of the wind power generation component 7 to ensure a firm fastening and reliable release.

[0051] The push release spring 18 is located between the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15 and is in a compressed and energy-storing state. Its function is to provide a force to push the caliper arm outward after the tension of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is unloaded, thereby driving the disengageable locking mechanism 13 to switch from the locked state to the released state.

[0052] The linkage traction ring 24 is the connector between the composite cable structure and the detachable locking mechanism 13. It transmits the tension at the end of the composite cable structure to the other ends of the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15, thereby achieving synchronous traction of the caliper arms and closing them. In the locked state, the closing force provided by the composite cable structure, namely the tension provided by the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 and the linkage cable 20, can overcome the outward pushing force of the push release spring 18 and ensure the rigid fixation of the wind power generation component 7. When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is impacted, causing the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to undergo hyperelastic elongation, the tension it provides will be significantly unloaded, reducing the closing force of the composite cable structure on the caliper arms. Once the closing force is reduced to less than the outward pushing force of the push release spring 18, the spring's pushing force will dominate, quickly pushing the left caliper arm 14 and the right caliper arm 15 open, releasing the wind power generation component 7 and disengaging it.

[0053] In the locked state, the detachable locking mechanism 13 can effectively overcome the outward pushing force of the push-release spring 18 by utilizing the closing force provided by the composite cable structure, thereby achieving rigid fixation of the wind power generation component 7 and ensuring its stable operation under daily wind loads. When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is impacted and deformed, causing the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to elongate superelastically, the closing tension of the composite cable structure on the caliper arms will be quickly unloaded. Once the closing force is less than the outward pushing force of the push-release spring 18, the energy stored in the push-release spring 18 will be released, quickly pushing the two caliper arms apart, thereby achieving rapid and reliable release of the wind power generation component 7.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the top of the column 1 is provided with a cantilever bracket 4 extending away from the side of the driving lane. The cantilever bracket 4 is L-shaped, and a fixed support platform 5 is fixed at the end of the cantilever bracket 4. The cantilever bracket 4 extends the installation position of the wind power generation component 7 away from the side of the driving lane, thereby preventing the wind power generation component 7 or any part thereof from encroaching on the space above the driving lane and ensuring traffic safety.

[0055] The bottom of the wind power generation component 7 is provided with a movable base 6, which can be disengaged from the locking mechanism 13 and installed on the fixed support platform 5. The wind power generation component 7 is rigidly fixed by fastening the movable base 6.

[0056] The fixed support platform 5 is located at the end of the cantilever bracket 4, serving as the mounting base for the detachable locking mechanism 13 and indirectly supporting the weight of the wind power generation module 7. The fixed support platform 5 is constructed of metal sheet or profiles, and its dimensions and shape should match the mounting interface of the detachable locking mechanism 13 and the interface of the movable base 6 of the wind power generation module 7 to ensure stable and accurate installation. The fixed support platform 5 is securely connected to the end of the cantilever bracket 4 by bolts, riveting, or welding.

[0057] The movable base 6 can be made of a metal plate or casting with a specific geometry (e.g., flanges, grooves, pin holes, or dovetail grooves) that matches the locking mechanism of the releasable locking mechanism 13. The movable base 6 allows the wind power generation module 7 to be easily and quickly installed onto the releasable locking mechanism 13 and to be quickly detached when needed.

[0058] The detachable locking mechanism 13 is mounted on the fixed support platform 5 and mechanically engages with the movable base 6 at the bottom of the wind power generation module 7 via its internal locking components (such as claws, pins, etc.). In the locked state, it provides sufficient rigid support, allowing the wind power generation module 7 to be securely fixed above the guardrail and effectively resist daily wind loads. When the inductive trigger component 19 drives the detachable locking mechanism 13 to switch to the released state, the locking components release from engagement with the movable base 6, thereby allowing the wind power generation module 7 to detach freely.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the cavity is also filled with a multi-stage damping energy absorption system 25. This multi-stage damping energy absorption system 25 is designed to provide effective energy dissipation under different impact intensities through the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms or materials. It can provide corresponding damping and energy absorption effects for impacts of different energy levels, thereby maximizing the protection of structural integrity and reducing impact loads. For example, a layered structure can be used, with each layer of material having different mechanical response characteristics, or multiple energy absorption units can be combined.

[0060] Specifically, the multi-stage damping energy absorption system 25 includes a shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29, which combines the special mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy with the frictional energy dissipation characteristics of steel balls. The energy dissipation cage adopts a geometry that can adapt to the cavity and can withstand and transmit impact loads. The shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29 includes a shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 made of shape memory alloy wires, and solid steel balls 31 wrapped inside the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30. The shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 is made of shape memory alloy wires, whose hyperelastic or pseudoelastic behavior allows it to undergo large recoverable deformation under stress, and generates a significant hysteresis effect through martensitic phase transformation during deformation, thereby dissipating a large amount of mechanical energy. The woven structure increases the flexibility of the material and the contact area with the steel balls, which is conducive to the uniform absorption and transfer of energy. The solid steel balls 31, as the filling material of the energy dissipation cage, will shift inside the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 when the guardrail is deformed by impact. This misalignment generates significant friction, converting the impact kinetic energy into heat energy which is then dissipated. The size, number, and arrangement of the steel balls can be designed according to the expected energy absorption requirements.

[0061] When the guardrail deforms upon impact, the solid steel balls 31 absorb the impact kinetic energy through the slip friction within the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 and the phase transformation hysteresis characteristics of the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30. Upon impact, the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 compresses the energy-dissipating cage within the containment cavity. During compression and shearing, the solid steel balls 31 undergo complex slip motion and rolling within the pores of the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30, generating continuous frictional resistance and thus dissipating a portion of the impact kinetic energy. Simultaneously, the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 itself undergoes a reversible martensitic phase transformation when subjected to tensile, compressive, or shear deformation. This phase transformation process is accompanied by a significant stress-strain hysteresis loop, which efficiently absorbs and dissipates another portion of the impact kinetic energy. The synergistic effect of these two energy dissipation mechanisms enables the system to provide efficient and stable energy absorption capabilities.

[0062] When the guardrail is impacted by a vehicle, the multi-stage damping energy absorption system 25 effectively absorbs and dissipates the impact kinetic energy. When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 deforms, the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29 inside it is subjected to compression and shearing. At this time, the solid steel ball 31 shifts inside the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30, generating significant frictional energy dissipation; simultaneously, the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30 itself undergoes a martensitic phase transformation during deformation, and its inherent phase transformation hysteresis characteristics further dissipate the impact energy. The synergistic effect of this dual energy dissipation mechanism reduces the impact load transmitted to the guardrail body and the wind power generation component 7, thereby effectively protecting the guardrail structure from severe damage and further reducing the risk of damage to the wind power generation component 7 before decoupling. In addition, this purely mechanical passive energy absorption method does not require an external power supply or complex control system, improving the reliability and maintenance convenience of the device in harsh outdoor environments. It complements the impact identification and decoupling mechanism based on the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21, jointly enhancing the overall performance of the entire protective device.

[0063] In addition, the multi-stage damping energy absorption system 25 also includes a shear thickening fluid soft covering layer 26, which is attached to the inner wall of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 and located on the outside of the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29. A Kevlar skin 27 is provided between the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29 and the shear thickening fluid soft covering layer 26. The shear thickening fluid soft covering layer 26 encapsulates a shear thickening fluid 28, which is used to provide flexible buffering under low-speed collisions and harden shear resistance under high-speed impacts to disperse impact stress.

[0064] Specifically, the shear-thickening fluid soft pack 26 is a flexible encapsulation structure that internally encapsulates the shear-thickening fluid 28. As a non-Newtonian fluid, the shear-thickening fluid 28 exhibits unique rheological properties where its viscosity increases significantly with increasing shear rate. That is, it exhibits low viscosity at low shear rates but rapidly "hardens" at high shear rates, displaying shear resistance similar to a solid. The shear-thickening fluid 28 can be a dispersion system based on silica nanoparticles in polyethylene glycol or other suitable carrier liquids. This shear-thickening fluid soft pack 26 is strategically attached to the inner wall of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 and located on the outside of the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29, making it the first structural layer inside the guardrail to contact and respond to external impacts. Through bonding, mechanical fixing, or tight filling, the soft pack is ensured to be firmly fixed to the inner wall of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3, thereby effectively transmitting and dispersing stress upon impact and maintaining its preset protective position.

[0065] In low-speed collisions or scrapes, the shear-thickening fluid soft cladding 26 provides gentle elastic cushioning, effectively absorbing low-energy impacts and reducing damage to the guardrail and vehicle, thus avoiding unnecessary repair costs. However, in high-speed, violent impacts, the shear-thickening fluid 28 instantly exhibits hardened shear resistance, rapidly dispersing localized high stress and uniformly transferring it to the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29 behind it. This tiered protection mechanism allows the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage 29 to more effectively utilize the slip friction of the solid steel balls 31 and the phase transition hysteresis characteristics of the shape memory alloy woven mesh 30, further dissipating high-frequency mechanical energy. Overall, this composite tiered structure achieves a good balance between low-speed, lossless cushioning and high-speed, efficient energy absorption, significantly improving the overall passive protection level of the guardrail and providing more comprehensive and reliable impact protection for the wind power generation components 7.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the impact identification and protection device also includes a safety mooring cable 32, one end of which is connected to the wind power generation component 7 and the other end is anchored to the guardrail, so as to suspend and restrain the wind power generation component 7 in the non-impact area behind the guardrail after it detaches.

[0067] The safety mooring cable 32 can be made of high-strength steel wire rope, polymer fiber rope (such as aramid fiber rope, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber rope), or flexible chain to ensure sufficient strength and durability when subjected to impact loads during the detachment of the wind power generation component 7 and subsequent suspension loads. One end of the safety mooring cable 32 is securely anchored to the guardrail, which can be selected from the guardrail post 1, beam, or a specially designed anchoring structure, and should be located in a stable area of ​​the guardrail to provide reliable fixed support.

[0068] The column 1 is anchored to the concrete foundation 2. Anchoring methods can include U-bolts, anchor bolts, welding, or specialized anchors. The anchoring point design must consider its ability to withstand the impact on the guardrail and the instantaneous tensile force when the wind turbine generator 7 detaches, ensuring it will not loosen or fail during long-term use. The length and anchoring position of the safety tether 32 ensure that the wind turbine generator 7, after detaching from the releasable locking mechanism 13, can be effectively guided and suspended or placed behind the guardrail in a non-impact area away from the roadway.

[0069] Example 2 In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, a method for operating a shock identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity is provided. Utilizing the SMA hyperelasticity-based shock identification and protection device as described in Example 1, the method includes the following steps: Wind-resistant stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 does not deform, the wind power generation component 7 is subjected to wind load and the stress generated is less than the phase change critical value of the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21. The shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 remains elastic and the detachable locking mechanism 13 remains locked, so that the wind power generation component 7 is rigidly fixed to the guardrail. Impact release stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 is impacted and deformed, the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam 3 forces the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 in the accommodating cavity to undergo forced displacement and generate stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value, inducing the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 to produce martensitic deformation and superelastic elongation; the superelastic elongation drives the release locking mechanism 13 to switch from the locked state to the released state, releasing the constraint on the wind power generation component 7, so that the wind power generation component 7 actively detaches from the guardrail body.

[0070] In addition, during the wind-resistant phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 is in a pre-tensioned state, using its closing tension to overcome the spring thrust inside the detachable locking mechanism 13, thereby maintaining the locked state; during the impact release phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable 21 undergoes hyperelastic elongation, causing its closing tension to be unloaded, and the detachable locking mechanism 13 automatically pops open and unlocks under the action of the internal spring thrust, realizing the state switch.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact identification and protection device based on SMA (Superelastic Molecular Angiotensin) elasticity, characterized in that, include: The guardrail includes posts and corrugated anti-collision beams installed on the posts, the corrugated anti-collision beams having internal receiving cavities; The wind power generation module is connected to the top of the guardrail via a detachable locking mechanism. The detachable locking mechanism has a locked state that rigidly fixes the wind power generation module and a released state that releases the constraint on the wind power generation module. The inductive triggering component, housed within the receiving cavity and linked to the detachable locking mechanism, includes a shape memory alloy flexible cable. When the corrugated anti-collision beam is not deformed, the shape memory alloy flexible cable maintains the detachable locking mechanism in a locked state. When the corrugated anti-collision beam deforms, the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes forced displacement under deformation, generating stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value. This induces a martensitic phase transformation and hyperelastic elongation in the shape memory alloy flexible cable, thereby driving the detachable locking mechanism to switch to a released state, separating the wind power generation component from the guardrail.

2. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing trigger component also includes a linkage cable, which is connected in series with a shape memory alloy flexible cable to form a composite cable structure and extends along the length direction of the corrugated anti-collision beam. One end of the composite cable structure is connected to the corrugated anti-collision beam, and the other end passes through the receiving cavity and is connected to the detachable locking mechanism.

3. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the locked state, the shape memory alloy is in a pre-tensioned state of the austenitic phase, and the detachable locking mechanism is maintained closed by tension. When the corrugated anti-collision beam is bent or folded, causing the geometric path of the composite cable structure to be extended, the shape memory alloy undergoes hyperelastic elongation, which causes the closing tension of the detachable locking mechanism to be unloaded, triggering unlocking.

4. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The detachable locking mechanism includes a left caliper arm, a right caliper arm, and a push-release spring; the left caliper arm and the right caliper arm are hinged by a pin to form a scissor structure, and the inner side of one end of the scissor structure is provided with a locking hook for fastening the wind power generation component; the push-release spring is located between the two caliper arms and is in a compressed energy storage state. The composite cable structure is connected to a linkage traction ring at its end. The linkage traction ring simultaneously pulls the other ends of the left and right caliper arms. In the locked state, the closing force provided by the composite cable structure is greater than the outward pushing force of the push release spring. When the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes hyperelastic elongation, the closing force is less than the outward pushing force, and the push release spring pushes the two caliper arms apart to achieve release.

5. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the column is provided with a cantilever bracket extending away from the side of the driving lane, and a fixed support platform is fixed to the end of the cantilever bracket. The bottom of the wind power generation module is equipped with a movable base, which can be disengaged from the locking mechanism and installed on the fixed support platform. The wind power generation module is rigidly fixed by fastening the movable base.

6. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is also filled with a multi-stage damping energy absorption system, which includes a shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage. The shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage includes a shape memory alloy woven mesh made of shape memory alloy wires and a solid steel ball wrapped inside the shape memory alloy woven mesh. When the guardrail is impacted and deformed, the impact kinetic energy is absorbed by the slip friction of the solid steel ball on the shape memory alloy woven mesh and the phase change hysteresis characteristics of the shape memory alloy woven mesh.

7. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-stage damping energy absorption system also includes a shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer. The shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer is attached to the inner wall of the corrugated anti-collision beam and located on the outside of the shape memory alloy-steel ball energy dissipation cage. The shear thickening fluid soft cladding layer is encapsulated with shear thickening fluid to provide flexible buffering under low-speed collisions and harden to resist shear under high-speed impacts to disperse impact stress.

8. The impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a safety mooring line, with one end connected to the wind turbine and the other end anchored to the guardrail, to suspend and restrain it in the non-impact zone behind the guardrail after the wind turbine detaches.

9. A method for operating a shock identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity, comprising the shock identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: Wind-resistant stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam does not deform, the stress generated by the wind load on the wind power generation component is less than the phase change critical value of the shape memory alloy flexible cable. The shape memory alloy flexible cable maintains an elastic state and keeps the release locking mechanism in a locked state, so that the wind power generation component is rigidly fixed to the guardrail. Impact release stage: When the corrugated anti-collision beam is impacted and deformed, the deformation of the corrugated anti-collision beam forces the shape memory alloy flexible cable in the cavity to undergo forced displacement and generate stress exceeding the phase transformation critical value, inducing the shape memory alloy flexible cable to produce martensitic deformation and superelastic elongation; the superelastic elongation drives the release locking mechanism to switch from the locked state to the released state, releasing the constraint on the wind power generation component and allowing the wind power generation component to actively detach from the guardrail body.

10. The working method of the impact identification and protection device based on SMA hyperelasticity as described in claim 9, characterized in that, During the wind-resistant phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable is in a pre-tensioned state, using its closing tension to overcome the spring thrust inside the lockable mechanism, thereby maintaining the locked state. During the impact release phase, the shape memory alloy flexible cable undergoes superelastic elongation, causing the closing tension it provides to be unloaded. The release locking mechanism automatically pops open and unlocks under the action of the internal spring thrust, realizing the state switch.

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