Determining energy performance of a portion of a wireless communication network

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a network entity for a wireless communication network, the network entity comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the network entity to: receive, from an analytics consumer, a first request message comprising a first request for an energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receive, from the wireless communication network, data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; analyze the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; and transmit, to the analytics consumer, a report message comprising the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The topics disclosed in this document generally relate to the field of determining the energy performance of portions of wireless communication networks. This document defines a network entity for wireless communication networks and an analytical consumer for wireless communication networks, as well as methods thereof. Background Technology

[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or more network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communication for one or more user communication devices, also referred to as user equipment (UE) or other suitable terms. The wireless communication system can support wireless communication with one or more user communication devices by utilizing the resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, time slots, subframes, frames, etc.) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, etc.)). Additionally, the wireless communication system can support wireless communication across various radio access technologies, including third-generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth-generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth-generation (5G) radio access technology, and other suitable radio access technologies other than 5G (e.g., sixth-generation (6G)). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The article "a" preceding an element is unrestricted and should be understood to refer to "at least one" or "one or more" of these elements. The terms "a," "at least one," "one or more," and "at least one of one or more" are interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, the use of "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items beginning with phrases such as "at least one of..." or "one or more of..." or "one or two of...") indicates an inclusive list, such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C represents A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on." Furthermore, as used herein, including in the claims, "set" can include one or more elements.

[0004] A network entity for a wireless communication network is provided, the network entity comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured such that the network entity: receives a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receives data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzes the data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network; and sends a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0005] A processor for a wireless communication network is provided, the processor comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured such that the processor: receives a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receives data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzes the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; and sends a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

[0006] A method is provided for a network entity in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: receiving a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receiving data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzing the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; and sending a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

[0007] An analysis consumer for a wireless communication network is provided, the analysis consumer comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured such that the analysis consumer: sends a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receives a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0008] A processor for a wireless communication network (e.g., analyzing consumers) is provided, the processor comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: send a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receive a report message from the network entity, the report message including energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network.

[0009] A method for analyzing consumers in a wireless communication network is provided, the method comprising: sending a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receiving a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates an overview of the NWDAF style, which includes potential input data sources and output consumers.

[0012] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates an overview of the QoS architecture of a 5G NR network.

[0013] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a signaling diagram for determining the energy performance of a portion of a wireless communication network according to one or more embodiments.

[0014] Figure 5 An example of a user equipment (UE) 500 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 6 An example of a processor 600 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 7 An example of a network device (NE) 700 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an NE according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an analyst according to various aspects of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Currently, the analysis of energy issues focuses on network resource levels and performs: (i) root cause analysis of energy issues encountered in the Radio Access Network (RAN) or 5G Core (5GC), or (ii) recommendations for applying energy-saving states in New Radio (NR) cells and 5G Core User Plane Functions (UPF).

[0020] This disclosure focuses on deriving energy-saving and energy-efficiency analyses by considering a range of different granularities, such as User Equipment (UE), Quality of Service (QoS) flows or applications, Packet Data Unit (PDU) sessions, and network slices. Furthermore, it defines the concept of useful outputs to derive energy efficiency at different granularities for UE, QoS flows, and PDU sessions. This information can be exposed to third parties or general consumers within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN).

[0021] This disclosure defines new analytics IDs and new attributes for requesting energy analytics for each UE, QoS flow, PDU session, network slice, and network function (NF). Additionally, metadata related to energy cost, energy efficiency, and supplemental energy cost is defined for reporting.

[0022] Regarding energy consumption, this disclosure: (i) estimates the load patterns of (multiple) UEs or QoS flows or PDU sessions or network slices or NFs; (ii) correlates the estimated load patterns with the central processing unit (CPU) required for each radio access network (RAN) and fifth-generation core (5GC) node; and (iii) estimates the percentage of network resources required. Regarding energy efficiency, it defines the concept of useful outputs via: (i) application function (AF) feedback; (ii) performance analysis; (iii) a combination of performance measurements; and (iv) the percentage of QoS flows or PDU sessions with the desired performance. This disclosure also supplements the concept of energy cost by defining the additional network resources required to support the desired performance.

[0023] Currently, Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) defines the energy cost per RAN and 5GC node, but lacks a concept of energy cost per UE, QoS flow, PDU session, and slice. Furthermore, it defines the energy efficiency per slice, not per UE, QoS flow, or PDU session, and the definition of useful output is only specified if the slice leaves room for other granularities. It also does not consider the quantification of supplementary resources required to support the expected performance associated with UEs, QoS flows, PDU sessions, and slices.

[0024] Various aspects of this disclosure are described in the context of wireless communication systems.

[0025] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more NEs 102, one or more UEs 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an advanced LTE (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be an NR network, such as a 5G network, an advanced 5G (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultra-wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of 4G and 5G networks, or other suitable radio access technologies, including IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies other than 5G, such as 6G. In addition, the wireless communication system 100 can support technologies such as time division multiplexing (TDMA), frequency division multiplexing (FDMA), or code division multiplexing (CDMA).

[0026] One or more NEs 102 may be distributed throughout a geographic area to form a wireless communication system 100. The one or more NEs 102 described herein may be, include, or may be referred to as a network node, base station, network element, network function, network entity, radio access network (RAN), NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terms. NEs 102 and UEs 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, NEs 102 and UEs 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, send signaling) via a Uu interface.

[0027] NE 102 can provide a geographic coverage area for which it can support services for one or more UE 104s within that geographic coverage area. For example, NE 102 and UE 104 can support wireless communication of signals associated with services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc.) based on one or more radio access technologies. In some implementations, NE 102 can be mobile, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies can overlap, but different geographic coverage areas can be associated with different NE 102s.

[0028] One or more UEs 104 may be distributed throughout the geographic area of ​​the wireless communication system 100. UE 104 may include or be referred to as a remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, remote device, subscriber device, transmitter device, receiver device, or some other suitable term. In some implementations, UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, etc. Additionally or alternatively, UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc.

[0029] UE 104 may be able to support direct wireless communication with other UE 104s via a communication link. For example, UE 104 may support direct wireless communication with another UE 104 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, UE 104 may support direct wireless communication with another UE 104 via a PC5 interface.

[0030] NE 102 can support communication with CN 106 or with another NE 102, or both. For example, NE 102 can interface with other NE 102 or CN 106 via one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N2, or network interfaces). In some implementations, NE 102 can communicate directly with each other. In some other implementations, NE 102 can communicate indirectly with each other (e.g., via CN 106). In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include sub-components, such as access network entities, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). The ANC can communicate with one or more UE 104s via one or more other access network transport entities (which may be referred to as radio headends, smart radio headends, or transmit-receive points (TRPs)).

[0031] CN 106 can support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. CN 106 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include control plane entities that manage access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and user plane entities that route or interconnect packets to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entities may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signaling bearers, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 served by one or more NEs 102 associated with CN 106.

[0032] CN 106 can communicate with a packet data network via one or more backhaul links (e.g., via S1, N2, N2, or another network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 can communicate with the application server. UE 104 can establish a session with CN 106 via NE 102 (e.g., a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, etc.). CN 106 can use the established session (e.g., an established PDU session) to route services (e.g., control information, data, etc.) between UE 104 and the application server. The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between UE 104 and CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of CN 106).

[0033] In the wireless communication system 100, UE 102 and UE 104 can use the resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, time slots, subframes, frames, etc.) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication). In some implementations, UE 102 and UE 104 can support different resource structures. For example, UE 102 and UE 104 can support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, UE 102 and UE 104 can support a single-frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and other suitable radio access technologies, UE 102 and UE 104 can support various frame structures (i.e., multi-frame structures). UE 102 and UE 104 can support various frame structures based on one or more digital technologies.

[0034] One or more digital technologies may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and the digital technologies may include subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix. The first digital technology (e.g., μ=0) can be associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first digital technique (e.g., ...) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) is... μ =0) can utilize one time slot per subframe. Second digital technologies (e.g., μ =1) can be associated with the second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. The third digital technology (e.g., μ =2) can be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth digital technology (e.g., μ =3) can be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth digital technology (e.g., μ =4) can be associated with the fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and the normal cyclic prefix.

[0035] The time intervals of resources (e.g., communication resources) can be organized according to frames (also called radio frames). Each frame can have a duration, for example, 10 milliseconds (ms). In some implementations, each frame can include multiple subframes. For example, each frame can include 10 subframes, and each subframe can have a duration, for example, 1 ms. In some implementations, each frame can have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame can have the same duration.

[0036] Alternatively or concurrently, the time intervals of resources (e.g., communication resources) can be organized according to time slots. For example, a subframe may include a certain number (e.g., quantity) of time slots. The number of time slots in each subframe may also depend on one or more digital technologies supported in the wireless communication system 100. For example, a first digital technology, a second digital technology, a third digital technology, a fourth digital technology, and a fifth digital technology (i.e., ...) associated with corresponding subcarrier intervals of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz. μ =0、 μ =1、 μ =2、 μ =3、 μ=4) One time slot per subframe, two time slots per subframe, four time slots per subframe, eight time slots per subframe, and 16 time slots per subframe can be used, respectively. Each time slot can include a certain number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of time slots in a subframe can depend on the digital technology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a time slot can include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., for a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a time slot can include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per subframe, and the number of time slots per frame for both normal and extended cyclic prefixes can depend on the digital technology. It should be understood that for the first digital technology (e.g., quantity) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz), μ The reference of =0 can be used interchangeably between subframes and time slots.

[0037] In the wireless communication system 100, the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum can be divided into various categories, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can support one or more operating frequency bands, such as frequency range names FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, UE 102 and UE 104 can perform wireless communication on one or more operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 can be used by UE 102 and UE 104, as well as other devices or apparatuses, for cellular communication services (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 can be used by UE 102 and UE 104, as well as other devices or apparatuses, for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0038] FR1 can be associated with one or more digital technologies (e.g., at least three digital technologies). For example, FR1 can be associated with the following: a first digital technology (e.g., μ =0), which includes a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; second digital technology (e.g., μ =1), which includes a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; third digital technology (e.g., μ =2), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. FR2 can be associated with one or more digital technologies (e.g., at least two digital technologies). For example, FR2 can be associated with a third digital technology (e.g., μ=2), which includes a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; fourth digital technology (e.g., μ =3), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz.

[0039] Network analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) are deployed in the 5G core network via the introduction of Network Data Analytics Functions (NWDAF). NWDAF can support various analytics types, which can be distinguished using different analytics IDs, such as “UE Mobility,” “NF Load,” etc., as described in TS 23.288 V18.3.0 (September 2023) entitled “Architectural Enhancements for 5G Systems (5GS) to Support Network Data Analytics Services.” Each NWDAF can support one or more analytics IDs and can have the following functions: (i) AI / ML inference called the NWDAF Analytics Logic Function (AnLF), or (ii) AI / ML training called the NWDAF Model Training Logic Function (MTLF), or (iii) both.

[0040] Figure 2 The illustration provides an overview of NWDAF styles, including potential input data sources and output consumers, generally indicated by reference numeral 200. Various NWDAF deployment styles and their corresponding input data sources and potential consumers for analytical outputs are explained. Optionally, the first DCCF 212 receives input from 5G core network functions 202, application functions 204, and untrusted application functions 204 via network exposure function 206, 5G core repository 208, and OAM data 210. The 5G core repository 208 may include network repository functions (NRF), binding support functions (BSF), analytical data repository functions (ADRF), unified data management (UDM), and / or unified data repository (UDR). OAM 210 may include management service (MnS) producers or management functions (MF) that provide performance measurements, key performance indicators, configuration management, and alarm information. Optionally, the first DCCF 212 may provide data to NWDAF AnLF / MTLF 214, NWDAF AnLF 216, and NWDAF MTLF 218.

[0041] AnLF / MTLF 214 containing NWDAF, AnLF 216 containing NWDAF, and MTLF 218 containing NWDAF can pass data (i.e., analysis results) to the second DCCF 222. The second DCCF 222 can also provide (i.e., distribute) such data to 5G core network function 224, application function 228, and untrusted application function 228 via network exposure function 226, 5G core repository 230, and OAM data 232. 5G core repository 230 may include analytics data repository function (ADRF), unified data management (UDM), and / or unified data repository (UDR). OAM 232 may include managed service (MnS) consumers or management functions (MF).

[0042] In operation, NWDAF relies on various data input sources, including data from 5G Core NF 202, AF 204, 5G Core Repository 208, and OAM data 210. NWDAF can then provide analytical outputs to the 5G Core NF, AF, and OAM. Optionally, DCCF and MFAF can participate in distributing or collecting duplicate data from various data sources.

[0043] Currently, the energy efficiency analysis provided by OAM using Management Data Analysis (MDA) in Clause 8.4.4 of 3GPP TS 28.104 v18.0.0 (June 2023), entitled "Management and Orchestration; Management Data Analysis (MDA)," focuses on: • Energy efficiency NF issues related to excessive energy consumption in specific NFs. • Energy-saving recommendations related to the following items ○ NR cell, which indicates which cells should enter energy-saving mode and, taking into account time (i.e., the time interval of the activity), which neighboring cells should take over the service. ○ 5G core UPF, which instructs UPF to enter power-saving mode and other UPFs to take over the service taking into account time (i.e., the time interval of the activity). • Service load statistics for each cell and energy saving ratio for each cell, i.e., the percentage of cells in energy-saving mode within each time window.

[0044] These types of analyses focus on the network resource level and perform one of the following: root cause analysis of energy issues encountered in the RAN or 5G core; or recommendations for applying energy-saving states in NR cells and 5G core UPFs.

[0045] Given this type of energy-saving analysis, it is difficult to derive the energy cost for each UE, or QoS stream, application, or PDU connection. In other words, there is no concept of energy-saving analysis for individual sessions or session types that can be exposed to consumers.

[0046] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates an overview of the 5G NR network QoS architecture, generally indicated by reference numeral 300. Architecture 300 includes user equipment 305, NodeB (NB) 306 (e.g., generic NodeB (gNB)), and user plane functions 325.

[0047] PDU session 360 provides connectivity from UE 305 to UPF 325 via NB 306. UE 305 can handle multiple PDU sessions 360 to connect to different external networks or endpoints.

[0048] Each PDU session 360 can support one or more QoS streams (e.g., QoS stream 1 364, QoS stream 2 365, QoS stream 3 366), and furthermore, each QoS stream 364, 365, 366 can allow multiple data streams that require the same QoS processing, as described in TS 23.501 V18.3.0 (September 2023) entitled "System Architecture of 5G System (5GS)". Figure 3 The diagram illustrates an overview of the 5G NR network QoS architecture in TS 38.300 V17.6.0 (September 2023), titled "Overall Description of NR and NG-RAN". Figure 3 The relationship between QoS flows 364, 365, and 366 and PDU session 360 is shown.

[0049] Section 6.7 of TS 28.554 V18.3.1 (September 2023), titled "5G End-to-End Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)," specifies energy efficiency as follows: •RAN: The ratio of data volume to energy consumption. • 5GC: The ratio of “useful output in 5GC”, which can be defined by dividing the specific 5G NF under consideration by the energy consumption.

[0050] Section 6.7.2 of TS 28.554 V18.3.1 defines energy efficiency in the context of network slicing as the ratio of the network slice's performance to its energy consumption. Depending on the type of network slice, different performance concepts exist. Specifically, for: • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) Slicing: Performance is the sum of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) data volumes at (multiple) N3 interfaces of a network slice divided by the energy consumption of the network slice. • Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) Slicing: There are two performance concepts. One concept only considers latency when the amount of data to be transmitted is negligible. The other concept combines both factors: latency and data volume. The performance is defined as follows: - The reciprocal of the average end-to-end user plane latency of a network slice. - Based on the sum of UL and DL traffic at (multiple) N3 or N9 interfaces multiplied by the reciprocal of the end-to-end user plane latency of the network slice, each single-network slice selection auxiliary information (S-NSSAI). • Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) Slicing: Performance is the maximum number of subscribers registered to a network slice.

[0051] Currently, there is no concept of energy efficiency for each UE, QoS stream, application, PDU connection, or NF, because there is an unresolved issue regarding the definition of useful output in 5GC for each granularity of difference.

[0052] The solution described in this paper involves a novel analytics service with a new analytics ID that focuses on energy performance (e.g., statistical or expected energy cost or energy efficiency) at different types of granularity (e.g., granularity could be a part of a wireless communication network). Granularity (or a part of a wireless communication network) can include one or more of the following: 1. Device or UE; 2. A session, comprising each of: (i) a data stream (e.g., an application), (ii) a Quality of Service (QoS) stream, and (iii) a Packet Data Unit (PDU); 3. Networks, including: (i) network slices and (ii) NFs.

[0053] In some examples, energy performance (e.g., energy cost and / or energy efficiency) is focused only on the user plane, without considering the energy impact of the corresponding services in the call control plane that are responsible for establishing and controlling the user plane.

[0054] In some examples, energy-related statistics or predictions focus on what is possible: 1. Estimate the load pattern and thus estimate the amount of data associated with that part of the wireless communication network (e.g., (multiple) UEs or QoS streams or PDU sessions or network slices or network functions), and keep records that reflect the statistical or predictive load pattern, e.g., average, associated with the corresponding granularity / part of the wireless communication network under consideration. 2. Associate the estimated data volume with the CPU required for each node, i.e., physical network functions (PNFs) and virtual network functions (VNFs), focusing on the data plane, which may include 5G core user plane functions (UPFs) and radio access network (RAN) nodes. CPU consumption can then be correlated with energy consumption, as specified in TS 28.552V18.4.0 (September 2023) entitled “5G Performance Measurements”. 3. Estimate the number of nodes or cloud resources required or involved in relation to the corresponding energy granularity considered (e.g., as a percentage).

[0055] In some examples, energy efficiency-related statistics or predictions focus on what is possible: 1. Estimate perception performance based on the following: a. Application-specific AF data or feedback; b. NWDAF focuses on service experience or DN performance analysis of applications, network slices, or UEs; c. Specific performance measurements and KPIs, including at least one of the following: i. Consider the best-efforts business model, and the amount of data within a specific time window; ii. Rate of packet loss and / or discarding for each data volume within a specific time window; iii. End-to-end latency for each specified amount of data. d. User profile, which provides the maximum bit rate, allowed services, wake-up time (if the user is involved with sensor devices), and allowed user mobility. e. The number of interruptions and their duration for each PDU session; f. Modifications to QoS flows and the direction of modification, the need for lower or higher QoS; g. The percentage of QoS flows with expected performance per PDU session divided by the total number; h. Percentage of PDU sessions with expected performance per UE compared to the total number. 2. Divide the estimated performance by the energy consumption.

[0056] Energy efficiency related to NF or network slicing can be obtained from OAM, as specified in Section 6.7.2 TS 28.554 V18.3.1 (September 2023) of the Key Performance Indicators entitled “5G End-to-End Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)”.

[0057] Energy performance can include supplemental energy consumption, which is concentrated during off-peak hours (i.e., when these additional network resources, such as General Node B (gNB) and UPF, are shut down to conserve energy), and can be estimated as follows: 1. Estimating perceived performance while maintaining energy efficiency; 2. Estimate the additional network resources required to support it, beyond the power-off network resources.

[0058] The characteristics of load patterns are useful for energy-related calculations and can be considered: • Device or UE type, such as mobile user, Internet of Things (IoT) device, mobile-only initiated connection (MICO), drone, etc. • Application characteristics, namely, UL / DL throughput, data volume, schedule, etc. • Communication patterns, i.e., communication cycles, active and inactive time periods, etc. • Network slice types that provide information related to service type, such as broadband, IoT, and URLLC. • The data network (DN) involved, i.e., DN, indicates the location of data exchange. • User profile (from User Data Manager (UDM) / User Data Repository (UDR) considering UE ID or group UE ID): includes UE location, UE mobility mode, service permissions, allowed QoS profiles, session continuity support, data network name (DNN) access, etc. • Geographic region, i.e., the tracking area (TA) or (multiple) cell identities involved.

[0059] The data, the load pattern associated with the data stream, the QoS stream, or the PDU session characteristics can be: • Determine if there is prior knowledge of the communication pattern, for example, for IoT devices that wake up at a specific time and send certain measurements. - Expected UE behavior parameters, as specified in TS 23.502 V18.3.0 (September 2023) entitled "5G System (5GS) Procedure". • Analyze by understanding the application ID: - Analysis ID="Communication Analysis", as specified in TS 23.288 V18.3.0 (September 2023) entitled "Architectural Enhancements for 5G Systems (5GS) to Support Network Data Analysis Services" (see Per Session Load). • Estimate application type according to Section 6.9 of TR23.700-81 V18.0.0 (December 2022) entitled “Enabler Study of Network Automation for 5G Systems (5GS)” – NWDAF Assisted Application Detection; - UL / DL data volume and bit rate; - Data transmission activity / inactivity periods and duration.

[0060] In some examples, the goal of the analysis may be to provide the corresponding consumers with granular / partial energy performance of the wireless communication network (e.g., energy cost and / or energy efficiency and / or supplemental energy consumption analysis).

[0061] Considering the different options for input data and output results, such as statistical and predictive methods, some examples illustrate this idea by introducing a new energy analysis ID for NWDAF. Input data could be data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0062] The same principle can also be applied to the case of Application Data Analytics Enabled Services (ADAES), where analytics are determined in the application plane.

[0063] Energy analysis can be identified by a new analysis ID.

[0064] Energy analysis can allow NWDAF to provide statistics and / or predictions about energy performance (e.g., expected energy consumption and / or energy efficiency and / or supplementary energy consumption) for a given part of a wireless communication network, such as (i) a UE or a group of UEs, (ii) (multiple) QoS flows, (iii) (multiple) PDU sessions, (iv) served in the form of (multiple) network slices, or (v) network resources such as NFs, or a combination of the above options.

[0065] The service consumer can be an application service provider (ASP), or another network function (NF), such as a policy control function (PCF), or an operation, administration and maintenance (OAM), such as a slice management entity.

[0066] Consumers can specify these analyses in their requests: • Analysis ID="Energy Analysis". The Analysis ID provides insights related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network (e.g., energy cost and energy efficiency). • Preferred energy analysis output, i.e., the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network, such as i) energy cost, ii) energy efficiency, iii) supplemental energy consumption, or any combination thereof. • The objectives of the analysis report may include at least one of the following: - A single UE (SUPI) or a group of UEs (internal group ID). - PDU sessions or PDU session groups for each UE or each group of UEs. - QoS flow for each PDU session or a set of QoS flows. - A network slice (S-NSSAI) or a set of network slices. - NF or a group of NFs, for example, in the network domain or geographical area of ​​interest. •Analyze and filter information: - Optionally, limit the geographic area of ​​interest (a list of TAs or cells). - Optionally, restrict the focus of the network slice (S-NSSAI). - Optionally, the time window of interest, which indicates the start time and stop time or the start time and duration. • Target ASP ID (MAC address or IP 3-tuple) or application ID. •Optional, the maximum number of objects. • Optionally, optimize the accuracy of the analysis or each subset of analyses. • Optionally, for slot entries, the preferred order for reporting results is either ascending or descending slot order. • Optionally, a reporting threshold, which applies only to subscriptions and indicates the level of conditions to be met for the corresponding analytics information to be notified by NWDAF: - Energy cost or energy efficiency, for example, when the indicated threshold limit is exceeded. - Energy costs or energy efficiency, for example, when exceeding the indicated threshold limits for the objectives of the analysis report, such as regarding the following: A single UE or a specific UE within a given group of UEs, A PDU session or a specific PDU session associated with a single or different UEs; QoS flow or specific QoS flow associated with a single or different UEs; Network slices (S-NSSAI) or network slice groups. • Network load over a specified geographic region or network domain of interest, such as the average value, when the network load is below or above the indicated threshold limit. • The target time period for analysis indicates the time period during which statistics / forecasts are requested. • The subscription should include the report notification ID and the target address for the notification, as well as the subscription duration for the report and the optional periodic reporting time.

[0067] The NWDAF that supports data analysis of the energy performance of wireless communication networks (such as energy consumption and / or energy efficiency and / or supplemental energy consumption) should be able to collect UE-related application information from ASP and network information from 5G core and OAM respectively.

[0068] Table 1 below illustrates the input data collected from the 5GS related to the energy performance of this portion of the wireless communication network, which is used to determine the energy performance of this portion of the wireless communication network. General information can be used for all different granularities / parts of the wireless communication network to supplement the input data shown individually for each UE, QoS flow, PDU session, and network slice / NF. Table 1: Input data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0069] Network entities can use the data types shown in Table 1 to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, data can be collected from 5GS for energy consumption.

[0070] In some examples, the input data listed in Table 1 can be used to obtain knowledge related to: (i) the (multiple) UEs involved and their locations, including potential locations (due to mobility), (ii) the RAN and 5GC network utilization associated with the involved UPF and gNB, and (iii) the energy performance information of the UPF and gMB in the region of interest.

[0071] Then, depending on the desired granularity / part of the wireless communication network, more information can be obtained, focusing on the associated data volume and communication patterns, as well as indicators of potential communication endpoints within the time window, including: • (Multiple) target UEs: i) data volume, ii) maximum data volume; • QoS flow: i) Application ID, ii) DNN location, iii) Expected behavior or QoS flow pattern or QoS flow identifier (QFI) information; • PDU session: i) PDU ID, ii) Data volume, iii) DNN location; • Network slice: i) S-NSSAI ID, ii) Load of NF within the network slice, iii) Maximum data volume per slice.

[0072] By aggregating QoS flows to PDU sessions, and aggregating PDU sessions to UE communication and network slice communication modes, it is possible to obtain communication modes that meet the needs of different granularities / parts of the wireless communication network.

[0073] In some examples, NWDAF can calculate energy costs associated with a UE or UE group, QoS flow, PDU session, or network slice by collecting one or more of the following information: • Timestamps of multiple UEs served by a combination of cell IDs or a set of cell IDs and UPF IDs; • The amount of data or bit rate used when UE, QoS stream, PDU session, and network slice are served by (multiple) cells and (multiple) UPFs; • The total data processed by the cell(s) and UPF(s) during this timestamp; • The total number of UEs served by (multiple) cells and (multiple) UPFs during the timestamp period; • Energy utilization of (multiple) cells and (multiple) UPFs during the timestamp period.

[0074] Table 2 below shows the types of data that network entities can use to determine the energy performance of this part of a wireless communication network. For example, data can be collected from 5GS for energy consumption. Table 2: Input data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0075] The energy-saving input data in Table 2 supplements the energy expenditure information in Table 1, and can further provide insights into the performance of UE, PDU sessions, QoS flows or applications, network slices and NFs.

[0076] In some examples, performance measurements may include one or more of data volume, latency, and active UEs to assess the energy efficiency of different types of network slices. This disclosure proposes using packet loss and packet dropping as a means of measuring data portions that need to be retransmitted (e.g., data sent to a point but not reaching its destination).

[0077] In some examples, energy efficiency estimates can take into account the additional energy costs of waking up network resources (e.g., NFs). Therefore, the energy status of the RAN and 5GC nodes can provide information about network resources during power outages. This also helps in calculating the supplemental energy costs during off-peak hours.

[0078] Depending on the required accuracy, data collection may be provided on a sample (e.g., a spatial subset of the UE or UE group, a temporal subset of the UE location information).

[0079] Table 2 above lists the information that can be obtained from different data sources.

[0080] One or more data types listed in Table 1 and / or Table 2 can be used to determine the energy performance of this part of the mobile network.

[0081] NWDAF can analyze one or more data types listed in Table 1 and / or Table 2 (i.e., data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network) to determine the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0082] NWDAF can output the requested energy performance of that part of the mobile network (i.e., requested in the first request message of claim 1).

[0083] For example, NWDAF can output the energy cost and / or energy efficiency and / or supplemental energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network. For example, this part of the wireless communication network may include one or more of the following: UE, QoS flow, PDU session, network slice / NF.

[0084] NWDAF can send report messages to consumers analyzing the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the report message may include analytical results, such as statistics and / or forecasts related to that portion of the wireless communication network. For statistics, the expectation window is past, while for forecasts, it involves future timeframes.

[0085] For example, Table 3 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy performance of a UE or UE group. In some examples, Table 3 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy cost of a UE or UE group. In some examples, Table 3 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy efficiency of a UE or UE group. Table 3: Statistics and forecasts related to the energy performance of UEs or UE groups.

[0086] For example, Table 4 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy performance of a PDU session. In some examples, Table 4 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy cost of a PDU session. In some examples, Table 4 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy efficiency of a PDU session. Table 4: Statistics and forecasts related to the energy performance of PDU sessions.

[0087] For example, Table 5 below describes examples of statistics or predictions related to the energy performance of QoS flows. In some examples, Table 5 below describes examples of statistics or predictions related to the energy cost of QoS flows. In some examples, Table 5 below describes examples of statistics or predictions related to the energy efficiency of QoS flows. Table 5: Statistics and predictions related to the energy performance of QoS flows.

[0088] For example, Table 6 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy performance of network slices. In some examples, Table 6 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy cost of network slices. In some examples, Table 6 below describes examples of statistics or forecasts related to the energy efficiency of network slices. Table 6: Statistics and Predictions Related to Network Slice Energy Performance

[0089] The energy cost of each Network Function (NF) or RAN node is specified in the OAM, as in Section 5.1.1.19 of TS 28.552 V18.4.0. If the OAM is a RAN node, as described in Section 6.7.1 of TS 28.554 V18.3.1, and is used for a 5GCNF, as described in Section 6.7.4 of TS 28.554 V18.3.1, then the OAM can also provide energy efficiency.

[0090] The number of path information entries is limited by the maximum number of objects provided as part of the analysis report information.

[0091] NWDAF provides consumers with energy cost or energy efficiency information analysis based on the time of consumer request during the analysis target period: • The analysis ID is set to "Energy Analysis". • Notify the target address, including analyzing the consumer's address. • Notification association ID, used to analyze which consumers associate notifications from NWDAF when the subscription applies. • Analysis-specific parameters indicating the time within the target analysis period.

[0092] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a signaling diagram of a process for determining the energy performance of a portion of a wireless communication network according to one or more embodiments, generally indicated by reference numeral 400.

[0093] Process 400 may include consumer analysis 410, first NWDAF (energy analysis) 415, network repository function (NRF) 420, second NWDAF 416, session management function (SMF) / user plane function (UPF) 425, access and mobility function (AMF) 430, application function (435), and operation, management and maintenance (OAM) / management data analysis function (MDAF) 440.

[0094] The process begins at step 471, where the analysis consumer 410 may be pre-configured with an appropriate first NWDAF (analysis ID = Energy Analysis) 415, or the first NWDAF 415 may be discovered via NRF 420. The analysis consumer 410 may send a first request message to the first NWDAF 415, which includes a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the analysis consumer 410 may subscribe to the first NWDAF 415, for example, by sending an nwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe message to the first NWDAF 415. In some examples, the analysis consumer 410 may make an on-demand request to the first NWDAF 415, for example, by sending an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request (analysis ID = Energy Analysis, Analysis Target, Filtering Information, etc.) message to the selected first NWDAF 415. The subscription or on-demand request may be the first request message, which includes a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network.

[0095] In step 472, the first NWDAF 415 may receive data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, after receiving a subscription or request for energy analysis from the analysis consumer 410, the first NWDAF 415 may collect the required input data (if it has not yet been collected). The input data may be data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0096] In step 472a, the first NWDAF 415 discovers (e.g., via the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request service through NRF 420) an NF from which the first NWDAF 415 needs to collect data. The first NWDAF 415 can provide the area in which the involved UE resides, or provide the indicated geographic area of ​​interest.

[0097] In step 472b, NRF 420 responds, for example, using the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request response service that provides the corresponding NF.

[0098] In step 473a, the first NWDAF 415 requests or subscribes to the second NWDAF 416 to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from the second NWDAF 416. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send a request message (e.g., using Analysis ID=UE Communication, or Analysis ID=UI Mobility, Analysis ID=Network Performance, Analysis ID=DN Performance, or Analysis ID=NF Load) to receive data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network; for example, the data may include mobility analysis related to the UE involved, and network performance or DN analysis or NF load analysis in the area where the UE is camped or in an area explicitly indicated by the geographic region of interest. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request service message or an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe service message to the second NWDAF 416.

[0099] In step 473b, the first NWDAF 415 receives a response message from the second NWDAF 416 that includes data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may receive the requested analysis from the second NWDAF 416 in either an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request response message or an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify message.

[0100] In some examples, NL load measurements can be obtained from the NRF 420.

[0101] In step 474a, the first NWDAF 415 subscribes to the SMF and / or UPF 425 to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from the SMF / UPF 425. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send an Nsmf_EventExposure_Subscribe message and / or a Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service message to the SMF / UPF 425 to obtain UE, PDU session, or QoS flow information.

[0102] In step 474b, the first NWDAF 415 receives a response message from the SMF / UPF 425 that includes data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. For example, UE, PDU session, and QoS flow information received from the SMF and / or UPF may be provided to the first NWDAF 415 in an Nsmf_EventExposure_Notify message and / or a Nupf_EventExposure_Notify message from the SMF / UPF 425.

[0103] In step 475a, the first NWDAF 415 subscribes to the AMF 430 to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from the AMF 430. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send a Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe service message to the AMF 430 to obtain the location of the involved UE or gNB information providing services to the indicated UE.

[0104] In step 475b, the first NWDAF 415 receives a response message from the AMF 430 that includes data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the AMF 430 may send a Namf_EventExposure_Notify message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0105] In some examples, UE location information may also be obtained, or alternatively, from the Location Management Function (LMF) (not shown).

[0106] In step 476a, the first NWDAF 415 subscribes to AF 435 to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from AF 435. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send a Naf_EventExposure_Subscribe service message to AF 435 to obtain expected UE behavior (if possible) and / or other application-related data.

[0107] In step 476b, the first NWDAF 415 receives a response message from AF 435 that includes data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. For example, AF 435 may send a Naf_EventExposure_Notify service message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0108] In some examples, if AF 435 is untrusted, the first NWDAF 415 can subscribe to notifications about data collected from AF 435 via NEF (not shown).

[0109] In step 477, the first NWDAF 415 requests or subscribes to the OAM 440 service related to configuration management (CM) in order to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from the OAM 440. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may request or subscribe to the CM-related OAM 440 service to obtain, for example, energy-saving status (e.g., power outage or "sleep") and / or maintenance status and / or fault status related to network equipment (e.g., UPF425). Additionally, the OAM 440 may provide network performance measurements related to radio resource utilization, energy consumption measurements, and energy efficiency KPIs, as well as packet drop and packet loss measurements for both RAN and 5GC.

[0110] Furthermore, in step 477, the first NWDAF 415 may also request or subscribe to MDA 440 to receive data related to the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network from MDA 440. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may request or subscribe to MDA 440 to receive auxiliary energy-saving analysis; for example, as described in Clause 6.2.14 of TS 23.288 V18.3.0, it may use (MDA type = MDAAssistedEnergySaving.EnergySavingAnalysis) to receive recommendations related to network devices that may potentially enter an energy-saving state (i.e., power-off).

[0111] In some examples, in order to identify the network device that will request CM power saving status, the first NWDAF 415 may rely on the area in which the involved UE resides or the indicated geographical area of ​​interest.

[0112] In step 478, the first NWDAF 415 analyzes data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the first NWDAF 415 (analysis ID=energy analysis) derives the requested analysis.

[0113] In step 479, the first NWDAF 415 sends a report message to the analytics consumer 410, which includes the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the first NWDAF 415 may send an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request response message or an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify message to the analytics consumer 410, which contains statistics and / or predictions (energy analysis, subscription-related IDs, etc.).

[0114] In some examples, the wireless communication network may notify the first NWDAF 415 of any updates or changes to data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, changes related to UE mobility or network or DN performance, or changes related to UE location reported by AMF 430, or changes related to application characteristics reported by AF 435 or CM and MDA 440 reported by OAM 440, may trigger the sending of an updated notification to the first NWDAF 415, provided that the first NWDAF 415 subscribes to receive updates after a new report is prepared.

[0115] For example, in step 480, the second NWDAF 416 may send a first notification message to the first NWDAF 415. For example, the second NWDAF 416 may send an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0116] For example, in step 481, the SMF / UPF 425 may send a second notification message to the first NWDAF 415. For example, the SMF / UPF 425 may send an Nsmf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify / Nupf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0117] For example, in step 482, AMF 430 may send a third notification message to the first NWDAF 415. For example, AMF 430 may send a Namf_EventExposure_Notify message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0118] For example, in step 483, AF 435 may send a fourth notification message to the first NWDAF 415. For example, AF 435 may send a Naf_EventExposure_Notify message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0119] For example, in step 484, OAM / MDAF 440 may send a fifth notification message to the first NWDAF 415. For example, OAM / MDAF 440 may send a notification of OAM data collection or an MDA analysis result message to the first NWDAF 415.

[0120] In step 485, upon receiving any of the aforementioned notification messages, the first NWDAF 415 can analyze updated or modified data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the updated energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, the first NWDAF 415 (energy analysis) can derive a new analysis, taking into account recently collected data.

[0121] In step 486, the first NWDAF 415 sends a second report message to the analytics consumer 410, including the updated energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. For example, once the analytics reporting period is reached or the reporting threshold is exceeded, the first NWDAF 415 (energy analytics) provides a notification to the analytics consumer 410 using the Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify (energy analytics, subscription related ID, etc.) message.

[0122] A method is provided for a network entity in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: receiving a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receiving data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzing the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; and sending a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

[0123] This method enables the analysis of how consumers can request network entities to provide a portion of the energy performance of the wireless communication network.

[0124] Network entities can be analytical functions. Network entities can be network data analysis functions (NWDAF). Network entities can be analytical producer network entities.

[0125] A wireless communication network may include one or more of the following: User Equipment (UE), core network, and Radio Access Network (RAN). A wireless communication network may also include one or more of the following: Session Management Function (SMF); User Plane Function (UPF); NWDAF; Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF); Operation, Management, and Maintenance (OAM) functions; Application Function (AF); Network Exposure Function (NEF); Management Data Analysis (MDA) functions; Model Training Logic Function (MTLF); Network Repository Function (NRF); General Node B (gNB); Analysis Logic Function (ANLF); Policy Control Function (PCF); Physical Network Function (PNF); User Data Manager (UDM); and Virtual Network Function (VNF). The wireless communication network may be a 5G wireless communication network.

[0126] The consumer being analyzed can be an application service provider. The consumer being analyzed can be a third party. The consumer being analyzed can be a network function. The consumer being analyzed can be a policy control function (PCF). The consumer being analyzed can be an operation, management, and maintenance (OAM) function.

[0127] Analyzer consumers can be pre-configured with network entities. Analyzer consumers can discover network entities. Analyzer consumers can discover network entities through the Network Function Repository (NRF) function.

[0128] The first request message can be a subscription to a network entity. The first request message can also be an on-demand request to a network entity. The request message can include an analytics ID. The analytics ID can correspond to a request for energy performance specifications for a portion of the wireless communication network.

[0129] This part of a wireless communication network can be at the granularity of the wireless communication network.

[0130] Receiving data related to the energy performance of a portion of a wireless communication network from a wireless communication network may include: collecting data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network.

[0131] Analyzing data related to the energy performance of a portion of a wireless communication network to determine that portion of the network may include: collecting data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine that portion of the network's energy performance.

[0132] In response to a second request message sent to the wireless communication network, data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network can be sent to a network entity. The second request message can be sent to the wireless communication network by a network entity. The second request message can be sent to the wireless communication network by different entities. The second request message can include a request for data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. The second request message can be sent to one or more entities within the wireless communication network.

[0133] Data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be related to the communication of this part of the wireless communication network within the wireless communication network.

[0134] The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy efficiency of this part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy cost of this part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the supplementary energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network. The supplementary energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy consumption corresponding to the use of supplementary network resources (e.g., gNB or UPF) during off-peak times (e.g., when supplementary network resources are off to save energy).

[0135] The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include statistical analysis of the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can also include prediction of the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0136] The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include performance information of that part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy expenditure of that part of the wireless communication network. The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can include the energy efficiency of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0137] The energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network may include the supplemental energy expenditure of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0138] Replenishment of energy expenditure can include replenishment of energy consumption.

[0139] This part of the wireless communication network can be a granularity of the wireless communication network. This part of the wireless communication network can be one or more User Equipment (UE). This part of the wireless communication network can be one or more Quality of Service (QoS) flows. This part of the wireless communication network can be one or more Packet Data Unit (PDU) sessions. This part of the wireless communication network can be one or more network slices. This part of the wireless communication network can be one or more network functions.

[0140] Optionally, this part of the wireless communication network includes one or more of the following communications: one or more user equipments; one or more packet data unit (PDU) sessions; one or more quality of service (QoS) streams; one or more network slices; or one or more network functions.

[0141] Optionally, the user equipment can be a remote unit. Optionally, the user equipment can be a user device. Optionally, the user equipment can be a mobile device.

[0142] Optionally, one or more QoS flows can be QoS flows or QoS flow groups for each Packet Data Unit (PDU) session.

[0143] Optionally, one or more network functions may be located within a network domain. Alternatively, one or more network functions may be located within a geographic area of ​​interest.

[0144] Optionally, the first request message may also include an indication for limiting that portion of the wireless communication network to one or more of the following: a geographical area; a network slice; or a time window of interest.

[0145] Optionally, a geographic region can be one or more tracking areas (TAs). A geographic region can be one or more cells. A geographic region can be a set of coordinates in geographic order.

[0146] Optionally, the first request message may also include a second request to report whether that portion of the wireless communication network exceeds an energy performance threshold and / or a load threshold.

[0147] Optionally, the energy performance threshold can be a maximum energy performance threshold. Optionally, the energy performance threshold can be a minimum energy performance threshold.

[0148] Optionally, the energy performance threshold can be the energy performance threshold of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0149] Optionally, the load threshold can be a maximum load threshold. The load threshold can also be a minimum load threshold.

[0150] Optionally, the load threshold can be a load threshold for that part of the wireless communication network.

[0151] Optionally, determining the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network includes determining one or more of the following: energy consumption, energy cost, energy efficiency, or supplemental energy consumption.

[0152] Optionally, determining the energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network includes: determining the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network based on data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0153] Optionally, the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be determined based on user data within the data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be determined based on user communication behavior within the data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be determined based on application information within the data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be determined based on session connection and / or session modification information within the data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network can be determined based on network performance information within the data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0154] Optionally, determining the energy consumption of this part of the wireless communication network also includes determining the energy expenditure of one or more network nodes involved in processing communications concerning this part of the wireless communication network based on the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0155] Alternatively, energy expenditure can be the total energy expenditure for all processing services at each network node.

[0156] Optionally, determining the energy consumption for processing communications with respect to that part of the wireless communication network further includes calculating the energy consumption based on the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network, and the energy expenditure of one or more network nodes involved in processing communications with respect to that part of the wireless communication network.

[0157] Optionally, determining the energy efficiency of the part of the wireless communication network for processing communication includes: determining the useful output of the user plane of the part of the wireless communication network based on data related to the energy performance of the part of the wireless communication network; and calculating the energy efficiency based on the energy consumption of the part of the wireless communication network and the useful output of the user plane of the part of the wireless communication network.

[0158] Optionally, the useful output of this part of the user plane of the wireless communication network may depend on the objectives set by the application. For example, for a PDU session, the characteristics of the useful output may be the number of applications supported as needed (based on application-specific evaluation criteria), or the SLA based on the total number of applications on that PDU session.

[0159] Optionally, the useful output can be determined based on application information data in the data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the useful output can be determined based on service performance data in the data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network; optionally, the useful output can be determined based on service experience analysis in the data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network; optionally, the useful output can be determined based on performance measurement data in the data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, performance measurement can include data volume. Optionally, performance measurement can include latency. Optionally, performance measurement can include packet loss and drop. Optionally, performance measurement can include the number of active user equipment. Optionally, performance measurement can include one or more of data volume, latency, packet loss and drop, or the number of active UEs. Optionally, the useful output can be determined based on the percentage of QoS flows with desired performance in that part of the wireless communication network (e.g., PDU sessions). Optionally, the useful output can be determined based on the percentage of PDU sessions with desired performance in that part of the wireless communication network (e.g., UEs).

[0160] Optionally, determining the supplementary energy consumption for processing communications in this part of the wireless communication network includes: determining the service mode of this part of the wireless communication network based on data related to the energy performance of this part of the wireless communication network.

[0161] Optionally, the service model can be determined based on user data from the energy performance data related to that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the service model can be determined based on user communication behavior from the energy performance data related to that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the service model can be determined based on application information from the energy performance data related to that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the service model can be determined based on session connection and / or session modification information from the energy performance data related to that part of the wireless communication network. Optionally, the service model can be determined based on network performance information from the energy performance data related to that part of the wireless communication network.

[0162] Optionally, determining the additional energy consumption for processing communications in this part of the wireless communication network includes: determining, based on the service mode of this part of the wireless communication network, one or more network nodes that need to leave the energy-saving state to support this part of the wireless communication network.

[0163] Optionally, a second request message is sent to the wireless communication network for data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0164] Optionally, the second request message can be used to collect data related to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0165] A network entity for a wireless communication network is provided, the network entity comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured such that the network entity: receives a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receives data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzes the data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network; and sends a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0166] Such network entities can provide consumers with information related to the energy performance of parts of the wireless communication network.

[0167] The network entity of claim 1, wherein the portion of the wireless communication network includes one or more of the following communications: one or more user equipments; one or more packet data unit (PDU) sessions; one or more quality of service (QoS) streams; one or more network slices; or one or more network functions.

[0168] Optionally, the first request message may also include an indication for limiting that portion of the wireless communication network to one or more of the following: a geographical area; a network slice; or a time window of interest.

[0169] Optionally, the first request message may also include a request to report whether that portion of the wireless communication network exceeds an energy performance threshold and / or a load threshold.

[0170] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to determine one or more of the portion of energy consumption, energy cost, energy efficiency, or supplementary energy consumption.

[0171] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to determine the amount or bit rate of data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network based on data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0172] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to determine the energy expenditure of one or more network nodes involved in processing communications concerning that part of the wireless communication network, based on the amount or bit rate of data relating to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0173] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to calculate energy consumption based on the amount or bit rate of data relating to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network, and the energy expenditure of one or more network nodes involved in processing communications concerning that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0174] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to: determine the useful output of the user plane of the portion of the wireless communication network based on data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network; and calculate energy efficiency based on the energy consumption of that portion of the wireless communication network and the useful output of the user plane of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0175] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to enable the network entity to determine the service mode of that part of the wireless communication network based on data relating to the energy performance of that part of the wireless communication network.

[0176] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause a network entity to determine, based on the service mode of that part of the wireless communication network, one or more network nodes that need to leave the energy-saving state to support that part of the wireless communication network.

[0177] Optionally, at least one processor coupled to at least one memory is further configured to cause the network entity to send a second request message to the wireless communication network for data relating to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0178] A processor for a wireless communication network is provided, the processor comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured such that the processor: receives a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receives data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzes the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; and sends a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

[0179] Such processors enable network entities to provide consumers with information related to the energy performance of portions of the wireless communication network.

[0180] A method for analyzing consumers in a wireless communication network is provided, the method comprising: sending a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receiving a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0181] This method enables analysts to request information from network entities related to the energy performance of portions of the wireless communication network.

[0182] Optionally, the first request message may also include an indication for limiting that portion of the wireless communication network to one or more of the following: a geographical area; a network slice; or a time window of interest.

[0183] Optionally, the first request message may also include a second request to report whether that portion of the wireless communication network exceeds an energy performance threshold and / or a load threshold.

[0184] An analysis consumer for a wireless communication network is provided, the analysis consumer comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured such that the analysis consumer: sends a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receives a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0185] Such analysis allows consumers to request information from network entities related to the energy performance of parts of the wireless communication network.

[0186] Optionally, the first request message may also include an indication for limiting that portion of the wireless communication network to one or more of the following: a geographical area; a network slice; or a time window of interest.

[0187] Optionally, the first request message may also include a second request to report whether that portion of the wireless communication network exceeds an energy performance threshold and / or a load threshold.

[0188] A processor for a wireless communication network is provided, the processor comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: send a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receive a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0189] Such a processor enables analysts to request information from network entities related to the energy performance of portions of the wireless communication network.

[0190] This disclosure focuses on deriving analyses for energy saving and efficiency considering a range of different granularities (e.g., portions of a wireless communication network), such as UEs, QoS flows or applications, PDU sessions, and network slices. Furthermore, it defines the concept of useful outputs to derive energy efficiency at different granularities for UEs, QoS flows, and PDU sessions. This information can be exposed to third parties or general consumers within the PLMN.

[0191] Furthermore, this disclosure defines new analysis IDs and new attributes to request energy analysis for each UE, QoS flow, PDU session, network slice, and NF. It also defines metadata related to the energy performance of this portion of the wireless communication network, which may include energy costs, energy efficiency, or supplemental energy costs for reporting.

[0192] Regarding energy consumption, this disclosure: (i) estimates the load patterns of (multiple) UEs or QoS flows or PDU sessions or network slices or NFs, (ii) correlates the estimated load patterns with the CPU required for each RAN and 5GC node, and (iii) estimates the percentage of network resources required. Regarding energy efficiency, it defines the concept of useful outputs via: (i) AF feedback, (ii) performance analysis, (iii) a combination of performance measurements, and (iv) the percentage of QoS flows or PDU sessions with the desired performance. This disclosure also supplements the concept of energy cost by defining the additional network resources required to support the desired performance.

[0193] OAM defines the energy cost per RAN and 5GC node, but it currently does not define the energy cost per UE, QoS flow, PDU session, and slice. Furthermore, OAM defines the energy efficiency per slice, but it does not currently define the energy efficiency per UE, QoS flow, or PDU session. Additionally, the definition of useful output is only specified if the slice leaves room for other granularities. The quantification of supplementary resources required to support the expected performance associated with UE, QoS flow, PDU session, and slice is also not considered.

[0194] In some examples, a new analytics ID is provided in NWDAF, which may contain one or more of the following: • Energy cost analysis for each UE, QoS stream, PDU session, and network slice. • Energy efficiency analysis for each UE, QoS stream, and PDU session. • Supplementary cost analysis for each UE, QoS flow, PDU session, and network slice.

[0195] A network entity [analysis function] for wireless communication is provided, the network entity comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured such that the network entity: receives an analysis request for providing energy consumption and / or energy efficiency, the analysis request indicating the granularity of the report; collects required input data to determine energy consumption and / or energy efficiency; and sends a report message to a consumer to provide analysis related to at least one energy consumption and / or energy efficiency at the indicated granularity within an indicated time window.

[0196] Optionally, the request message includes a reporting granularity that includes at least one of the following: a single UE (SUPI) or a group of UEs (internal group ID); a PDU session or PDU session group for each UE or each group of UEs; a QoS flow or QoS flow group for each PDU session; a network slice (S-NSSAI) or a network slice group; an NF or NF group, for example, in a network domain or area of ​​interest.

[0197] Optionally, the request message includes filtering information containing at least one of the following: a list of regions of interest (TAs or cells) that restrict the focus area; a network slice (S-NSSAI) that restricts the focus; and a time window of interest that indicates the start and stop times or the start time and duration.

[0198] Optionally, the request message includes reporting threshold information for reporting when at least one of the following is exceeded in either direction: determined energy consumption or energy efficiency; determined energy consumption or energy efficiency for a single UE or a specific UE in a given group of UEs; PDU session or a specific PDU session associated with a single or different UEs; QoS flow or a specific QoS flow associated with a single or different UEs; network slice (S-NSSAI) or network slice group; average network load on the indicated area of ​​interest.

[0199] Optionally, the energy consumption analysis for each indicator granularity is determined by: considering input data associated with at least one of the following to calculate the data volume or bit rate for each of the above indicator granularities over a specified duration: user data and / or user communication behavior; application information; session connection and modification information; network performance information; identifying the network nodes involved in establishing communication for each of the above indicator granularities over the duration; obtaining energy expenditure information associated with the network nodes involved [this is the total energy expenditure of all processing services for each network node]; and correlating the data volume for each of the above indicator granularities with the computing resources consumed in each network node and the energy consumption corresponding to the computing energy consumed.

[0200] Optionally, the energy efficiency analysis for each indication granularity is determined by considering at least one of the following inputs to determine the useful output: application information; service performance and / or service experience analysis; performance measurement combination [data volume, latency, packet loss and drop, number of active UEs]; percentage of QoS flows with expected performance at the PDU session granularity; percentage of PDU sessions with expected performance at the UE granularity; and dividing the above useful output by the determined energy consumption.

[0201] Optionally, supplemental energy consumption analysis for each indicator granularity is determined by: considering input data associated with at least one of the following to calculate the service pattern for each of the above indicator granularities: user data and / or user communication behavior; application information; session connection information; network performance information; and identifying additional network nodes that need to leave the energy-saving state to support communication for each of the above granularities with the desired performance.

[0202] Optionally, the analytical statistics and / or predictions for each indicator granularity are determined and include at least one of the following: performance information for each of the aforementioned indicator granularities; energy expenditure information for each of the aforementioned indicator granularities; energy efficiency information for each of the aforementioned indicator granularities; supplementary energy expenditure information for each of the aforementioned indicator granularities; and confidence level.

[0203] Figure 5 An example of a UE 500 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. UE 500 may include a processor 502, a memory 504, a controller 506, and a transceiver 508. The processor 502, memory 504, controller 506, or transceiver 508, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of this disclosure described herein. These components may be coupled via one or more interfaces (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground).

[0204] Processor 502, memory 504, controller 506 or transceiver 508, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (e.g., a circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof, configured or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[0205] Processor 502 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, processor 502 may be configured to operate memory 504. In other implementations, memory 504 may be integrated into processor 502. Processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 504 to cause UE 500 to perform various functions of this disclosure.

[0206] Memory 504 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. Memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 502, cause UE 500 to perform the various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as memory 504 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media include both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0207] In some implementations, processor 502 and memory 504 coupled to processor 502 may be configured such that UE 500 performs one or more functions described herein (e.g., processor 502 executes instructions stored in memory 504). For example, according to the examples disclosed herein, processor 502 may support wireless communication at UE 500. UE 500 may be configured to support components for: sending a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receiving a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0208] Controller 506 can manage input and output signals for UE 500. Controller 506 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into UE 500. In some implementations, controller 506 can utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, controller 506 can be implemented as part of processor 502.

[0209] In some implementations, UE 500 may include at least one transceiver 508. In other implementations, UE 500 may have more than one transceiver 508. Transceiver 508 may represent a wireless transceiver. Transceiver 508 may include one or more receiver chains 510, one or more transmitter chains 512, or a combination thereof.

[0210] Receiver chain 510 can be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) via a wireless medium. For example, receiver chain 510 may include one or more antennas for receiving signals over the air or via a wireless medium. Receiver chain 510 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. Receiver chain 510 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the received signal and acquire transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during signal transmission. Receiver chain 510 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive transmitted data.

[0211] Transmitter chain 512 can be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). Transmitter chain 512 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal to prepare the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes such as phase shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Transmitter chain 512 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over a wireless medium. Transmitter chain 512 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0212] Figure 6 An example of a processor 600 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. Processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations according to the examples described herein. Processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations according to the examples described herein. Processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally or alternatively, processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operative ground, communicative ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0213] Processor 600 may be a processor chipset and includes a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, retrieve, send, output, forward, store, determine, identify, access, write, read) according to the examples described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to the processor chipset or included in the processor chipset (e.g., processor 600)) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase-change memory (PCM), etc.).

[0214] Controller 602 can be configured to manage and coordinate various operations of processor 600 (e.g., signaling, receiving, acquiring, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, and reading) to enable processor 600 to support various operations of the UE according to the examples described herein. For example, controller 602 can operate as a control unit of processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory accesses, and coordinating operation timing.

[0215] Controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., fetch, retrieve, receive) instructions from memory 604 and determine subsequent instructions(s) to be executed, enabling processor 600 to support various operations according to the examples described herein. Controller 602 may be configured to track the memory addresses of instructions associated with memory 604. Controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operations to be performed and the operands involved. For example, controller 602 may be configured to interpret instructions and determine control signals to be output to other components of processor 600, enabling processor 600 to support various operations according to the examples described herein. Additionally or alternatively, controller 602 may be configured to manage data flow within processor 600. Controller 602 may be configured to control data transfers between registers, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and other functional units of processor 600.

[0216] Memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc., local to or included in processor 600). In some implementations, memory 604 may reside within or on the processor chipset (e.g., locally to processor 600). In other implementations, memory 604 may reside outside the processor chipset (e.g., remotely from processor 600).

[0217] Memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 600, cause processor 600 to perform the various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. Controller 602 and / or processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 604 to cause processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, processor 600 and / or controller 602 may be coupled to or coupled to memory 604, and processor 600, controller 602, and memory 604 may be configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, processor 600 may include multiple processors, and memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein.

[0218] One or more ALU 606s can be configured to support various operations as described in the examples herein. In some implementations, one or more ALU 606s may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., processor 600). In some other implementations, one or more ALU 606s may reside outside the processor chipset (e.g., processor 600). One or more ALU 606s can perform one or more calculations on data, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For example, one or more ALU 606s can receive input operands and an opcode that determines the operation to be performed. One or more ALU 606s are configured with various logic and arithmetic circuitry, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate data according to the operations. Alternatively or concurrently, one or more ALU 606s may support logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOR, and NAND, enabling one or more ALU 606s to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0219] Based on the examples disclosed herein, processor 600 may support wireless communication. Processor 600 may be configured or operable to support components for: sending a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; and receiving a report message from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0220] Figure 7 An example of an NE 700 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The NE 700 may include a processor 702, a memory 704, a controller 706, and a transceiver 708. The processor 702, memory 704, controller 706, or transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of this disclosure described herein. These components may be coupled via one or more interfaces (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground).

[0221] Processor 702, memory 704, controller 706 or transceiver 708, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (e.g., a circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof, configured to or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[0222] Processor 702 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, processor 702 may be configured to operate memory 704. In other implementations, memory 704 may be integrated into processor 702. Processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 704 to cause NE 700 to perform various functions of this disclosure.

[0223] Memory 704 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. Memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 702, cause NE 700 to perform the various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as memory 704 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media include both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0224] In some implementations, processor 702 and memory 704 coupled to processor 702 may be configured such that NE 700 performs one or more functions described herein (e.g., processor 702 executes instructions stored in memory 704). For example, according to the examples disclosed herein, processor 702 may support wireless communication at NE 700. NE 700 may be configured to support components for: receiving a first request message from an analysis consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; receiving data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; analyzing the data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network; and sending a report message to the analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network.

[0225] Controller 706 can manage input and output signals for NE 700. Controller 706 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into NE 700. In some implementations, controller 706 can utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, controller 706 can be implemented as part of processor 702.

[0226] In some implementations, the NE 700 may include at least one transceiver 708. In other implementations, the NE 700 may have more than one transceiver 708. The transceiver 708 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 708 may include one or more receiver chains 710, one or more transmitter chains 712, or a combination thereof.

[0227] Receiver chain 710 can be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) via a wireless medium. For example, receiver chain 710 may include one or more antennas for receiving signals over the air or via a wireless medium. Receiver chain 710 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. Receiver chain 710 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the received signal and acquire transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during signal transmission. Receiver chain 710 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive transmitted data.

[0228] Transmitter chain 712 can be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). Transmitter chain 712 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal to prepare the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes such as phase shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Transmitter chain 712 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over a wireless medium. Transmitter chain 712 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0229] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a method according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of this method can be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE can execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

[0230] At 802, the method may include: receiving a first request message from an analytics consumer, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 802 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 802 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 7 The NE is used to execute this.

[0231] At 804, the method may include: receiving data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 804 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 804 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 7 The NE is used to execute this.

[0232] At 806, the method may include: analyzing data related to the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 806 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 806 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 7 The NE is used to execute this.

[0233] At 808, the method may include sending a report message to an analysis consumer, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 808 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 808 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 7 The NE is used to execute this.

[0234] It should be noted that the method described in this paper describes one possible implementation, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are also possible.

[0235] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of this method can be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions.

[0236] At 902, the method may include: sending a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 902 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 902 may be as referenced... Figure 5 The UE is used to execute this.

[0237] At 904, the method may include: receiving a report message from a network entity, the report message including the energy performance of that portion of the wireless communication network. The operation of 904 can be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 904 may be as referenced... Figure 5 The UE is used to execute this.

[0238] It should be noted that the method described in this paper describes one possible implementation, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are also possible.

[0239] The description provided herein is intended to enable those skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0240] The following abbreviations are relevant to the areas covered in this document: 5G - Fifth Generation Mobile Communication; 5GC - 5G Core; 5QI - 5G QoS Identifier; AI / ML - Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning; AF - Application Function; AMF - Access and Mobility Function; AnLF - Analysis Logic Function; ASP - Application Service Provider; CM - Configuration Management; CPU - Central Processing Unit; DCCF - Data Collection Coordination Function; DN - Data Network; DNAI - Data Network Access Identifier; DNN - Data Network Name; DRB - Data Radio Bearer; eMBB - Enhanced Mobile Broadband; gNB - General Node B; GPRS - General Packet Radio Service; GPSI - General Public Subscription Identifier; GBR - Guaranteed Bit Rate; GTP - GPRS Tunneling Protocol; IP - Internet Protocol; KPI - Key Performance Indicator; LMF - Location Management Function; MAC - Media Access Control; MBR - Maximum Bit Rate; MDA - Management Data Analysis; MDAF - MDA Function; M FAF - Messaging Framework Adapter Function; MTLF - Model Training Logic Function; MioT - Large Scale Internet of Things; NEF - Network Exposure Function; NF - Network Function; NR - New Radio; NRF - Network Repository Function; NSI - Network Slice Instance; NWDAF - Network Data Analysis Function; OAM - Operations, Administration and Maintenance; PCF - Policy Control Function; PDU - Packet Data Unit; PM - Performance Measurement; PNF - Physical Network Function; QCI - QoS Level Identifier; QoS - Quality of Service; RAN - Radio Access Network; SLA - Service Level Agreement; SMF - Session Management Function; S - NSSAI - Single Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information; SUPI - Subscription Permanent Identifier; TA - Tracking Area; UDM - User Data Manager; UDR - User Data Repository; UE - User Equipment; UL / DL - Uplink / Downlink; UPF - User Plane Function; URLLC - Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication; VNF - Virtual Network Function.

Claims

1. A network entity for a wireless communication network, the network entity comprising: At least one memory; as well as At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and configured such that the network entity: The analysis shows that the consumer receives a first request message, which includes a first request for energy performance related to a portion of the wireless communication network; Receive data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; Analyze the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; as well as A report message is sent to the consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

2. The network entity of claim 1, wherein the portion of the wireless communication network includes one or more of the following communications: one or more user equipments; one or more packet data unit (PDU) sessions; one or more quality of service (QoS) streams; one or more network slices; or one or more network functions.

3. The network entity according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first request message further includes an indication for limiting the portion of the wireless communication network to one or more of the following: a geographical area; a network slice; or a time window of interest.

4. The network entity according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first request message further comprises: A second request to report whether the portion of the wireless communication network exceeds energy performance thresholds and / or load thresholds.

5. The network entity according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: determines one or more of the portion's energy consumption, energy cost, energy efficiency, or supplemental energy consumption.

6. The network entity of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: determines, based on the data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network, the amount or bit rate of the data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

7. The network entity of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: determines, based on the amount or bit rate of the data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network, the energy expenditure of one or more network nodes involved in processing communication relating to the portion of the wireless communication network.

8. The network entity of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: calculates the energy consumption based on the amount or bit rate of the data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network, and the energy expenditure of the one or more network nodes involved in processing communication relating to the portion of the wireless communication network.

9. The network entity according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: Based on the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network, determine the useful output of the user plane of that portion of the wireless communication network; and The energy efficiency is calculated based on the energy consumption of the portion of the wireless communication network and the useful output of the user plane of the portion of the wireless communication network.

10. The network entity according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: determines the service mode of the portion of the wireless communication network based on the data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

11. The network entity according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: determines, based on the service mode of the portion of the wireless communication network, one or more network nodes that need to leave the power-saving state to support the portion of the wireless communication network.

12. The network entity according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory is further configured such that the network entity: sends a second request message to the wireless communication network for data relating to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

13. A method for a network entity in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: The analysis shows that the consumer receives a first request message, which includes a first request for energy performance related to a portion of the wireless communication network; Receive data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network from the wireless communication network; Analyze the data related to the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network to determine the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network; as well as A report message is sent to the consumer, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

14. An analytical consumer for a wireless communication network, the analytical consumer comprising: At least one memory; as well as At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and configured such that the analytics consumer: Send a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; as well as A report message is received from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

15. A method for analyzing consumers in a wireless communication network, the method comprising: Send a first request message to a network entity, the first request message including a first request for the energy performance of a portion of the wireless communication network; as well as A report message is received from the network entity, the report message including the energy performance of the portion of the wireless communication network.

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