A roadway surface displacement monitoring method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a roadway surface displacement monitoring method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the direction angle values of each monitoring point in the target roadway area in each monitoring period, and determining a displacement trend transition section from the target roadway area based on the direction angle values of each monitoring point; based on the displacement trend transition section, extracting a monitoring point group with continuous one-way change at the junction of the supporting structure, determining a linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group, and obtaining a main control line extension deformation zone; based on the main control line extension deformation zone, drawing a plurality of oblique trend extension observation paths; based on each oblique trend extension observation path, determining a plurality of directionally offset offset monitoring points, and determining corresponding associated sections based on each offset monitoring point; based on each associated section, drawing a roadway surface early warning trigger line segment, obtaining an early warning trigger line segment identification set, and obtaining a displacement monitoring result. The application realizes accurate monitoring of the roadway surface displacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring surface displacement in roadways. Background Technology

[0002] The field of safety monitoring technology encompasses the continuous sensing and monitoring of changes in the stability of surrounding rock, mine pressure, and structural bearing capacity in coal mining environments. This is used to identify potential hazards such as surrounding rock damage, roof delamination, and support failure caused by mining disturbances. The core of this technology involves deploying mechanical parameter acquisition devices and stress monitoring devices to obtain real-time key data on the deformation of coal and rock masses, support structures, and roadway surfaces. This data is then combined with simulation analysis methods to conduct systematic research on mine pressure distribution patterns, surrounding rock failure mechanisms, and the transmission path of support pressure. The overall technical system covers coal seam stress field monitoring, roadway deformation spatial structure modeling, surrounding rock stability analysis, pressure relief control, and roadway layout optimization, and is widely used in the construction of comprehensive safety assurance schemes for near-distance longitudinal coal seam mining scenarios. However, existing roadway surface displacement monitoring methods suffer from inaccurate results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring surface displacement in roadways, the main purpose of which is to solve the problem that current roadway surface displacement monitoring is not accurate enough.

[0004] To address the above problems, this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in roadways, comprising:

[0005] Obtain the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. Based on the displacement trend transition zone, a group of monitoring points that continuously change unidirectionally at the junction of the support structure is extracted, and a linear deformation path is determined based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. Based on the main control line extension deformation zone, several oblique trend extension observation paths are drawn; Based on the observation path extended by each of the oblique trends, several offset monitoring points with directional offsets are determined, and the corresponding associated sections are determined based on each of the offset monitoring points. Based on each associated section, early warning triggering line segments are drawn on the roadway surface to obtain the early warning triggering line segment identifier set and displacement monitoring results are obtained.

[0006] Optionally, the step of obtaining the directional angles of each monitoring point within the target roadway area in each monitoring cycle, and determining the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point, specifically includes: Based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point at each monitoring time, the start monitoring time and end monitoring time of each monitoring point satisfying the predetermined stability threshold are determined, and the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point is obtained. Based on the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point, the directional change trend of each monitoring point when it is within the directional stability interval value is determined, and based on the directional change trend of each monitoring point, each monitoring point is classified to obtain a directional consistency sequence. Based on the consistent direction sequence, the displacement trend transition segment is determined.

[0007] Optionally, the step of extracting a group of continuously unidirectionally changing monitoring points at the interface of the support structure based on the displacement trend transition section, and determining the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the extended deformation zone of the main control line, specifically includes: Based on the displacement trend transition zone, the set of sensing points at the support junction is extracted, the group of monitoring points with continuous unidirectional changes is filtered, and the direction number sequence of the monitoring points is obtained. By calling the monitoring point direction number sequence, the changing direction of the monitoring point group is expanded to both sides, and the displacement vector direction data of the surrounding monitoring points are linked to obtain the directional expansion coverage area at the boundary of the support; Based on the directional expansion coverage area, the cosine fitting degree of the angle between the displacement vectors of adjacent monitoring points is calculated using the fitting degree calculation formula. Each monitoring point is then screened based on the cosine fitting degree to obtain a continuous monitoring point sequence with a cosine fitting degree exceeding a set threshold, thereby obtaining the main control line extension deformation zone.

[0008] Optionally, the step of drawing several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone specifically includes: Based on each oblique monitoring path within the extended deformation zone of the main control line, multiple monitoring point arrays distributed along the crack offset direction on the oblique monitoring path are extracted. The monitoring point arrays are categorized according to their spatial position and arrangement direction. The monitoring points are then numbered and rearranged sequentially in the offset direction to obtain the positioning sequence of each monitoring point. The monitoring point repositioning sequence is called to extract the structural response sequence data of the monitoring points. The sequence is grouped into segments according to the numbering direction. The fluctuation amplitude calculation formula is used to calculate the fluctuation amplitude of the response value within each segment. The interval continuity filtering of the amplitude change of adjacent segments is performed to obtain the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude. Based on the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude, the coordinates of the monitoring points in the structural region of each segment within the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude are extracted, the boundary points are connected in spatial projection order, and each extension path segment is drawn to obtain the observation path of each oblique trend extension.

[0009] Optionally, the step of extending the observation path based on each of the oblique trends, determining several offset monitoring points with directional shifts, and determining the corresponding associated segments based on each of the offset monitoring points specifically includes: Based on the displacement vectors of several mid-segment monitoring points along the same oblique trend extended observation path, and the mean vectors of the directions at both ends of the path, the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point is calculated using the projection ratio calculation formula. Based on the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point in the same oblique trend extension observation path, the mid-segment monitoring points are screened to obtain several directional offset monitoring points corresponding to each oblique trend extension observation path. Based on the offset monitoring points corresponding to the same oblique trend extension observation path, the associated segments corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path are determined.

[0010] Optionally, the step of drawing early warning triggering lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtaining an early warning triggering line segment identifier set, and obtaining displacement monitoring results specifically includes: Based on each associated section, the arrangement direction parameters of the anchoring structure and support components within the coverage area corresponding to the associated section are extracted, and the direction angle data are sorted according to the support number order to obtain the component layout direction parameter set. The component layout direction parameter set is called, and the path offset direction vector corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path is matched with the component layout direction vector according to the spatial position. The monitoring point sequence associated with the direction difference is extracted by combining the predetermined dynamic threshold set to obtain the deviation monitoring point set corresponding to the associated section, which contains several direction deviation monitoring points. Based on the set of deviation monitoring points corresponding to the associated sections, the first and last coordinates of the set of deviation monitoring points are extracted, and the continuous monitoring point coverage boundary is marked on the roadway surface structure map to obtain the early warning trigger line segment of each roadway surface, so as to obtain the displacement monitoring results.

[0011] Optionally, the formula for calculating the goodness of fit is: ; in, Representative monitoring point With monitoring points The cosine fit of the angle between the point displacement vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector, Representative monitoring point displacement vector, This represents the absolute value of the dot product of two vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude, Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude Representative monitoring point With monitoring points European-style spatial distance, This represents the average distance between all adjacent monitoring points within the extended coverage area. Representing the Displacement direction angle value of each monitoring point This represents the average value of the orientation angles of all monitoring points.

[0012] Optionally, the formula for calculating the fluctuation amplitude is: ; in, This represents the fluctuation range of the internal response value of segment s. This represents the number of monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the i-th monitoring point in the s-th segment. This represents the average response value of the monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the first monitoring point in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the monitoring point at the tail end of segment s. This represents the distance along the path from the first monitoring point in segment s. These represent the distance values ​​of the tail monitoring point along the path in the s-th segment.

[0013] Optionally, the projection ratio calculation formula is: ; in, The first observation path representing the oblique trend extension The characteristic value of the projection ratio of each mid-section monitoring point, Representing the Displacement vectors of monitoring points in the middle section The mean vector representing the directions at both ends of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the The sum of squared moduli of the directional differences between each mid-segment monitoring point and the set of adjacent monitoring points Representing the The average modulus of the neighborhood of each mid-section monitoring point Representing the The square of the displacement vector magnitude of each mid-section monitoring point Represents the square of the magnitude of the mean vector in the direction. The mean vector representing the direction is at the unit direction reference. Projection values ​​on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, This represents the total number of monitoring points in the middle section of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the The dot product of the displacement vector and the mean direction vector of each monitoring point in the middle section.

[0014] To address the above problems, this application provides a roadway surface displacement monitoring device, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and to determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. The first determining module is used to extract a group of monitoring points that change continuously in one direction at the junction of the support structure based on the displacement trend transition section, and to determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. The second determining module is used to draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; The third determining module is used to extend the observation path based on each of the oblique trends, determine the offset monitoring points of several directions, and determine the corresponding associated sections based on each of the offset monitoring points. The monitoring module is used to draw early warning trigger lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning trigger line identifier set, and obtain displacement monitoring results.

[0015] The method and device for monitoring roadway surface displacement in this application can reasonably and accurately determine the transition section of displacement trend by acquiring the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in each monitoring cycle. This allows for the reasonable and accurate determination of the extension deformation zone of the main control line based on the transition section of displacement trend. Furthermore, it enables the rapid and accurate determination of the turning point concentration section based on the extension deformation zone of the main control line, thereby locking the position of the warning line segment. This gives the spatial response recognition the ability to be directional, sequential, and segment-focused, achieving precise displacement monitoring.

[0016] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring roadway surface displacement according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a roadway surface displacement monitoring device according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Various embodiments and features of this application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] It should be understood that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein. Therefore, the above description should not be considered as limiting, but merely as an example of embodiments. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of this application will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the general description of the present application given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0021] These and other features of this application will become apparent from the following description of preferred forms of embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should also be understood that although this application has been described with reference to some specific examples, those skilled in the art can certainly implement many other equivalent forms of this application.

[0023] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and in view of the following detailed description.

[0024] Specific embodiments of this application are described thereafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, it should be understood that the claimed embodiments are merely examples of this application, which can be implemented in various ways. Well-known and / or repeated functions and structures are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary or redundant details that could obscure the application. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details claimed herein are not intended to be limiting, but merely serve as the basis and representative basis for the claims to teach those skilled in the art to use this application in a variety of substantially any suitable detailed structures.

[0025] This specification may use the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in another embodiment,” “in yet another embodiment,” or “in other embodiments,” all of which may refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments according to this application.

[0026] Existing roadway surface displacement monitoring technologies primarily rely on acquisition devices to obtain structural deformation data. However, the monitoring logic is based on a static deployment and fixed-path feedback model, lacking the ability to adjust the path in real time according to structural change trends. This results in the monitoring path failing to cover key variation areas when the response behavior expands and changes. Simultaneously, structural judgment methods are based on single-point or local mean strategies, failing to establish a sequential coordination mechanism among monitoring point groups, leading to weak identification capabilities for locally abrupt change zones. In areas where complex structures intersect, due to the angular offset between the crack orientation and the support direction, existing solutions lack a matching strategy between the response direction and the deployment direction, failing to identify areas with concentrated angular changes. This often leads to failure in critical state identification, especially in areas with abrupt orientation changes or structural segmentation, where existing monitoring results cannot effectively locate risk points. For example, when the support structure within the roadway rapidly transitions between longitudinal and transverse directions, existing strategies cannot determine whether the concentrated angular offset sections have reached the early warning response threshold, limiting the construction of continuous early warning paths for heterogeneous structures within the area.

[0027] This application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in roadways. The method acquires the deformation of the surrounding rock by deploying fiber optic displacement sensor arrays in the field. Combined with experimentally measured parameters such as the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the coal and rock mass, a three-dimensional stress field distribution model of the roadway area is established using a spatial structure reconstruction method. At the same time, using measured data of roadway deformation and surrounding rock failure depth, a time-series displacement evolution and support pressure transmission characteristic function is constructed. Risk level zoning is achieved through dual threshold standards of strain gradient and deformation rate, and early warning triggering conditions are determined accordingly.

[0028] Specifically, this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in roadways, which can be applied to electronic devices such as terminals and servers. Figure 1 As shown, the method in this embodiment includes the following steps: Step S101: Obtain the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. In this step, the directional angle values ​​at each monitoring point at each monitoring time / cycle are obtained. Then, based on the directional angle values ​​of the same monitoring point at each monitoring time, the start and end monitoring times for each monitoring point to meet a predetermined stability threshold are determined, thus obtaining the target monitoring period for each monitoring point. Next, based on the change in directional angle of the monitoring point at each monitoring time within the target monitoring period, the directional change trend of the monitoring point is determined. This directional change trend includes: upward, downward, and fluctuating trends. Finally, based on the directional change trends of each monitoring point, the monitoring points are categorized into directional consistency sequences; based on these directional consistency sequences, the transitional segments of the displacement trend are determined.

[0029] Step S102: Based on the displacement trend transition section, extract the monitoring point group that continuously changes in one direction at the junction of the support structure, and determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. In the specific implementation process of this step, based on the displacement trend transition section, the sensing points at the junction of the support structure are sorted and numbered according to polar coordinates, and the surrounding monitoring points are linked and the offset direction is analyzed by vector superposition to obtain the extension deformation zone of the main control line.

[0030] Step S103: Draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; In the specific implementation process, this step can be based on the main control line extension deformation zone, the sequence of monitoring points along the offset direction in the oblique path can be repositioned, each segment of response direction can be sorted out and divided into groups, and the path boundary can be marked by combining the extension state of the structural deformation line in the region, forming several oblique trend extension observation paths.

[0031] Step S104: Based on the oblique trend, extend the observation path, determine several offset monitoring points for directional shifts, and determine the corresponding associated segments based on each offset monitoring point; In the specific implementation process, this step can be based on extending the observation path according to the oblique trend, comparing the directions of the start and end segments, marking the displacement deflection characteristics of the middle segment, and mapping them to the corresponding area of ​​the structure numbering diagram to obtain the associated segment corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path.

[0032] Step S105: Draw early warning triggering lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning triggering line segment identifier set, and obtain the displacement monitoring results.

[0033] In the specific implementation process, this step can be based on each associated section, matching the change in the angle between the path direction and the support layout direction, identifying sections with concentrated abnormal angles, merging the coordinates of the beginning and end monitoring points, and obtaining the set of early warning trigger line segment identifiers on the roadway surface.

[0034] The method in this embodiment can reasonably and accurately determine the displacement trend transition segment by obtaining the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in each monitoring cycle. This allows for the reasonable and accurate determination of the main control line extension deformation zone based on the displacement trend transition segment. Furthermore, it enables the rapid and accurate determination of the turning point concentration section based on the main control line extension deformation zone, thereby locking the position of the warning line segment. This gives the spatial response recognition the ability to be directional, sequential, and segment-focused, achieving precise displacement monitoring.

[0035] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in a roadway. In this embodiment, when obtaining the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determining the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point, that is, when executing step S101, it specifically includes: Step S101-1: Based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point at each monitoring time, determine the start monitoring time and end monitoring time of each monitoring point that satisfy the predetermined stability threshold, and obtain the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point. In this step, the periodic displacement direction data of the nodes in the fiber optic displacement sensor array are collected. The direction change values ​​are arranged according to the sensor number and period order. Data segments whose direction difference range within a continuous period is within the set threshold of direction fluctuation are selected and mapped to the corresponding node number to obtain the direction stability interval value.

[0036] Specifically, firstly, 16 fiber optic displacement sensor nodes are deployed along a sensing path. Each node records the planar displacement direction angle value once every 30 minutes, forming a two-dimensional direction angle matrix with the node / monitoring point number as the vertical axis and the time period as the horizontal axis. Based on this, the direction angle value sequence within a continuous monitoring period is extracted for each monitoring point, and a one-to-one correspondence is established between the monitoring point number and the time period. For example, the direction angle values ​​recorded by monitoring point D5 in periods 1 to 8 are 85°, 86°, 84°, 85°, 83°, 82°, 85°, and 84° respectively, thus constructing direction data units D5-01 to D5-08. Subsequently, the direction difference between adjacent periods in the direction angle sequence is calculated by subtracting the direction angle value of the previous period from the direction angle value of the subsequent period and taking the absolute value, thereby obtaining the direction change trend of the monitoring point in the time dimension. A direction fluctuation judgment threshold is set based on the direction response characteristics of the engineering site. For example, the threshold range can be set according to the concentrated interval of direction difference in similar previous working conditions. The system uses the threshold value [3°, 3°] to determine whether the direction is stable during each adjacent period. If the direction difference of a monitoring point is less than the threshold range in all adjacent periods across several consecutive periods, the direction change within that consecutive period is considered stable. The corresponding monitoring point number and period number are then traced back to extract the direction-stable time period. For example, if the direction difference of monitoring point D5 satisfies the stability threshold condition in all periods from 2 to 8, then D5-02 to D5-08 are identified as its direction-stable period. Further, the system identifies the longest stable period corresponding to each monitoring point in the complete time series and uses the start and end period number index of this period as the direction-stable interval value for that monitoring point. This value is used to quantify the duration of direction stability of a single monitoring point in the time dimension and serves as the input for subsequent steps to extract the sequence of monitoring points with consistent direction and for partitioning and classification processing, thus obtaining the direction-stable interval value.

[0037] Step S101-2: Based on the direction stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point, determine the direction change trend of each monitoring point when it is within the direction stability interval value, and classify each monitoring point based on the direction change trend of each monitoring point to obtain a direction consistent sequence; In this step, the process begins by identifying multiple monitoring points with continuous data segments within the obtained stable directional interval values. Examples include monitoring points A1, A2, A3, B1, and B2. If these points exhibit continuous directional fluctuations below ±3° within periods 3 to 8, they can be preliminarily identified as candidate monitoring point sequences. Based on this, the directional change trend of each monitoring point within the stable interval is extracted. This involves determining the direction of increase or decrease in the directional angle change within each periodic directional value sequence. For example, A1 changing from 85° to 92° periodically indicates an upward trend, while B1 changing from 88° to 80° periodically indicates a downward trend. If the directional value fluctuation within the periodic sequence is less than the directional fluctuation threshold and does not form a fixed directional increase or decrease trend, it can be designated as an abnormal monitoring point that does not participate in pairing. Subsequently, the directional change direction of each monitoring point is paired with its time sequence. For example, monitoring point A1 forms pairs such as (period 3, +1°), (period 4, +1°), and (period 5, +1°). For each monitoring point, the direction of change is determined by analyzing pairs of directional changes, such as 1° and (period 5, +1°). If the directional change values ​​are all positive for three consecutive periods, the directional change of that monitoring point is considered to be continuously rising; if they are all negative, it is considered to be continuously falling. If the direction alternates between positive and negative values ​​in adjacent periods, it is considered to be fluctuating and is not included in the classification process. During this process, the directional change trend needs to be converted into positive and negative increment markers within the period, and a tolerance threshold for directional consistency judgment needs to be set. It is recommended that the tolerance threshold allow one directional change within one period. Under this condition, if monitoring point A1 has 5 positive directional increments and 1 negative increment within 6 periods, it can still be judged as a consistent upward trend. After performing the above judgment on all monitoring points, monitoring points with the same directional change trend are numbered and classified. The numbered sets are aggregated according to the rising, falling, and fluctuating types, and corresponding sorting tables are generated. Finally, the consistent directional sequence value is obtained.

[0038] Step S101-3: Based on the direction consistency sequence, determine the displacement trend transition segment; In the specific implementation process, this step can extract the monitoring point numbers at the beginning and end of the sequence based on the consistent direction sequence value, and compare the boundary position with the structural direction offset value with the tunnel structure diagram and the crack direction. The boundary positions with offset difference exceeding the threshold are screened out to obtain the displacement trend transition section.

[0039] Specifically, firstly, all upward trend groups are identified from the already categorized sequence of monitoring points with consistent direction. The starting and ending monitoring points of each group are then assigned numbers. For example, if an upward trend group includes monitoring points D01 to D12, D01 and D12 are extracted as the starting and ending monitoring point numbers for that group, respectively. Then, combining the tunnel structure diagram and known fracture orientation information, the spatial coordinates of the monitoring points are mapped onto the tunnel diagram and compared with the tunnel axis direction or fracture extension direction to obtain the fracture's main orientation angle as a comparison benchmark (e.g., the fracture's main orientation is 45° northeast). Next, the main axis orientation is extracted from the line connecting the starting and ending monitoring points of each group, and the angle between it and the benchmark orientation is calculated. This angle is the orientation offset value of the sequence boundary. If the angle between the direction of the line connecting the starting and ending points and the fracture's main orientation is 28°, then that group is recorded as having a boundary orientation offset value of 28°. This process applies to all groups of monitoring points with consistent direction and is processed group by group to obtain the set of boundary offset angle values ​​corresponding to all monitoring point groups. Next, a threshold for the deviation difference in the direction of the crack is set. This threshold is set according to the allowable error range of the structure and the on-site reference data. It is recommended to use ±15° of the mode of the crack direction as the allowable deviation range. For example, if the mode of the direction is 45°, then the allowable range is [30°, 60°]. When the boundary deviation of a certain monitoring point group is 28°, that is, it is not within the allowable range, the monitoring point group is determined to be an abnormal deviation group. Following this logic, the deviation of the first and last line of all monitoring point groups with the same direction is screened to identify abnormal monitoring point groups whose deviation angle exceeds the threshold. Furthermore, all monitoring points of these abnormal monitoring point groups are merged and their start and end monitoring point numbers and coordinate information are extracted and uniformly identified as a continuous segment, finally obtaining the displacement trend transition segment.

[0040] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in a roadway. In this embodiment, when extracting a group of continuously unidirectionally changing monitoring points at the interface of the support structure based on the displacement trend transition section, and determining the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the extended deformation zone of the main control line, that is, when executing step S102, it specifically includes: Step S102-1: Based on the displacement trend transition section, extract the set of sensing points at the support junction, filter the monitoring point group with continuous unidirectional change, and obtain the monitoring point direction number sequence. In the specific implementation process of this step, the spatial boundary line positions corresponding to all monitoring points in the displacement trend transition section can be clearly identified first. Representative monitoring points near the splicing point are extracted from the junction areas of multiple support structures. That is, the monitoring point layout map is spatially superimposed with the support structure layout map to extract typical monitoring points located on the splicing boundaries of different support structures, forming a set of junction sensing points. For example, the selected monitoring points C03, C04, D01, D02, E01, and E02 are located at the junctions of multiple support areas. Then, the plane displacement direction angle values ​​of these sensing points in continuous periods are extracted. A two-dimensional direction value sequence matrix is ​​established according to the time period number. The direction value change trend of each sensing point in the periodic sequence is analyzed. The monitoring point sequence group with continuous unidirectional change of direction value is identified. If the direction value continuously increases or decreases with the period and the number of continuous periods is not less than a set threshold (e.g., not less than 5 consecutive periods), it is considered a valid signal. The monitoring point is then determined to be a valid monitoring point with a single trend. For example, the directional values ​​of monitoring point D01 in the 1st to 5th cycles are 74°, 76°, 79°, 80°, and 82°, respectively, satisfying a continuous increasing trend. All monitoring points that meet this trend condition will be assigned to a unidirectional change monitoring point group that is continuously increasing or continuously decreasing. Monitoring points with discontinuous directional change trends or mixed directional changes will be removed. Then, the spatial coordinates of each selected unidirectional change monitoring point group are converted to a polar coordinate system. Using a representative reference point as the pole, the polar angle and polar radius between each monitoring point and the pole are calculated. The monitoring points are then numbered and rearranged in ascending order of polar angle, thereby constructing a spatial sequence of monitoring points under the directional change path. For example, the sorting results E01, D02, C04, and C03 indicate that the directional change path is from the upper right to the lower left. Finally, the monitoring point number sequence under each group of directional change paths is output, resulting in the monitoring point directional number sequence.

[0041] Step S102-2: Call the monitoring point direction number sequence, expand the monitoring point group change direction to both sides, and link the displacement vector direction data of the surrounding monitoring points to obtain the direction expansion coverage area at the boundary of the cover support; In this step, each continuous monitoring point in the numbered sequence can be used, extending two to three monitoring points outward from the starting and ending monitoring points respectively. These points serve as the analysis objects for judging the expansion of the directional trend, assisting in identifying whether the original trend has spatial continuity. The displacement direction values ​​of these extended monitoring points within the continuous monitoring period are extracted, and the angle between their directional change trend and the main direction of the original monitoring point sequence is calculated. This angle is obtained using spatial vector dot product. If this angle falls within the set deviation judgment range (recommended to be within ±5°, referring to the error range of underground coal mine sensing measurements), the extended monitoring point is included in the trend-consistent monitoring point; those exceeding the deviation range are excluded and not entered into the expansion judgment process. Subsequently, the monitoring points adjacent to this monitoring point are extracted to construct a periodic two-dimensional directional change matrix for this monitoring point. This matrix is ​​sorted by time series to form an evolution trajectory, and its trajectory direction is compared with the parallelism of the original trend's main direction trajectory. By judging the continuity and consistency of the monitoring point's directional sequence and the maximum amplitude difference of directional fluctuations during each period, a comprehensive assessment is made as to whether it is a trend-continuing monitoring point. If its direction value is 46°, 48°, and 45.5° in three consecutive periods, while the main direction of the original sequence is 47°, then its fluctuation value is less than 3° and the trend direction remains unchanged, and it can be regarded as a continuing monitoring point. Conversely, if its angle changes to 35°, 40°, 60°, etc., and the maximum angle difference during the period is greater than 15°, then the point does not meet the condition of directional trend continuity and is removed. After screening, all the extended monitoring point numbers that pass the judgment are uniformly included in the trend extension set, and their corresponding spatial coordinate information is extracted. Using the monitoring point number and spatial location as indexes, a directional trend extension path diagram is drawn. Then, it is judged whether the path crosses the boundary line of the original support structure area. If the monitoring point number contained in the path crosses two support area intervals (for example, numbers 020-025 and 031-035 belong to different structural systems), then it is regarded as the path crossing the structural boundary. For each identified crossing path, a unique path identifier ID is generated, and its starting and ending monitoring point numbers, directional range, number range, and spatial coordinate range information are associated to obtain the directional extended coverage area at the boundary of the coverage support.

[0042] Step S102-3: Based on the direction of the extended coverage area, the cosine fitting degree of the angle between the displacement vectors of adjacent monitoring points is calculated using the fitting degree calculation formula. Each monitoring point is then screened based on the cosine fitting degree to obtain a continuous monitoring point sequence with a cosine fitting degree exceeding a set threshold, thereby obtaining the main control line extension deformation zone.

[0043] In the specific implementation of this step, the formula for calculating the goodness of fit is as follows: ; in, Representative monitoring point With monitoring points The cosine fit of the angle between the point displacement vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector, Representative monitoring point displacement vector, This represents the absolute value of the dot product of two vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude Representative monitoring point With monitoring points European-style spatial distance, This represents the average distance between all adjacent monitoring points within the extended coverage area. Representing the Displacement direction angle value of each monitoring point This represents the average value of the orientation angles of all monitoring points; Assumption: Monitoring points measured within the data collection period The displacements in the X and Y directions are mm mm; The corresponding vector is (7.2, 4.6); monitoring points The displacement in the same period is mm mm; The corresponding vector is The dot product is calculated as follows: ; monitoring points The coordinates are (115.0, 240.5), monitoring point The coordinates are (122.2, 245.3); Distance is calculated as follows: ; ; ; The average distance was calculated based on the distance data of 20 adjacent monitoring points within the directional expansion coverage area. If the sum of these 20 data sets is 169.2 mm, then: ; have to: ; Such as monitoring points The angle is The set of directions and angles is ,in The average angle is: ; The total deviation of the orientation angle is: ; The vector magnitudes of the monitoring points are as follows: ; ; Substituting into the formula, we get: ; ; ; This result indicates that the monitoring points With monitoring points The overall goodness of fit between the directional angle and displacement distance is 0.728. When this value exceeds the set continuous chain group judgment threshold of 0.70, the monitoring point... and It is considered as one of the groups in the directional consistent chain group, and further participates in the continuous chain path fitting judgment and spatial coordinate connection of the main control line extension deformation zone.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in a roadway. In this embodiment, when drawing several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the deformation zone of the main control line, that is, when performing step S103, the following steps are specifically included: Step S103-1: Based on each oblique monitoring path within the main control line extension deformation zone, extract multiple monitoring point arrays distributed along the crack offset direction on the oblique monitoring path, classify the monitoring point arrays according to their spatial position and arrangement direction, and rearrange the monitoring points in order in the offset direction to obtain the positioning sequence of each monitoring point. In the specific implementation process of this step, it is first necessary to identify multiple corresponding oblique path regions from the deformation zone extending from the main control line, and extract the layout map of monitoring points along the main direction of the fracture in each path region, obtaining the number, spatial coordinates, and corresponding row and column information of the monitoring point arrays in each oblique path. For example, if there are four arrays in a certain path region, each array contains 6 monitoring points, numbered T01-T06, T07-T12, etc., a two-dimensional spatial position matrix is ​​established on the basis of arrays. Then, the planar coordinate data of the monitoring points in each array are processed for orientation classification, and the main arrangement direction is calculated based on the difference between the horizontal and vertical coordinates. For example, if the average increase in the X coordinate of T01 to T06 is +1.2 and the average increase in the Y coordinate is +0.4, then the main arrangement direction is northeast-east. The orientation type judgment standard is set according to the coordinate increase ratio: when the X / Y ratio is greater than 2, it is classified as a main orientation arrangement; between 0.5 and 2, it is classified as a secondary orientation arrangement; and less than 0.5, it is classified as a non-directional arrangement. Arrays conforming to either primary or secondary directional patterns are considered target arrays with directional trend characteristics. Their monitoring point numbers need to be further extracted and sorted spatially according to the overall offset direction, numbered sequentially from the offset start point to the end point, thus rearranging the monitoring points within the array. If T01 to T06 are linearly distributed along the offset direction, they are sorted by X-coordinate from smallest to largest as T01, T02, T03, T04, T05, and T06, representing their response direction under the offset trend. After rearranging the numbers within all arrays, the numbering results of each array are merged, duplicate numbers are removed, and a unified monitoring point relocation numbering structure is generated for the diagonal path region. Finally, a corresponding relocation number sequence is established for each target array with directional trend characteristics, resulting in a monitoring point relocation sequence.

[0045] Step S103-2: Call the monitoring point positioning sequence, extract the structural response sequence data of the monitoring points, group the sequence into segments according to the numbering direction, calculate the fluctuation amplitude of the response value within each segment using the fluctuation amplitude calculation formula, and perform interval continuity filtering on the amplitude changes of adjacent segments to obtain the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude. In the specific implementation of this step, the formula for calculating the fluctuation range is as follows: ; in, This represents the fluctuation range of the internal response value of segment s. This represents the number of monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the i-th monitoring point in the s-th segment. This represents the average response value of the monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the first monitoring point in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the monitoring point at the tail end of segment s. This represents the distance along the path from the first monitoring point in segment s. These represent the distance values ​​along the path of the tail monitoring point in segment s; Assumption: =6 mm, sampling frequency is once every 30 minutes. =2.1, 2.4, 2.0, 2.6, 2.3, 2.2; This represents the average response value of all monitoring points in this segment; ; According to the calculation based on the first part of the formula: ; The result of the first calculation is: ; In item 2 =2.1, =2.2, =0.5 meters, =3.5 meters; Substitute into the calculation of the second term: ; ; ; Combine the two results: ; The results show that the deviation of the structural response within this segment from the average value is 0.217. This value is used as an index of the fluctuation range of the structural response value and is input into the subsequent adjacent segment amplitude change continuity screening step to identify whether the distribution interval has response continuity characteristics, thereby obtaining the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude.

[0046] Step S103-3: Based on the continuous distribution interval of sequence amplitude, extract the coordinates of the monitoring points in the structural region for each segment within the continuous distribution interval of sequence amplitude, connect the boundary points in the spatial projection order, draw each extension path segment, and obtain each oblique trend extension observation path.

[0047] In the specific implementation process of this step, it is first necessary to confirm the starting and ending monitoring points of the continuous segments in each sequence. For example, if the continuous amplitude range of the response in a certain direction is T05 to T11, the planar coordinate values ​​of T05 to T11 are queried in the structural layout diagram. These coordinates are extracted into a set of coordinate points according to their numbering order, and then marked according to the relative position of the path to which the monitoring point belongs in the structural diagram. For example, T05 is located at X=30.2, Y=41.6, T06 is located at X=31.4, Y=42.3, and so on to obtain the corresponding coordinates of each monitoring point. Then, the monitoring points are projected sequentially onto the main observation plane of the monitoring area, and connected according to the spatial order in the principal axis direction after projection to establish the logical ordering relationship of the boundary points. The judgment method can be based on the phase difference between any two monitoring points. For calculating positional differences, for example, using the X-axis as the primary reference, each monitoring point is arranged in ascending order of X-coordinate and numbered sequentially. Adjacent points are then connected by coordinate lines to form extended path segments. For example, line segments are drawn sequentially from T05→T06→T07, and the start and end coordinates of each line segment are recorded and written into the line segment set. Subsequently, subsequent monitoring point segments are processed in the same interval until all monitoring points in the entire continuous distribution interval have been linked to form directed line segment groups. The path line segment sets of multiple segments are merged sequentially and overlaid on the background of the structure diagram to form a unified boundary extension path structure within the region. Finally, the total set of path line segments formed by each continuous segment is output to obtain the oblique trend extension observation path.

[0048] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in a roadway. In this embodiment, when determining several directional displacement monitoring points based on the observation path extended according to the oblique trends, and determining the corresponding associated sections based on each displacement monitoring point, that is, when executing step S104, it specifically includes: Step S104-1: Based on the displacement vectors of several mid-segment monitoring points in the same oblique trend extended observation path, and the mean vectors of the directions at both ends of the path, calculate the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point using the projection ratio calculation formula. In the specific implementation process, this step can be based on the oblique trend to extend the observation path, extract the displacement vector direction parameters of the monitoring points at both ends of the path, obtain the displacement direction set of the path endpoints, and then call the displacement direction set of the path endpoints to calculate the ratio of the projection length of the displacement vector of the monitoring point in the middle of the path to the average vector of the direction at both ends.

[0049] Specifically, firstly, for the multiple oblique trend extension path regions identified in the main control line extension deformation zone, the identification numbers of the two monitoring points at the very beginning and the very end of each path are extracted one by one. The displacement data recorded within each continuous period is then retrieved, and the spatial position changes of the two endpoints in each period are calculated. Through three-dimensional coordinate difference conversion, a spatial displacement vector sequence between adjacent time points is obtained, thus yielding the displacement direction vectors at both ends of the path. Subsequently, the stability of this vector sequence within the period is checked, and a set of direction quantities with consistent changing trends is extracted as the basic set of path endpoint directions. During the extraction process, the order of endpoint numbers and direction points must be kept consistent to avoid direction misjudgment due to endpoint interchange. Next, the extracted path endpoint direction vectors are merged and marked point by point with the direction data of the central monitoring points in the middle region of the path (i.e., continuous monitoring points located in the middle section of the path). The direction difference angle is used to determine whether there is a trend reversal behavior in the middle section. If the directional fluctuation amplitude at the path endpoints remains within 30 degrees of the main direction for three cycles, and no directional abrupt change occurs in the middle section, the path is classified as a "consistent directional path sample." Conversely, if there is a significant directional abrupt change or the fluctuation range exceeds the threshold in the middle section, it is classified as a "directional oscillation path sample." To further enhance the spatial basis for path trend judgment, a direction vector is set at the midpoint of the path, and the angle and fluctuation range between the vector and the two ends are statistically analyzed to construct a statistical parameter table of path direction angles. Combined with the extended directional displacement data of each monitoring point, this data is used to determine the consistency or oscillation characteristics of the path's directional trend. Finally, the directional vector data from the two ends and the middle section of the path are integrated to output a unified path direction feature structure, resulting in a path endpoint displacement direction set. Then, the path endpoint displacement direction set is called to calculate the ratio of the projected length of the displacement vector of the monitoring point in the middle section to the mean vector of the two ends of the path, or the projection ratio characteristic value.

[0050] The formula for calculating the projection ratio is: ; in, The first observation path representing the oblique trend extension The projection ratio of each mid-section monitoring point Representing the Displacement vectors of monitoring points in the middle of the path, The mean vector representing the directions at both ends of the path. Representing the Sum of squared moduli of the directional differences between each monitoring point and the set of adjacent monitoring points Representing the Average modulus of the neighborhood of each monitoring point Representing the The square of the displacement vector magnitude of each monitoring point Represents the square of the magnitude of the mean vector in the direction. The mean vector representing the direction is at the unit direction reference. Projection values ​​on, Representing the Each monitoring point is at the directional reference. Displacement projection value on, Representing the Each monitoring point is at the directional reference. Displacement projection value on, This represents the total number of monitoring points in the middle section of the path. Representing the The dot product of the displacement vector and the direction mean vector of each monitoring point; Assumption: Let the initial coordinates of the monitoring point be (100.0, 200.0, 50.0) mm, and the current coordinates be (105.0, 202.0, 52.0) mm, then the displacement vector is... mm; Let the starting direction vector be (1.0, 0.0, 0.0) and the ending direction vector be (0.0, 1.0, 0.0), then the mean vector is... ; Let the displacement vectors of adjacent monitoring points be respectively mm and mm, then ; Let the displacement vector magnitudes of adjacent monitoring points be respectively mm, then ; ; ; ; set up mm, mm, mm, then: ; ; ; The total number of monitoring points in the middle section of the path, let's assume... .

[0051] Formula calculation process: calculate : ; ; calculate : ; calculate : ; Calculate the numerator: ; Calculate the denominator: ; calculate : ; This result indicates that the first The characteristic value of the projection ratio of the monitoring points in the middle section of the path is 1.04. This value reflects the comprehensive relationship between the projection length of the displacement vector of the monitoring point onto the mean vector at both ends of the path and its differences in neighborhood directions and magnitudes. If all monitoring points... By performing statistical analysis on the values, monitoring points with ratios in the low range can be screened out, and the directional offset monitoring point identifiers can be obtained.

[0052] Step S104-2: Based on the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point in the same oblique trend extension observation path, each mid-segment monitoring point is screened to obtain several directional offset monitoring points corresponding to each oblique trend extension observation path. In this step, monitoring points with a continuously decreasing ratio can be selected to obtain the directional offset monitoring point identifiers.

[0053] For example, the projection ratio characteristic value of a certain monitoring point is 1.04. This value reflects the comprehensive relationship between the projected length of the displacement vector of the monitoring point on the mean vector of the directions at both ends of the path and the differences in its neighborhood directions and magnitudes. If all monitoring points... By performing statistical analysis on the values, monitoring points with ratios in the low range can be screened out, and the directional offset monitoring point identifiers can be obtained.

[0054] Step S104-3: Based on each offset monitoring point corresponding to the same oblique trend extension observation path, determine the associated segment corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path; In the specific implementation process, this step can be based on the directional offset monitoring point identifier to locate the monitoring point's belonging area in the structure numbering diagram, integrate the coverage area boundaries of adjacent monitoring points, and obtain the structural association section of the early warning key point.

[0055] Specifically, the index relationship between the number of each offset monitoring point and its corresponding structural region is checked item by item. The structural segment identifier corresponding to each monitoring point number in the structural numbering diagram and its actual position in the drawing are read. The region number to which the monitoring point belongs is determined based on the shortest distance relationship between the spatial coordinates of the monitoring point and the monitoring points on the edge of the structural layout. After multiple directional offset monitoring points are assigned to the corresponding structural regions in the numbering diagram, the boundary extension direction of these monitoring points in the original observation area is retrieved one by one, and the spatial coverage radius range controlled by them is marked. Subsequently, the boundary merging operation is performed by combining the minimum envelope rectangle boundary between two or more adjacent offset monitoring points in space. Boundary segments with intersections or overlaps are merged to generate the joint response boundary of continuous monitoring points. Then, the vertex coordinates of each joint boundary are extracted. The boundary segments are marked and projected onto the reference baseline set in the structure numbering diagram. An angle set between the boundary segments and the structure baselines is constructed, and segments with reversed directions are removed, retaining only stable boundary segments with consistent directions. Further, the distribution frequency difference of the monitoring point numbers on both sides of the boundary is used to identify whether it crosses a structure segment. When a boundary segment covers two or more different structure numbering areas at the same time, and its segment length exceeds twice the average spacing between monitoring points, it can be determined as a structure-related boundary segment and stored. Finally, the spatial correspondence of the boundary segments is merged by layer overlay, duplicate monitoring point numbers are removed, and the structure number sequence contained in each continuous segment is extracted. Combined with the corresponding monitoring point numbers at both ends and the spatial coordinate point set, the number range and boundary description information of each structure-related segment are output to obtain the structure-related segments of the early warning key points.

[0056] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring surface displacement in a roadway. In this embodiment, when determining several directional displacement monitoring points based on the observation path extended according to the oblique trends, and determining the corresponding associated sections based on each displacement monitoring point, that is, when executing step S105, it specifically includes: Step S105-1: Based on each associated section, extract the arrangement direction parameters of the anchoring structure and support components within the coverage area corresponding to the associated section, organize the direction angle data according to the support number order, and obtain the component layout direction parameter set. In this step, the structural number labels of the support components within the section with intersecting orientations are first identified. Based on the information marked on the drawings, the spatial coordinates corresponding to the start and end points of each component are determined. The angle formed between the component connection line and the main axis of the roadway is calculated as the orientation angle parameter. A positive orientation angle indicates that the component deviates to the right of the main axis of the roadway, and a negative value indicates deviating to the left. Then, the orientation angles of all components are arranged in numerical order, and their spatial position index within the component layout section is recorded. If the variation in orientation angle between consecutive components exceeds a set angle difference threshold, the component is determined to be... Deploy directional change points; if the directional angles of three consecutive components show a monotonically increasing or decreasing trend, they are identified as the main control line reference components for that directional zone; for the spatial location of such main control components, perform labeling and grouping aggregation processing, extract and summarize the dominant directional zone features, combine the overall deployment tendency guided by such components to construct a set of directional feature components, and map their spatial distribution one by one with the directional offset trend of monitoring points in the structural association section of the early warning key point, forming a corresponding set of component directional angle parameters and monitoring point directional change patterns, thus obtaining the component deployment directional parameter set.

[0057] Step S105-2: Call the component layout direction parameter set, match the path offset direction vector corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path with the component layout direction vector according to the spatial position, and extract the monitoring point sequence associated with the direction difference in combination with the predetermined dynamic threshold set to obtain the deviation monitoring point set corresponding to the associated section, which contains several direction deviation monitoring points. In this step, the spatial coordinates of each monitoring point within the coverage area are first extracted point by point. Based on the component layout information marked in the construction drawings and initial engineering layout, the spatial azimuth parameters from 0 to 360 degrees are calculated and uniformly converted, such as 90 degrees east, 180 degrees south, and 225 degrees southwest, establishing a spatial association mapping between the monitoring points and the component directions. Then, the coordinate data of each monitoring point within a continuous period is retrieved, and its displacement direction vector is calculated based on the coordinate difference between adjacent time periods, and converted into the corresponding direction angle value. For example, if the coordinates of a monitoring point before and after are (2.4, 3.1) and (5.1, 6.3), the direction vector is (2.7, 3.2), and the direction angle is approximately 49.4 degrees. The difference between this angle and its associated component layout direction is calculated to determine the degree of deviation between the actual offset direction of the monitoring point and the layout direction, such as the layout direction. When the angle is 72 degrees, the directional difference of the monitoring point is 22.6 degrees. To improve the accuracy of the judgment, a dynamic threshold matching strategy is introduced: the design standard tolerance (15 degrees) is used as the basic threshold, and the response level is divided according to the directional fluctuation amplitude of the monitoring point in three cycles: 0 to 6 degrees is level one, 6 to 12 degrees is level two, and above 12 degrees is level three. The corresponding directional adjustment values ​​of 3, 6, and 9 degrees are superimposed to obtain the final dynamic threshold. If the directional angle of a monitoring point is 48.2 degrees, 54.6 degrees, and 59.1 degrees in three cycles, the fluctuation amplitude is 10.9 degrees, which belongs to level two, the directional adjustment value is 6 degrees, and the dynamic threshold is 21 degrees. Since its directional difference is 22.6 degrees, which exceeds the dynamic threshold, it is judged as a directional deviation point. Finally, all monitoring points are traversed and searched, and the monitoring points that do not meet their respective threshold requirements are marked and summarized by spatial sequence number to obtain the directional deviation identifier set.

[0058] Step S105-3: Based on the set of deviation monitoring points corresponding to the associated sections, extract the first and last coordinates of the set of deviation monitoring points, mark the continuous monitoring point coverage boundary on the roadway surface structure map, obtain the early warning trigger line segment of each roadway surface, and obtain the displacement monitoring results.

[0059] In the specific implementation process of this step, firstly, the numbers of all calibrated monitoring points with directional deviation characteristics and their corresponding spatial index information are identified. Based on the coordinate positions of the deviation monitoring points on the sensor layout map, a mapping relationship between the monitoring point numbers and their actual two-dimensional spatial coordinates is established. Then, using the oblique trend extension observation path as the organizational unit, each group of offset monitoring points is aggregated to clarify that it corresponds to a path segment unit with an independent structural response relationship in the main control line extension deformation zone, ensuring that a group of offset monitoring point sequences corresponds to only one path segment. Subsequently, the coordinate parameters of the first and last points in each group of offset monitoring points are extracted sequentially as the start and end coordinate inputs of the path segment. In the corresponding operation, it should be ensured that the selected monitoring points are valid endpoints in the offset trend sequence. To avoid spatial overlap caused by mislabeling of intermediate monitoring points, the proposed coordinate pairs are mapped onto the roadway surface structure layout map. Path segments are formed by connecting the start and end points. The path segments are depicted based on the spatial topological relationship of the continuous offset sequence, and the start and end positions are marked on the drawing. All path segments must meet the unique verification criteria of non-intersection and no redundancy. If there are overlapping paths or repeated endpoints, invalid segments need to be merged and reconstructed or removed. Finally, all valid path segments derived from the continuous offset sequence are retained, uniformly numbered and registered, and a logical order identifier table of path chains in the structure map is generated. After cross-verification and confirmation with the offset trend map and the original layout map, the path segment processing task is completed, and the roadway surface early warning triggering line segment identifier set is obtained.

[0060] In this application, by identifying the consistency of the evolution of the monitoring point direction and constructing a chain number sequence, and combining polar coordinate sorting to classify the direction of the sensing point and analyze the linkage response of the monitoring point, the continuity of the identification of the deformation trend of the transition section is enhanced. The extension path is constructed by grouping the response amplitude and connecting the boundary projection, and the structural deformation is partitioned. The turning point concentration section is identified by pairing the angle change with the support direction, and the position of the warning line segment is locked, so that the spatial response identification has the ability of directionality, sequence and segment focus.

[0061] Another embodiment of this application provides a real-time monitoring device for roadway surface displacement, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The acquisition module 11 is used to acquire the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and to determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. The first determining module 12 is used to extract a group of monitoring points that change continuously in one direction at the junction of the support structure based on the displacement trend transition section, and to determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. The second determining module 13 is used to draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; The third determining module 14 is used to extend the observation path based on each of the oblique trends, determine the offset monitoring points of several directions, and determine the corresponding associated sections based on each of the offset monitoring points. The monitoring module 15 is used to draw early warning triggering lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning triggering line segment identifier set, and obtain displacement monitoring results.

[0062] In this embodiment, the acquisition module is specifically used to: determine the start and end monitoring times for each monitoring point to satisfy a predetermined stability threshold based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point at each monitoring time, and obtain the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point; determine the directional change trend of each monitoring point when it is within the directional stability interval value based on the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point, and classify each monitoring point based on the directional change trend of each monitoring point to obtain a directional consistency sequence; and determine the displacement trend transition segment based on the directional consistency sequence.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first determining module is specifically used to: extract the set of sensing points at the support junction based on the displacement trend transition section, filter the monitoring point group with continuous unidirectional changes, and obtain the monitoring point direction number sequence; call the monitoring point direction number sequence to expand the change direction of the monitoring point group to both sides, link the displacement vector direction data of the surrounding monitoring points, and obtain the directional expansion coverage area covering the support junction; based on the directional expansion coverage area, use the fitting degree calculation formula to calculate the cosine fitting degree of the angle between the displacement vectors of adjacent monitoring points, and filter each monitoring point based on each cosine fitting degree to obtain a continuous monitoring point sequence with a cosine fitting degree exceeding a set threshold, so as to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone.

[0064] In this embodiment, the second determining module is specifically used for: extracting multiple monitoring point arrays distributed along the crack offset direction on each oblique monitoring path within the main control line extension deformation zone; classifying the monitoring point arrays according to their spatial position and arrangement direction; sequentially numbering and rearranging the monitoring points in the offset direction to obtain a monitoring point positioning sequence; calling the monitoring point positioning sequence to extract the structural response sequence data of the monitoring points; grouping the sequence segment by segment according to the numbering direction; calculating the fluctuation amplitude of the response value within each segment using the fluctuation amplitude calculation formula; performing interval continuity filtering on the amplitude changes of adjacent segments to obtain a continuous distribution interval of sequence amplitude; and based on the continuous distribution interval of sequence amplitude, extracting the coordinates of the monitoring points in the structural region for each segment within the continuous distribution interval of sequence amplitude; connecting the boundary points according to the spatial projection order; drawing each extension path segment to obtain each oblique trend extension observation path.

[0065] In this embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for: calculating the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point based on the displacement vector of several mid-segment monitoring points in the same oblique trend extension observation path and the mean vector of the directions at both ends of the path, using the projection ratio calculation formula; filtering each mid-segment monitoring point based on the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point in the same oblique trend extension observation path to obtain several directional offset monitoring points corresponding to each oblique trend extension observation path; and determining the associated segment corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path based on each offset monitoring point corresponding to the same oblique trend extension observation path.

[0066] In this embodiment, the monitoring module is specifically used for: extracting the arrangement direction parameters of the anchoring structure and support components within the coverage area corresponding to each associated section, organizing the direction angle data according to the support number order, and obtaining a set of component layout direction parameters; calling the set of component layout direction parameters, matching the path offset direction vector corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path with the component layout direction vector according to spatial position, extracting the monitoring point sequence associated with the direction difference in combination with a predetermined dynamic threshold set, and obtaining a set of deviation monitoring points corresponding to the associated section, containing several direction deviation monitoring points; based on the set of deviation monitoring points corresponding to the associated section, extracting the first and last coordinates of the set of deviation monitoring points, marking the continuous monitoring point coverage boundary on the roadway surface structure map, obtaining the early warning trigger line segment of each roadway surface, and obtaining the displacement monitoring results.

[0067] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the degree of fit is as follows: ; in, Representative monitoring point With monitoring points The cosine fit of the angle between the point displacement vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector, Representative monitoring point displacement vector, This represents the absolute value of the dot product of two vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude Representative monitoring point With monitoring points European-style spatial distance, This represents the average distance between all adjacent monitoring points within the extended coverage area. Representing the Displacement direction angle value of each monitoring point This represents the average value of the orientation angles of all monitoring points.

[0068] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the fluctuation amplitude is as follows: ; in, This represents the fluctuation range of the internal response value of segment s. This represents the number of monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the i-th monitoring point in the s-th segment. This represents the average response value of the monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the first monitoring point in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the monitoring point at the tail end of segment s. This represents the distance along the path from the first monitoring point in segment s. These represent the distance values ​​of the tail monitoring point along the path in the s-th segment.

[0069] In this embodiment, the projection ratio calculation formula is as follows: ; in, The first observation path representing the oblique trend extension The characteristic value of the projection ratio of each mid-section monitoring point, Representing the Displacement vectors of monitoring points in the middle section The mean vector representing the directions at both ends of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the Sum of squared moduli of the directional differences between each monitoring point and the set of adjacent monitoring points Representing the The average modulus of the neighborhood of each mid-section monitoring point Representing the The square of the displacement vector magnitude of each mid-section monitoring point Represents the square of the magnitude of the mean vector in the direction. The mean vector representing the direction is at the unit direction reference. Projection values ​​on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, This represents the total number of monitoring points in the middle section of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the The dot product of the displacement vector and the mean direction vector of each monitoring point in the middle section.

[0070] In this embodiment, by acquiring the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in each monitoring cycle, the displacement trend transition segment can be reasonably and accurately determined. Thus, the main control line extension deformation zone can be reasonably and accurately determined based on the displacement trend transition segment. Furthermore, the turning point concentration section can be quickly and accurately determined based on the main control line extension deformation zone, thereby locking the position of the warning line segment. This enables spatial response recognition to have directionality, sequence, and segment focusing capabilities, achieving precise displacement monitoring.

[0071] Another embodiment of this application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following method steps: Step 1: Obtain the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. Step 2: Based on the displacement trend transition zone, extract the monitoring point group that continuously changes in one direction at the junction of the support structure, and determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone; Step 3: Draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; Step 4: Extend the observation path based on the oblique trends, determine the offset monitoring points for several directions, and determine the corresponding associated sections based on the offset monitoring points. Step 5: Draw early warning trigger lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning trigger line segment identifier set, and obtain the displacement monitoring results.

[0072] The specific implementation process of the above method steps can be found in the embodiment of the above-mentioned roadway surface displacement monitoring method, which will not be repeated here.

[0073] The storage medium in this application can reasonably and accurately determine the displacement trend transition segment by acquiring the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in each monitoring cycle. This allows for the reasonable and accurate determination of the main control line extension deformation zone based on the displacement trend transition segment. Furthermore, it enables the rapid and accurate determination of the turning point concentration section based on the main control line extension deformation zone, thereby locking the position of the warning line segment. This gives the spatial response recognition the ability to be directional, sequential, and segment-focused, achieving precise displacement monitoring.

[0074] Another embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes at least a memory 1 and a processor 2. The memory 1 stores a computer program, and the processor 2 performs the following method steps when executing the computer program in the memory 1: Step 1: Obtain the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. Step 2: Based on the displacement trend transition zone, extract the monitoring point group that continuously changes in one direction at the junction of the support structure, and determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone; Step 3: Draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; Step 4: Extend the observation path based on the oblique trends, determine the offset monitoring points for several directions, and determine the corresponding associated sections based on the offset monitoring points. Step 5: Draw early warning trigger lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning trigger line segment identifier set, and obtain the displacement monitoring results.

[0075] The specific implementation process of the above method steps can be found in the embodiment of the above-mentioned roadway surface displacement monitoring method, which will not be repeated here.

[0076] The electronic device in this application can reasonably and accurately determine the displacement trend transition segment by acquiring the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in each monitoring cycle. Thus, it can reasonably and accurately determine the extension deformation zone of the main control line based on the displacement trend transition segment. Furthermore, it can quickly and accurately determine the turning point concentration section based on the extension deformation zone of the main control line, thereby locking the position of the warning line segment. This enables spatial response recognition to have directionality, sequence, and segment focusing capabilities, achieving precise displacement monitoring.

[0077] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to this application within its substance and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring surface displacement in roadways, characterized in that, include: Obtain the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. Based on the displacement trend transition zone, a group of monitoring points that continuously change unidirectionally at the junction of the support structure is extracted, and a linear deformation path is determined based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. Based on the main control line extension deformation zone, several oblique trend extension observation paths are drawn; Based on the observation path extended by each of the oblique trends, several offset monitoring points with directional offsets are determined, and the corresponding associated sections are determined based on each of the offset monitoring points. Based on each of the associated sections, early warning triggering lines are drawn on the roadway surface to obtain an early warning triggering line segment identifier set, thereby obtaining displacement monitoring results.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the directional angles of each monitoring point within the target roadway area during each monitoring cycle, and determining the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point, specifically includes: Based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point at each monitoring time, the start monitoring time and end monitoring time of each monitoring point satisfying the predetermined stability threshold are determined, and the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point is obtained. Based on the directional stability interval value corresponding to each monitoring point, the directional change trend of each monitoring point when it is within the directional stability interval value is determined, and based on the directional change trend of each monitoring point, each monitoring point is classified to obtain a directional consistency sequence. Based on the consistent direction sequence, the displacement trend transition segment is determined.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the displacement trend transition section, a group of monitoring points with continuous unidirectional changes at the interface of the support structure is extracted, and a linear deformation path is determined based on the monitoring point group to obtain the extended deformation zone of the main control line, specifically including: Based on the displacement trend transition zone, the set of sensing points at the support junction is extracted, the group of monitoring points with continuous unidirectional changes is filtered, and the direction number sequence of the monitoring points is obtained. By calling the monitoring point direction number sequence, the changing direction of the monitoring point group is expanded to both sides, and the displacement vector direction data of the surrounding monitoring points are linked to obtain the directional expansion coverage area at the boundary of the support; Based on the directional expansion coverage area, the cosine fitting degree of the angle between the displacement vectors of adjacent monitoring points is calculated using the fitting degree calculation formula. Each monitoring point is then screened based on the cosine fitting degree to obtain a continuous monitoring point sequence with a cosine fitting degree exceeding a set threshold, thereby obtaining the main control line extension deformation zone.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drawing of several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone specifically includes: Based on each oblique monitoring path within the extended deformation zone of the main control line, multiple monitoring point arrays distributed along the crack offset direction on the oblique monitoring path are extracted. The monitoring point arrays are categorized according to their spatial position and arrangement direction. The monitoring points are then numbered and rearranged sequentially in the offset direction to obtain the positioning sequence of each monitoring point. The monitoring point repositioning sequence is called to extract the structural response sequence data of the monitoring points. The sequence is grouped into segments according to the numbering direction. The fluctuation amplitude calculation formula is used to calculate the fluctuation amplitude of the response value within each segment. The interval continuity filtering of the amplitude change of adjacent segments is performed to obtain the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude. Based on the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude, the coordinates of the monitoring points in the structural region of each segment within the continuous distribution interval of the sequence amplitude are extracted, the boundary points are connected in spatial projection order, and each extension path segment is drawn to obtain the observation path of each oblique trend extension.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of extending the observation path based on the aforementioned oblique trends, determining several offset monitoring points with directional shifts, and determining the corresponding associated segments based on each offset monitoring point specifically includes: Based on the displacement vectors of several mid-segment monitoring points along the same oblique trend extended observation path, and the mean vectors of the directions at both ends of the path, the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point is calculated using the projection ratio calculation formula. Based on the projection ratio characteristic value of each mid-segment monitoring point in the same oblique trend extension observation path, the mid-segment monitoring points are screened to obtain several directional offset monitoring points corresponding to each oblique trend extension observation path. Based on the offset monitoring points corresponding to the same oblique trend extension observation path, the associated segments corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path are determined.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of drawing early warning triggering lines on the roadway surface based on each of the associated sections to obtain an early warning triggering line segment identifier set in order to obtain displacement monitoring results specifically includes: Based on each associated section, the arrangement direction parameters of the anchoring structure and support components within the coverage area corresponding to the associated section are extracted, and the direction angle data are sorted according to the support number order to obtain the component layout direction parameter set. The component layout direction parameter set is called, and the path offset direction vector corresponding to the oblique trend extension observation path is matched with the component layout direction vector according to the spatial position. The monitoring point sequence associated with the direction difference is extracted by combining the predetermined dynamic threshold set to obtain the deviation monitoring point set corresponding to the associated section, which contains several direction deviation monitoring points. Based on the set of deviation monitoring points corresponding to the associated sections, the first and last coordinates of the set of deviation monitoring points are extracted, and the continuous monitoring point coverage boundary is marked on the roadway surface structure map to obtain the early warning trigger line segment of each roadway surface, so as to obtain the displacement monitoring results.

7. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the fit is: ； in, Representative monitoring point With monitoring points The cosine fit of the angle between the point displacement vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector, Representative monitoring point displacement vector, This represents the absolute value of the dot product of two vectors. Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude, Representative monitoring point displacement vector magnitude, Representative monitoring point With monitoring points European-style spatial distance, This represents the average distance between all adjacent monitoring points within the extended coverage area. Representing the Displacement direction angle value of each monitoring point This represents the average value of the orientation angles of all monitoring points.

8. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the fluctuation range is: ； in, This represents the fluctuation range of the internal response value of segment s. This represents the number of monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the i-th monitoring point in the s-th segment. This represents the average response value of the monitoring points in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the first monitoring point in segment s. This represents the structural response value of the monitoring point at the tail end of segment s. This represents the distance along the path from the first monitoring point in segment s. These represent the distance values ​​of the tail monitoring point along the path in the s-th segment.

9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the projection ratio is: ； in, The first observation path representing the oblique trend extension The characteristic value of the projection ratio of each mid-section monitoring point, Representing the Displacement vectors of monitoring points in the middle section The mean vector representing the directions at both ends of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the The sum of squared moduli of the directional differences between each mid-segment monitoring point and the set of adjacent monitoring points Representing the The average modulus of the neighborhood of each mid-section monitoring point Representing the The square of the displacement vector magnitude of each mid-section monitoring point Represents the square of the magnitude of the mean vector in the direction. The mean vector representing the direction is at the unit direction reference. Projection values ​​on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, Representing the The mid-section monitoring points are at the direction reference. Displacement projection value on, This represents the total number of monitoring points in the middle section of the oblique trend extension observation path. Representing the The dot product of the displacement vector and the mean direction vector of each monitoring point in the middle section.

10. A real-time monitoring device for surface displacement in roadways, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point in the target roadway area under each monitoring cycle, and to determine the displacement trend transition segment from the target roadway area based on the directional angle values ​​of each monitoring point. The first determining module is used to extract a group of monitoring points that change continuously in one direction at the junction of the support structure based on the displacement trend transition section, and to determine the linear deformation path based on the monitoring point group to obtain the main control line extension deformation zone. The second determining module is used to draw several oblique trend extension observation paths based on the main control line extension deformation zone; The third determining module is used to extend the observation path based on each of the oblique trends, determine the offset monitoring points of several directions, and determine the corresponding associated sections based on each of the offset monitoring points. The monitoring module is used to draw early warning trigger lines on the roadway surface based on each associated section, obtain the early warning trigger line identifier set, and obtain displacement monitoring results.

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