An in-situ soil sampling and testing device for borehole sidewalls
By integrating in-situ soil sampling and testing equipment, and employing sidewall soil sampling and a multi-section electric cylinder drive, the problem of soil sample disturbance during drilling operations was solved, enabling efficient and accurate soil sample acquisition and testing, and improving exploration efficiency and data quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing in-situ soil sampling devices cause significant disturbance to soil samples during drilling operations, leading to changes in the physical properties of the soil samples. Furthermore, it is difficult to conduct soil sampling and in-situ testing simultaneously, resulting in data deviations.
Design a device that integrates in-situ soil sampling and in-situ testing functions. It adopts a side-wall soil sampling method and uses a multi-section electric cylinder drive and lifting mechanism to switch between the soil sampler and the automatic rebound hammer, avoiding disturbance to the soil sample caused by drill bit rotation and water injection, and adapting to different exploration needs.
It improves the fidelity of the natural state of the soil samples, reduces secondary disturbance to the soil samples, enhances the efficiency of the survey and the real-time performance and reliability of the data, and is highly adaptable and flexible and convenient to operate.
Smart Images
Figure CN122108674A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of soil sampling equipment, specifically relating to an in-situ soil sampling and testing device for the side of a borehole. Background Technology
[0002] In-situ soil sampling and simple in-situ testing are crucial steps in geotechnical engineering investigation to obtain the natural properties of soil. They are important data sources for subsequent engineering design and construction safety assessment, and their results directly affect the rationality of engineering design and construction safety. Natural soil types are diverse, including cohesive soil, silt, sand, and miscellaneous fill, with significant differences in structure and properties, posing considerable challenges to sampling and testing.
[0003] Existing in-situ soil sampling devices typically obtain soil samples directly from the vertical direction of the borehole during drilling operations. Drilling operations often employ a method of rotating the drill bit and injecting water for cooling. While this method allows for rapid drilling, it causes significant disturbance to the soil sample. Because the soil sample is in direct contact with the rotating drill bit and the large amount of injected water, it easily disrupts the natural structure and moisture content of the soil, leading to significant changes in the physical properties of the extracted sample. Consequently, subsequent experimental data deviates considerably from the actual natural state.
[0004] Furthermore, traditional soil samplers often cause significant compression and disturbance to the soil during insertion, further damaging the natural pore structure and affecting the quality of the sampled soil. Current technologies often separate soil sampling and in-situ testing into independent processes, making it difficult to simultaneously or quickly switch to in-situ testing during sampling. This leads to separation of sampling and testing, and the soil is easily affected by external environmental factors during transfer, causing secondary disturbance and further exacerbating the deviation between test data and the natural state.
[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs an in-situ soil sampling device that integrates in-situ soil sampling and in-situ testing functions into the same equipment, allows for independent and switchable use of the two, and is highly adaptable and causes minimal disturbance, in order to meet the diverse needs of different exploration stages for undisturbed soil sample collection and in-situ parameter acquisition. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an in-situ soil sampling and testing device for borehole sidewalls. This device integrates in-situ soil sampling and in-situ testing functions into the same equipment, which are independent of each other and can be used interchangeably. It can obtain undisturbed soil samples for complex laboratory tests through sidewall sampling, or conduct simple in-situ tests directly on the borehole sidewall soil layer, avoiding disturbance to soil samples caused by traditional drilling operations and improving exploration efficiency and data reliability.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an in-situ soil sampling and testing device for borehole side, comprising a device housing, a multi-section electric cylinder pusher, a lifting mechanism, a soil sampler, and an automatic rebounder; The device housing is divided into a front space and a rear space. The front space has multiple functional layers distributed vertically, at least one of which is a soil sampling layer and at least one of which is an in-situ test layer. A soil sampler is movably placed in the soil sampling layer, and an automatic rebound device is movably installed in the in-situ test layer. The rear space is equipped with a multi-section electric cylinder drive that can be vertically raised and lowered. The lifting mechanism drives the multi-section electric cylinder drive to raise and lower to switch between different functional layers. The multi-section electric cylinder pusher has a slot at its front end, which vertically penetrates the front end face. The rear of the soil sampler and the automatic rebounder are both equipped with a connector that mates with the slot. The multi-section electric cylinder pusher pushes the soil sampler or automatic rebounder out of the device housing for soil sampling or in-situ testing by inserting the slot and the connector, and pulls it back into the corresponding functional layer after the operation.
[0008] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a motor and a lifting belt. The motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the device housing, the lifting belt is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the lower end of the lifting belt is connected to a pusher frame. The multi-section electric cylinder pusher is fixedly mounted inside the pusher frame.
[0009] Furthermore, a guide mechanism is provided between the pusher frame and the inner wall of the device housing in multiple directions. The guide mechanism includes a guide rail and a pulley or slider that slides along the guide rail. The guide rail is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the device housing, and the pulley or slider is connected to the pusher frame.
[0010] Furthermore, the multi-section electric cylinder pusher includes multiple telescopic joints, the extension distance of which can be freely adjusted according to operational requirements; the end face of the foremost telescopic joint is provided with the slot.
[0011] Furthermore, magnetic suction heads are provided on both sides of the card slot. The magnetic suction heads are used to generate magnetic attraction after the card slot and the card connector are inserted, so as to realize the auxiliary fixation of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher and the soil sampler or automatic rebound device.
[0012] Furthermore, the soil sampler is composed of multiple plates assembled through slots, and a soil sampling port is formed at the front of the soil sampler. The edge of the soil sampling port is provided with a blade structure to cut the soil. The locking connector is provided at the rear of the soil sampler.
[0013] Furthermore, the automatic rebound device is installed inside a fixed frame, which is movably positioned in the in-situ test layer, and the locking connector is provided at the rear of the fixed frame.
[0014] Furthermore, the spacing between the connectors of adjacent functional layers is equal, and each connector is located on the same vertical line; the height of each lift of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher matches the spacing between adjacent connectors.
[0015] Furthermore, the device housing includes a housing body and a cover plate, the cover plate being detachably connected to the side of the housing body for closing the working ports at the front end of each functional layer.
[0016] Furthermore, the top of the device housing is provided with a lifting lug for connection with lifting machinery.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention integrates the functions of in-situ soil sampling and in-situ testing into the same device. The two are independent of each other and can be switched. This satisfies the demand of complex tests for undisturbed soil samples and can also directly conduct simple in-situ tests, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment and the efficiency of the investigation. (2) The sidewall soil sampling method avoids the disturbance to the soil sample caused by the traditional drill bit rotation and water injection cooling. The obtained soil sample is closer to the natural state and is suitable for fine laboratory analysis. (3) The in-situ test function directly acts on the soil layer of the borehole sidewall, without the need for soil sampling, avoiding secondary disturbance caused by soil transfer, and the data is more real-time and representative. (4) The modular design allows the soil sampling layer and the in-situ test layer to be freely assembled and quickly replaced according to the exploration needs, adapting to various working conditions and making the operation flexible and convenient; (5) By coordinating the lifting mechanism and the guiding mechanism, the multi-section electric cylinder drive machine can achieve precise lifting and rapid layer switching, with a high degree of automation, which significantly improves on-site operation efficiency; (6) The dual fixing method of the card slot and card connector with magnetic suction head ensures the connection reliability of the soil sampler or automatic rebounder during the pushing and retraction process; (7) The modular design of the soil sampler makes it easy to disassemble and remove the soil sample after sampling, minimizing secondary disturbance to the soil sample. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of the soil sample layer in the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of the in-situ test layer in the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the extended state of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher in the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention. Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the retracted state of the multi-section electric cylinder drive mechanism in the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of the soil sampler in the in-situ soil sampling and testing device described in this invention; The diagram is marked with the following symbols: 1. Device housing; 101. Housing body; 102. Cover plate; 103. Functional layer; 2. In-situ test layer; 3. Automatic rebound hammer; 4. Fixed frame; 5. Soil sampling layer; 6. Soil sampler; 601. Bottom plate; 602. Rear side plate; 603. Left side plate; 604. Right side plate; 605. Top plate; 7. Pulley; 8. Guide rail; 9. Multi-section electric cylinder pusher; 901. Expansion joint; 902. Slot; 903. Magnetic suction head; 10. Connector; 11. Motor; 12. Lifting belt; 13. Lifting lug; 14. Pusher frame; 15. Pulley frame. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, an in-situ soil sampling and testing device for borehole sidewalls includes a device housing 1, an automatic rebound hammer 3, a fixed frame 4, a soil sampler 6, a pulley 7, a guide rail 8, a multi-section electric cylinder drive 9, a motor 11, a lifting belt 12, and a lifting lug 13.
[0021] like Figure 1 , 6 As shown, the device housing 1 has an assembled cylindrical structure, facilitating deep penetration into the borehole. The housing 1 comprises a housing body 101 and a cover plate 102. The housing body 101 is the main body of the entire device, and its interior is divided into front and rear spaces. The front space includes vertically spaced functional layers 103, at least one of which is a soil sampling layer 5 and at least one of which is an in-situ testing layer 2. A soil sampler 6 is placed in the soil sampling layer 5, and the in-situ testing layer 2 is equipped with an automatic rebound hammer 3 required for in-situ testing. The rear space is used to house a multi-section electric cylinder drive mechanism 9, which, under the action of a lifting mechanism, vertically rises and falls within the rear space to connect with different functional layers 103. The front opening of each functional layer 103 forms a working opening, and the rear of each functional layer 103 communicates with the rear space of the housing body 101. The multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 pushes out the connected soil sampler or automatic rebounder 3 through the working port to perform in-situ soil sampling or in-situ testing. When not in use, the side cover plate 102 is connected to the shell body 101 to form a cylindrical structure and the working ports of each functional layer 103 are closed to protect the internal equipment.
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the lifting mechanism for vertically raising and lowering the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 includes a motor 11 and a lifting belt 12. The motor 11 is fixedly mounted on the top of the housing body 101. The lifting belt 12 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 11, or a drum is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 11, and the lifting belt 12 is wound around the drum. The lower end of the lifting belt 12 is connected to a pusher frame 14, and the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 is fixedly mounted inside the pusher frame 14. By rotating the motor 11, the lifting belt 12 is wound up, thereby raising the pusher frame 14 and the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 to the required height for docking with the soil sampler 6 or in-situ testing device in a certain functional layer 103.
[0023] To ensure the stability of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 during vertical lifting and lowering, and to facilitate smooth docking and disengagement between the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 and the soil sampler 6 or in-situ testing device, a guide mechanism is slidably connected between the pusher frame 14 and the inner wall of the housing body 101 to guide the vertical lifting and lowering of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9. Specifically, the guide mechanism includes a pulley 7 and a guide rail 8. The guide rail 8 is vertically fixed to the inner wall of the housing body 101. The pulley 7 is mounted on one end of a pulley frame 15, and the other end of the pulley frame 15 is fixed to the outer surface of the pusher frame 14. The pulley 7 slides up and down along the guide rail 8. Alternatively, the pulley 7 can be replaced by a slider.
[0024] Preferably, the guiding mechanism is distributed on the left, right and rear sides of the pusher frame 14, constraining the stable lifting and lowering of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 from three directions, so that the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 can smoothly dock and detach from the soil sampler 6 or the in-situ test device.
[0025] The structure of the multi-section electric cylinder drive 9 is as follows: Figure 4 , 5 As shown, a multi-stage telescopic joint 901 with linear telescopic movement driven by an electric cylinder is included. The foremost stage is the first-stage telescopic joint, and its end face is provided with a slot 902 for engaging with the clamping connector 10 on the soil sampler 6 or the in-situ testing device. The slot 902 extends vertically and penetrates the foremost stage. Thus, as the multi-stage electric cylinder pusher 9 moves vertically up and down, the slot 902 can automatically engage or disengage with the clamping connector 10. During this process, the constraints of the multi-directional guiding mechanisms ensure smooth engagement and prevent jamming or failure to engage.
[0026] Furthermore, magnetic suction heads 903 are provided on both sides of the slot 902. The magnetic suction heads 903 are magnetic pieces attached to the end face of the first-stage telescopic joint. The magnetic suction heads can be magnetically attracted to the soil sampler 6 or the in-situ testing device, and then cooperate with the snap-fit structure formed by the slot 902 and the snap-fit connector 10 to realize a reliable connection between the multi-section electric cylinder drive 9 and the soil sampler 6 or the in-situ testing device.
[0027] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the soil sampler 6 is movably placed in the soil sampling layer 5. The soil sampler 6 has a cuboid structure that matches the shape and size of the soil sampling layer. Figure 7 As shown, the soil sampler 6 is composed of a base plate 601, a rear side plate 602, a left side plate 603, a right side plate 604, and a top plate 605, which are connected by slots on the plate surfaces. A soil sampling port 606 is formed at the front of the soil sampler 6, and the front edges of the base plate 601, left side plate 603, right side plate 604, and top plate 605 are all designed with cutting edges to facilitate cutting the soil, forming the soil sampling port 606. The outer surface of the rear side plate 602 is provided with a locking connector 10 for vertical insertion into the locking slot 902. The connection between the locking connector 10 and the locking slot 902 allows for horizontal connection between the soil sampler 6 and the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9, facilitating the puller 6 from the soil back to the sampling layer 5 by the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 after soil sampling. The soil sampler 6 is assembled from multiple interlocking plates, which makes it easy to remove the plates after soil sampling and take out the soil sample, thus avoiding disturbance to the soil sample and ensuring the reliability and accuracy of subsequent test data.
[0028] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown, the in-situ testing device includes a fixed frame 4 and an automatic rebounder 3 mounted on the fixed frame 4. The fixed frame 4 is slidably connected within the in-situ test layer 2, and a snap-fit connector 10 is provided at the rear of the fixed frame 4 for engaging with the snap-fit groove 902 at the front end of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9, thereby achieving a horizontal connection and facilitating the pulling of the fixed frame 4 and the automatic rebounder 3 back into the in-situ test layer 2 after the test. The automatic rebounder 3 is a conventional instrument in the art. When the automatic rebounder 3 is pushed out by the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9, the rebound head at the front end can be squeezed against the soil under the pushing action, continuously measuring the soil resistance parameters.
[0029] It should be noted that the spacing between adjacent clamping joints 10 of two adjacent functional layers 103, such as adjacent soil sampling layers 5, adjacent in-situ test layers 2, or adjacent soil sampling layers 5 and in-situ test layers 2, is equal and located on the same vertical line as the clamping slots 902 of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9. Therefore, the lifting height of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 is also fixed each time and matches the spacing of adjacent clamping joints 10, thereby further ensuring that the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 can smoothly detach from one clamping joint 10 and smoothly clamp onto the next clamping joint 10. The motor 11 is a stepper motor, which can control the lifting height of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 each time according to the spacing of adjacent clamping joints 10.
[0030] The top of the device housing 1 is provided with a lifting lug 13, which facilitates hoisting using hoisting machinery.
[0031] The usage process of this invention is as follows: (1) Preparations before soil extraction: Before soil extraction, the in-situ soil extraction and test device are fixed with the hoisting machinery and the hoisting lug 13, and the device housing 1 is placed against the hole wall and the machinery is kept stationary. The motor 11 is remotely controlled to drive the lifting belt 12 to adjust the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 to a suitable position along the guide rail 8 via the pulley 7. After the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 is in place, the slot 902 at the front end of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 will be inserted and fixed with the buckle 10 on the back of the soil extractor 6 to prevent left and right misalignment and ensure that the soil extractor 6 can be smoothly pulled back into the soil extraction layer 5 by the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 after it is pushed out. (2) Soil extraction operation: Drive the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 to extend a certain length (such as the length of one section of telescopic joint 901), push the soil extractor 6 inside the soil extraction layer 5 towards the soil of the borehole wall. The soil extraction port 606 at the front end of the soil extractor 6 will cut the soil and, under the pushing action of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9, extract the soil into the soil extractor 6. When the length of one section is fully extended, the telescopic joint 901 can be retracted, and the soil extractor 6 can be slowly retracted to complete one soil extraction operation. (3) If it is still necessary to continue taking soil, simply switch different soil layers 5 by using the lifting multi-section electric cylinder to drive the machine 9, connect the corresponding soil sampler 6, and repeat the above steps (2). (4) If an in-situ test is required after soil sampling, the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 is used to switch to the in-situ test layer 2 and connect the fixed frame 4. (5) In-situ test: Drive the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 to extend a certain length and push the fixed frame 4 inside the in-situ test layer 2 toward the soil of the borehole wall. When the rebound head at the front end of the automatic rebounder 3 is about to contact the soil, remotely control the automatic rebounder 3 to make the rebound head at the front end fire, thereby obtaining the in-situ data of the soil and storing it in the automatic rebounder 6. Then the multi-section electric cylinder pusher 9 retracts, which can retract the fixed frame 4 and the automatic rebounder 3, and the in-situ test can be performed multiple times. (6) After the soil sampling operation or in-situ test operation is completed, the in-situ soil sampling and test device are removed from the borehole by hoisting machinery, and a new soil sampler 6 or in-situ test device is quickly replaced for the next round of in-situ soil sampling or in-situ test.
[0032] If the removed soil sampler 6 needs to be moved, the matching rectangular sliding cover can be inserted into the soil sampling port 606 to ensure that the soil sampler 6 forms a closed rectangular container.
[0033] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the specific implementation of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the pending claims.
Claims
1. An in-situ soil sampling and testing device for borehole sidewalls, characterized in that, The device includes a housing (1), a multi-section electric cylinder drive (9), a lifting mechanism, a soil sampler (6), and an automatic rebounder (3). The housing (1) is divided into a front space and a rear space. The front space has multiple functional layers (103) distributed vertically. At least one functional layer (103) is a soil sampling layer (5), and at least one functional layer (103) is an in-situ test layer (2). The soil sampler (6) is movably placed in the soil sampling layer (5), and the automatic rebounder (3) is movably installed in the in-situ test layer (2). The rear space is equipped with a multi-section electric cylinder drive (9) that can be vertically lifted and lowered. The lifting mechanism... The multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) is driven to lift and lower to switch between different functional layers (103); the front end of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) is provided with a slot (902), the slot (902) is vertically through the front end face, and the rear of the soil sampler (6) and the automatic rebounder (3) are provided with a connector (10) that cooperates with the slot (902); the multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) pushes the soil sampler (6) or the automatic rebounder (3) out of the device housing (1) for soil sampling or in-situ testing by inserting the slot (902) and the connector (10), and pulls it back into the corresponding functional layer (103) after the operation.
2. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism includes a motor (11) and a lifting belt (12). The motor (11) is fixedly installed on the top of the device housing (1). The lifting belt (12) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (11). The lower end of the lifting belt (12) is connected to a pusher frame (14). The multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) is fixedly installed inside the pusher frame (14).
3. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pusher frame (14) is provided with guide mechanisms between the inner walls of the device housing (1) in multiple directions. The guide mechanism includes a guide rail (8) and a pulley (7) or slider that slides along the guide rail (8). The guide rail (8) is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the device housing (1), and the pulley (7) or slider is connected to the pusher frame (14).
4. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) includes a multi-stage telescopic joint (901), whose extension distance can be freely adjusted according to the operation requirements; the end face of the foremost telescopic joint (901) is provided with the slot (902).
5. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The card slot (902) is provided with magnetic suction heads (903) on both sides. The magnetic suction heads (903) are used to generate magnetic attraction after the card slot (902) is inserted into the card connector (10), so as to realize the auxiliary fixation of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) and the soil extractor (6) or the automatic rebound device (3).
6. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil sampler (6) is composed of multiple plates assembled by slots, and a soil sampling port (606) is formed in front of the soil sampler (6). The edge of the soil sampling port (606) is provided with a blade structure to cut the soil. The snap-fit connector (10) is provided at the rear of the soil sampler (6).
7. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic rebounder (3) is installed in the fixed frame (4), which is movably set in the in-situ test layer (2). The fixed frame (4) is provided with the snap connector (10) at the rear.
8. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the snap-fit connectors (10) of adjacent functional layers (103) is equal, and each snap-fit connector (10) is located on the same vertical line; the height of each lift of the multi-section electric cylinder pusher (9) matches the spacing between adjacent snap-fit connectors (10).
9. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device housing (1) includes a housing body (101) and a cover plate (102). The cover plate (102) is detachably connected to the side of the housing body (101) and is used to close the working ports at the front end of each functional layer (103).
10. The in-situ soil sampling and testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the housing (1) of the device is provided with a lifting lug (13) for connecting with hoisting machinery.