Fungicidal mixture combinations comprising sulfur

Abstract

The present invention relates to mixtures combinations of active compounds comprising: an effective amount of sulfur; an effective amount of at least one fungicide or salt thereof, which mixtures combinations are used to combat or prevent fungal diseases of crop plants. Also disclosed are methods of controlling mites or insects, which methods comprise applying the combinations.

Description

Related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 538,295, filed September 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Various publications are cited throughout this application. The disclosures of the documents and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to mixtures of active compounds comprising: an effective amount of sulfur; an effective amount of at least one fungicide or a salt thereof; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, these mixtures being used to combat or prevent fungal diseases of crop plants. A method for controlling or preventing fungal diseases of crop plants is also disclosed. Background Technology

[0003] Elemental sulfur is well-known as a potent pesticide. Sulfur exists primarily in its elemental form, and formulations (i.e., granules, pellets, powders, etc.) are known to provide sulfur as fertilizer or pesticide. Sulfur is used not only as a fungicide but also as a plant nutrient supplement. Furthermore, bio-sulfur fungicides derived from agricultural sources are also well-known. This bio-sulfur is produced by bacteria converting hydrogen sulfide, a byproduct of biogas production, into elemental sulfur. The source of this process is farm waste, and the organic sulfur possesses a different chemical structure and smaller particle size, making it more effective than conventional sulfur. Sulfur formulations alone are considered moderately effective against various fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew or gray mold.

[0004] The vulnerability of crops to fungal diseases makes fungal disease management a major component of the entire crop production system. Various fungi are highly detrimental to crop plants and can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. Active substances like sulfur or other fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin that protect plants from fungal damage. Although the use of fungicides in agriculture offers benefits such as crop protection and improved productivity, there is currently a desire to reduce field application of fungicides due to the potential health risks associated with the intensive use of agrochemicals. Furthermore, repeated use of a single fungicide often leads to resistance to that particular fungicide or group of fungicides.

[0005] The biological properties of known compounds are not entirely satisfactory in the areas of plant disease control, environmental and worker exposure. For example, pathogens have been observed to become resistant to pesticides, sometimes applied at high doses to achieve desired control, leading to soil toxicity and other environmental hazards, as well as higher costs. Another important problem associated with fungal invasion is nutrient loss, which results in a decrease in total crop yield.

[0006] Combinations of fungicides, or mixtures of one or more fungicides with other crop protection chemicals, are typically used to broaden the control spectrum through addition effects, minimize the dosage of chemicals used, delay the development of resistance, and reduce treatment costs. Although many combinations of a fungicide with one or more crop protection chemicals have been studied, synergistic effects are rarely observed.

[0007] Several documents exist regarding fungicide mixtures containing sulfur. EP 2667720 discloses a pest-control composition containing sulfur, a fungicide, and an agrochemical excipient. Ene et al. (Stiinte Agricole Si Silvice [Agricultural and Forestry Sciences], 23, 1990, pp. 285-293) discuss the use of thiram as a substitute for mancozeb in high concentrations or in combination with sulfur in a fungicide mixture for wheat leaf disease resistance. FR 2585539 relates to a novel combination fungicide containing cymoxanil and wettable sulfur. Pauwels et al. (Mededelingen Van De FaculteitLandbouwwetenschappen [College of Agricultural Sciences Communications], 31, 2, 1976, pp. 687-682) discuss the use of chlorothalonil, as well as chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and sulfur, for controlling cereal diseases.

[0008] Practical agricultural experience has shown that repeated and specific application of individual active compounds (such as sulfur) in fungal control often leads to the selection of fungi that develop natural or adaptive resistance to the active compounds in question. It then becomes impossible to effectively control these fungi using the active compounds in question.

[0009] Therefore, selective mixtures of sulfur and other fungicides are needed to help prevent or overcome resistance. To reduce the risk of fungi developing resistance to certain active compounds, mixtures of different fungicides are now commonly used to control a variety of fungi. By judiciously combining active compounds with different mechanisms of action, successful control can be ensured over a relatively long period.

[0010] Active agent mixtures are described in the literature. However, fungal control does not always meet the needs of agricultural practice. Furthermore, the efficacy of mixtures is not entirely satisfactory in terms of fungal control and / or toxicological and / or environmental impacts. Randomly chosen pest-killing compositions and mixtures do not provide satisfactory control in most cases, and therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel pest-killing mixtures containing one or more crop protection chemicals with certain satisfactory control effects.

[0011] The object of this invention is to provide mixtures and compositions of crop protection chemicals for intelligent selection, which exhibit improved activity against harmful fungi when applied at reduced total amounts of active compounds. An object of this invention is to provide an expanded activity spectrum with extended control. A further object of this invention is to provide sulfur-containing mixtures and compositions that provide effective resistance management and fungal control at the lowest possible application rate.

[0012] One effort of the present invention is to discover that mixtures containing sulfur and at least one other crop protection chemical are synergistically effective, and simultaneous (i.e., together or separately) or sequential application allows for better control of fungi than the individual compounds could be used alone, thereby providing synergistic results and addressing at least one of the challenges in the prior art by reducing the dosage rate or enhancing the activity spectrum with extended control or promoting resistance management.

[0013] A further effort of this invention is the discovery of sulfur mixtures of this kind that also act as acaricides and insecticides, exhibiting higher efficiency compared to each component of the mixture, respectively. The object of this invention is to provide repellent activity against pests and also result in higher crop yields.

[0014] In view of the above, the present invention is committed to a combination of fungicidal mixtures of sulfur-containing crop protection chemicals that exhibit synergistic enhancement, a wider range of activity, reduced treatment dosage, and increased crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0015] We have reasonably found that the objectives described above, in whole or in part, can be achieved through combinations of the active compounds defined below.

[0016] This invention relates to an antifungal mixture comprising the following as active compounds:

[0017] A) An effective amount of sulfur, including biogenic sulfur; and

[0018] B) An effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, selected from groups (1) to (34):

[0019] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0020] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0021] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0022] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0023] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0024] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0025] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0026] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0027] (9) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Philippine glutinosa.

[0028] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0029] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0030] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0031] (13) Quinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and amisulbrom.

[0032] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and metyltetraprole.

[0033] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyrapropoyne.

[0034] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperconazole.

[0035] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopimomide.

[0036] (18) Benzophenone fungicides selected from the group including benzophenone and pyriofenone.

[0037] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0038] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0039] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0040] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0041] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0042] (24) Naphthodithiin, a fungicide selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0043] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of mefentrifluconazole, isotrifluconazole, and tricyclazole.

[0044] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including flutianil.

[0045] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including aminopyrifen.

[0046] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from quinofumelin, ipflufenoquin and tebufloquin.

[0047] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0048] (30) Tubulin polymerization promoters selected from the group including pyridachlometyl.

[0049] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including acibenzolar-S-methyl.

[0050] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0051] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0052] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast.

[0053] When applied together, the amount of sulfur (including biogenic sulfur) and the amount of fungicide are more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than when each fungicide is applied individually in the same amount.

[0054] The present invention further specifically provides a mixture comprising: sulfur, including biogenic sulfur; and an effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, said at least one fungicidal chemical compound being selected from the group consisting of: cycloflufenicol, laminarin, chitosan, trimethylglycine from beet extract, plant extract from Melaleuca alternifolia, eugenol, geraniol, thymol, terpenes, terpenols, terpenols, lupin cotyledons containing polypeptides, seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species, fungicides extracted from Citrus aurantium, benzyl benzoate, butylmorpholine, spirocyclofen, fluoxazolyl acetone, fluoxazolyl sulfadiazine, 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydro Pyrimidine-2(1H)-one, ethirimol sulfonate, pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, indoxazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, tetrazoxystrobin, isoprothiolane, fluopyram, pyridabenamide, piperazine, benzymazole, fluopyram, fluopyram, benzymazole, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, quinoxal, propoxyquin, cyclopyridaben, acetamiprid, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, captan, captan, dithiamethoxam, chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, tricyclazole, fluoxastrobin, azoxystrobin, fluopyram, isoprothiolane, isobutylethoxyquin, fludioxonil, fluopyram, aramacin-S-methyl, isothiazenil, dichlorothiazide, Bacillus, Lactococcus, and yeast; and other agrochemically acceptable additives.

[0055] Furthermore, it has been found in this invention that simultaneous (i.e., together or separately) application of sulfur and fungicidal chemical compound II, or sequential application of sulfur and one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above), allows for enhanced fungal control compared to the possible control rates achieved by using individual compounds.

[0056] The present invention provides a mixture composition wherein the weight ratio of sulfur to one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above) is 1:100 to 100:1, and the amount of each active ingredient is based on the total weight of the mixture composition of about 0.1-99 wt.%, about 0.1-95 wt.%, or about 0.1-90 wt.%.

[0057] The present invention provides a mixture comprising sulfur (including biogenic sulfur) and one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above), wherein the application rate of the mixture according to the invention is from 500 g / ha to 5000 g / ha.

[0058] The present invention further provides a mixture composition comprising sulfur (including biogenic sulfur) and a mixture of one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above), comprising an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and further comprising at least one surfactant, a solid diluent, a liquid diluent, or a combination thereof.

[0059] The present invention also provides a method for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infection, the method comprising applying the following to plants, plant propagation material, or soil:

[0060] A) An effective amount of sulfur, including biogenic sulfur; and

[0061] B) An effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, selected from groups (1) to (34):

[0062] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0063] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0064] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0065] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0066] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0067] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0068] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0069] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0070] (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus,

[0071] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0072] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0073] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0074] (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl.

[0075] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium.

[0076] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide.

[0077] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin,

[0078] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram.

[0079] (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben,

[0080] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0081] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0082] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0083] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0084] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0085] (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0086] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole.

[0087] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide.

[0088] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin,

[0089] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0090] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0091] (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine.

[0092] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl.

[0093] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0094] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0095] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast.

[0096] In order to treat plants or soil to resist fungal infection, wherein the amount of sulfur applied is less than the effective fungicidal amount of sulfur when used alone, and / or

[0097] The amount of fungicide applied is less than the effective fungicide amount when the fungicide is used alone.

[0098] The present invention also provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for combating plant pathogenic diseases and mites on crop plants.

[0099] The present invention further provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for the effective repelling of insects on crops.

[0100] The present invention also provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infections.

[0101] The mixture combination of the present invention can be a synergistic mixture.

[0102] The present invention also provides an antifungal composition comprising any of the combinations or mixtures disclosed herein.

[0103] The present invention also provides a method for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infection, the method comprising applying an effective amount of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to plants, plant propagation material or soil, thereby treating the plants or soil to resist fungal infection.

[0104] The present invention further provides a method for enhancing plant development, the method comprising applying an effective amount of sulfur and a mixture or combination thereof of one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above) to the plant, the plant site and / or the plant's propagation material, so as to thereby enhance plant development and greening effects.

[0105] The present invention also provides a method for regulating plant growth, the method comprising applying an effective amount of sulfur and one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above) or combinations thereof to the plant, the plant site and / or the plant's propagation material, so as to thereby increase plant growth and crop yield.

[0106] The present invention also provides a method for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infections, the fungi being selected from the group comprising: downy pod mildew (Moniliophthora roreri), wilting disease (Moniliophthora perniciosa), seedling blight / leaf cluster disease (Microdochium sp.), grape panicle and shoot blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea), band canker (Phyllosticta ampelicida), black rot (Phyllosticta ampelicida), black banana leaf spot (Pseudocercospora fijiensis); Mycosphaerella fijiensis. *Zymoseptoria tritici* (f. *fijiensis*), *Zymoseptoria tritici* (f. *zymoseptoria tritici*), *Ramularia collo-cygni* (f. *ramularia collo-cygni*), *Cercospora zeae-maydis* (f. *c. *zeae-maydis*), *Ramularia areola* (f. *ramularia areola*), *Cercospora beticola* (f. *c. *zeae-maydis*), *Cercospora beticola* (f. *ramularia areola*), *Pseudocercospora musae* (f. *m ... pyri), leaf spot (Cercospora sp.), Septoria brown spot (Septoria glycines), Purple Seed Stain (Cercospora kikuchii), scab (Cladosporium sp.).), Leaf spot of hops (Pseudocercospora cantuariensis), White leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae), Barn spot (Cercospora nicotianae), Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani / Thanatephorus cucumeris), Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani / Thanatephorus cucumeris), Damping-off / root rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Thanatephorus cucumeris), Rhizoctonia root and crown rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Thanatephorus cucumeris), Pink blight (Erythricium) Salmonicolor), twig blight (Diaportheneoviticola), eye spot (Kabatiella zeae), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis), powdery mildew (Podosphaeraleucotricha), powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica / Oidium Neolycopersici), powdery mildew (Erysiphe beet powdery mildew) betae) / Erysiphe polygoni), powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp. species).Powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), powdery mildew (Oïdium sp.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cruciferarum), powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa), Aspergillus ear rot (Aspergillus sp.), light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae), bark canker of apple (Phlyctema vagabunda), leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). cinereal), Sclerotinia (Sclerotinias clerotiorum), gray mold (Botrytis cinereal), Monilia (Monilinia spp. / Monilinia laxa / Monilia fructigena / Monilia fructicola), Botrytis blight (Botrytis cinereal), gray mold (Botrytis sp.), white mold (Sclerotinia sp.), Sclerotinia stem rot or white mold (Sclerotinia cinereal), Brown rot blossom (Monilinia fructicola). fructicola), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), botrytis blossom and shoot blight (Botrytis cinerea), leaf blotch of cereals (Rhynchosporium secalis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium sp.).Maize ear and kernel rot (Fusarium species), eye rot (Neonectria galligena), bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi), Giberrella stalk and ear rot (Gibberella zeae), coffee wilt (Gibberella xylarioides), anthracnose of grapevine (Elsinoë ampelina), crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp.), black pod disease (Phytophthora palmivora / Phytophthora giantii). downy mildew (Phytophthora capsica), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), downy mildew (Pseudoperonosporahumul), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), downy mildew (Peronospora viciae / Phytopthora sp.), late blight (Phytophthora), downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica), downy mildew (Peronospora farinose), coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae), anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.).Anthracnose (a species of the genus *Colletotrichum*). Anthracnose (banana anthracnose), anthracnose (a species of the genus *Colletotrichum*), anthracnose (apple anthracnose (*Glomerella cingulate*)), anthracnose (grass anthracnose (*Colletotrichum graminicola*)), anthracnose (cotton tuft fungus (*Glomerella gossypii*)), fruit rot (apple anthracnose), red rot (*Colletotrichum falcatum*)), anthracnose (*Colletotrichum destructivum*)), leaf spot (*Polystigma rubrum*), clubroot (*Plasmodiophora brassicae*), target spot (*Corynesporacassiicola*), pea leaf blight (*Didymella*). *Ascochytarabiei* (blight causal agent), *Ascochyta gossypiicola* (boll rot), *Didymella pomorum* (apple leaf spot), *Didymella sp.* (leaf and pod spot), *Wilsonomyces carpophilus* (stone fruit spot), *Plenodomus lingam* (stem spot and leaf spot), *Neocamarosporium betae* (beet damping-off), *Pyrenophora triticirepentis* (oat grass sclerotium), *Drechslera* (oat grass sclerotium). Tritici-repentis), net blight (Pyrenophorateres), northern maize leaf blight (Setosphaeria turcica), southern maize leaf blight (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), northern maize leaf spot (Cochliobolus carbonum), leaf blight (Alternaria spp.).Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria alternata, Pleospora allii, Alternaria blotch of apple (Alternaria mali / Alternaria sp.), Early blight (Alternaria species), Early blight (Alternaria species), Late blight (Alternaria species), Brown spot (Alternaria alternata), Brown spot (Alternaria alternata), Leaf spot (Alternaria species), Brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), Eye spot (Helminthosporium sacchari), Scab (Venturia inaequalis), Scab (Venturia sacchari) pyrina), scab (Venturia carpophila), coffee leaf rust (Hemileiavastatrix), Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Panama wilt (Phakopsora gossypii), tropical cotton rust (Phakopsora), brown rust (Puccinia recondite), yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), rust (Uromyces betae), common rust (Puccinia sorghi), rust (Uromyces sp.), cotton rust (Puccinia schedonnardi), southwestern cotton rust (Puccinia schedonnardi). (cacabata), rust (Tranzschelia spp.), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), leaf roll (Taphrina spp.).The fungi causing this disease include: *Taphrina deformans*, *Ustilago maydis* (common smut), *Ustilago scitaminea* (sugarcane smut), *Phaeomoniella chlamydospore* (grapevine smut), *Streptococcus sclerotiorum* (flower blight), and frosty podrot disease (*Phytophthora cocoa* pod rot).

[0107] The target crops for the indications of this invention include cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, sorghum, and related crops); sugar beets (sugar beets and forage beets); pome fruits (apples, pears), stone fruits, and soft fruits (plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries); legumes (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oilseed plants (rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil plants, cocoa beans, peanuts); and cucurbitaceous plants (zucchini, etc.). Cucumbers, cantaloupes); fiber plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers); Lauraceae (avocados, cinnamon, camphor); or plants such as corn, tobacco, nuts, coffee, sugarcane, tea, vines, hops, bananas and natural rubber plants, as well as ornamental plants (flowering plants, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, and evergreen plants such as conifers).

[0108] The present invention also provides a kit comprising any one of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein.

[0109] The present invention also provides a method for preparing any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein from individual component portions. Detailed Implementation

[0110] definition

[0111] Before detailing the subject matter of this invention, it may be helpful to provide definitions for certain terms used herein. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

[0112] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items. When expressions such as "at least one / of..." precede the list of elements, they modify the entire list of elements and not individual elements within the list.

[0113] It should be understood that when an element is said to be "on" another element, it can be in direct contact with the other element, or there can be intermediate elements between them. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly on" another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0114] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0115] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another element, component, region, layer, or segment. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of embodiments of the present invention, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment.

[0116] The term "or" means "and / or". It should be further understood that the terms "comprises and / or comprising" or "includes and / or including", when used in this specification, indicate the presence of the stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0117] As used herein, “about” includes the value and means an acceptable range of deviation for a particular value, determined by a person skilled in the art taking into account the measured value in question and the errors associated with a particular number of measured values ​​(i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the value.

[0118] As used herein, the term "combination" refers to a collection of agrochemicals applied simultaneously or concurrently.

[0119] As used herein, the term "simultaneously" when used in conjunction with the application of an agricultural chemical means the application of the agricultural chemical in the form of a blend, such as a tank mix. For simultaneous application, the blend can be a blend or separate containers, each containing the agricultural chemicals blended prior to application.

[0120] The term “sulfur” as used in this article refers to both conventional sulfur and biological sulfur fungicides, the latter of which can be derived from biological sources.

[0121] As used herein, the term "extended control" means the attainment of prolonged fungicidal activity over an extended period of time following the application of one or more fungicides for controlling fungal infection of plants or sites, before and / or after infection, or before and / or after the manifestation of fungal damage.

[0122] As used herein, the term “effective” when used in conjunction with the amount of a combination, mixture, or composition means the amount of a combination, mixture, or composition that achieves a good level of control over fungi, pathogens, and / or diseases when applied to plants, plant propagation material, or soil.

[0123] As used herein, the term "effective fungicide dose" refers to the commercially recommended amount of an active ingredient for controlling fungi. The commercially recommended amount of each active ingredient (usually specified as the application rate of the commercial formulation) can be found on the label accompanying the commercial formulation. The commercially recommended application rate of a commercial formulation can vary depending on factors such as the plant species and the fungus to be controlled.

[0124] As used herein, the term “treatment of plants or soil to resist fungal infection” includes, but is not limited to, protecting plants or soil against fungal invasion, preventing fungal infection of plants or soil, controlling fungal diseases infecting plants or soil, and reducing fungal infection of plants or soil.

[0125] As used herein, the term "more effective for controlling fungal diseases" includes, but is not limited to, improving the effectiveness of fungal disease control and reducing the amount of time required to achieve a given level of fungal control.

[0126] As used herein, the term "more effective in protecting plants or soil from fungal invasion" includes, but is not limited to, extending the duration of protection against fungal invasion after application and extending the period of protection against fungal invasion.

[0127] As used herein, the term “agriculturally acceptable inert additive” is defined as any substance that is not itself an active ingredient but is added to a composition, such as thickeners, adhesives, surfactants, antioxidants, defoamers, and thawers.

[0128] As used herein, the term "bucket mix" means the mixing of two or more chemical pesticides or compositions in a spray tank during spray application.

[0129] As used herein, the term "premix" means a composition that can be applied directly to plants after dilution. The composition contains a combination of active ingredients. The terms "mixture" or "combination" refer to, but are not limited to, combinations in any physical form, such as blends, solutions, alloys, etc.

[0130] As used herein, the terms “plant” or “crop” include reference to the whole plant, including cultivated plants, plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, branches, buds, fruits, etc.), plant cells, or plant seeds. This term also includes plant crops such as fruit crops. The term “plant” may also include its propagation material, which may include all reproductive parts of the plant (e.g., seeds) and nutrient plant material that can be used to propagate the plant (e.g., cuttings and tubers). The term may also include spores, bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, sprouts, basal shoots, stolons, and buds, as well as other parts of the plant, including seedlings and young plants transplanted after germination or emergence from soil.

[0131] As used herein, the term “site” includes habitats, breeding areas, plants, propagation materials, soil, areas, materials, or environments where pests grow or can grow.

[0132] As used herein, the term "cultivated plant" includes plants that have been modified through breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are those whose genetic material has been modified using recombinant DNA technology. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the plant's genetic material to improve certain plant characteristics.

[0133] The term "plant health" encompasses a variety of plant improvements unrelated to pest control. For example, beneficial characteristics that may be mentioned include improved crop traits such as: emergence, crop yield, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance (e.g., resistance to drought, heat, salt, UV, water, cold), reduced ethylene production (reduced production and / or inhibited reception), increased plant height, larger leaves, fewer dead basal leaves, stronger tillering, greener leaf color, higher pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input required (e.g., fertilizer or water), less seed required, more effective tillers, earlier flowering, earlier grain maturity, fewer plant nodes (lodging), increased bud growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant density, and earlier and better germination; or any other advantages familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0134] Throughout this application, the description of different embodiments uses the term "comprising"; however, those skilled in the art will understand that in certain specific circumstances, the terms "substantially consisting of" or "consisting of" may be used instead to describe embodiments.

[0135] As used herein, the term “site” includes habitats, breeding areas, plants, propagation materials, soil, areas, materials, or environments where pests grow or can grow.

[0136] As used in this article, the term "ha" refers to a hectare.

[0137] As used in this article, the term "g" refers to gram, and "L" or "l" refers to liter.

[0138] As used herein, the term "more effective" includes, but is not limited to, increasing the efficacy of pest control, prolonging protection and reducing the amount of time required to reach a given pest control level, prolonging the duration of protection against pest attack after application and prolonging the period of protection against pest attack, and / or reducing the amount of time required to reach a pest control level compared to the application of the same amount of each pest control agent alone.

[0139] As used herein, the term “enhanced crop plant” means an improvement in one or more of the following in a plant that has been treated with the mixture or composition described herein, compared to a control plant grown under the same conditions except for the absence of treatment with the mixture or composition described herein: plant quality, plant vigor, nutrient uptake, root system, tolerance to stress factors, and / or yield.

[0140] Where used herein, the term “enhanced root system” means that the root system of a plant treated with the mixture or composition described herein is qualitatively or quantitatively improved compared to the root system of a control plant grown under the same conditions except for the absence of treatment with the mixture or composition described herein. Enhanced root system includes, but is not limited to, improved visual appearance and composition of the root system (i.e., improved color, density, and uniformity), increased root growth, more developed root system, stronger and healthier roots, improved plant density, and increased root weight.

[0141] As used herein, the term “improved plant quality” means that one or more traits of a plant that has been treated with the mixture or composition described herein are qualitatively or quantitatively improved compared to the same traits of a control plant grown under the same conditions except for the absence of treatment with the mixture or composition described herein. Such traits include, but are not limited to, improved visual appearance and composition of plants (i.e., improved color, density, uniformity, compactness), reduced ethylene (resulting in reduced production and / or inhibition of absorption), improved visual appearance and composition of harvested material (i.e., seeds, fruits, leaves, vegetables, shoots / stems / canes), improved carbohydrate content (i.e., increased sugar and / or starch content, improved sugar-acid ratio, reduced reducing sugars, increased rate of sugar formation), improved protein content, improved oil content and composition, improved nutritional value, reduced anti-nutritional compounds, increased nutrient absorption, stronger and healthier roots, improved sensory characteristics (i.e., improved taste), improved consumer health benefits (i.e., increased vitamin and antioxidant levels), improved post-harvest characteristics (i.e., increased shelf life and / or enhanced storage stability, easier processing, easier extraction of compounds), and / or improved seed quality (i.e., suitability for use in the following season).

[0142] As used herein, the term "plant" means any and all tangible parts of a plant, including but not limited to seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, culms, leaves, and fruits.

[0143] As used herein, the term "surfactant" refers to an agriculturally acceptable material that imparts emulsifying, stabilizing, spreading, wetting, dispersing, or other surface-modifying properties. Examples of suitable surfactants include nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants.

[0144] To better understand this teaching and in no way limit its scope, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters listed in the following description and appended claims are approximate values ​​and may vary depending on the desired property sought to be obtained. At a minimum, each numerical parameter should be interpreted according to the number of significant figures reported and by applying common rounding techniques. In this regard, the use of the term "about" herein specifically includes ±10% of the indicated value within that range. Furthermore, the endpoints of all ranges relating to the same component or property herein include endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges.

[0145] Unless otherwise stated, percentages mentioned are weight (wt.) percentages of the active compound in the compositions of the present invention based on the total weight of the active ingredients (i.e., the active compound itself) in the composition, excluding any amount of solvent, carrier, dispersant, stabilizer or other materials that may be present.

[0146] It should be further understood that, when a parameter range is provided, this topic also provides all integers within that range and their decimal parts. For example, "0.1% to 50%" includes 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and so on up to 50%.

[0147] When the ratio in this paper is "X : 1 or higher", it means that the ratio is Y : 1, where Y is X or higher, and when the ratio in this paper is "X : 1 or lower", it means that the ratio is Z : 1, where Z is X or lower. The same logic applies to ratios of "1 : X or higher" and "1 : X or lower".

[0148] Antifungal mixture combination

[0149] It has been unexpectedly discovered that combining sulfur with one or more crop fungicides produces mixtures that exhibit a broad spectrum of control and high efficacy against a very wide range of fungi, and long residual activity under varying climatic conditions. The mixtures and compositions of the present invention are based in part on the finding that applying the mixtures of the present invention to sites or areas where fungicidal control is desired results in improved control of fungi and prevention of further infection.

[0150] In some embodiments, the combination provides a higher fungicidal activity than contemplated based on the sum of the individual activities of the sulfur and fungicide present therein. This combination reduces the dosage of individual fungicides that may harm agriculturally important plants.

[0151] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to an antifungal mixture comprising the following as active compounds:

[0152] A) An effective amount of sulfur, including biogenic sulfur; and

[0153] B) An effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, selected from groups (1) to (34):

[0154] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0155] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0156] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0157] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0158] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0159] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0160] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0161] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0162] (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus,

[0163] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0164] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0165] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0166] (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl.

[0167] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium.

[0168] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide.

[0169] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin,

[0170] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram.

[0171] (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben,

[0172] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0173] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0174] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0175] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0176] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0177] (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0178] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole.

[0179] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide.

[0180] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin,

[0181] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0182] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0183] (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine.

[0184] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl.

[0185] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0186] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0187] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group including Bacillus, Lactococcus and Yeast.

[0188] It has now been unexpectedly discovered that compositions comprising i) an effective amount of sulfur (including biogenic sulfur) mixed in a certain ratio with an effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II selected from the group consisting of:

[0189] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0190] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0191] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0192] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0193] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0194] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0195] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0196] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0197] (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus,

[0198] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0199] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0200] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0201] (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl.

[0202] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium.

[0203] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide.

[0204] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin,

[0205] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram.

[0206] (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben,

[0207] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0208] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0209] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0210] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0211] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0212] (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0213] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole.

[0214] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide.

[0215] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin,

[0216] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0217] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0218] (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine.

[0219] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl.

[0220] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0221] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0222] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast.

[0223] The composition exhibits a synergistic effect in controlling fungal diseases in crops without causing phytotoxicity. A particular advantage of the composition according to the invention is that this synergistic effect between the active components allows for a reduction in the total amount of sulfur or fungicides used on crops while still maintaining good fungal disease control.

[0224] It has now been discovered that combinations of sulfur (including biogenic sulfur) and at least one fungicidal chemical compound II selected from the group consisting of:

[0225] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0226] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0227] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0228] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0229] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0230] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0231] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0232] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0233] (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus,

[0234] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0235] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0236] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0237] (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl.

[0238] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium.

[0239] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide.

[0240] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin,

[0241] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram.

[0242] (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben,

[0243] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0244] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0245] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0246] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0247] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0248] (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0249] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole.

[0250] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide.

[0251] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin,

[0252] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0253] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0254] (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine.

[0255] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl.

[0256] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0257] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0258] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast.

[0259] Increased efficacy in protecting plants or soil against fungal invasion, preventing fungal infections of plants or soil, controlling fungal diseases infecting plants or soil, and reducing fungal infections of plants or soil without causing phytotoxicity to plants. This increased efficacy can be due to synergistic effects. A particular advantage of the combination according to the invention is that this synergistic effect between the active components allows for a reduction in the total amount of sulfur or fungicides used on plants or soil, while still maintaining a good effect in treating plants or soil against fungal infections. Synergistic effects occur when the effect of two or more compounds exceeds the effect of these compounds used alone.

[0260] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is cycloflufenicol.

[0261] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of laminarin and chitosan. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is laminarin. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is chitosan.

[0262] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is trimethylglycine.

[0263] In the embodiments, the fungicidal chemical compound II is a plant extract derived from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0264] In the embodiments, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof derived from vegetable oils. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is eugenol. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is geraniol. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is thymol.

[0265] In the embodiments, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of terpenes, terpenols, terpenols, and any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is a terpene. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is a terpenol. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is a terpenol.

[0266] In the embodiments, the fungicidal chemical compound II is at least one of a polypeptide, which is a plant extract derived from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets.

[0267] In the embodiments, the fungicidal chemical compound II is at least one of the seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species.

[0268] In the embodiments, the fungicidal chemical compound II is at least one of the plant extracts derived from the Philippine citrus.

[0269] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one selected from benzyl sulfide, butylbenzyl morpholine, and spirocyclohexane. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is benzyl sulfide. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is butylbenzyl morpholine. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is spirocyclohexane.

[0270] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of fluoxazolidinone and fluoxastrobin. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluoxazolidinone. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluoxastrobin.

[0271] In one embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is at least one selected from 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate. In a specific embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one. In another specific embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is ethirimol sulfonate.

[0272] In the embodiments, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one selected from pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxofen. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyridaben. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyridabenamide. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is cyazofamid. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is indoxofen.

[0273] In the embodiments, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one selected from azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, clodinafop-methyl, and tetrazalofop-methyl. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is azoxystrobin. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyraclostrobin. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is clodinafop-methyl. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is tetrazalofop-methyl.

[0274] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is isothiazamide. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluopyram. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyridabenamide.

[0275] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is piperacillin.

[0276] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of benzylosporin, fluopyram, and fluopyram. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is benzylosporin. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluopyram. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluopyram.

[0277] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of benomyl and benzoyl ether. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is benomyl. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is benzoyl ether.

[0278] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyrimethanil. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is pyrimethanil.

[0279] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of quinoxaline and propoxyquinoline. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is quinoxaline. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is propoxyquinoline.

[0280] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of cyclophosphamide and acetamiprid. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is cyclophosphamide. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is acetamiprid.

[0281] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is dextrin.

[0282] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of captan and thiophanate-methyl. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is captan. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is thiophanate-methyl.

[0283] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is dithiazolinone.

[0284] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of chlorfluazuron, isotrimazole, and tricyclazole. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is chlorfluazuron. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is isotrimazole. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is tricyclazole.

[0285] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is fluthiabendazole.

[0286] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is azoxystrobin.

[0287] In one embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is at least one selected from fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline. In a specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is fluopyram. In another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is isopropylquinoline. In yet another specific embodiment, fungicide chemical compound II is isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0288] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is fludioxonil.

[0289] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is fluopyridazine.

[0290] In the embodiments, the fungicidal chemical compound II is aramid-type benzene-S-methyl.

[0291] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is isothiazamine.

[0292] In the examples, the fungicidal chemical compound II is dichlorothiazide.

[0293] In one embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is at least one of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast. In a specific embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is Bacillus. In another specific embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is Lactococcus. In yet another specific embodiment, the fungicide chemical compound II is Yeast.

[0294] The weight ratio between sulfur (including biological sulfur) and at least one fungicidal chemical compound II as defined above varies depending on various conditions such as the type of formulation, weather conditions, crop type, and fungal type.

[0295] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fungicide chemical compound II is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fungicide chemical compound II is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0296] The weight ratio of sulfur to fungicide chemical compound II can be any range between those indicated above.

[0297] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phenylacetamide fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phenylacetamide fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to phenylacetamide fungicide can be any range between those indicated above.

[0298] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cycloflufenicol is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cycloflufenicol is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0299] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the polysaccharide compound is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the polysaccharide compound fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the polysaccharide compound can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0300] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to laminarin is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to laminarin is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0301] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to chitosan is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to chitosan is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0302] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from sugar beets is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from sugar beets is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from sugar beets can be any range between those indicated above.

[0303] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to trimethylglycine is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to trimethylglycine is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0304] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Melaleuca alternifolia* is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Melaleuca alternifolia* is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Melaleuca alternifolia* can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0305] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to vegetable oil is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to vegetable oil is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to vegetable oil can be any range between those indicated above.

[0306] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to eugenol is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to eugenol is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0307] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to geraniol is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to geraniol is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0308] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thymol is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thymol is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0309] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the terpene compound from the plant extract is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the terpene compound from the plant extract is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the terpene compound from the plant extract can be any range between those indicated above.

[0310] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0311] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene alcohol is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene alcohol is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0312] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene phenol is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to terpene phenol is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0313] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the polypeptide from the cotyledons of the lupin plantlet is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the polypeptide from the cotyledons of the lupin plantlet is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the polypeptide from the cotyledons of the lupin plantlet can be any range between those indicated above.

[0314] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the seaweed extract from the macroalgae species is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the seaweed extract from the macroalgae species is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the seaweed extract from the macroalgae species can be any range between those indicated above.

[0315] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from *Citrus medica* is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from *Citrus medica* is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the plant extract from *Citrus medica* can be any range between those indicated above.

[0316] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to amine fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to amine fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to amine fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0317] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzene sulfide is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzene sulfide is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0318] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to butylmorpholine is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to butylmorpholine is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0319] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to spirocycline is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to spirocycline is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0320] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the sulfur to oxosterosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the sulfur to oxosterosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of the sulfur to oxosterosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound can be any range between those indicated above.

[0321] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxetine is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxetine is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0322] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxastrobin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxastrobin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0323] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyrimidine fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyrimidine fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to pyrimidine fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0324] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0325] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to ethirimol sulfonate is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to ethirimol sulfonate is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0326] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor can be any range between those indicated above.

[0327] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridaben is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridaben is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0328] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridabenamide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridabenamide is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0329] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cyazofamid is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cyazofamid is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0330] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to indoxam is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to indoxam is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0331] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the quinone inhibitor can be any range between those indicated above.

[0332] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0333] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0334] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0335] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tetrazolium is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tetrazolium is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0336] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor can be any range between those indicated above.

[0337] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isothiazine is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isothiazine is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0338] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0339] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridabenamide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridabenamide is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0340] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tetrazolium oxime fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tetrazolium oxime fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to tetrazolium oxime fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0341] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to piperacillin is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to piperacillin is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0342] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzamide fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzamide fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to benzamide fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0343] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzylamidophos is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzylamidophos is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0344] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0345] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0346] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzophenone fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzophenone fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to benzophenone fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0347] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benomyl is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benomyl is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0348] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzoyl peroxide is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzoyl peroxide is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0349] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the aniline-pyrimidine fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the aniline-pyrimidine fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the aniline-pyrimidine fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0350] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyraclostrobin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyraclostrobin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0351] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyrimethanil is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyrimethanil is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0352] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azirnaphthalene fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azirnaphthalene fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to azirnaphthalene fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0353] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to quinoxaline is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to quinoxaline is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0354] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to propoxyquinoline is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to propoxyquinoline is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0355] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide derived from plant extracts is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide derived from plant extracts can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0356] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cyclophosphamide is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to cyclophosphamide is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0357] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyraclostrobin is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyraclostrobin is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0358] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to guanidine fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to guanidine fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to guanidine fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0359] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to polydextrin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to polydextrin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0360] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phthalimide fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phthalimide fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to phthalimide fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0361] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to captan is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to captan is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0362] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to captan is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to captan is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0363] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to naphthodithiane fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to naphthodithiane fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to naphthodithiane fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0364] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to dithiazolinone is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to dithiazolinone is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0365] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to triazole fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to triazole fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to triazole fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0366] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to chlorfluazuron is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to chlorfluazuron is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0367] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isotrimazole is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isotrimazole is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0368] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tricyclazole is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to tricyclazole is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0369] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinedioic acid fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinedioic acid fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinedioic acid fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0370] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxastrobin is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluoxastrobin is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0371] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridine fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to pyridine fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to pyridine fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0372] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to azoxystrobin is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0373] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to quinoline fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to quinoline fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to quinoline fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0374] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyram is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0375] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isopropylquinoline is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isopropylquinoline is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0376] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isobutylethoxyquinoline is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isobutylethoxyquinoline is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0377] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phenylpyrrole fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to phenylpyrrole fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to phenylpyrrole fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0378] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fludioxonil is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fludioxonil is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0379] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the tubulin polymerization accelerator is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to the tubulin polymerization accelerator is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to the tubulin polymerization accelerator can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0380] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyridazine is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to fluopyridazine is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0381] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiadiazole fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiadiazole fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiadiazole fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0382] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to aramidoylbenzene-S-methyl is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to aramidoylbenzene-S-methyl is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0383] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinyl amide fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinyl amide fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to thiazolidinyl amide fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0384] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isothiazine is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to isothiazine is about 1:50 to 50:1.

[0385] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiazole fungicide is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiazole fungicide is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to benzothiazole fungicide can be any range between the ratios indicated above.

[0386] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to dichlorothiazide is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to dichlorothiazide is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0387] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to probiotic microbial species is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to probiotic microbial species is about 1:50 to 50:1. The weight ratio of sulfur to probiotic microbial species can be any range between those indicated above.

[0388] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to Bacillus spp. is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to Bacillus spp. is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0389] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to *Lactococcus* is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to *Lactococcus* is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0390] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to yeast is approximately 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of sulfur to yeast is approximately 1:50 to 50:1.

[0391] In embodiments, the mixture of the present invention can be applied before or after crop sowing, or before or early after emergence. The mixture can be applied via furrow spraying, foliar application, broadcasting, basal application, soil fertilization, soil incorporation, or soil injection.

[0392] In another embodiment, the mixture is applied in non-crop areas, including but not limited to commercial areas, residential areas, grasslands, ornamental plants, shrubs, trees, parks, pastures, warehouses, food storage facilities, grain silos, lawn grass, forage grass, grasslands, ranches, fallow land, roadsides, golf courses, parking lots, both sides of highways, power lines, pipelines, railways, forests, well sites, and equipment sites.

[0393] In yet another embodiment, the crop plants include, but are not limited to, cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, sorghum, and related crops); sugar beets (sugar beets and forage beets); pome fruits (apples, pears), stone fruits, and soft fruits (plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries); legumes (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oilseed plants (rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil plants, cocoa beans, peanuts); and cucumber plants (zucchini). Cucumbers, cantaloupes); fiber plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers); Lauraceae (avocados, cinnamon, camphor); or plants such as corn, tobacco, nuts, coffee, sugarcane, tea, vines, hops, bananas and natural rubber plants, as well as ornamental plants (flowering plants, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, and evergreen plants such as conifers).

[0394] In another embodiment, the crop plant includes cultivated plants that are resistant to the effects of herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides due to breeding and / or genetic engineering methods.

[0395] In the embodiments, the target fungi include, but are not limited to, downy mildew of pods (e.g., *Streptococcus caeca*), wilting disease (e.g., *Streptococcus caeca*), seedling damping-off / leaf cluster disease (e.g., *Microsporum* species), panicle and branch blight of *Botrytis* (e.g., *Botrytis*), banded canker (e.g., *Botrytis*), black rot (e.g., *Botrytis*), black banana leaf spot (e.g., *Pseudomonas feijiensis*; *Botrytis*), *Synga* (e.g., *Synga*), gray leaf spot (e.g., *Botrytis*), white leaf spot (e.g., *Botrytis*), beet leaf spot (e.g., *Botrytis*), yellow banana leaf spot (e.g., *Pseudomonas bananaensis*), and early leaf spot (e.g., *Botrytis* of peanuts). Late leaf spot (Berkeley's Coccidioides), pear gray leaf spot (Pyrococcidioides), leaf spot (Cercospora species), brown spot of Sphaerosporium (Sphaerosporium davidii), purple spot (Cercospora kikuchiii), scab (Cercospora species), hop leaf spot (Cercospora candida), white leaf spot (Cercospora mustardii), barn spot (Cercospora tobaccoii), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), damping-off / root rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani root and crown rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), pink blight (Cyperus rubra), twig blight (New grape intercalation), eye spot (Cercospora maize), powdery mildew. Diseases (Powdery mildew of the Poaceae family), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Dispora species), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Monomecium species), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Grape species), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Spotted Species), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the White Species), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Tartarus genus / Neo-Tomato Powdery Mildew), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Beetroot / Polygonum powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Species of the Powdery Mildew genus), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Feltose Species), downy mildew (Tobacco Downy Mildew), powdery mildew (Species of the Powdery Mildew genus / Powdery Mildew genus), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Tartarus genus), powdery mildew (Powdery mildew of the Brassicaceae family), powdery mildew (Diffuse Powdery Mildew), Aspergillus rot (Species of the Aspergillus genus), pale leaf spot (Brassica oleracea sclerotiorum), apple bark canker (Bulleye fruit rot pathogen), leaf spot (Leaf spot pathogen) ), Botrytis cinerea (Glaucus spp.), Sclerotinia spp. (Sclerotinia spp.), Botrytis cinerea (Glaucus spp.), Sclerotinia spp. (Sclerotinia spp. species / Sclerotinia spp. / Sclerotinia spp. pome / Australia type of brown rot fungus of stone fruit), Botrytis cinerea blight (Glaucus spp.), Botrytis cinerea (Glaucus spp. species), White mold (Sclerotinia spp. species), Sclerotinia spp. stem rot or white mold (Sclerotinia spp.), Brown rot of stone fruit (Australia type of brown rot fungus of stone fruit), Botrytis cinerea (Glaucus spp.), Botrytis cinerea flower and twig blight (Glaucus spp.), Cereal leaf spot (Barley cloud spot fungus), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp. species), Corn ear rot (Fusarium spp. species), Eye rot (Fusarium spp. dry carcinoma), Bakanae disease (Fusarium wilt).Fusarium wilt (Cephalotaxus fortunei), coffee wilt (Fusarium wiltus), grapevine anthracnose (Polygonum scabra), crown rot and root rot (Phytophthora species), black pod disease (Phytophthora palmii / Phytophthora giantii / Phytophthora capsicum), downy mildew (Phytophthora cucumberii), downy mildew (Phytophthora grapeii), downy mildew (Phytophthora humicinarum), late blight (Phytophthora pathogenica), downy mildew (Phytophthora beanii / Phytophthora species), late blight (Phytophthora pathogenica), downy mildew (Phytophthora parasiticii), downy mildew (Phytophthora powdery mildew), coffee berry disease (Coffee berry anthracnose fungus), anthracnose (Anthracnose species), anthracnose (Anthracnose species). Anthracnose (Banana Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Species of the genus Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Apple Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Cephalotaxus fortunei), Anthracnose (Cotton Microsclerosis), Fruit Rot (Apple Anthracnose), Red Rot (Fusarium Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Anthracnose Destruction), Leaf Spot (Prunella vulgaris), Clubroot (Caulis Clubroot), Target Spot (Cercospora multiflora), Pea Leaf Blight (Phytophthora blight), Boll Rot (Cotton Microsclerosis), Apple Leaf Spot (Catella stem spot), Leaf and Pod Spot (Species of the genus Subsp.), Stone Fruit Perforation (Perforation) (Bacillus thuringiensis), stone fruit spot disease (spotting fungus), stem spot, stem canker and leaf spot (blackleg stem spot fungus), beet damping-off (Neocorhizium beetii), yellow spot (Sclerotium sclerotiorum / Oat grass endophyte), net blotch (Sclerotium rotiorum), northern maize leaf blight (maize large leaf spot fungus), southern maize leaf blight (Heterosporium spp.), northern maize leaf spot (Heterosporium charcoalii), leaf blight (Alternaria species / Alternaria cucumeri), Alternaria species (Alternaria alternifolia), pear brown spot (Alternaria spp.), apple spot leaf drop (Alternaria apple / Alternaria spp.) Alternaria species), early blight (Alternaria species), early blight (Alternaria species), late blight (Alternaria species), brown spot (Alternaria alternifolia), brown spot (Alternaria alternifolia), leaf spot (Alternaria species), brown spot (Alternaria uteri), eye spot (Helicobacter spp.), scab (Acer macranthum), scab (Acer macranthum pear), scab (Acer macranthum var. spp.), coffee leaf rust (Acer macranthum var. spp.), Asian soybean rust (Acer macranthum var. spp.), Panama wilt (Acer macranthum var. spp.), tropical cotton rust (Acer macranthum var. spp.). Rust fungi (including *Russula florida*), brown rust (*Russula crypticarum*), yellow rust (*Russula florida*), rust (*Russula sacchariformis*), common rust (*Russula stalkicarum*), rust (*Russula monospora* species), cotton rust (*Russula florida*), southwestern cotton rust (*Russula florida*), rust (*Russula florida* species), rice blast (*Russula oryzae*), leaf roll (*Russula florida* species / *Russula malformata*), common smut (*Ustilago smut*), smut (*Smutus smutus*), grapevine vine scab (*Leptospora spp.*), and flower blight (*Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*).

[0396] The weight ratio of sulfur to at least one fungicidal chemical compound II as defined above varies depending on various conditions such as the type of formulation, weather conditions, crop type, and fungal type.

[0397] In embodiments, the present invention provides a mixture comprising sulfur and one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II as defined above, wherein the application rate of the mixture according to the invention is from 500 g / ha to 5000 g / ha. In another embodiment, the application rate of the mixture according to the invention is from 1000 g / ha to 5000 g / ha.

[0398] In another embodiment, sulfur and fungicidal chemical compound II as defined above may be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially, and in the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure.

[0399] In other words, sulfur and each of fungicide chemical compound II can be applied together or sequentially. In one example, sulfur and fungicide chemical compound II are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fungicide chemical compound II are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fungicide chemical compound II are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0400] For example, sulfur and cycloflufenicol can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and cycloflufenicol are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and cycloflufenicol are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and cycloflufenicol are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0401] For example, sulfur and laminarin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and laminarin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and laminarin are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and laminarin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0402] For example, sulfur and chitosan can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and chitosan are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and chitosan are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and chitosan are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0403] For example, sulfur and trimethylglycine from beet extract can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and trimethylglycine from beet extract are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and trimethylglycine from beet extract are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and trimethylglycine from beet extract are formulated together, and the formulation is applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0404] For example, sulfur and plant extracts from *Melaleuca alternifolia* can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and plant extracts from *Melaleuca alternifolia* are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and plant extracts from *Melaleuca alternifolia* are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and plant extracts from *Melaleuca alternifolia* are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0405] For example, sulfur and eugenol can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and eugenol are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and eugenol are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and eugenol are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0406] For example, sulfur and geraniol can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and geraniol are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and geraniol are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and geraniol are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0407] For example, sulfur and thymol can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and thymol are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and thymol are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and thymol are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0408] For example, sulfur and terpenes can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and terpenes are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and terpenes are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and terpenes are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0409] For example, sulfur and terpene alcohols can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and terpene alcohols are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and terpene alcohols are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and terpene alcohols are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0410] For example, sulfur and terpenoids can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and terpenoids are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and terpenoids are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and terpenoids are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0411] For example, sulfur and plant extracts from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and plant extracts from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and plant extracts from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and plant extracts from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0412] For example, sulfur and seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0413] For example, sulfur and a fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Citrus aurantium* can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. When applied separately, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Citrus aurantium* are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Citrus aurantium* are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and the fungicide derived from the plant extract of *Citrus aurantium* are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0414] For example, sulfur and benzyl chloride can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and benzyl chloride are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and benzyl chloride are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and benzyl chloride are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0415] For example, sulfur and butylmorpholine can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and butylmorpholine are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and butylmorpholine are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and butylmorpholine are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0416] For example, sulfur and spirocycline can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and spirocycline are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and spirocycline are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and spirocycline are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0417] For example, sulfur and fluthiazopyrone can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate administration, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluthiazopyrone are prepared separately and the individual formulations are administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluthiazopyrone are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluthiazopyrone are formulated together and the formulations are administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0418] For example, sulfur and fluoxastrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluoxastrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluoxastrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluoxastrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0419] For example, sulfur and 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate administration, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measures. In one example, sulfur and 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one are prepared separately and administered individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur is prepared together with 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one, and the preparation is applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0420] For example, sulfur and ethirimol sulfonate can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and ethirimol sulfonate are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and ethirimol sulfonate are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and ethirimol sulfonate are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0421] For example, sulfur and pyridaben can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and pyridaben are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0422] For example, sulfur and pyridaben can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and pyridaben are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0423] For example, thiophanate-methyl and cyazofamid can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate administration, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and cyazofamid are prepared separately and administered individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and cyazofamid are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and cyazofamid are formulated together and administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0424] For example, sulfur and indoxam can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and indoxam are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and indoxam are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and indoxam are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0425] For example, sulfur and azoxystrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0426] For example, sulfur and azoxystrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0427] For example, sulfur and azoxystrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0428] For example, sulfur and tetrazolium can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and tetrazolium are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and tetrazolium are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and tetrazolium are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0429] For example, sulfur and isothiazine can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and isothiazine are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and isothiazine are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and isothiazine are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0430] For example, sulfur and fluopyram can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluopyram are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0431] For example, sulfur and pyridaben can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and pyridaben are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and pyridaben are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0432] For example, sulfur and piperacillin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and piperacillin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and piperacillin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and piperacillin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0433] For example, sulfur and benzoylmethane can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and benzoylmethane are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and benzoylmethane are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and benzoylmethane are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0434] For example, sulfur and fluopyram can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluopyram are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0435] For example, thiophanate-methyl and fluopyram can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and fluopyram are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and fluopyram are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and fluopyram are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0436] For example, sulfur and benomyl can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and benomyl are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and benomyl are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and benomyl are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0437] For example, sulfur and benzoyl permethrin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and benzoyl permethrin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and benzoyl permethrin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and benzoyl permethrin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0438] For example, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0439] For example, thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and pyrimethanil are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0440] For example, thiophanate-methyl and quinoxaline can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate administration, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and quinoxaline are prepared separately and administered individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and quinoxaline are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and quinoxaline are formulated together and administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0441] For example, thiophene and propoxyquine can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophene and propoxyquine are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophene and propoxyquine are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophene and propoxyquine are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0442] For example, sulfur and cyclophosphamide can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and cyclophosphamide are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and cyclophosphamide are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and cyclophosphamide are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0443] For example, sulfur and pyraclostrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and pyraclostrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and pyraclostrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and pyraclostrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0444] For example, sulfur and dapoxetine can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate administration, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and dapoxetine are prepared separately and administered individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and dapoxetine are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and dapoxetine are formulated together and administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0445] For example, sulfur and captan can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and captan are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and captan are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and captan are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0446] For example, sulfur and captan can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and captan are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and captan are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and captan are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0447] For example, sulfur and dithiazolium can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and dithiazolium are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and dithiazolium are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and dithiazolium are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0448] For example, thiophanate-methyl and clofibrazole can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and clofibrazole are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and clofibrazole are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and clofibrazole are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0449] For example, sulfur and isotrimazole can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and isotrimazole are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and isotrimazole are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and isotrimazole are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0450] For example, sulfur and tricyclazole can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and tricyclazole are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and tricyclazole are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and tricyclazole are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0451] For example, thiophanate-methyl and fluthiazide can be administered simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In cases of separate administration, the order typically has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, thiophanate-methyl and fluthiazide are prepared separately and administered individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, thiophanate-methyl and fluthiazide are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, thiophanate-methyl and fluthiazide are formulated together and administered as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0452] For example, sulfur and azoxystrobin can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and azoxystrobin are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0453] For example, sulfur and fluopyram can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluopyram are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0454] For example, sulfur and isopropylquinoline can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and isopropylquinoline are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and isopropylquinoline are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and isopropylquinoline are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0455] For example, sulfur and isobutylethoxyquinoline can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and isobutylethoxyquinoline are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and isobutylethoxyquinoline are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and isobutylethoxyquinoline are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0456] For example, sulfur and fludioxonil can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fludioxonil are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fludioxonil are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fludioxonil are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0457] For example, sulfur and fluopyram can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and fluopyram are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and fluopyram are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0458] For example, sulfur and aramid-type benzyl-S-methyl can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and aramid-type benzyl-S-methyl are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and aramid-type benzyl-S-methyl are prepared together, and the formulation is applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0459] For example, sulfur and isothiazine can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and isothiazine are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and isothiazine are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and isothiazine are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0460] For example, sulfur and dichlorvos can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and dichlorvos are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and dichlorvos are prepared separately and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and dichlorvos are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0461] For example, sulfur and Bacillus spp. can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and Bacillus spp. are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and Bacillus spp. are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and Bacillus spp. are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0462] For example, sulfur and *Lactococcus* spp. can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and *Lactococcus* spp. are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and *Lactococcus* spp. are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and *Lactococcus* spp. are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0463] For example, sulfur and yeast can be applied simultaneously (i.e., together or separately) or sequentially. In the case of separate application, the order generally has no effect on the outcome of the control measure. In one example, sulfur and yeast are prepared separately and applied individually as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, sulfur and yeast are prepared separately and the formulation is mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In yet another example, sulfur and yeast are formulated together and applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0464] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of phenylacetamide fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of phenylacetamide fungicide alone.

[0465] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of phenylacetamide fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0466] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of cycloflufenicol are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0467] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of polysaccharide compound together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of polysaccharide compound alone.

[0468] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of polysaccharide compound are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0469] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur together with a certain amount of a plant extract from beets containing trimethylglycine is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of the plant extract from beets containing trimethylglycine alone.

[0470] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of a plant extract from sugar beets containing trimethylglycine are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amounts of (i) and (ii) are applied alone.

[0471] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur together with a certain amount of fungicide extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia plant extract is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of fungicide extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia plant extract alone.

[0472] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of a fungicide extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia plant extract are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0473] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur together with a certain amount of plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil alone.

[0474] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of a plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0475] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of terpene together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of terpene alone.

[0476] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of terpenes are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0477] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of terpene alcohol together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of terpene alcohol alone.

[0478] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of terpene alcohol are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0479] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of terpene phenol together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of terpene phenol alone.

[0480] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of terpene phenols are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0481] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur together with a certain amount of plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plants is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plants alone.

[0482] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0483] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of seaweed extract together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of seaweed extract alone.

[0484] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of seaweed extract are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0485] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur together with a certain amount of plant extract from Philippine citrus is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of plant extract from Philippine citrus alone.

[0486] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of plant extract from Philippine citrus are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0487] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of amine fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of amine fungicide alone.

[0488] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of amine fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0489] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of an oxosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of an oxosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound alone.

[0490] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of oxosterol-binding protein inhibitor compound are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0491] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of pyrimidine fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of pyrimidine fungicide alone.

[0492] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of pyrimidine fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0493] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of intraquinone inhibitor together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of intraquinone inhibitor alone.

[0494] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of quinone inhibitor are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0495] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of exoquinone inhibitor together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of exoquinone inhibitor alone.

[0496] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of quinone inhibitor are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0497] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor alone.

[0498] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0499] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of tetrazolium oxime fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of tetrazolium oxime fungicide alone.

[0500] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of tetrazolium oxime fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0501] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of benzamide fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of benzamide fungicide alone.

[0502] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of benzamide fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0503] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of benzophenone fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of benzophenone fungicide alone.

[0504] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of benzophenone fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0505] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of aniline-pyrimidine fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of aniline-pyrimidine fungicide alone.

[0506] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of aniline-pyrimidine fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0507] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of azirnaphthalene fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of azirnaphthalene fungicide alone.

[0508] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of naphthalene fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0509] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide alone.

[0510] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of ketone reductase inhibitor fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0511] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of guanidine fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of guanidine fungicide alone.

[0512] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of guanidine fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0513] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of phthalimide fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of phthalimide fungicide alone.

[0514] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of phthalimide fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0515] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of naphthodithiane fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of naphthodithiane fungicide alone.

[0516] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of naphthodithiain fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0517] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of triazole fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of triazole fungicide alone.

[0518] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of triazole fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0519] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of thiazolidinedioic acid together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of thiazolidinedioic acid alone.

[0520] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of thiazolidinedioic acid fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0521] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of pyridine fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of pyridine fungicide alone.

[0522] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of pyridine fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0523] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of quinoline fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of quinoline fungicide alone.

[0524] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of quinoline fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0525] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of phenylpyrrole fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of phenylpyrrole fungicide alone.

[0526] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of phenylpyrrole fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0527] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of tubulin polymerization accelerator together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of tubulin polymerization accelerator alone.

[0528] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of tubulin polymerization promoter are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0529] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of benzothiadiazole fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of benzothiadiazole fungicide alone.

[0530] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of benzothiadiazole fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0531] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of thiazolidinedion fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of thiazolidinedion fungicide alone.

[0532] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of thiazolyl carbendazim fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0533] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of benzothiazole fungicide together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of benzothiazole fungicide alone.

[0534] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of benzothiazole fungicide are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0535] In some embodiments, applying a certain amount of sulfur and a certain amount of probiotic microbial species together is more effective than applying the same amount of sulfur and the same amount of probiotic microbial species alone.

[0536] In some embodiments, if (i) a certain amount of sulfur and (ii) a certain amount of probiotic microbial species are applied together in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, it is more effective in treating plants or soil against fungal infections than if the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) are applied alone.

[0537] In another embodiment, the mixture of active compounds of the present invention comprises: (i) sulfur; and (ii) at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, which, after several hours to several days of application, exhibits synergistic effectiveness in controlling fungi compared to applying the same amount of compound (i) and the same amount of compound (ii) alone.

[0538] In yet another embodiment, the synergistic composition may be applied as a mixture or combination of sulfur and a fungicidal chemical compound II as defined above, such mixtures or combinations being, for example, in a single “ready-to-use” form or in the form of a combined spray mixture consisting of individual formulations of a single active ingredient, such as a “bucket mix”.

[0539] In yet another embodiment, the composition is applied as a ready-to-use formulation comprising sulfur and a fungicidal chemical compound II as defined above. This formulation can be obtained by combining an effective amount of the active ingredient with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, surfactant, or other convenient application adjuvant commonly used in formulation techniques.

[0540] According to embodiments, the composition comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents, and liquid diluents. Such compositions can be formulated using agriculturally acceptable carriers, surfactants, or other application-promoting adjuvants commonly used in formulation techniques, as well as formulation techniques known in the art.

[0541] Examples of suitable solid carriers that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, minerals such as silica gel, silicates, talc, kaolin, sericite, attaclay, limestone, bentonite, lime, chalk, red basalt, mirabilite, loess, clay, dolomite, zeolite, diatomite, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate; pulverized synthetic materials; fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and plant-derived products such as cereal powder, bark powder, wood powder and nut shell powder; cellulose powder; and other solid carriers.

[0542] Examples of suitable liquid carriers that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, water; aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; alcohols such as cyclohexanol and decanol; ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethylacetamide; N-alkylpyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; alkanes; various oils such as olive oil, castor oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sesame oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, or coconut oil; fatty acid esters; ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone; and so on.

[0543] The compositions of this invention can be used or prepared in any conventional form, such as as wettable powder (WP), emulsion concentrate (EC), microemulsion concentrate (MEC), water-soluble powder (SP), water-soluble concentrate (SL), suspension (SE), oil dispersion (OD), concentrated emulsion (BW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, capsule suspensions (CS), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension concentrates, powders (DP), oil-miscible solutions (OL), seed dressing products, granules (GR) in the form of microparticles, spray granules, coated granules, and absorbent granules, granules for soil application or broadcasting, water-soluble granules (SG), water-dispersible granules (WDG), ULV formulations, microcapsules, or waxes. These individual formulation types are known in the art.

[0544] Examples of suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated polysorbates (e.g., Tween 20), ethoxylated castor oil, lignin sulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g., lauryl sulfonates), phosphate esters (e.g., phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates, and phosphate esters of styrylphenol ethoxylates), condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, alkylaryl sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and arylphenols, polyalkylene glycols, sorbitol esters, alkali metal salts and sodium salts of lignin sulfonic acid, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, graft copolymers, and polyvinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers. Other surfactants known in the art may be used when necessary.

[0545] Other ingredients such as wetting agents, defoamers, binders, neutralizers, thickeners, adhesives, chelating agents, fertilizers, biocides, stabilizers, buffers, or antifreeze agents may also be added to the compositions of the present invention to increase the stability, density, and viscosity of the described compositions.

[0546] Aqueous forms can be prepared by adding water from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders, or water-dispersible particles. To prepare emulsions, pastes, or oil dispersions, the composition components, either as is or dissolved in oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water using a wetting agent, thickener, dispersant, or emulsifier. Alternatively, concentrates containing active ingredients, wetting agents, thickeners, dispersants, or emulsifiers, and, where necessary, solvents or oils, can be prepared; these concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.

[0547] In one embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 0.1-99 wt.%, about 0.1-95 wt.%, or about 0.1-90 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-70 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-50 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-40 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-30 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-20 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is about 1-10 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. The remaining components in the formulation are, for example, carriers and additives.

[0548] In the examples, the amount of the mixture of active ingredients in the composition is based on about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, 99% of the total weight of the composition.

[0549] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a kit comprising a synergistic pest-killing composition or a component thereof as described herein. Such kits may also contain one or more additional active and / or inactive ingredients, in addition to the active ingredients described above, either in or alone, the provided pest-killing composition.

[0550] As described above, the compositions, kits, and methods described herein exhibit synergistic effects. A synergistic effect exists as long as the combined effect of the active components is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each component. Therefore, the synergistic effective amount (or the effective amount of the synergistic composition or combination) is the amount that exhibits greater fungicidal activity than the sum of the activities of the individual components.

[0551] How to use

[0552] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating crop plants or soil to resist fungal infection, the method comprising applying to the crop plants, plant propagation material, or soil...

[0553] A) An effective amount of sulfur; and

[0554] B) An effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, selected from groups (1) to (34):

[0555] (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol,

[0556] (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan.

[0557] (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine.

[0558] (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia.

[0559] (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof.

[0560] (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof.

[0561] (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides.

[0562] (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species,

[0563] (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus,

[0564] (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline.

[0565] (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine.

[0566] (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate.

[0567] (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl.

[0568] (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium.

[0569] (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide.

[0570] (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin,

[0571] (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram.

[0572] (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben,

[0573] (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil.

[0574] (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin.

[0575] (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb.

[0576] (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine,

[0577] (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl.

[0578] (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone.

[0579] (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole.

[0580] (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide.

[0581] (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin,

[0582] (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0583] (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil.

[0584] (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine.

[0585] (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl.

[0586] (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide,

[0587] (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and

[0588] (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Yeast.

[0589] In order to treat crops or soil to resist fungal infection, wherein the amount of sulfur applied is less than the effective fungicidal amount of sulfur when used alone, and / or

[0590] The amount of fungicide applied is less than the effective fungicide amount when the fungicide is used alone.

[0591] In another embodiment, the present invention also provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for combating plant pathogenic diseases and mites on crop plants.

[0592] In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for treating crop plants or soil to resist fungal infections, the fungi being selected from the group comprising: downy mildew of pods (Streptococcus caeca pod rot), wilting blight (Streptococcus caeca var. caeca), seedling damping-off / leaf cluster blight (Microsporum species), grape cotyledon panicle and branch blight (Grape canker), banded canker (Grape canker), black rot (Grape black rot), black banana leaf spot (Pseudomonas feijiensis; Colocynium feijiensis), *Syngae* (Syngae fermentans *Syngae*), leaf spot of *Syngae* (Syngae syngae), gray Leaf spot (corn gray spot fungus), leaf spot of *Pseudomonas* genus (white spot fungus), beet leaf spot (*Cercospora beta*), leaf spot of *Pseudomonas* genus (beet leaf spot fungus), yellow banana leaf spot (*Pseudomonas bananais*), early leaf spot (*Cercospora argentea*), late leaf spot (*Cercospora bekleyi*), pear gray leaf spot (*Cercospora pearis*), leaf spot (*Cercospora* species), brown spot of *Syngonium* genus (*Syngonium soybeanis*), purple spot (*Cercospora kikuchi*), scab (*Cercospora* species), hop leaf spot (*Pseudomonas candida*), white leaf spot (*Pseudomonas mustardii*), barn spot (*Barn*). Spot (Cercospora tobaccois), Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Damping-off / Root rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Rhizoctonia solani root and crown rot (Rhizoctonia solani / Rhizoctonia solani), Pink blight (Cyclocarya paliurus), Twig blight (New grape intercalation), Eye spot (Cercospora maize), Powdery mildew (Gracilaria spp.) Powdery mildew (Bruch's powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Diplosporium powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Monothecia powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Grape powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Spotted Forsythiae), powdery mildew (White Forsythiae), powdery mildew (Tartarium powdery mildew / Neotomato powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Begonia powdery mildew / Polygonum powdery mildew), powdery mildew (Species of the genus Powdery Mildew), powdery mildew (Monothecia velutipes), downy mildew (Tobacco downy mildew), powdery mildew (Species of the genus Powdery Mildew). / Species of the genus *Pyrrosia*), powdery mildew (*Erythrina tartanis*), powdery mildew (*Erythrina variegata*), powdery mildew (*Erythrina variegata*), aspergillus rot (*Aspergillus* species), pale leaf spot (*Sclerotium brassicae*), apple bark canker (*Bull's eye fruit rot*), leaf spot (*Sclerotium variegata*), gray mold (*Botrytis cinerea*), *Sclerotium* (*Sclerotium*), gray mold (*Botrytis cinerea*), *Sclerotium* (*Sclerotium* species / *Sclerotium drupeum*). / Pomegranate spores / Peach brown rot fungus), Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea), Gray mold (Botrytis species), White mold (Sclerotinia species), Sclerotinia stem rot or White mold (Sclerotinia), Brown rot of stone fruits (American and Australian type of brown rot fungus), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Botrytis cinerea flower and twig blight (Botrytis cinerea), Cereal leaf spot (Barley cloud spot fungus), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium species).Corn ear rot (Fusarium species), eye rot (Fusarium graminearum), seedling blight (Fusarium graminearum), scab rot (Fusarium graminearum), coffee wilt (Fusarium graminearum), grape vine anthracnose (Fusarium graminearum), crown rot and root rot (Phytophthora species), black pod disease (Phytophthora palmii / Phytophthora giantii / Phytophthora capsicum), downy mildew (Phytophthora cucumberii), downy mildew (Phytophthora grapeii), downy mildew (Phytophthora humileii), late blight (Phytophthora pathogeni), downy mildew (Phytophthora beanii / Phytophthora species), late blight (Phytophthora pathogeni), downy mildew (Phytophthora parasiticii), downy mildew (Phytophthora powdery mildew), coffee berry disease (Coffee berry anthracnose fungus), anthracnose (Anthracnose species), anthracnose (Anthracnose species). Anthracnose (Banana Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Species of the Anthracnose Genus), Anthracnose (Apple Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Cephalotaxus fortunei), Anthracnose (Cotton Microsclerosis), Fruit Rot (Apple Anthracnose), Red Rot (Fusarium Anthracnose), Anthracnose (Anthracnose Destruction), Leaf Spot (Prunella vulgaris), Clubroot (Caulis Clubroot), Target Spot (Cercospora multiflora), Pea Leaf Blight (Phytophthora blight), Boll Rot (Cotton Microsclerosis), Apple Leaf Spot (Catella stem spot), Leaf and Pod Spot (Species of the Subsp. genus), Stone Fruit Perforation ( Perforation pathogen), stone fruit perforation (perforation pathogen), stem spot, stem canker and leaf spot (black shank stem spot), beet damping-off (beet nematode), yellow spot (oat grass sclerotium / oat grass endophytic sclerotium), net blotch (round sclerotium), northern maize leaf blight (maize large leaf spot pathogen), southern maize leaf blight (heterosporium), northern maize leaf spot (carbonyl spirophyllum), leaf blight (Alternaria species / cucurbita), Alternaria (alternaria alternifolia), pear brown spot (allium spores), apple spot leaf drop (alternaria apple / Alternaria species), early blight (Alternaria species), early blight (Alternaria species), late blight (Alternaria species), brown spot (Alternaria alternifolia), brown spot (Alternaria alternifolia), leaf spot (Alternaria species), brown spot (Alternaria uteri), eye spot (Helicobacter sugarcane), scab (Acer macranthum), scab (Acer macranthum pear), scab (Acer thuringiensis), coffee leaf rust (Acer caesarea), Asian soybean rust (Acer tumefaciens), Panama wilt (Acer tumefaciens), tropical cotton rust (Cotton rust), brown rust (Cryptoceros rust), yellow rust (Stripeoceros rust), rust (Sacchariformis rust), common rust (Sorghum stalk rust), rust (Singapore rust species), cotton rust (Russula stalk rust), southwestern cotton rust (Southwestern cotton stalk rust), rust (Russula spp. species), rice blast (Pyrrosia spp.), leaf roll (Exocystis species / Deformed Exocystis), common smut (Corn smut), smut (Sugarcane smut fungus), grapevine vine disease (Thymplocos spp.), flower blight (Sclerotium sclerotiorum).And downy mildew pod rot (cacopathiae).

[0593] In embodiments, the target crops for the indications of this invention include cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, sorghum, and related crops); sugar beets (sugar beets and forage beets); purslane (apples, pears), stone fruits, and soft fruits (plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries); legumes (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oilseed plants (rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil plants, cocoa beans, peanuts); and cucumbers (western cucumbers). Gourds, cucumbers, cantaloupes; fiber plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers); Lauraceae (avocados, cinnamon, camphor); or plants such as corn, tobacco, nuts, coffee, sugarcane, tea, vines, hops, bananas, and natural rubber plants, as well as ornamental plants (flowering plants, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, and evergreen plants such as conifers).

[0594] In another embodiment, the present invention provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for the effective repelling of insects on crops.

[0595] In the embodiments, the present invention also provides the use of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infections.

[0596] In embodiments, the mixture combination of the present invention may be a synergistic mixture.

[0597] In an embodiment, the present invention also provides an antifungal composition comprising any of the combinations or mixtures disclosed herein.

[0598] In an embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for treating plants or soil to resist fungal infection, the method comprising applying an effective amount of any of the combinations, mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to plants, plant propagation material or soil, thereby treating the plants or soil to resist fungal infection.

[0599] In an embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for enhancing plant development, the method comprising applying an effective amount of sulfur and a mixture or combination thereof of one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above) to the plant, the plant site and / or the plant's propagation material, so as to thereby enhance plant development and greening effects.

[0600] In an embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for regulating plant growth, the method comprising applying an effective amount of sulfur and one or more fungicidal chemical compounds II (as mentioned above) or combinations thereof to the plant, the plant site and / or the plant's propagation material, so as to thereby increase plant growth and crop yield.

[0601] Each embodiment disclosed herein is contemplated for applicability to every other disclosed embodiment. Therefore, all combinations of the various elements described herein are within the scope of this invention. Furthermore, the elements listed in the composition examples can be used in the combinations, mixtures (including synergistic mixtures), packaging, methods, and uses described herein, and vice versa.

[0602] The invention is illustrated and further described in more detail with reference to the following non-limiting examples. These examples illustrate the practice of the subject matter in some embodiments of the invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on consideration of the specification and examples. The specification, including the examples, is intended to be illustrative only and does not limit the scope and spirit of the subject matter. Example

[0603] Representative experiments were conducted by applying commercially available formulations of sulfur and other mixed complexes individually or as drum-mixed compositions. The compositions were diluted with water.

[0604] The active ingredients used in the experiment had the following formulation types and concentrations:

[0605]

[0606] Each formulation containing the active ingredient was diluted with water and subjected to bioefficacy testing against the target fungus.

[0607] Each formulation containing an active ingredient was diluted with water and tested to assess its bioactivity and yield in plants.

[0608] The activity of the composition was evaluated by referencing quantitative and qualitative data on yield from multiple attributes:

[0609]

[0610] The following experiments were conducted on different types of fungi using various sulfur mixtures, and the results are summarized in the table below:

[0611] Table 1:

[0612]

[0613] Table 2:

[0614]

[0615] Table 3:

[0616]

[0617] Table 4:

[0618]

[0619] Table 5:

[0620]

[0621] Table 6:

[0622]

[0623] Other representative experiments may be conducted to determine the synergistic or other improved biological effects of mixtures comprising: i) an effective amount of sulfur; and ii) an effective amount of at least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: cycloflufenicol, laminarin, chitosan, trimethylglycine from beet extract, plant extracts from Melaleuca alternifolia, eugenol, geraniol, thymol, terpenes, terpenols, terpenols, cotyledons of lupin plantlets containing polypeptides, seaweed extracts from macroalgae species, fungicides from plant extracts of Citrus aurantium, benzyl sulfadiazine, butylmorpholine, spirocyclofen, fluoxazolyl sulfadiazine, fluoxazolyl sulfadiazine, 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, ethirimol sulfonate, pyridoxine, and others. Pyroxyfenamide, cyazofamid, indoxamylsulfuron, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, tetrazoxystrobin, isothiazinamide, fluopyram, pyridabenamide, piperaconazole, benzymamide, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluopyram, benzymamide, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, quinoxal, propoxyquin, cyclopyridaben, acetamiprid, pyrimethanil, styraclostrobin, captan, thiamethoxam, chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, tricyclazole, fluopyram, azoxystrobin, fluopyram, fluopyram, isothiazuron, isothiazuron, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluopyram, acetamiprid, aramacin-S-methyl, isothiazinamide, dichlorothiazide, Bacillus, Lactococcus, and yeast; and their agrochemically acceptable additives.

[0624] In representative examples, the mixture could be prepared by thoroughly mixing sulfur (wt%) with cycloflufenicol (wt%). Furthermore, in separate experiments, the mixture could be prepared by thoroughly mixing sulfur (wt%) with laminarin (wt%). In another experiment, the mixture could be prepared by thoroughly mixing sulfur (wt%) with chitosan (wt%).

[0625] Different concentrations of each active ingredient can be applied to different fungi. The control percentage can be determined after a certain period of time following treatment.

[0626] The observed percentage control of the fungicidal compositions against different fungal species is expected to be higher than the expected percentage control based on the Colby equation. Therefore, mixtures containing sulfur (wt%) and fungicides such as cycloflufenicol, laminarin, and chitosan (wt%) are expected to exhibit synergistic effects against different fungal species.

[0627] Synergistic effects exist as long as the combined effect of active ingredients is greater than the sum of the effects of individual components.

[0628] In agriculture, the term "synergistic effect" should generally be understood as being defined by Colby SR in his article entitled "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, pp. 20-22. The expected effect for a given combination of two active ingredients can be calculated as follows:

[0629] E = X + Y - XY / 100

[0630] Where E represents the expected effect of the combination of active ingredients at a defined dose (e.g., equal to x and y, respectively), such as the percentage of fungal control; X is the effect observed for compound (I) at a defined dose (equal to x), such as the percentage of pest control; and Y is the effect observed for compound (II) at a defined dose (equal to y), such as the percentage of fungal control. Here, efficacy or inhibition percentage is determined as a percentage (%). 0% indicates efficacy corresponding to a control, i.e., as if no treatment was applied. 100% inhibition percentage indicates complete control was observed. A synergistic effect exists when the observed percentage of control for the combination is greater than E. An additive effect exists when the observed percentage of control for the combination is equal to E, and an antagonistic effect exists when the observed percentage of control for the combination is less than E.

[0631] In some embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to enhance crop plants. In some embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to enhance plant development. In some other embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to enhance root systems. In some embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to improve plant quality. In some embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to regulate plant growth. In some embodiments, the mixture is synergistically used to control different fungal species.

[0632] While various modifications and alternatives can be readily implemented based on the disclosure of this invention, specific embodiments have been described in detail herein by way of example. However, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, this disclosure will cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of this disclosure as defined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims

1. A fungicidal mixture comprising the following as active compounds: A) An effective amount of sulfur, including biogenic sulfur; and B) An effective amount of at least one fungicidal chemical compound II, selected from groups (1) to (34): (1) Phenylacetamide fungicides selected from the group including cycloflufenicol, (2) Polysaccharide compounds selected from the group including laminarin and chitosan. (3) Plant extracts from sugar beets, which contain trimethylglycine. (4) Plant extract fungicide, which is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia. (5) A plant extract fungicide derived from vegetable oil, selected from the group consisting of eugenol, geraniol, thymol, and any combination thereof. (6) Plant extract fungicides, selected from the group consisting of terpenes, terpenoids, terpenols, and any combination thereof. (7) A plant extract from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets, containing polypeptides. (8) Plant extracts, selected from seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species, (9) A plant-derived fungicide, extracted from Philippine citrus, (10) Amine fungicides selected from the group including benzyl sulfide, butyl morpholine and spirocycline. (11) Oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor compounds selected from the group including fluoxetine and fluoxetine. (12) Pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and ethirimol sulfonate. (13) Intraquinone inhibitors selected from the group including pyridaben, pyridabenamide, cyazofamid, and indoxamyl. (14) Exoquinone inhibitors, selected from the group including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin and tetrazolium. (15) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors selected from the group including isothiazamide, fluopyram, and pyridabenamide. (16) Tetrazolyl oxime fungicides selected from the group including piperacillin, (17) Benzamide fungicides selected from the group including benzylamidophos, fluopyram, and fluopyram. (18) Benzophenone fungicide, selected from the group including benzoyl peroxide and pyridaben, (19) Aniline-pyrimidine fungicides selected from the group including pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil. (20) Azathionine fungicides selected from the group including quinoxaline and propoxyquin. (21) Ketoreductase inhibitors, fungicides selected from the group including cyclophosphamide and pirimicarb. (22) Guanidine fungicides, selected from the group including guanidine, (23) Phthalimide fungicides selected from the group including captan and thiophanate-methyl. (24) Naphthodithiazine fungicides selected from the group including dithiazolone. (25) Triazole fungicides selected from the group consisting of chlorfluazuron, isothiazuron, and tricyclazole. (26) Thiazolidine fungicides selected from the group including fluthiazide. (27) Pyridine fungicides selected from the group including azoxystrobin, (28) Quinoline fungicides, selected from those including fluopyram, isopropylquinoline, and isobutylethoxyquinoline. (29) A phenylpyrrolidinone fungicide selected from the group including fludioxonil. (30) A microtubule polymerization promoter selected from the group including fluopyridazine. (31) Benzothiadiazole fungicides selected from the group including aramaic acid-benzene-S-methyl. (32) Thiazole carbendazim fungicides selected from the group including isothiazamide, (33) Benzothiazole fungicides selected from the group including dichlorothiazide, and (34) Probiotic microbial species selected from the group including Bacillus, Lactococcus and Yeast.

2. The mixture combination as described in claim 1, wherein, The weight ratio of sulfur to at least one fungicidal chemical compound II as defined in claim 1 is from 1:100 to 100:

1.

3. The mixture combination as described in claim 1, wherein, Sulfur and at least one fungicidal chemical compound II as defined in claim 1 are applied together or sequentially.

4. The mixture combination according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The mixture is selected from the group consisting of: 1) Sulfur and cyclofluoromethylenediamine, 2) Sulfur and laminarin, 3) Sulfur and chitosan, 4) Sulfur and beet extract containing trimethylglycine, 5) Sulfur and plant extracts from Melaleuca alternifolia, 6) Sulfur and eugenol, 7) Sulfur and geraniol, 8) Sulfur and thymol, 9) Sulfur and terpenes, 10) Sulfur and terpene alcohols, 11) Sulfur and terpenoid phenols, 12) Sulfur and plant extracts containing peptides from the cotyledons of lupinus plantlets. 13) Sulfur and seaweed extracts derived from macroalgae species, 14) Sulfur and plant extracts from Philippine tangerine. 15) Sulfur and benzenesulfonic acid, 16) Sulfur and butylmorpholine, 17) Sulfur and spirocycline, 18) Sulfur and fluthiazopyrone, 19) Sulfur and fluoxastrobin, 20) Sulfur and 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, 21) Sulfur and ethirimol sulfonate, 22) Sulfur and pyridaben, 23) Sulfur and pyridabenamide, 24) Thiophanate and cypermethrin, 25) Sulfur and indazolesulfuron, 26) Sulfur and azoxystrobin, 27) Sulfur and azoxystrobin, 28) Thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin, 29) Sulfur and tetrazolium, 30) Sulfur and isothiazine, 31) Sulfur and fluopyram, 32) Sulfur and pyridoxine, 33) Sulfur and piperacillin, 34) Sulfur and benzoyl amide, 35) Sulfur and fluopyram, 36) Sulfur and fluopyram, 37) Sulfur and benomyl, 38) Sulfur and benzoylmide, 39) Thiophanate and pyrimethanil, 40) Thiophanate and pyrimethanil, 41) Sulfur and quinoxaline, 42) Sulfur and propoxyquinoline, 43) Sulfur and cyclophosphamide, 44) Sulfur and acetamiprid, 45) Sulfur and polyphenols, 46) Sulfur and captan, 47) Sulfur and captan, 48) Sulfur and dithiazolinone, 49) Sulfur and chlorfenapyr, 50) Sulfur and isotrimazole, 51) Sulfur and tricyclazole, 52) Sulfonamide and fluopyram, 53) Sulfur and azoxystrobin, 54) Sulfur and fluopyram, 55) Sulfur and isopropyl quinoline, 56) Sulfur and isobutylethoxyquinoline, 57) Sulfur and fludioxonil, 58) Sulfur and fluopyridazine, 59) Sulfur and aramid-type benzene-S-methyl, 60) Sulfur and isothiazine, 61) Sulfur and dichlorvos, 62) Sulphur and Bacillus spp. 63) Sulfur and Lactococcus spp., and 64) Sulfur and yeast.

5. The mixture combination according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The mixture is selected from the group consisting of: 1) Sulfur and laminarin 2) Sulfur and beet extract 3) Sulfur and chitosan.

6. The mixture combination as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The mixture exhibits a synergistic effect.

7. The mixture combination according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The application rate of the mixture is from 500 g / ha to 5000 g / ha.

8. A fungicidal composition comprising: (i) a mixture of any one of claims 1-7; and (ii) an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

9. The antifungal composition of claim 8, further comprising at least one surfactant, a solid diluent, a liquid diluent, or a combination thereof.

10. A method of treating crop plants or soil to resist fungal infection, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a mixture of any one of claims 1-7 or a composition of claims 8 or 9, thereby treating the plant or soil to resist fungal infection.

11. The method of treating crop plants or soil to resist fungi as described in claim 10, wherein, The fungi are selected from the group including: *Streptococcus cacoides*, *Arbuscular mycoides*, *Microcystis* species, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Gnaphalium gracilis*, *Pseudoceros feijiensis*, *Cyclocarya feijiensis*, *Synga* species, *Gnaphalium simjaensis*, *Gnaphalium sinjaensis*, *Gnaphalium sinjaensis*, *Gnaphalium sinjaensis*, *Gnaphalium sinjaensis*, *Gnaphalium beetrum*, *Gnaphalium beetrum*, *Pseudoceros banana*, *Cyclocarya arbuscularinae*, *Cyclocarya beetrum*, *Cyclocarya pearensis* species, *Synga* species, *Synga* species, *Cyclocarya kikuchiensis*, *Cladosporium* species, *Pseudoceros candida*, *Pseudoceros mustardii*, *Cyclocarya tobaccoensis*, *Rhizoctonia solani* / *Rhizoctonia solani* / *Rhizoctonia solani* / *Rhizoctonia solani* / *Rhizoctonia solani*, * ...Cyclocarya rubra*, *Cyclocarya spp.*, *Cyclocarya spp.* *Erythromyces cerevisiae*, *Brucea purpurea*, *Erythromyces dispora*, *Erythromyces monothecae*, *Erythromyces botrytis*, *Erythromyces speckulae*, *Erythromyces blastosense* / *Erythromyces neotomatoides*, *Erythromyces beetulae* / *Erythromyces spp.*, *Erythromyces spp.*, *Erythromyces velutipes*, *Downymus spp.*, *Erythromyces spp.* / *Erythromyces spp.*, *Erythromyces blastosense*, *Erythromyces spp.*, *Erythromyces blastosense*, *Erythromyces spp.*, *Erythromyces blastosense*, *Erythromyces spp.*, *Aspergillus* species, *Sclerotium brassicola*, *Bulleye fruit rot pathogen*, *Botrytis cinerea*, *Sclerotium spp.*, *Botrytis cinerea* species / *Sclerotium spp.* / *Pomegranate spp.* / *Australasian rot pathogen of stone fruit*, *Botrytis cinerea*, *Botrytis cinerea* species, *Sclerotium spp.*, *Sclerotium spp.*, *Botrytis cinerea ... Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium species, Fusarium tumefaciens, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora species, Phytophthora palmii / Phytophthora giantii / Phytophthora capsicum, Downy mildew of cucumber, Downy mildew of grape, False downy mildew of hops, Pathogenic Phytophthora, Downy mildew of broad bean / Pytophthora species, Pathogenic Phytophthora, Parasitic downy mildew, Powdery downy mildew, Anthracnose of coffee berry, Anthracnose species, Anthracnose species, Anthracnose species of banana, Anthracnose species of apple, Anthracnose of grass, Cotton tufted scab, Anthracnose of apple, Fusarium graminearum, Anthracnose of destruction, Prunus pedunculata, Plasmodium scabra, Corynebacterium multiflorum, Diplostomum spp., Diplostomum spp., Catalpa stem *Aureobasidium*, *Aureobasidium* species, *Aureobasidium perforatum*, *Aureobasidium perforatum*, *Aureobasidium nigra*, *Neocorhizosporus beetroot*, *Sclerotium sclerotiorum* / *Hymenium sclerotium*, *Sclerotium rotundum*, *Aureobasidium maize*, *Heterosporium*, *Sterosporium charcoalense*, *Alternaria* species / *Alternaria cucumeris*, *Alternaria alternifolia*, *Alternaria onion*, *Alternaria maculata*, *Alternaria* species, *Alternaria alternifolia*, *Sterosporium uteri*, *Heterosporium canescens*, *Aureobasidium aucubinum*, *Aureobasidium pearense*, *Aureobasidium foetida*, *Camponotus coffeeensis*, *Laminaria japonica*, *Laminaria strychnifolia*, *Laminaria pubescens*, *Laminaria caesarea*, *Laminaria caesarea*, *Laminaria caesarea*, *Laminaria cryptica*, *Laminaria strychnifolia*, *Laminaria strychnifolia*, *Aureobasidium beetii*, *Laminaria strychnifolia*, *Aureobasidium ... species, *Aureobasidium* species / *Aureobasidium malformatum*, *Ustilago esculenta*Sugarcane smut fungus, *Cyclocarya paliurus*, *Streptococcus sclerotiorum*, and *Streptococcus caeruleus*, the causal agent of cocoa pod rot.

12. The method of treating crop plants or soil to resist fungi as described in claim 10, wherein, The crop plants are selected from the group consisting of: cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, sorghum and related crops); sugar beets (sugar beets and forage beets); berries (apples, pears), stone fruits and soft fruits (plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries); legumes (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oilseed plants (rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil plants, cocoa beans, peanuts); and cucurbitaceous plants (zucchini, cucumbers). Cantaloupe); fiber plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers); Lauraceae (avocados, cinnamon, camphor); or plants such as corn, tobacco, nuts, coffee, sugarcane, tea, vines, hops, bananas and natural rubber plants, as well as ornamental plants (flowering plants, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, and evergreen plants such as conifers).

13. A method for enhancing plant development, the method comprising applying an effective amount of any mixture of claims 1-7 or any composition of claims 8 or 9 to the plant, the site of the plant and / or the propagation material of the plant, so as to thereby enhance plant development and greening effect.

14. A method for regulating plant growth, the method comprising applying an effective amount of any mixture of claims 1-7 or a composition of claims 8 or 9 to the plant, the site of the plant and / or the propagation material of the plant, so as to thereby increase plant growth and crop yield.

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