High voltage cable shield loop flow monitoring system

Abstract

The application provides a high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission safety guarantee, and the system comprises at least one monitoring node, the monitoring node comprises: a current acquisition module, which is used for acquiring a circulating current signal of a high-voltage cable sheath; a first communication interface module, which is used for accessing an optical fiber network; a second communication interface module, which is used for accessing a wireless communication network; and a main controller, which is connected with the current acquisition module, the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module respectively, is used for acquiring circulating current monitoring data according to the circulating current signal, and selectively transmits the circulating current monitoring data through the first communication interface module and / or the second communication interface module according to a preset strategy. The application has high timeliness during data transmission, stable data transmission, is not easily disturbed by an external environment, and reduces the complexity of installation and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission safety assurance technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cable sheath circulation current monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] The metallic sheath of high-voltage cables is a critical component of the cable structure, serving multiple functions including mechanical protection, waterproofing, moisture resistance, and electromagnetic shielding. During cable operation, circulating currents are induced in the metallic sheath. If abnormal circulating currents occur due to insulation deterioration, grounding system failure, or construction defects, it can lead to serious safety hazards such as localized overheating and accelerated insulation aging. Therefore, real-time and reliable monitoring of circulating currents in the high-voltage cable sheath is a core means of preventing insulation faults and ensuring power transmission safety.

[0003] Existing sheath circulation monitoring solutions mostly employ wired transmission or wireless transmission based on bus technologies such as RS-485. However, these solutions are limited by communication technology bottlenecks and cannot meet the requirements for high reliability, long distance, and anti-interference. In other words, traditional solutions have approached physical limits in terms of anti-interference, transmission distance, and scalability, resulting in defects such as maintenance difficulties, low data accuracy, and slow response. There is an urgent need to overcome these bottlenecks through media innovation and topology reconstruction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system, which features high data transmission timeliness, stable data transmission, and is not easily affected by external environmental interference, thus reducing the complexity of installation and maintenance.

[0005] This invention provides a high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system, comprising at least one monitoring node, wherein the monitoring node includes: The current acquisition module is used to acquire the circulating current signal of the high-voltage cable sheath; The first communication interface module is used to access the fiber optic network; The second communication interface module is used to access the wireless communication network; The main controller is connected to the current acquisition module, the first communication interface module, and the second communication interface module, respectively, and is used to acquire circulating current monitoring data based on the circulating current signal, and selectively transmit the circulating current monitoring data through the first communication interface module and / or the second communication interface module according to a preset strategy.

[0006] In some embodiments, the main controller is further configured to perform protocol conversion on the data transmitted between the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module, so as to realize data relay transmission between the optical fiber network and the wireless communication network.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first communication interface module includes a hardware protocol stack chip and a network isolation interface chip. The hardware protocol stack chip is connected to the main controller through a serial peripheral interface, and the network isolation interface chip is connected between the hardware protocol stack chip and a standard Ethernet interface.

[0008] In some embodiments, the current acquisition module includes a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit, which is used to acquire the sheath circulating current signal and the grounding wire current signal of multiple phase wires of the high-voltage cable, respectively.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is a static routing strategy, which is set according to the communication conditions of the deployment location of the monitoring node and is used to determine the transmission path of the circulation monitoring data.

[0010] In some embodiments, the static routing policy includes at least one of the following operating modes: First mode: Send the locally generated circulation monitoring data through the first communication interface module; Second mode: Send the locally generated circulation monitoring data through the second communication interface module; Third mode: The circulation monitoring data received from the first communication interface module is forwarded through the second communication interface module; Fourth mode: The circulation monitoring data received from the second communication interface module is forwarded through the first communication interface module.

[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of monitoring nodes are included, which are deployed along high-voltage cable lines at geographical locations with different communication conditions and interconnected through the first communication interface module and / or the second communication interface module to form a hybrid communication network.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hybrid communication network includes at least one monitoring node that acts as a relay node, which is used to forward the circulation monitoring data between the fiber optic network coverage area and the wireless communication network coverage area.

[0013] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is a redundancy strategy, including: One of the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module is designated as the primary link, and the other as the backup link, with switching to the backup link in case of primary link failure; or... The same circulation monitoring data is transmitted simultaneously through the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module.

[0014] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is an intelligent traffic splitting strategy, and the main controller is further configured to select the transmission interface based on at least one of the following factors: The type attributes of the circulation monitoring data; wherein, key data in the circulation monitoring data are preferentially transmitted through the first communication interface module; The current load status of the communication interface; wherein, when the load of the first communication interface module exceeds the threshold, a portion of the circulating flow monitoring data is diverted to the second communication interface module for transmission.

[0015] This invention integrates both fiber optic and wireless communication interfaces within a single monitoring node, enabling a single node to access two mainstream networks. This eliminates the need to replace hardware based on communication conditions during system deployment; instead, software configuration allows adaptation to various complex environments, from urban tunnels to remote wilderness areas, resulting in high data transmission efficiency. Furthermore, it provides alternative communication paths. When one network becomes unavailable due to failure or environmental factors, a preset strategy allows for rapid switching to another network, avoiding information silos caused by a single communication method and ensuring the reliability of the monitoring data link. In addition, integrating dual-mode communication capabilities into a single node reduces the need for external relay or conversion equipment, simplifies the overall system architecture, reduces installation and maintenance complexity, and improves system integration and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced one by one below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a main controller provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication interface module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a current acquisition module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second communication interface module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7This is a structural schematic diagram of a vibration wake-up module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system includes at least one monitoring node. The monitoring node includes a current acquisition module 100, a first communication interface module 200, a second communication interface module 300, and a main controller 400. The current acquisition module 100 is used to acquire circulating current signals from the high-voltage cable sheath. The first communication interface module 200 is used to access an optical fiber network. The second communication interface module 300 is used to access a wireless communication network. The main controller 400 is connected to the current acquisition module 100, the first communication interface module 200, and the second communication interface module 300, respectively, and is used to acquire circulating current monitoring data based on the circulating current signals, and selectively transmit the circulating current monitoring data through the first communication interface module 200 and / or the second communication interface module 300 according to a preset strategy.

[0020] Specifically, a monitoring node refers to an independent device or unit deployed along the high-voltage cable line, responsible for performing circulating current data acquisition and communication tasks. The current acquisition module 100 refers to the hardware circuitry used to sense and acquire current signals on the metallic sheath of the high-voltage cable. The first communication interface module 200 refers to the hardware component that provides physical and protocol interfaces, enabling the monitoring node to connect to a fiber optic communication network. The second communication interface module 300 refers to the hardware component that provides physical and protocol interfaces, enabling the monitoring node to connect to a wireless communication network, such as a 4G or 5G network. The main controller 400 refers to the core processing unit of the monitoring node, responsible for coordinating and controlling the work of each module and executing data processing and communication strategies. Circulating current monitoring data refers to the data information generated by the main controller 400 after processing the raw circulating current signal, such as calculating effective values, adding timestamps, and performing anomaly detection, and is available for transmission and analysis. Preset strategies refer to the rules or algorithms pre-configured in the main controller 400, used to determine the transmission path and method of the circulating current monitoring data.

[0021] The monitoring node is the basic functional unit of the system. Its working principle begins with the current acquisition module 100, which senses a weak AC signal proportional to the circulating current in the cable sheath through a current transformer surrounding the cable's metal sheath. This analog signal is then sent to the main controller 400 after passing through signal conditioning circuits, such as amplification and filtering circuits. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a main controller provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the main controller 400 can be, for example, an STM32F407VGT6 microcontroller, which has abundant analog-to-digital conversion channels and multiple communication interfaces. The main controller 400 processes the circulating current signal, calculates parameters such as the effective value of the circulating current, and forms structured circulating current monitoring data. Subsequently, the main controller 400 calls its internally stored preset strategy, which can be pre-set according to the actual geographical and communication environment of the monitoring node deployment, for example, the monitoring node is located in a tunnel with fiber optic coverage, or in the field with only wireless signals.

[0022] According to the preset strategy, the main controller 400 sends the generated circulating current monitoring data packets to the selected communication interface module through its hardware interface, such as SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). If the strategy indicates the use of a fiber optic network, the data packet is sent to the first communication interface module 200; if it indicates the use of a wireless network, it is sent to the second communication interface module 300. Under certain strategies, the data packet may also be copied and sent to both modules simultaneously, or forwarded between different modules. Finally, the data is transmitted through the selected physical link, i.e., fiber optic or wireless channel.

[0023] Existing sheath circulation monitoring solutions mostly employ wired transmission or wireless transmission based on bus technologies such as RS-485. However, these solutions have significant drawbacks: wired methods are difficult to implement over long distances in complex geographical environments, are costly, and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference; wireless bus methods have bottlenecks in transmission distance, anti-interference capabilities, and network scalability. Especially for ultra-long-distance or terrain-complex cable lines, traditional solutions struggle to construct a stable, fully covered monitoring and communication network. In tunnels, wireless signals may completely fail; and in areas without communication infrastructure, laying a wired network is impossible.

[0024] This invention integrates both fiber optic and wireless communication interfaces within a single monitoring node, enabling a single node to access two mainstream networks. This eliminates the need to replace hardware based on communication conditions during system deployment; instead, software configuration allows adaptation to various complex environments, from urban tunnels to remote wilderness areas, resulting in high data transmission efficiency. Furthermore, it provides alternative communication paths. When one network becomes unavailable due to failure or environmental factors, a preset strategy allows for rapid switching to another network, avoiding information silos caused by a single communication method and ensuring the reliability of the monitoring data link. In addition, integrating dual-mode communication capabilities into a single node reduces the need for external relay or conversion equipment, simplifies the overall system architecture, reduces installation and maintenance complexity, and improves system integration and reliability.

[0025] In some embodiments, the main controller 400 is further configured to perform protocol conversion on the data transmitted between the first communication interface module 200 and the second communication interface module 300, so as to realize data relay transmission between the optical fiber network and the wireless communication network.

[0026] Specifically, protocol conversion refers to the process of converting data from the format of one communication protocol stack to a format that can be recognized and processed by another communication protocol stack. Data relay transmission refers to the process in which data needs to pass through at least two different types of communication networks during its transmission from the source to the destination, and at the network boundary, a monitoring node receives the data, converts the protocol, and forwards it to the next network.

[0027] When a monitoring node is configured as a relay node, its operating mode involves data relay. For example, a node deployed at a tunnel exit receives data wirelessly from another node inside the tunnel via its second communication interface module 300. At this time, the node's main controller 400 first reads this data through the wireless module's interface. Since the data needs to be integrated into the backbone fiber optic ring network, the main controller 400 needs to perform necessary processing on the data packets. For example, it may need to strip the wireless link layer encapsulation and re-encapsulate the payload into a TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) data packet format suitable for Ethernet / fiber optic network transmission. After completing the protocol conversion, the main controller 400 sends the reconstructed data packet to the first communication interface module 200 via its internal bus, and the first communication interface module 200 forwards it to the next hop or monitoring center via the fiber optic link. The reverse transmission process, such as fiber optic reception, follows a similar principle to wireless forwarding. The main controller 400 plays a crucial role in protocol adaptation and routing forwarding throughout this process.

[0028] Therefore, this invention breaks down the protocol barriers between fiber optic networks and wireless communication networks, enabling seamless data flow between these two different technology systems. This allows the system to flexibly construct hybrid communication paths combining wireless and fiber optic segments, fully utilizing their respective advantages. By relaying data through monitoring nodes with protocol conversion capabilities, the coverage of the wireless network can be extended to the edge of the fiber optic network, and vice versa. This ensures reliable data transmission even in areas where fiber optics cannot reach directly or where wireless signals are weak, significantly expanding the physical coverage of the entire monitoring network. Simultaneously, it allows network planners to design the optimal, most cost-effective hybrid communication topology based on the existing infrastructure, without being limited by the coverage constraints of a single network.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication interface module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the first communication interface module 200 includes a hardware protocol stack chip U1 and a network isolation interface chip. The hardware protocol stack chip U1 is connected to the main controller 400 through a serial peripheral interface, and the network isolation interface chip is connected between the hardware protocol stack chip and the standard Ethernet interface U2.

[0030] Specifically, the hardware protocol stack chip U1 refers to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that integrates an Ethernet media access controller and TCP / IP protocol stack processing hardware. It can independently handle network protocols, reducing the software burden on the main controller 400. The network isolation interface chip refers to an Ethernet isolation transformer, which provides electrical isolation, signal coupling, and impedance matching functions to protect downstream circuits from surges, static electricity, and other interference from external network lines. The serial peripheral interface is a synchronous serial communication interface standard used for high-speed data exchange between the microcontroller and peripheral devices. The standard Ethernet interface U2, such as an RJ45 connector, is used to connect twisted-pair network cables.

[0031] The specific hardware implementation of the first communication interface module 200 is divided into two parts: core processing and physical interface protection. The hardware protocol stack chip U1, such as the W5500 model, is connected to the main controller 400 via the SPI bus. The main controller 400 only needs to send commands and payload data via SPI; the chip's internal hardware logic automatically handles complex network protocol operations such as Ethernet frame encapsulation, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) processing, IP packet (Internet Protocol Packet) segmentation and reassembly, and TCP / UDP (Transmission Control Protocol / User Datagram Protocol) connection management, greatly reducing the software overhead and real-time requirements of the main controller 400 in communication. The Ethernet differential signal processed by the hardware protocol stack chip passes through a network isolation interface chip before being output to the external network. This chip contains an isolation transformer and uses magnetic coupling to transmit the signal, achieving electrical isolation between the front-end network and the internal circuitry of the monitoring node. Simultaneously, it filters out common-mode noise, ensuring signal quality. Finally, the signal is output through the standard Ethernet interface U2. This interface can be directly connected to a network cable, which can then be connected to an optical modem or fiber optic transceiver to access a fiber optic network.

[0032] Therefore, this embodiment of the invention uses a hardware protocol stack chip U1 to free the main controller 400 from cumbersome network protocol processing, allowing it to focus more on core tasks such as data acquisition, analysis, and strategy execution, thereby improving the overall system response speed and processing capacity. The network isolation interface chip provides crucial electrical isolation protection, effectively preventing damage to the main controller 400 and communication chip from overvoltage and overcurrent introduced by lightning strikes, power grid fluctuations, or ground potential differences, significantly improving the long-term operational reliability of the equipment in harsh industrial environments. Furthermore, the use of a standard Ethernet interface enables the monitoring node to be directly compatible with various widely used fiber optic transceivers, industrial switches, and other equipment on the market, facilitating system integration and expansion.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a current acquisition module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the current acquisition module 100 includes a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit, which is used to acquire the sheath circulating current signal and the grounding wire current signal of multiple phase wires of the high-voltage cable.

[0034] Specifically, a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit refers to multiple analog signal processing circuits with the same or similar structure but operating independently, each channel processing a specific current signal, for example... Figure 4This diagram illustrates a four-channel signal conditioning circuit. The sheath circulating current signal of the phase conductors refers to the current signal induced in the respective metallic sheaths of phases A, B, and C of the high-voltage cable. Figure 4 The ports shown are ADC_A, ADC_B, and ADC_C. The grounding current signal refers to the current signal flowing through the cable grounding system, such as the grounding wire of a cross-connection box or the grounding wire of a direct grounding box. Figure 4 The port ADC_N is shown.

[0035] For three-phase high-voltage cables, the metallic sheath of each phase is independent and needs to be monitored separately. Therefore, the current acquisition module 100 includes at least three independent signal conditioning circuits, connected to the current transformers on the sheaths of phases A, B, and C, respectively. In addition, to monitor the overall status of the grounding system, such as determining whether a multi-point grounding fault exists, another signal conditioning circuit is needed to acquire the current of the grounding wire. Each signal conditioning circuit operates on the same principle: the weak current signal output from the current transformer is first converted into a voltage signal by a precision sampling resistor. This voltage signal then enters a conditioning circuit composed of operational amplifiers for amplification and bias adjustment. The stabilized analog voltage signal after conditioning is sent to the corresponding analog-to-digital conversion pin on the main controller 400 for synchronous or sequential sampling.

[0036] Therefore, this invention enables simultaneous and independent measurement of the three-phase sheath circulating current and grounding current of the cable, obtaining complete electrical condition information. This provides a sufficient data foundation for accurately identifying faults such as cable insulation asymmetry, sheath damage, and poor grounding. By comparing and analyzing the differences in the three-phase sheath circulating current, combined with grounding current data, maintenance personnel can more accurately locate the faulty phase or even the faulty section, improving the targeting and efficiency of condition-based maintenance. The integrated multi-channel acquisition design allows a single monitoring node to complete comprehensive monitoring of key electrical quantities of a cable line, avoiding the cost and complexity of configuring separate acquisition equipment for each phase.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second communication interface module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the second communication interface module 300 consists of a 4G communication module, which can be a Quectel EC800K series module, including the EC800K model chip and the EC800K-CN model chip. This module connects to the USART2 interface of the main controller 400 via UART serial ports TX and RX for AT commands and data transmission. The 4G communication module also connects to the SIM card slot and the 4G antenna interface. Its power supply is provided by a power supply module through a controlled power switch circuit. This control signal can come from the main controller 400 or the vibration wake-up module described later.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a power supply module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system also includes a power supply module 500. The power supply module 500 can, for example, use a high-efficiency switching step-down chip, such as MP1584, to make the power supply of the equipment more stable and less prone to failure during operation. It converts the external input 12V or 24V DC power supply into the 5V and 3.3V power rails required by the system to power all chips and modules.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vibration wake-up module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system also includes a vibration wake-up module 600. The vibration wake-up module 600 includes a vibration sensor. When effective vibration is detected, the module generates a high-level interrupt signal, which is directly connected to the external interrupt pin of the main controller 400. This signal can also be used to control the power switch supplying power to the 4G communication module, achieving coordinated power consumption management. For example, the entire high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system circuit board can use SSD2280 series heat sinks for heat dissipation, improving the device's heat dissipation performance and significantly reducing the impact of excessively high temperatures on data accuracy during long-term operation of the main control board.

[0040] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is a static routing strategy, which is set according to the communication conditions of the monitoring node deployment location and is used to determine the transmission path of the circulation monitoring data.

[0041] Specifically, static routing strategy refers to a fixed path selection rule that is pre-configured in network nodes. This strategy does not change dynamically with the real-time state of the network, such as instantaneous load or packet loss rate, but is based on the known environmental conditions at the time of deployment, such as whether there is fiber optic cable at the location and the level of wireless signal strength.

[0042] During the installation and deployment phase of the monitoring node, engineers survey the communication infrastructure at the node's location. For example, if the node is located inside a tunnel with an existing industrial fiber optic ring network, its first communication interface module 200 is deemed usable and preferred; if the node is located on an outdoor pole with only carrier wireless signal coverage, its second communication interface module 300 is deemed usable. Based on these determined communication conditions, engineers use configuration tools, such as host computer software, to burn or set the corresponding routing rules into the non-volatile memory of the node's main controller 400. After the node powers on, its main controller 400 will directly query and execute this preset static routing rule when it needs to send locally collected circulation monitoring data. For example, if the rule is to always send through the first communication interface module 200, then all local data will go to the fiber optic network; the rule could also be to always send through the second communication interface module 300, then all data will be uploaded via the wireless network. This strategy is simple and deterministic, requiring no complex real-time decision-making algorithms.

[0043] Therefore, the strategy of this invention is set once during deployment and requires no dynamic calculation during operation, avoiding frequent path switching or instability caused by algorithm misjudgment or network status fluctuations, thus ensuring the predictability and stability of data transmission behavior. By configuring different static routes for nodes in different geographical locations, it can perfectly adapt to typical mixed scenarios of using fiber optics in tunnels and wireless in the field, fundamentally solving the engineering problem that a single communication method cannot provide full coverage. It eliminates the need to equip each node with complex network awareness and dynamic routing algorithms, reducing software complexity and performance requirements for the main controller 400, while also reducing potential failure points caused by dynamic decision-making and improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0044] In some embodiments, the static routing policy includes at least one of the following operating modes: a first mode: sending locally generated circulation monitoring data through a first communication interface module 200; a second mode: sending locally generated circulation monitoring data through a second communication interface module 300; a third mode: forwarding circulation monitoring data received from the first communication interface module 200 through the second communication interface module 300; and a fourth mode: forwarding circulation monitoring data received from the second communication interface module 300 through the first communication interface module 200.

[0045] Specifically, the first and second modes refer to the exit selection mode for locally collected data when the monitoring node acts as a data source. The third and fourth modes refer to the forwarding path selection mode for data from different sources when the monitoring node acts as a relay node. The static routing rules preset within the main controller 400 are specifically manifested as one of these four basic operating modes or a combination thereof. When a node only acts as an end-point collection point, such as a node at the deepest part of a tunnel, its strategy is usually either the first or second mode. The first mode corresponds to transmitting via fiber optic cable if available, and the second mode corresponds to transmitting wirelessly if there is no fiber optic cable.

[0046] When a node needs to perform network expansion or bridging functions, it activates forwarding mode. For example, a node deployed at a tunnel exit with a stable power supply can be configured in fourth mode. It receives data from other nodes inside the tunnel through the second communication interface module 300 and then forwards it to a remote monitoring center through the first communication interface module 200. Conversely, third mode is suitable for scenarios where data from the fiber optic backbone is wirelessly distributed to an area without fiber optic access. A node can be configured to run multiple modes simultaneously. For example, a relay node can be configured to use second mode for its local data and fourth mode for data from other nodes.

[0047] Therefore, this invention decomposes complex communication behavior into four clear basic modes, allowing network planners to select and combine the required modes for each node, flexibly constructing monitoring networks with various topologies. The data forwarding capabilities of each node are clearly defined, enabling the system to effectively extend the coverage of fiber optic networks or compensate for signal blind spots in wireless networks by deploying relay nodes, thus achieving network scalability. Each mode corresponds to specific hardware actions, facilitating engineers' understanding, configuration, and diagnosis, and lowering the technical threshold for system deployment and subsequent maintenance.

[0048] In some embodiments, multiple monitoring nodes are included. These monitoring nodes are deployed along high-voltage cable lines at geographical locations with different communication conditions and are interconnected through a first communication interface module 200 and / or a second communication interface module 300 to form a hybrid communication network.

[0049] Specifically, a hybrid communication network refers to a network composed of both fiber optic and wireless communication links used to transmit monitoring data. Different segments of the network may use different physical media. In actual cable monitoring projects, a single high-voltage cable line may stretch for tens or even hundreds of kilometers, traversing various terrains such as urban tunnels, suburban fields, and mountainous areas, resulting in vastly different communication conditions. This invention's system constructs a communication network covering the entire cable route by deploying multiple monitoring nodes along the cable's path, tailored to local conditions. Each node is configured with a corresponding static routing strategy based on the communication conditions of its geographical location. For example, nodes inside tunnels are interconnected via fiber optic cables and connected to the tunnel exit node using a first communication interface module 200; the tunnel exit node, possessing both fiber optic and wireless capabilities, aggregates data from within the tunnel via fiber optic cables and then transmits it wirelessly (using a second communication interface module 300) to a remote monitoring center; nodes on outdoor towers directly upload data via a wireless network. These nodes interact directly or indirectly through their respective activated communication interfaces, ultimately forming a hybrid communication network that aggregates data from all monitoring points to the monitoring center. The data transmission path in this network is determined by the preset static routing policies on each node.

[0050] Therefore, this invention, through hybrid networking, can address communication challenges in all typical scenarios along the cable route, completely eliminating monitoring blind spots and achieving continuous monitoring. It avoids the extreme approach of uniformly laying expensive fiber optic cables or building dedicated wireless base stations for full coverage. The hybrid network utilizes existing resources where infrastructure is available and employs economical and flexible wireless solutions where resources are scarce, achieving optimal cost-effectiveness. When some links in the network are interrupted due to construction, disasters, or other reasons, data can be routed through other nodes and links, enhancing the adaptability of the entire monitoring system to localized failures.

[0051] In some embodiments, the hybrid communication network includes at least one monitoring node that acts as a relay node, which is used to forward circulation monitoring data between the fiber optic network coverage area and the wireless communication network coverage area.

[0052] Specifically, a relay node in a hybrid communication network is a monitoring node that not only handles local data acquisition and transmission but also receives data from other nodes and forwards it to the next network segment. Relay nodes are key hubs in hybrid communication networks, deployed at the intersection of two communication environments, such as tunnel exits or near base stations. Their core operating principle is to execute data forwarding. For example, a relay node deployed in a tunnel exit equipment room receives data from multiple monitoring nodes within the tunnel via a fiber optic ring network. The data then reaches its first communication interface module 200. The relay node's main controller 400 is preset to a fourth mode. It continuously reads the aggregated data packets from the first communication interface module 200 and then sends them to the second communication interface module 300 via its internal bus. The wireless module then transmits this data to the operator's base station, and finally to the remote monitoring center. During this process, the relay node may also collect local circulating data and package it together with the forwarded data for transmission. Conversely, control commands from the monitoring center may also be sent to the relay node via the wireless network, and then distributed by the relay node to various nodes within the tunnel via the fiber optic network.

[0053] Therefore, this invention solves the problem of two networks being unable to communicate directly due to differences in protocols and physical media. Relay nodes can locally aggregate data from multiple monitoring nodes within a region and then upload it uniformly via a single wireless link, reducing the number of times wireless channels are occupied and contention, optimizing network traffic, and lowering communication costs. By adding relay nodes, the coverage of the wireless network can be flexibly extended to new fiber-free areas, or isolated small fiber-optic networks can be connected to a larger monitoring system, greatly enhancing the scalability and adaptability of the entire system.

[0054] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is a redundancy strategy, which includes setting one of the first communication interface module 200 and the second communication interface module 300 as the primary link and the other as the backup link, and switching to the backup link when the primary link fails; or, transmitting the same circulation monitoring data simultaneously through the first communication interface module 200 and the second communication interface module 300.

[0055] Specifically, redundancy strategy refers to backup or parallel transmission strategies adopted to improve communication reliability. The primary link refers to the communication path used preferentially under normal operating conditions. The backup link refers to the communication path used to take over when the primary link is unavailable. Redundancy strategy includes two modes: a primary / backup mode and a secondary / secondary mode. In this mode, a rule is preset in the main controller 400, for example, the first communication interface module 200 is the primary link, and the second communication interface module 300 is the backup link. During normal system operation, all data is sent through the primary link. The main controller 400 or the communication interface modules themselves continuously monitor the health status of the primary link. Once a primary link failure is detected, such as a severed fiber optic cable, the monitoring mechanism immediately generates an interrupt signal or status flag to the main controller 400. The main controller 400 then executes switching logic, stopping data transmission to the failed primary link and instead sending all subsequent data through the backup link. The switching process should be as fast as possible to minimize data loss.

[0056] Another approach is the dual-active mode. A pre-defined rule in the main controller 400 copies each piece of circulation monitoring data and sends it simultaneously to the first communication interface module 200 and the second communication interface module 300. After preparing a data packet, the main controller 400 copies it into two copies and sends them almost simultaneously to the fiber optic module and the wireless module through two different hardware interfaces. The two modules operate independently, sending the data packets out through their respective physical networks. The monitoring center receives two data packets from the same data source with identical content but potentially slightly different arrival times, requiring deduplication.

[0057] Therefore, the primary / backup mode of this invention provides a backup path, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring services even if any single path fails, thus meeting the high reliability requirements of power monitoring systems. The active-active mode, through a dual-transmission mechanism, ensures data delivery as long as either network path is available. This significantly improves the success rate of single data reporting in harsh environments or under unstable network conditions. Users can choose to enable primary / backup mode or active-active mode based on the importance level and cost considerations of different scenarios, making system configuration more flexible.

[0058] In some embodiments, the preset strategy is an intelligent diversion strategy, and the main controller 400 is further configured to select the transmission interface based on at least one of the following factors: the type attribute of the circulation monitoring data; wherein, key data in the circulation monitoring data is preferentially transmitted through the first communication interface module 200; the load status of the current communication interface; wherein, when the load of the first communication interface module 200 exceeds a threshold, part of the circulation monitoring data is diverted to the second communication interface module 300 for transmission.

[0059] Specifically, intelligent traffic allocation strategy refers to a strategy that dynamically and intelligently allocates data transmission paths based on the characteristics of the data content itself or the real-time status of the network. Type attributes refer to the service type or importance level represented by the circulation monitoring data, such as real-time alarms, periodic sampling values, device logs, historical files, etc. Load status refers to the real-time busy level of the communication interface or link, which can be measured by indicators such as data queue length, bandwidth utilization, or transmission latency.

[0060] Based on type-based traffic routing, the main controller 400 tags circulating current monitoring data packets with type labels when generating or processing them. For example, real-time alarm signals exceeding thresholds and emergency control commands from the monitoring center are marked as critical data; periodically reported sampled values ​​are marked as important data; and device operation logs and historical records are marked as ordinary data. Under the intelligent traffic routing strategy, the main controller 400 prioritizes the transmission of critical data through the higher-quality and more reliable first communication interface module 200 to ensure its low-latency, high-priority delivery. Ordinary data can be transmitted through the second communication interface module 300 to conserve the bandwidth resources of the fiber optic network.

[0061] Based on load conditions, the main controller 400 or the first communication interface module 200 has the ability to monitor its own transmission queue or bandwidth utilization. A load threshold is set in the system; when the load of the first communication interface module 200 exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the fiber optic link may be congested. At this time, the main controller 400 initiates a load balancing mechanism, actively diverting newly generated data packets or some data packets waiting in the queue to the less loaded second communication interface module 300 for transmission, thereby alleviating the pressure on the fiber optic link and avoiding data delays or loss due to congestion.

[0062] Therefore, this embodiment of the invention differentiates network resources based on data importance, ensuring high-quality links are allocated to the most critical services and offloading cost-sensitive or flexible services to the wireless network, thus achieving refined management and cost control of network resources. It ensures that data with high real-time requirements, such as alarms and control commands, always enjoys the optimal transmission path, reducing end-to-end latency for critical services and improving the system's response speed to abnormal states. Simultaneously, when the primary link is busy, it can automatically utilize backup links to share traffic, smoothing network traffic peaks and improving the stability and throughput of the entire monitoring network when facing sudden data surges.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes at least one monitoring node, the monitoring node comprising: The current acquisition module is used to acquire the circulating current signal of the high-voltage cable sheath; The first communication interface module is used to access the fiber optic network; The second communication interface module is used to access the wireless communication network; The main controller is connected to the current acquisition module, the first communication interface module, and the second communication interface module, respectively, and is used to acquire circulating current monitoring data based on the circulating current signal, and selectively transmit the circulating current monitoring data through the first communication interface module and / or the second communication interface module according to a preset strategy.

2. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is also used to perform protocol conversion on the data transmitted between the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module, so as to realize the relay transmission of data between the optical fiber network and the wireless communication network.

3. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first communication interface module includes a hardware protocol stack chip and a network isolation interface chip. The hardware protocol stack chip is connected to the main controller through a serial peripheral interface, and the network isolation interface chip is connected between the hardware protocol stack chip and a standard Ethernet interface.

4. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current acquisition module includes a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit, which is used to acquire the sheath circulating current signal and the grounding wire current signal of multiple phase wires of the high-voltage cable.

5. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The preset strategy is a static routing strategy, which is set according to the communication conditions of the deployment location of the monitoring node and is used to determine the transmission path of the circulation monitoring data.

6. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The static routing policy includes at least one of the following operating modes: First mode: Send the locally generated circulation monitoring data through the first communication interface module; Second mode: Send the locally generated circulation monitoring data through the second communication interface module; Third mode: The circulation monitoring data received from the first communication interface module is forwarded through the second communication interface module; Fourth mode: The circulation monitoring data received from the second communication interface module is forwarded through the first communication interface module.

7. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The system includes multiple monitoring nodes, which are deployed along the high-voltage cable line at geographical locations with different communication conditions and interconnected through the first communication interface module and / or the second communication interface module to form a hybrid communication network.

8. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hybrid communication network includes at least one monitoring node that acts as a relay node, which is used to forward the circulation monitoring data between the fiber optic network coverage area and the wireless communication network coverage area.

9. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The preset strategy is a redundancy strategy, including: One of the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module is designated as the primary link, and the other as the backup link, with switching to the backup link in case of primary link failure; or... The same circulation monitoring data is transmitted simultaneously through the first communication interface module and the second communication interface module.

10. The high-voltage cable sheath circulating current monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The preset strategy is an intelligent traffic splitting strategy, and the main controller is also used to select the transmission interface based on at least one of the following factors: The type attributes of the circulation monitoring data; wherein, key data in the circulation monitoring data are preferentially transmitted through the first communication interface module; The current load status of the communication interface; wherein, when the load of the first communication interface module exceeds the threshold, a portion of the circulating flow monitoring data is diverted to the second communication interface module for transmission.

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