base station

Abstract

The base station includes a control unit that calculates a predicted value of a transmission timing and a valid period of the transmission timing for a terminal to connect to a base station of a migration destination and transmit data to the base station of the migration destination without performing random access using a learning model, and a transmission unit that transmits the predicted value and the valid period to the base station of the migration destination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to base stations that use learning models to perform mobility-related actions. Background Technology

[0002] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) standardized fifth-generation mobile communication systems (also known as 5G, New Radio (NR), or Next Generation (NG)) and also standardized next-generation mobile communication systems known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] For example, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML) models (hereinafter also referred to as learning models) is being researched. These learning models are mounted on terminals (hereinafter also referred to as User Equipment (UE)) or base stations (hereinafter also referred to as gNodeB (gNB)) to predict various parameters. By using the various parameters predicted by the learning models, it is expected that performance in various fields such as Channel State Information (CSI) feedback, beam management (BM), positioning, mobility, network slicing, and Quality of Experience (QoE) will be improved (Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0004] As one type of mobility mentioned above, there is RACH-less HO (RACH-free handover), which achieves rapid handover (HO) by omitting the random access (RA) process. RACH-less HO is, for example, the RACH-less lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) currently under discussion, but it can also be the RACH-less conditional HO (CHO) to be discussed in the future.

[0005] As a preparation for rapid home homing (HO), RACH-less HO includes an early sync procedure. The early sync procedure is used to obtain the Timing Advance (TA) value between the UE and the gNB. The TA value is a parameter that advances the transmission timing of data sent by the UE, representing the transmission timing of each UE. Through the early sync procedure, the UE can obtain the TA value in advance, thus omitting the RA procedure during HO.

[0006] Existing technical documents

[0007] Non-patent literature

[0008] Non-patent literature 1: “Moderator's summary for REL-19 RAN2 topic AI / ML for AirInterface SI (Mobility)”, RP-232622, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, 3GPP, September 11-15, 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0009] However, in the early synchronization procedure, before the UE obtains the TA value, it needs to go through multiple processes with the source gNB and the target gNB (or the source DU and the target DU in the case of inter-DU HO), thus incurring time consumption issues. For example, in the case of inter-DU HO (inter-DU handover), the following processes are required.

[0010] • The source DU instructs the UE to send a PDCCH ordered RACH.

[0011] • The UE sends a RACH preamble to the target DU.

[0012] • The target DU calculates the TA value and sends the TA value to the source DU via the CU.

[0013] • The source DU sends a cell(s) switch command containing the TA value to the UE.

[0014] Here, we consider using a learning model to predict the TA value and using the predicted TA value to achieve RACH-less HO. However, in this case, the predicted value may become inappropriate due to changes in the UE's movement or propagation environment.

[0015] Therefore, this disclosure was made in view of the following situation, and its purpose is to provide a base station that can calculate the predicted value of the appropriate TA value by utilizing a learning model.

[0016] One disclosed embodiment is a base station comprising: a control unit (control unit 170) that uses a learning model to calculate a predicted value of a transmission timing and a valid period of the transmission timing, the transmission timing being used by a terminal to connect to a base station at a destination and transmit data to the destination base station without performing random access; and a transmission unit (wireless signal transceiver unit 110) that transmits the predicted value and the valid period to the destination base station. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a general structural diagram of a wireless communication system.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the frequency ranges used in wireless communication systems.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of wireless frames, subframes, time slots, and symbols used in a wireless communication system.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a functional block diagram of the terminal.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a functional block diagram of a base station.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the architecture of a learning model.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted value of the TA value calculated by the terminal can be applied.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the application of TA values ​​to predict values ​​based on reliability scores.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the case where the predicted value of the TA value is not applied based on the reliability score.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted value of TA can be applied.

[0027] Figure 11This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted value of TA can be applied.

[0028] Figure 12 To explain in more detail Figure 7 The flowchart.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted TA value calculated by the source DU of a base station can be applied.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted TA value calculated by the target DU of a base station can be applied.

[0031] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted TA value calculated by the gNB-CU of the source gNB can be applied.

[0032] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted TA value calculated by the gNB-CU of the target gNB can be applied.

[0033] Figure 17 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of whether the predicted TA value calculated by the gNB-CU of the target gNB can be applied.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a failure when a HO operation performed using a predicted value of the TA value fails.

[0035] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a terminal.

[0036] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments are described below based on the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the same or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same function or structure, and their descriptions are omitted where appropriate.

[0038] (1) Structure of wireless communication system

[0039] Figure 1 The wireless communication system 10 shown is a wireless communication system that follows a method known as 5G. On the other hand, the wireless communication system 10 can also be a wireless communication system that follows a method known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0040] The wireless communication system 10 can support massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) that generates more directional beams by controlling wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, carrier aggregation (CA) that uses multiple component carriers (CC), and dual connectivity (DC) that communicates with two base stations simultaneously.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system 10 includes a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) 20, a base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as gNodeB (gNB) 100) connected to the NG-RAN 20, and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as user equipment (UE) 200) that communicates wirelessly with the gNB 100. The NG-RAN 20 is connected to a core network (CN) not shown. The NG-RAN 20 and CN can also be simply referred to as a "network". Additionally, the gNB 100 can be interpreted as being included within the network. Furthermore, the specific structure of the wireless communication system 10, such as the number of gNBs 100 and UEs 200, is not limited to... Figure 1 The example shown.

[0042] The gNB100 can also be a base station with a centralized-radio access network (C-RAN) structure, consisting of a distributed unit (DU) for connecting to the UE200 and a central unit (CU) for connecting to the network. In this case, the gNB100 can be replaced by a DU, a CU, or both. When the gNB100 is a DU, it can also be called gNB-DU. When the gNB100 is a CU, it can be called gNB-CU. When the gNB100 includes both a DU and a CU, the DU portion can be called gNB-DU, and the CU portion can be called gNB-CU.

[0043] In addition, the wireless communication system 10 can support multiple frequency ranges (FRs). That is, such as Figure 2 As shown, the following FRs are also supported.

[0044] FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz

[0045] FR2-1: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz

[0046] FR2-2: Over 52.6GHz to 71GHz

[0047] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5–100 MHz can be used. In FR2-1, an SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (which can be 240 kHz) and a BW of 50–400 MHz can be used.

[0048] In FR2-2, to avoid increasing phase noise, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) with a larger SCS can be applied.

[0049] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, one time slot in the wireless communication system 10 consists of 14 symbols. While maintaining this structure, a larger (wider) SCS results in a shorter symbol period (and time slot period). Furthermore, the SCS is not limited to... Figure 3 The frequency shown can be, for example, 480kHz, 960kHz, etc.

[0050] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one time slot does not necessarily have to be 14 symbols; for example, it could be 28 or 56 symbols. Also, the number of time slots in each subframe can vary depending on the SCS.

[0051] (2) Functional block structure of wireless communication system

[0052] (2.1) Functional block structure of the terminal

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, the UE200 includes a wireless signal transceiver unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modem unit 230, and a control signal transceiver unit 20. Reference signal processing unit 240, encoding / decoding unit 250, data transceiver unit 260, and control unit 270.

[0054] The wireless transceiver unit 210 transmits and receives wireless signals with the gNB 100. The wireless transceiver unit 210 can also be configured as a transmitter sending wireless signals to the gNB 100 and a receiver receiving wireless signals from the gNB 100. The wireless signals can contain data or can be replaced by data. Transmission can also be replaced by reports, notifications, etc. Reception can also be replaced by setting, indicating, or notifying. Furthermore, setting can be achieved through setting information (information element (IE)) at the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and indicating can be achieved through control elements (CE) and downlink control information (DCI) at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0055] The wireless transceiver unit 210 in this embodiment can transmit a predicted value of the TA value to the gNB 100 (e.g., the gNB 100 at the migration destination of the UE 200 performing HO). The TA value is a parameter that advances the transmission timing of the UE 200 transmitting data to the gNB 100, and is a parameter representing the transmission timing for each UE 200. Therefore, it can be said that the TA value is the transmission timing for transmitting data to the gNB 100 determined for each UE 200. In addition, the TA value is a parameter obtained during random access when connecting to the gNB 100. That is, if there is a TA value, random access when connecting to the gNB 100 can be omitted. Therefore, the TA value can also be said to be a parameter used to connect to the gNB 100 without performing random access.

[0056] The wireless transceiver unit 210 in this embodiment can transmit not only the predicted value of the TA value to the gNB100 (e.g., the gNB100 at the migration destination of the UE200 performing HO), but also the validity period of the TA value. The validity period of the TA value can be understood as the period during which the transmission timing and the reception timing (in scheduling) are consistent in the transmission of data from the UE200 to the gNB100. Furthermore, the validity period of the TA value can also be set considering the possibility that the transmission timing and reception timing may be inconsistent over time due to changes in the UE200's movement or propagation environment.

[0057] The predicted TA value is the TA value calculated by the control unit 270 using a learning model. That is, the predicted TA value is not directly calculated based on the actual environment or conditions, but rather inferred from past TA values ​​under those conditions to determine what the current environment or conditions would be. Furthermore, the validity period of the TA value is the validity period of the TA value calculated by the control unit 270 using the learning model. Therefore, the validity period of the TA value in this embodiment, like the predicted TA value, is the validity period of the TA value inferred using the learning model (the predicted value of the validity period). Regarding the architecture of the learning model, it will be discussed later. Figure 6 As described in the text.

[0058] The wireless transceiver unit 210 in this embodiment can also transmit the reliability score calculated by the control unit 270 using a learning model to the gNB 100 (e.g., the gNB 100 of the migration destination of the UE 200 performing HO). The reliability score can be a reliability score for the predicted value of the TA value, or a reliability score for the validity period of the TA value. Alternatively, the reliability score can also be a reliability score calculated by the control unit 270 using a learning model for other parameters. For example, the reliability score can also be calculated as 90 out of a maximum of 100.

[0059] The wireless signal transceiver unit 210 of the embodiment can transmit the predicted value of TA value if at least one of the following conditions is met.

[0060] • When the predicted value of the TA value is reported from the gNB100 (in addition, specific instructions can be implemented through RRC setting messages, MAC CE, DCI, etc.)

[0061] • Cases where the validity period of a TA value expires (e.g., when a timer for managing the validity period of a TA value expires).

[0062] The amplification unit 220 includes a power amplifier (PA) and a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The amplification unit 220 amplifies the wireless signal output from the wireless signal transceiver unit 210. Additionally, the amplification unit 220 amplifies the wireless signal output from the modem 230.

[0063] The modem 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmit power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication target (gNB100 or other gNB). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM can also be applied in the modem 230. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM can be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0064] control signals The reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing of control signals, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, that are transmitted and received with the gNB100.

[0065] control signals The reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing on reference signals transmitted and received with gNB100, such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), sounding reference signal (SRS), and positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0066] In addition, the channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels include the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). Data channels include the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0067] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs segmentation / linking and encoding / decoding of the data contained in the wireless signal for each predetermined communication target (gNB100 or other gNB).

[0068] Specifically, the encoder / decoder 250 decodes the data output from the modem 230 and concatenates the decoded data. Additionally, the encoder / decoder 250 divides the data output from the data transceiver 260 into predetermined sizes and encodes the divided data.

[0069] The data transceiver unit 260 performs tasks such as assembling and decomposing Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs) that constitute data between layers. These layers include the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. Furthermore, the data transceiver unit 260 performs error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0070] The control unit 270 controls the UE 200. For example, the control unit 270 controls the transmission and reception of wireless signals based on the wireless signal transceiver unit 210, amplification based on the amplification unit 220, data modulation / demodulation based on the modulation / demodulation unit 230, and control signals. The signal processing of the reference signal processing unit 240, the encoding / decoding based on the encoding / decoding unit 250, and the assembly / decomposition of data units based on the data transceiver unit 260.

[0071] The control unit 270 in this embodiment can perform a HO (House of Origin) of the UE 200, i.e., a connection to the gNB 100, the migration destination. Furthermore, the HO performed by the control unit 270 can be an HO in L3 or an HO in L1 / L2, i.e., LTM (Lower Time Management). LTM, by controlling the connection in a lower layer than L3 (L1 / L2), can complete the HO in a shorter time than an HO in L3.

[0072] In the implementation, the control unit 270 can perform random access with the destination gNB 100 during the HO (LTM), or it can choose not to perform random access with the destination gNB 100. Hereinafter, the former HO is sometimes referred to as a RACH-based HO (RACH-based handover), and the latter HO is sometimes referred to as a RACH-less HO (RACH-less handover). RACH-less HOs are implemented through an early sync procedure where the UE 200 obtains the TA value in advance. Therefore, a RACH-less HO can be understood as an HO such as an LTM or CHO that can apply an early sync procedure. Furthermore, these RACH-less HOs can also be called RACH-less LTMs or RACH-less CHOs.

[0073] The control unit 270 in this embodiment can use a learning model to calculate a predicted value for the TA value. As described in the description of the wireless transceiver unit 210, the TA value is used to connect to the gNB 100 without performing random access and is a parameter representing the transmission timing of data transmission to the gNB 100. Therefore, the predicted value of the TA value can also be said to be a parameter representing the transmission timing of data transmission to the gNB 100 (predicted value of transmission timing) used to connect to the gNB 100 without performing random access. In addition, the control unit 270 can use a learning model to calculate the validity period of the TA value. Furthermore, the control unit 270 can also calculate the predicted value of the TA value or a reliability score for the validity period of the TA value.

[0074] The control unit 270 of the embodiment can perform RACH-less HO when the gNB100 allows the use of the predicted TA value, and can also perform RACH-based HO when the gNB100 does not allow the use of the predicted TA value. In addition, even when the gNB100 allows the use of the predicted TA value, if the connection with the gNB100 using the predicted value fails, the control unit 270 can also perform random access (i.e., RACH-based HO) to the gNB100.

[0075] (2.2) Functional block structure of base station

[0076] like Figure 5 As shown, the gNB100 includes a wireless signal transceiver unit 110, an amplifier unit 120, a modem unit 130, and a control signal transceiver unit 140. Reference signal processing unit 140, encoding / decoding unit 150, data transceiver unit 160, and control unit 170.

[0077] The structures of gNB100 in the following description can be understood as the structures of the source gNB or the structures of the target gNB. The source gNB can be understood as the gNB100 of the migration source of UE200 (hereinafter also referred to as gNB100A), and the target gNB can be understood as the gNB100 of the migration destination of UE200 (hereinafter also referred to as gNB100B). In addition, as described above, the gNB100 of the implementation can be understood as gNB-CU, gNB-DU, or both.

[0078] The wireless transceiver unit 110 transmits and receives wireless signals with the UE 200. The wireless transceiver unit 110 can also be configured as a transmitter sending wireless signals to the UE 200 and a receiver receiving wireless signals from the UE 200. The wireless signals can contain data or can be replaced by data. Transmission can also be replaced by settings, indications, notifications, etc. Reception can also be replaced by reports (performed), notifications (performed), etc. Furthermore, settings can be implemented through setting information (information elements (IE)) at the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and indications can be implemented through control elements (CE) and downlink control information (DCI) at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0079] The wireless transceiver unit 110 of the embodiment can have the same functions as the wireless transceiver unit 210 of the UE 200. That is, the wireless transceiver unit 110 can transmit a predicted value of a parameter (TA value) to the gNB 100B. This parameter (TA value) is used by the UE 200 to connect to the gNB 100B without performing random access, and it is a parameter representing the timing of transmitting data to the gNB 100B. In addition, the wireless transceiver unit 110 can transmit the validity period of the TA value to the gNB 100B. The predicted value of the TA value and the validity period of the TA value transmitted by the wireless transceiver unit 110 can be values ​​calculated by the control unit 170 of the gNB 100A, which has the same functions as the control unit 270 of the UE 200, using a learning model.

[0080] When gNB100 is composed of multiple gNB-DUs and gNB-CUs, the wireless transceiver unit 110 of this embodiment can transmit and receive data between the gNB-CU and the gNB-DU of the migration destination of UE200. In this case, the gNB-DU of the migration source of UE200 among the multiple gNB-DUs can also be regarded as gNB100A, and the gNB-DU of the migration destination of UE200 can be regarded as gNB100B.

[0081] The wireless transceiver unit 110 in this embodiment can also transmit a predicted value of the TA value or a reliability score for the validity period of the TA value to the gNB100B. The reliability score can also be calculated by the control unit 170 of the gNB100A using a learning model.

[0082] The wireless transceiver unit 110 of the embodiment can transmit the predicted value of the TA value to the UE200 if the gNB100B allows the use of the predicted value of the TA value (the use of the predicted value of the TA value when the UE200 performs RACH-less HO on the gNB100B). In this case, the gNB100B can also allow the use of the predicted value of the TA value based on the aforementioned reliability score.

[0083] The wireless transceiver unit 110 in the embodiment may also include the predicted value of TA value in a migration command (e.g., cell(s) switch command) for UE200 and transmit it.

[0084] The amplification unit 120 includes a power amplifier (PA) and a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The amplification unit 120 amplifies the wireless signal output from the wireless signal transceiver unit 110. Additionally, the amplification unit 120 amplifies the wireless signal output from the modem unit 130.

[0085] The modem 130 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmit power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication target (UE200 or other UE). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM can also be applied in the modem 130. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM can be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0086] control signals The reference signal processing unit 140 performs processing of control signals, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, that are transmitted and received with the UE200.

[0087] control signals The reference signal processing unit 140 performs processing on reference signals transmitted and received with UE200, such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), sounding reference signal (SRS), and positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0088] In addition, the channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels include the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). Data channels include the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0089] The encoding / decoding unit 150 performs segmentation / linking and encoding / decoding of data contained in the wireless signal for each predetermined communication target (UE200 or other UE).

[0090] Specifically, the encoder / decoder 150 decodes the data output from the modem 130 and concatenates the decoded data. Additionally, the encoder / decoder 150 divides the data output from the data transceiver 160 into predetermined sizes and encodes the divided data.

[0091] The data transceiver unit 160 performs tasks such as assembling and decomposing Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs) that constitute data between layers. These layers include the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. Furthermore, the data transceiver unit 160 performs error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0092] The control unit 170 controls the gNB100. For example, the control unit 170 controls the transmission and reception of wireless signals based on the wireless signal transceiver unit 110, amplification based on the amplification unit 120, data modulation / demodulation based on the modulation / demodulation unit 130, and control signals. The reference signal processing unit 140 performs signal processing, the encoding / decoding unit 150 performs encoding / decoding, and the data unit 160 performs data unit assembly / disassembly. Additionally, the control unit 170 performs scheduling for the UE 200.

[0093] The control unit 170 in this embodiment can control the HO based on UE200, i.e., the migration to gNB100B. Furthermore, the HO controlled by the control unit 270 can be an HO in L3 or an HO in L1 / L2, i.e., LTM. LTM, by controlling it in a lower layer than L3, i.e., L1 / L2, can complete the HO in a shorter time than the HO in L3.

[0094] In the implementation embodiment, the control unit 170 may perform random access with the UE200 or may not perform random access with the UE200 during the HO executed by the UE200.

[0095] The control unit 170 in this embodiment, like the control unit 270 of the UE200, can use a learning model to calculate the predicted value of the TA value. Furthermore, the control unit 170 can use the learning model to calculate the validity period of the TA value. The control unit 170 can also calculate the predicted value of the TA value or a reliability score for the validity period of the TA value. The explanation of the TA value is repeated above and therefore omitted here.

[0096] The control unit 170 in this implementation allows the UE 200 to use either a predicted value of the TA value calculated by itself or a predicted value of the TA value calculated by the UE 200. In other words, the control unit 170 can verify whether the predicted value of the TA value is appropriate and decide whether to use it. This verification and decision can be based on the validity period of the TA value, or on the predicted value of the TA value, or on a reliability score for the validity period of the TA value. The UE 200 can perform RACH-less HO if the control unit 170 allows it, or perform RACH-based HO if the gNB 100 does not allow the use of the predicted value of the TA value.

[0097] (2.3) Architecture of the learning model

[0098] like Figure 6 As shown, the learning model can include the following functionalities as its architecture. Additionally, Figure 6 The architecture is based on 3GPPR2-2313107. Figure 4 The techniques disclosed in .4-1 are cited appropriately for illustration.

[0099] • “Data Collection Department”: Provides input data to the “Model Training Department”, “Management Department”, and “Inference Department” in the later stages.

[0100] • “Model Training Department”: Executes the training of the learning model and stores the trained learning model in the “Model Storage Department”.

[0101] • The "Management Department" provides feedback on the performance of the learned models to the "Model Training Department" and requests retraining. Additionally, it selects, activates (deactivates), modifies, and rolls back the learned models to the "Inference Department." Furthermore, it requests learned models from the "Model Storage Department."

[0102] • "Inference Department": Using the learning model stored in the "Model Storage Department", it outputs the predicted value corresponding to the input data to the "Management Department".

[0103] • “Model Storage Department”: Stores learning models and provides them to the “Inference Department” upon request from the “Management Department”.

[0104] (3) Operation of wireless communication system

[0105] (3.1) Topic

[0106] In the early synchronization procedure, multiple processes are required between the UE and the source gNB and the target gNB (or source DU and target DU in the case of inter-DU HO) before the UE obtains the TA value, thus incurring time overhead. Here, we consider using a learning model to predict the TA value and using the predicted TA value to implement RACH-less HO. However, in this case, the predicted value may become inappropriate due to changes in the UE's movement or propagation environment.

[0107] (3.2) Example of an action

[0108] (3.2.1) Example 1 of the action

[0109] Reference Figures 7 to 12 Let's explain Action Example 1. Action Example 1 assumes that a learning model is installed in UE200. That is, in Action Example 1, the main body that uses the learning model to calculate the predicted value of TA and other parameters is UE200.

[0110] UE200 can use a learning model to predict the TA value when performing HO (Ho) operations on candidate cells or neighbor cells formed in gNB100, and calculate the predicted TA value. Furthermore, the HO in this action example can be an HO capable of applying RACH-less HO (LTM, CHO, etc.), or it can be a RACH-based HO (conventional HO).

[0111] like Figure 7 As shown, UE200 can calculate the predicted TA value for each candidate cell and report it to gNB100 in the measurement report. In this case, it can also report the predicted TAG value after grouping the TA values ​​of multiple candidate cells. Alternatively, UE200 can use a learning model to predict the validity period of each TA value (hereinafter also referred to as the TA timer) and report it to gNB100 in the measurement report. An example is shown below. Additionally, the measurement report can also include measurements of cell quality such as L1 / L3 reference signal received power (RSRP) corresponding to the layer where HO is performed.

[0112] • Candidate cells A and B: Predicted values ​​of TA or TAG values, and predicted values ​​of the TA timer.

[0113] Candidate Cell C: Predicted TA value and predicted TA timer value

[0114] Furthermore, where multiple TA values ​​can be set for a candidate cell, the UE200 can use a learning model to calculate predicted values ​​for multiple TA values ​​and report them to the gNB100 in the measurement report. An example is shown below.

[0115] Candidate Cell D: Predicted TA value 1, Predicted TA timer value 1, Predicted TA value 2, Predicted TA timer value 2

[0116] return Figure 7 The gNB100 verifies the predicted TA value received from the UE200 to determine whether the UE200 can use it in a RACH-less HO. If the use of the predicted TA value is permitted, the gNB100 sends a migration command (e.g., a cell(s) switch command) to the UE200. In response, the UE200 uses the predicted TA value to perform the RACH-less HO. Additionally, the migration command may (re)include the candidate cell A of the migration destination and the TA value applied to candidate cell A.

[0117] UE200 can also calculate a predicted value for the TA value or a reliability score for the effective period of the TA value, and report the reliability score to gNB100. Figure 8 This indicates a reliability score of 90 or higher out of a possible 100. Figure 9 This indicates a reliability score below 90 out of a possible 100. Figure 8 In this case, gNB100 allows the use of predicted TA values ​​to instruct UE200 to use RACH-less HO (cells switch command in the figure). Figure 9 In this case, gNB100 does not allow the use of predicted TA values ​​to instruct UE200 on RACH-based HO (the RACH of the PDCCH command in the figure). Furthermore, the threshold for whether UE200 should execute RACH-less HO or RACH-based HO is not limited to a score of 90 or higher out of 100; it can also be 80 or higher out of 100. The maximum reliability score is also not limited to 100.

[0118] When performing a RACH-less HO for a target cell, the UE200 can use a configured grant to perform the first transmission. In this case, the validity period of the configured grant is managed by a timer (e.g., cg-LTM-retransmissionTimer). The UE200 can also use a learning model to calculate (predict) the validity period of the configured grant. Additionally, the configured grant is a pre-allocated PUSCH resource, which allows UL transmission to be performed without scheduling requests.

[0119] The TA value calculated by UE200 using the learning model can also be the TA value in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN). In this case, the predicted TA value can be obtained by adding the predicted service link round trip time (RTT) to the predicted common TA value. The network can also use this predicted TA value for K_offset configuration in scheduling.

[0120] Depending on the UE200's supplier, the predicted TA value may have discrepancies. To address this, the UE200 can also use a learning model to predict the offset of the TA value (hereinafter referred to as the offset prediction value). Furthermore, the offset prediction value can also be set for the UE200 via the gNB100. In this case, the learning model can also be installed in the gNB100, and the gNB100 can use the learning model to calculate the offset prediction value. The UE200 can then add the offset prediction value to the predicted TA value to perform RACH-less HO.

[0121] When the UE200 receives an instruction from the gNB100, it can also use the learning model to calculate the predicted value of the TA.

[0122] Upon receiving a reporting instruction from gNB100, UE200 can report the predicted TA value to gNB100. The timing of the report can be the expiration of a timer that manages the validity period of the predicted TA value, or the expiration of a timer that manages the validity period of an existing TA value (not based on a learning model prediction).

[0123] On the other hand, such as Figure 10As shown, the predicted TA value may not be reported. In this case, the UE200 will report the predicted TA value to gNB100, for example, via a measurement report, if the learning model has calculated it. (Regarding...) Figure 7 Similarly, gNB100 determines whether the predicted value of TA can be used, and sends a migration command to UE200 based on this decision.

[0124] like Figure 11 As shown, when the UE200 is notified by the gNB100 of the predicted value of the TA value, it can independently calculate the predicted value of the TA value and then apply the predicted TA value to perform a RACH-less HO on the target cell. In this case, the UE200 can report the predicted value of the applied TA value and the cell ID of the migration destination to the gNB100 after the HO is completed.

[0125] In the event that the RACH-less HO described in this action example fails, UE200 can fall back to RACH-based HO.

[0126] Figure 12 Showing targets Figure 7 The detailed process of dividing gNB100 into source gNB (gNB100A) and target gNB (gNB100B) is as follows: First, UE200 sends a measurement report to gNB100A. In response, gNB100A and gNB100 exchange a HO request / allow, and UE2000 sends the candidate cell settings. The subsequent process is similar to... Figure 7 Since they are the same, the explanation is omitted.

[0127] (3.2.2) Action Example 2

[0128] Reference Figures 13 to 17 Example 2 will now be explained. Example 2 assumes that a learning model is mounted on the gNB100. That is, in Example 2, the main body that uses the learning model to calculate the predicted value of TA and other parameters is the gNB100. Furthermore, the HO in this example can be a HO that can apply RACH-less HO (LTM, CHO, etc.) or a RACH-based HO (conventional HO).

[0129] (3.2.2.1) Action Example 2-1

[0130] Action Example 2-1 illustrates the action when the learning model is integrated with the gNB-DU. In this case, the source DU can use the learning model to predict the TA value of the candidate cell and calculate the predicted TA value. The target DU can also use the learning model to predict the TA value of the candidate cell and calculate the predicted TA value. Furthermore, the source DU, target DU, and CU are all contained within gNB100.

[0131] In the description of action example 2-1, the previous references are appropriately omitted. Figures 7 to 12 The explanatory section.

[0132] Figure 13 This illustrates the process when the source DU uses a learning model to predict the TA value of a candidate cell. The source DU sends the predicted TA value to the target DU via the gNB-CU. The target DU determines whether the predicted TA value is usable; if it is, it sends this result back to the source DU via the gNB-CU. The source DU and... Figure 7 and Figure 12 Similarly, a migration command is sent to UE200.

[0133] Figure 14 This illustrates the process where the target DU uses a learning model to predict the TA value of a candidate cell. The source DU sends the candidate cell (candidate cell A in the figure) of the UE200's migration destination to the target DU via the gNB-CU. The target DU uses the learning model to calculate the predicted TA value of the candidate cell and sends it to the source DU via the gNB-CU. The source DU and... Figure 7 and Figure 12 Similarly, a migration command is sent to UE200. Furthermore, the usability of the predicted TA value in this case can be determined by either the target DU or the source DU.

[0134] In addition, Figure 13 In, with Figure 8 and Figure 9 Similarly, the source DU can not only calculate and send the predicted TA value, but also calculate and send its reliability score. The target DU can also determine whether the predicted TA value is usable based on the reliability score. Likewise, in Figure 14 In this context, the target DU is not only the predicted value of the TA value, but its reliability score can also be calculated. The reliability score is used to determine whether the predicted value of the TA value can be used.

[0135] In this example, similar to Example 1, the source DU can calculate the predicted TAG value after grouping the TA values ​​of multiple candidate cells, and can further transmit it. Additionally, it can predict the validity period of each TA value (hereinafter also referred to as the TA timer), and can further transmit it. Moreover, if multiple TA values ​​can be set for a candidate cell, the predicted values ​​of multiple TA values ​​can be calculated, and can further transmit them. Furthermore, the validity period of the configured grant can also be calculated (predicted). Alternatively, the target DU can perform these predicted values ​​calculations instead of the source DU.

[0136] (3.2.2.2) Action Example 2-2

[0137] Action Example 2-2 illustrates the scenario where the learning model is integrated with the gNB-CU. In this case, the gNB-CU can use the learning model to predict the TA value of candidate cells and calculate the predicted TA value. More specifically, in the case of Inter-CU LTM or Inter-CU CHO, the gNB-CU of the source gNB (gNB100A) can use the learning model to predict the TA value of candidate cells and calculate the predicted TA value, and the gNB-CU of the target gNB (gNB100B) can use the learning model to predict the TA value of candidate cells and calculate the predicted TA value. Therefore, in Figures 15 to 17 In this context, it can be understood that the source gNB means the gNB-CU of gNB100A, and the target gNB means the gNB-CU of gNB100B.

[0138] In the description of action example 2-2, the previous references are appropriately omitted. Figures 7 to 14 The explanatory section.

[0139] Figure 15 and Figure 13 Similarly, the source gNB's gNB-CU uses a learned model to calculate the predicted TA value, and the target gNB's gNB-CU decides whether the predicted TA value can be used. If it decides to use the predicted TA value, UE200 applies the predicted TA value to the RACH-less HO.

[0140] Figure 16 and Figure 14 Similarly, the target gNB's gNB-CU uses a learning model to calculate a predicted TA value and sends the predicted TA value to the UE200 via the source gNB's gNB-CU. The UE200 then applies the predicted TA value to the RACH-lessHO.

[0141] Figure 17 Shown in Figure 16The process executes a RACH-less HO instead of an LTM using a CHO. For example... Figure 16 As explained, after sending the predicted TA value to UE200, UE200 monitors the HO execution conditions. If the HO execution conditions are met, UE200 executes the RACH-less CHO.

[0142] In addition, Figure 15 In, with Figure 8 and Figure 9 Similarly, the gNB-CU of the source gNB (gNB100A) can not only calculate and transmit the predicted TA value, but also calculate and transmit its reliability score. The gNB-CU of the target gNB (gNB100B) can also determine whether the predicted TA value is usable based on the reliability score. Similarly, in Figure 16 as well as Figure 17 In this context, the gNB-CU of the target gNB (gNB100B) can not only calculate the predicted value of TA, but also its reliability score, and determine whether the predicted value of TA can be used based on the reliability score.

[0143] (4) Functions and effects

[0144] According to the above implementation method, by using the predicted value of TA calculated using the learning model and the effective period of the TA value, the early sync procedure can be simplified and the reliability of RACH-less HO can be improved.

[0145] Furthermore, the reliability of RACH-less HO can be further improved by using the reliability score of the predicted value for the TA value.

[0146] In addition, regarding the transmission timing of the predicted TA value, the transmission timing can be controlled on the gNB100 (network) side based on the instruction from gNB100.

[0147] In addition, regarding the timing of sending the predicted TA value, the predicted TA value can be updated efficiently when the timer based on the effective period of the managed TA value expires.

[0148] In addition, gNB100 judges whether the predicted TA value is appropriate, thereby further improving the reliability of RACH-less HO.

[0149] Furthermore, in cases where RACH-less HO fails when using the predicted value of TA, the stability of communication can be ensured by falling back to RACH-based HO.

[0150] Furthermore, by including the predicted value of TA in the migration command (e.g., cell(s) switch command) sent to UE200, UE200 is able to quickly use the predicted value of TA to perform RACH-less HO.

[0151] (5) Other implementation methods

[0152] The present invention has been described above according to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and various modifications and improvements can be made, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0153] In the above disclosure, if the HO (Hosting Operation) fails when using the predicted TA value calculated by UE200 (or becomes an RLF), UE200 can report the predicted TA value. For example... Figure 18 As shown, UE200 can report the predicted value of TA by including it in a UEInformationResponse message (RLF report or RA report) in response to a UEInformationRequest message from gNB100.

[0154] In the above disclosure, the learning model can be applied to the O-RAN architecture. For example, when the learning model is integrated into a Near-Real-Time RIC, the Near-Real-Time RIC can also use the learning model to calculate the predicted TA value. The predicted TA value can be sent to the O-CU or O-DU via the E2 interface. Additionally, in this case, in addition to the predicted TA value, a reliability score for the predicted TA value can also be sent.

[0155] The above disclosure envisions the use of a general learning model, but it is not limited to this. Different learning models can also be used depending on the content to be predicted.

[0156] The above examples of actions can be combined and used in combination as long as they do not contradict each other.

[0157] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate blocks based on functions. These functional blocks (components) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single device or multiple devices.

[0158] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0159] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 100, terminal 200, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 100 and a terminal 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 100 and the terminal 200 described above may also be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0160] Additionally, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 100 and terminal 200 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0161] The functions of the base station 100 and the terminal 200 are implemented by reading predetermined software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of the communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading out and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0162] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole, for example, by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc.

[0163] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one direction of the memory 1002 in the storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. The program is used to cause the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. While the various processes described above are explained as being executed by one processor 1001, they can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented using one or more chips. Additionally, the program can be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0164] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and random access memory (RAM). The memory 1002 may be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0165] Storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: optical disc (CD-ROM, Compact Disc ROM), hard disk drive, floppy disk, magneto-optical disc (e.g., compact disc, digital multipurpose disc, Blu-ray disc), smart card, flash memory (e.g., card, stick, key drive), floppy disk, magnetic stripe, etc. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The aforementioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0166] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. For example, it may also be referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may also be configured to include high-frequency switches, duplexers, filters, frequency synthesizers, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0167] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0168] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus or different buses can be used between each device.

[0169] Furthermore, the base station 100 and the terminal 200 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can be used to implement some or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0170] The notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, the notification of information may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may also be referred to as RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0171] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future Generation Radio Access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The system may include at least one of 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems based on these systems that have been extended, modified, generated, or specified. Additionally, multiple systems may be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0172] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this disclosure may be changed in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order in the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0173] In this disclosure, specific actions performed by the base station are sometimes also performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, various actions for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes besides the base station (e.g., consider MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, but it can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0174] It can output information and signals (information, etc.) from a higher (or lower) level to a lower (or higher) level. It can also be input or output through multiple network nodes.

[0175] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0176] The determination can be made by the value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by comparing numerical values ​​(e.g., comparing with a predetermined value).

[0177] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not being notified of the predetermined information).

[0178] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0179] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0180] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0181] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0182] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0183] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can be indicated using indexes.

[0184] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0185] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0186] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or the entire coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0187] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0188] In this disclosure, the terms "terminal", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)" and "user equipment (UE)" are used interchangeably.

[0189] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0190] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object with an arbitrary speed of movement. It also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Additionally, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., car, airplane), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., drone, autonomous vehicle), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0191] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a terminal. For example, various forms / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to a structure that replaces the communication between the base station and the terminal with communication between multiple terminals (e.g., also referred to as D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the terminal 200 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 100 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be replaced with side channel.

[0192] Similarly, the terminal in this disclosure can also be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station 100 can also be configured to have the functions of the terminal 200 described above.

[0193] Figure 20 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 20As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0194] The drive unit 2002 may consist of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor.

[0195] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel) configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0196] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 of the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0197] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal input signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal input signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0198] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, which provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via communication modules 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0199] The Information Services Department 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that implement output to external sources (e.g., monitor, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0200] The driver assistance system unit 2030 comprises various devices used to provide functions such as preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, including millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., inertial measurement units (IMUs), inertial navigation systems (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0201] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 2029 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0202] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0203] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2029 described above, the information obtained based on those signals, and the information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user) to an external device. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0204] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0205] In addition, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0206] As used in this disclosure, terms such as "determining" and "determining" sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Additionally, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0207] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0208] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, or, depending on the standard applied, as a pilot.

[0209] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0210] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements can be taken, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0211] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0212] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0213] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0214] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0215] A time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) in the time domain. A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0216] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0217] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0218] For example, a single subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a single time slot or a single mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is to say, at least one of a subframe or TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. Furthermore, the unit representing TTI can also be called a time slot, mini-time slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0219] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal) to each terminal in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0220] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than that TTI.

[0221] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can also be controlled.

[0222] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8~12), a regular TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a regular subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0223] Additionally, for long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of more than 1ms. For short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of less than long TTIs but more than 1ms.

[0224] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0225] Furthermore, the temporal domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, and can be 1 time slot, 1 mini-time slot, 1 subframe, or 1 TTI in length. 1 TTI, 1 subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0226] In addition, one or more RBs can be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0227] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1 RE can be a radio resource area with 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

[0228] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a given carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0229] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can be set within one carrier.

[0230] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and it is not assumed that the UE will transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. In addition, "cell", "carrier", etc. in this disclosure can be replaced by "BWP".

[0231] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and other structures can be varied in many ways.

[0232] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power, or the rated maximum transmit power.

[0233] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0234] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0235] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0236] (Postscript)

[0237] The aforementioned disclosure can also be expressed as follows.

[0238] The first feature is a base station comprising: a control unit that uses a learning model to calculate a predicted value of a transmission timing and a valid period of the transmission timing, the transmission timing being used by a terminal to connect to a base station at a destination and transmit data to the destination base station without performing random access; and a transmission unit that transmits the predicted value and the valid period to the destination base station.

[0239] The second feature is that, in the first feature, the control unit calculates a reliability score for the predicted value, and the transmission unit transmits the reliability score to the base station of the migration destination.

[0240] The third feature is that, in the first feature, the transmitting unit transmits the predicted value to the terminal if the base station at the migration destination allows the use of the predicted value.

[0241] The fourth feature is that, in the second feature, the transmitting unit transmits the predicted value to the terminal if the base station at the migration destination allows the use of the predicted value based on the reliability score.

[0242] The fifth feature is that, in the third feature, the sending unit includes the predicted value in a migration command for the terminal and sends it.

[0243] The sixth feature is that, in the fourth feature, the sending unit includes the predicted value in a migration command for the terminal and sends it.

[0244] Label Explanation

[0245] 10: Wireless Communication System

[0246] 20: NG-RAN

[0247] 100: Base station

[0248] 110: Wireless Signal Transceiver Unit

[0249] 120: Enlarged section

[0250] 130: Modulation and Demodulation Section

[0251] 140: Control signal Reference Signal Processing Unit

[0252] 150: Encoding / Decoding Section

[0253] 160: Data Transceiver Department

[0254] 170: Control Department

[0255] 200: Terminal

[0256] 210: Wireless Signal Transceiver Unit

[0257] 220: Enlarged section

[0258] 230 Modulation and Demodulation Section

[0259] 240: Control signal Reference Signal Processing Unit

[0260] 250: Encoding / Decoding Section

[0261] 260: Data Transceiver Department

[0262] 270 Control Department

[0263] 1001 processor

[0264] 1002 Memory

[0265] 1003 Storage device

[0266] 1004 Communication device

[0267] 1005 Input Device

[0268] 1006 Output Device

[0269] 1007 bus

[0270] Vehicle 2001

[0271] 2002 Drive Unit

[0272] 2003 Steering Unit

[0273] 2004 Accelerator Pedal

[0274] 2005 Brake Pedal

[0275] 2006 gearshift lever

[0276] Front wheels around 2007

[0277] 2008 rear wheels (left and right)

[0278] 2009 axle

[0279] 2010 Electronic Control Department

[0280] 2012 Information Service Department

[0281] 2013 Communication Module

[0282] 2021 Current Sensor

[0283] 2022 Speed ​​Sensor

[0284] 2023 Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0285] 2024 vehicle speed sensor

[0286] 2025 Accelerometer

[0287] 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor

[0288] 2027 Gearshift sensor

[0289] 2028 Object Detection Sensor

[0290] 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0291] 2030 Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0292] 2031: Microprocessors

[0293] 2032: Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0294] 2033: Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A base station, comprising: The control unit uses a learning model to calculate a predicted value for the transmission timing and the effective period of the transmission timing, which is used by the terminal to connect to and transmit data to the base station of the destination base station without performing random access; and The transmitting unit sends the predicted value and the effective period to the base station at the migration destination.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit calculates a reliability score for the predicted value. The transmitting unit sends the reliability score to the base station at the migration destination.

3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein, If the base station at the destination of the migration allows the use of the predicted value, the transmitting unit transmits the predicted value to the terminal.

4. The base station according to claim 2, wherein, The transmitting unit transmits the predicted value to the terminal if the base station at the migration destination allows the use of the predicted value based on the reliability score.

5. The base station according to claim 3, wherein, The sending unit includes the predicted value in a migration command for the terminal and sends it.

6. The base station according to claim 4, wherein, The sending unit includes the predicted value in a migration command for the terminal and sends it.

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