An apparatus and method for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer

Abstract

This invention discloses a preparation apparatus and method for fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, comprising a feeding component, a granulation component, a temporary storage component, and a vacuum drying component connected in series. Each component is sealed and connected to maintain the material in a low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. The feeding component conveys the material to be granulated (below the eutectic point) into the granulation component. The granulation component receives the material and granulates it to form preliminary granules. The temporary storage component receives the preliminary granules from the granulation component, stores and cools them, and also conveys the stored preliminary granules into the vacuum drying component. The vacuum drying component receives the preliminary granules from the temporary storage component and performs vacuum drying on them, ultimately forming the finished granular fertilizer. This significantly improves the solubility of the granular fertilizer, allowing it to disperse and dissolve rapidly upon contact with water, thus increasing the fertilizer release rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a preparation device and method for a fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] The granulation technology of microbial granular fertilizer directly determines its solubility. Current mainstream granulation processes (extrusion granulation, disc granulation, and drum granulation) all focus on producing solid granules. Due to the dense internal structure of the granules, complete dissolution in room temperature water requires a long time. Therefore, the inherent solid particle structure of traditional granulation processes makes it difficult for their solubility to meet the needs of efficient fertilization in modern agriculture. Developing granulation technology that can overcome this structural limitation has become an urgent need for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a device and method for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, aiming to solve the technical problem of slow dissolution rate of solid granular structures in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a device for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, comprising a feeding component, a granulation component, a temporary storage component, and a vacuum drying component connected in series, with each component being sealed and connected to maintain the material in a low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. The feeding component is used to transport the material to be granulated, which is below the eutectic point, into the granulation component; The granulation component is used to receive the material to be granulated and granulate it to form preliminary granules; The temporary storage component is used to receive the initial granules produced by the granulation component, store and cool the initial granules, and also to transport the stored initial granules into the vacuum drying component. The vacuum drying component is used to receive the pre-processed granules conveyed by the temporary storage component and to perform vacuum drying on the pre-processed granules to finally form granular fertilizer product.

[0005] Preferably, the feeding component includes a raw material box, and a first conveying pipe is vertically provided inside the raw material box, penetrating the top wall of the raw material box. The end of the first conveying pipe extending out of the raw material box is a closed end, and the end inside the raw material box is an open end. A first feeding screw is rotatably provided inside the first feeding pipe. One end of the first feeding screw extends from the open end of the first feeding pipe, and the other end is provided with a first extension shaft. The end of the first extension shaft away from the first feeding screw passes through the closed end of the first feeding pipe. A first rotating sealing ring is provided between the first extension shaft and the first feeding pipe. The end of the first extension shaft extending out of the first feeding pipe is connected to a first servo motor for driving the first extension shaft to rotate. The first conveying pipe is connected to a second conveying pipe on the pipe wall at one end outside the raw material box. The second conveying pipe is used to connect with the material receiving part of the granulation component. The connection position between the second conveying pipe and the first conveying pipe is located on the side where the first extension shaft is set. The feeding component also includes an ice shaver, the ice outlet of which is connected to a third conveying pipe, and the end of the third conveying pipe opposite to the ice shaver is connected to the material receiving part of the granulation component. The outer walls of the first conveying pipe extending out of the raw material box, the outer walls of the second conveying pipe, and the outer walls of the third conveying pipe are respectively provided with heat insulation layers; The raw material box is connected to a first circulating cold air refrigeration unit.

[0006] Preferably, the granulation component includes a cylindrical feeding shell arranged laterally with one end open and the other end closed. At least two second feeding screws are arranged laterally inside the feeding shell. Each second feeding screw is connected to a first cryogenic servo motor for driving the second feeding screw to rotate. Multiple first cryogenic servo motors are arranged at the same end and located at the closed end of the feeding shell. A cylindrical discharge cylinder is wound around the open end of the feeding shell. The extension direction of the discharge cylinder is in the same direction as the extension direction of the feeding shell. A sealing plate is provided on the side of the discharge cylinder away from the feeding shell for sealing the side of the discharge cylinder away from the feeding shell. The end of the second feeding screw away from the first cryogenic servo motor is rotatably connected to the sealing plate. Multiple discharge groups are evenly distributed around the discharge cylinder. Each discharge group consists of multiple discharge holes that are spaced apart in the same direction. The discharge holes penetrate the discharge cylinder vertically, and the distribution direction of the multiple discharge holes is the same as the extension direction of the feeding shell. The pelletizing component also includes a pelletizing assembly, which produces pre-processed pellets. The pelletizing assembly includes a pelletizing box, which is fitted outside the feeding shell and houses the discharge cylinder and the sealing plate inside. The pelletizing box is used to isolate the discharge cylinder and the sealing plate from the outside. The pelletizing assembly also includes a support arm that rotates around the sealing plate. The support arm is equipped with two cutting blades, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the discharge cylinder and slide in contact with the discharge cylinder. The pelletizing box is equipped with a second cryogenic servo motor for driving the support arm to rotate. The lower wall of the pelletizing box is formed with a discharge port, which is located below the discharge cylinder so that the initial pellets fall toward the discharge port; The outer wall of the pelletizing box is provided with a first conveying connection pipe, which sleeves the discharge port inside and is used to guide the cut-off pre-processed pellets into the temporary storage component. The upper side wall of the feeding shell is vertically connected to a feeding pipe. The end of the feeding pipe away from the feeding shell is a closed end. The feeding pipe is connected to the end of the second feeding pipe away from the first feeding pipe and the end of the third feeding pipe away from the ice shaver.

[0007] Preferably, the temporary storage component includes a storage box, the lower part of which is shaped like a bucket. The end of the first conveying connecting pipe opposite to the pelletizing box passes through the top surface of the storage box and is connected to the inside of the storage box. The bottom of the storage box is provided with a second conveying connecting pipe for introducing the pre-processed particles located in the storage box into the vacuum drying component. The second material conveying connecting pipe is provided with a guide funnel with the funnel neck facing downwards. The outer edge of the funnel opening is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second material conveying connecting pipe. An inclined discharge pipe is connected to the end of the funnel neck of the guide funnel away from the storage box. The discharge pipe opening is inclined towards the side away from the storage box, and the discharge pipe opening is located on a cover plate. A first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the side of the cover plate away from the discharge pipe. The first hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the cover plate to close and open the discharge pipe opening. The storage box is equipped with a third cryogenic servo motor. The output shaft of the third cryogenic servo motor is connected to a third extension shaft. A third feeding screw is provided on the side of the third extension shaft away from the third cryogenic servo motor. The third feeding screw is rotatably installed in the neck of the guide funnel. A baffle is fixed on the side of the third cryogenic servo motor away from the third feeding screw. A first fixed crossbar connected to the inner wall of the storage box is provided on both sides of the baffle. The storage bin is connected to a second circulating cold air refrigeration unit; the outer wall of the discharge pipe is equipped with a first waterproof vibration motor.

[0008] Preferably, the vacuum drying component includes a drying chamber, a vacuum system, a cold trap, a heating system, and a control system; the end of the second material conveying connecting pipe opposite to the storage tank is connected to the interior of the drying chamber; The vacuum system is used to provide and maintain the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber, while simultaneously removing non-condensable gases from the drying chamber; the cold trap is used to capture the water vapor generated by the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber; the heating system is used to provide the heat required for the sublimation drying and desorption drying of the primary particles in the drying chamber; the control system is used to control the temperature, vacuum level, and time of the freeze-drying process. The heating system includes a freeze-drying frame with openings at the top and bottom, and a first material tray group and a second material tray group are provided inside the freeze-drying frame; The first material tray assembly includes multiple first material trays arranged horizontally, two parallel vertical first support rods fixed to the top wall of the drying chamber, and two parallel vertical second support rods. The multiple first material trays are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber, and the two first support rods are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple first material trays. Each first material tray is rotatably connected to the first support rod on both sides. The two second support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple first material trays, and each first material tray is rotatably connected to the second support rod on both sides. The second material tray assembly includes multiple second material trays arranged horizontally, two parallel vertical third support rods fixed to the top wall of the drying chamber, and two parallel vertical fourth support rods. The multiple second material trays are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber. The two third support rods are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple second material trays, and each second material tray is rotatably connected to a third support rod on both sides. The two fourth support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple second material trays, and each second material tray is rotatably connected to a fourth support rod on both sides. The first support rod, the second support rod, the third support rod, and the fourth support rod are arranged on the same side, and the first support rod, the second support rod, the third support rod, and the fourth support rod are arranged in the following order in the lateral distribution direction inside the drying oven: second support rod, first support rod, third support rod, and fourth support rod. The first material tray and the second material tray have the same structure. The length direction of the first material tray and the length direction of the second material tray are in the same direction, and the length side of the first material tray and the length side of the second material tray are on the same vertical plane. Multiple first material trays and multiple second material trays are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and staggered arrangement, and two-thirds of the positions of the first material tray and the second material tray overlap. The first material tray and the second material tray are initially in a relatively tilted state. The topmost first material tray is located above the topmost second material tray, and the topmost first material tray is located below the outlet of the discharge pipe; The upper ends of the two second support rods are connected to a first crossbar, and the upper ends of the two fourth support rods are connected to a second crossbar. A waterproof servo motor is installed on the top wall inside the drying oven. Two coils of wire are connected to the output shaft of the waterproof servo motor. Each coil is wound with a rope. The ropes of the two coils are connected to the first crossbar and the second crossbar respectively. The waterproof servo motor drives the two coils to rotate so as to pull the first crossbar and the second crossbar through the rope, so as to realize the first material tray flipping around the connection point between the first support rods and the second material tray flipping around the connection point between the third support rods. The freeze-drying frame has a bottom plate for closing the bottom opening. A second hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the side of the bottom plate away from the freeze-drying frame. The second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the drying chamber. The second hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the bottom plate to rotate and open and close the bottom opening of the freeze-drying frame. The bottom plate is equipped with a weight sensor for detecting the weight on the upper side of the bottom plate. The weight sensor is linked and controlled with the first hydraulic cylinder and the third ultra-low temperature servo motor. Electric heating wires are distributed on the bottom of each first material tray, the bottom of each second material tray, and the bottom surface of the base plate; anti-slip strips are distributed on each first material tray and each second material tray.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding component further includes a stirring assembly, which includes an annular support block fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe located inside the raw material box. A rotating cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe. The rotating cylinder is located inside the raw material box. Two support ring plates are vertically symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder. The two support ring plates are rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe, and the two support ring plates clamp the annular support block inside. The two support ring plates and the annular support block are in sliding frictional engagement. A plurality of protruding teeth are arranged around the outer wall of the rotating cylinder. The protruding teeth are located on the side of the rotating cylinder near the top wall of the raw material box. A second extension shaft is provided through the top wall of the raw material box. The connection between the second extension shaft and the raw material box is rotatably connected by a second rotating sealing ring. A second servo motor for driving the second extension shaft to rotate is connected to the end of the second extension shaft extending out of the raw material box. A gear that meshes with the protruding teeth is provided at the end of the second extension shaft located inside the raw material box. The inner wall of the rotating cylinder is provided with a plurality of support blocks for sliding contact with the outer wall of the first conveying pipe, and the outer wall of the rotating cylinder is provided with horizontally arranged stirring rods.

[0010] Preferably, each of the discharge groups is provided with a hole manufacturing component. The hole manufacturing component includes a hole-making rod disposed in each discharge hole. The hole-making rod is located at the center of the discharge hole, and the extension direction of the hole-making rod is in the same direction as the extension direction of the discharge hole. The ends of the multiple hole-making rods near the inner wall of the discharge cylinder are connected to a fixing rod. The two ends of the fixing rod are respectively fixed to the feeding shell and the sealing plate. The pelletizing box is equipped with a guide plate for guiding the initial pellets toward the discharge port.

[0011] Preferably, a concentric sleeve is fitted on the third extension shaft, and second fixed crossbars connected to the inner wall of the storage box are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the concentric sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the outer walls of the raw material box, feed pipe, feeding shell, pelletizing box, storage box and drying box are respectively covered with a heat insulation layer.

[0013] This invention also proposes a method for preparing a fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, using the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer preparation apparatus described in any one of the above-mentioned methods. The method for preparing the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer includes the following steps: S1. Start the first circulating cold air refrigeration unit to cool the material to be granulated in the raw material box to below the eutectic point, and at the same time start the ice shaving machine to prepare ice crystals; drive the first feeding screw through the first servo motor to transport the low temperature material to be granulated in the raw material box to the feed pipe of the granulation unit through the first feed pipe and the second feed pipe, and simultaneously transport the ice crystals to the feed pipe through the third feed pipe. S2. Start the first cryogenic servo motor to drive at least two second feeding screws to rotate, extruding, blending and plasticizing the cryogenic material and ice crystal mixture input from the feed pipe. The mixture is pushed to the discharge cylinder through the feeding shell and extruded through the discharge hole on the discharge cylinder. At the same time, the hole-forming rod in the discharge hole forms an axial through hole in the center of the extruded material. Start the second cryogenic servo motor to drive the support arm and symmetrically arranged cutting blades to rotate around the discharge cylinder, cutting the extruded material into primary granules with axial through holes. The primary granules are guided to the first conveying connection pipe by the guide plate in the pelletizing box. S3. The primary granules enter the storage box through the first conveying connection pipe. The second circulating cold air refrigeration unit is started to maintain the low temperature environment below the eutectic point in the storage box. The third ultra-low temperature servo motor is started to drive the third feeding screw to convey the primary granules in the storage box to the vacuum drying component through the guide funnel and the discharge pipe. At the same time, the first waterproof vibration motor on the outer wall of the discharge pipe is started to prevent the granules from sticking together. S4 Automated Material Laying and Vacuum Freeze Drying: S41. Adjust the first material tray in the vacuum drying component to tilt towards the second material tray by 10-25°, and the second material tray to tilt towards the first material tray by 10-25°. The initial granules fall from the discharge pipe to the top first material tray and flow down to the next second material tray in sequence along the tilt direction until all the first and second material trays are carrying materials. S42. Start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first crossbar and the second crossbar, so that the first material tray and the second material tray shake back and forth at a small angle. In conjunction with the anti-slip strips on the trays, the friction is increased, and the material is spread out into a uniform thin layer. At the same time, the raised baffle in the width direction of the tray prevents the material from spilling out. S43. When the weight sensor on the bottom plate detects that the weight of the material in the drying chamber exceeds the preset threshold, the first hydraulic cylinder is triggered to drive the cover plate to close the discharge pipe, and at the same time the third ultra-low temperature servo motor stops rotating and stops feeding. S44. Start the vacuum system to evacuate the drying chamber to the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the initial particles, start the cold trap to capture the water vapor generated by sublimation in the drying chamber, start the heating system to heat the electric heating wires on the first material tray, the second material tray and the bottom plate to provide the heat required for sublimation drying and desorption drying of the material, and adjust the temperature, vacuum degree and drying time through the control system to make the ice crystals in the material sublimate to form a porous structure, while maintaining the activity of microorganisms. S5. After drying, shut down the vacuum system, cold trap and heating system, start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first material tray and the second material tray to flip, and pour the finished granular fertilizer under the freeze-drying frame; start the second hydraulic cylinder to drive the bottom plate to rotate and open the lower opening of the freeze-drying frame, and collect the finished granular fertilizer through the discharge channel to complete the preparation of fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer.

[0014] In the technical solution of this invention, an integrated structure is adopted in which the feeding, granulation, temporary storage and vacuum drying components are connected in series and sealed to achieve a closed flow of the entire material preparation process. This prevents the entry of external hot air and water vapor from the source and precisely maintains the material in a low temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. This fundamentally avoids the inactivation of microorganisms due to temperature rise and ensures the activity and effectiveness of microorganisms in granular fertilizer.

[0015] Each component has a clear division of labor according to the process logic of "conveying-granulation-temporary storage-drying", forming a continuous and integrated preparation process, replacing the traditional segmented operation, greatly improving the preparation efficiency of fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, and adapting to the needs of large-scale industrial production.

[0016] The vacuum drying components work in conjunction with a low-temperature environment throughout the process to realize the implementation of the vacuum freeze-drying process. The ice crystals in the material sublimate directly at low temperatures, resulting in a large number of interconnected porous structures in the final granular fertilizer. This significantly improves the solubility of the granular fertilizer, allowing it to disperse and dissolve quickly upon contact with water, thereby increasing the release rate of fertilizer efficacy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding component structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the feeding component of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of area A in the diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the granulation component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure of region B in the diagram; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary storage component structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum drying component structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the heating system structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial structural diagram of the heating system of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Feeding component; 11. Raw material bin; 12. First feeding pipe; 13. First feeding screw; 14. First servo motor; 15. Second feeding pipe; 16. First extension shaft; 17. Third feeding pipe; 18. Ice shaver; 19. Rotating cylinder; 110. Annular support block; 111. Support ring plate; 112. Protruding tooth; 113. Second extension shaft; 114. Gear; 115. Second servo motor; 116. Stirring 1. Rod; 117. Support block; 118. First circulating cold air refrigeration unit; 2. Granulation component; 21. Feeding shell; 22. Second feeding screw; 23. First ultra-low temperature servo motor; 24. Pelletizing box; 25. Sealing plate; 26. Second ultra-low temperature servo motor; 27. Support arm; 28. Cutting knife; 29. ​​Discharge cylinder; 210. First conveying connecting pipe; 211. Fixing rod; 212. Hole-making rod; 213. Guide plate; 214. Feed pipe; 3. Temporary storage component; 31. Storage box; 32. Second conveying connection pipe; 33. Guide funnel; 34. Discharge pipe; 35. First waterproof vibration motor; 36. Cover plate; 37. First hydraulic cylinder; 38. Third feeding screw; 39. Third ultra-low temperature servo motor; 310. Material stop top; 311. First fixed crossbar; 312. Third extension shaft; 313. Second fixed crossbar; 314. Concentric sleeve; 315. Second circulating cold air refrigeration unit; 4. Vacuum drying component; 41. Drying box; 42. First material tray; 43. Second material tray; 44. First support rod; 45. Second support rod; 46. Third support rod; 47. Fourth support rod; 48. Freeze-drying frame; 49. First crossbar; 410. Second crossbar; 411. Waterproof motor; 412. Winding reel; 413. Second hydraulic cylinder; 414. Base plate.

[0020] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0026] This invention proposes a preparation device and method for fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 The device for preparing the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer includes a feeding component 1, a granulation component 2, a temporary storage component 3, and a vacuum drying component 4 connected in series. Each component is sealed and connected to maintain the material in a low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. The feeding component 1 is used to convey the material to be granulated, which is below the eutectic point, into the granulation component 2; The granulation component 2 is used to receive the material to be granulated and granulate it to form preliminary granules; The temporary storage component 3 is used to receive the initial granules produced by the granulation component 2, store and cool the initial granules, and also to transport the stored initial granules into the vacuum drying component 4. The vacuum drying component 4 is used to receive the initial granules conveyed by the temporary storage component 3 and to perform vacuum drying on the initial granules to finally form the finished granular fertilizer product.

[0028] In the technical solution of this invention, an integrated structure is adopted in which four components, namely feeding, granulation, temporary storage and vacuum drying, are connected in series and sealed. This achieves a closed-loop flow of material preparation, preventing the entry of external hot air and water vapor from the source, and precisely maintaining the material in a low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. This fundamentally avoids the inactivation of microorganisms due to temperature rise and ensures the activity and effectiveness of microorganisms in granular fertilizer.

[0029] Each component has a clear division of labor according to the process logic of "conveying-granulation-temporary storage-drying", forming a continuous and integrated preparation process, replacing the traditional segmented operation, greatly improving the preparation efficiency of fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, and adapting to the needs of large-scale industrial production.

[0030] The vacuum drying component 4 works in conjunction with the low-temperature environment throughout the process to realize the implementation of the vacuum freeze-drying process. The ice crystals in the material sublimate directly at low temperature, resulting in a large number of interconnected porous structures in the final granular fertilizer. This significantly improves the solubility of the granular fertilizer, allowing it to disperse and dissolve quickly upon contact with water, thereby increasing the release rate of fertilizer efficacy.

[0031] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 2-4 The feeding component 1 includes a raw material box 11, and a first conveying pipe 12 is vertically provided inside the raw material box 11, which penetrates the top wall of the raw material box 11. One end of the first conveying pipe 12 that extends out of the raw material box 11 is a closed end, and the other end that is inside the raw material box 11 is an open end. A first feeding screw 13 is rotatably provided inside the first feeding pipe 12. One end of the first feeding screw 13 extends out from the open end of the first feeding pipe 12, and the other end is provided with a first extension shaft 16. The end of the first extension shaft 16 away from the first feeding screw 13 passes through the closed end of the first feeding pipe 12. A first rotating sealing ring is provided between the first extension shaft 16 and the first feeding pipe 12. The end of the first extension shaft 16 extending out of the first feeding pipe 12 is connected to a first servo motor 14 for driving the first extension shaft 16 to rotate. The first conveying pipe 12 is connected to the second conveying pipe 15 on the pipe wall at one end outside the raw material box 11. The second conveying pipe 15 is used to connect with the material receiving part of the granulation component 2. The connection position between the second conveying pipe 15 and the first conveying pipe 12 is located on the side where the first extension shaft 16 is set. The feeding component 1 also includes an ice shaver 18, the ice outlet of which is connected to a third conveying pipe 17, and the end of the third conveying pipe 17 away from the ice shaver 18 is connected to the material receiving part of the granulation component 2. The outer walls of the first conveying pipe 12 extending out of the raw material box 11, the outer walls of the second conveying pipe 15, and the outer walls of the third conveying pipe 17 are respectively provided with heat insulation layers; The raw material box 11 is externally connected to a first circulating cold air refrigeration unit 118.

[0032] The feeding component 1 adopts a screw feeding structure with a first feeding screw 13 and a first conveying pipe 12, which can realize quantitative, stable and accurate conveying of the material to be granulated, avoid material blockage and bridging during the conveying process, and ensure the controllability of the feeding amount, laying the foundation for uniform molding in the subsequent granulation process.

[0033] The addition of an ice shaving machine 18 and a third conveying pipe 17 allows for the synchronous delivery of ice crystals to the granulation unit 2. This not only further reduces the temperature of the mixed materials and enhances the maintenance of the low-temperature environment below the eutectic point, but also allows the ice crystals to sublimate during the subsequent freeze-drying process, forming additional pores inside the granules and further optimizing the rapid dissolution performance of the granular fertilizer.

[0034] The outer walls of the first conveying pipe 12, the second conveying pipe 15, and the third conveying pipe 17 are all equipped with insulation layers. The raw material box 11 is connected to the first circulating cold air refrigeration unit 118, which realizes low temperature insulation and active cooling from the initial stage of material conveying, reduces cold loss, and ensures that the material to be granulated is in a low temperature state throughout the feeding stage.

[0035] The first rotating sealing ring not only ensures the sealing effect between the first extension shaft 16 and the first feed pipe 12, preventing external hot air from entering the feed pipe through the gap and disrupting the low-temperature environment, but also reduces the frictional resistance when the shaft rotates, ensuring the smooth rotation of the first feed screw 13, thus balancing the sealing performance and operational stability of the device.

[0036] The connection point between the second conveying pipe 15 and the first conveying pipe 12 is located on the side of the first extension shaft 16, which is adapted to the material pushing direction of the screw feeder, so that the material can smoothly enter the second conveying pipe 15 under the thrust of the screw, and avoid the material from stagnating or clumping at the connection point.

[0037] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 5-6The granulation component 2 includes a cylindrical feeding shell 21 arranged laterally with one end open and the other end closed. At least two second feeding screws 22 are arranged laterally inside the feeding shell 21. Each second feeding screw 22 is connected to a first cryogenic servo motor 23 for driving the second feeding screw 22 to rotate. Multiple first cryogenic servo motors 23 are arranged at the same end and located at the closed end of the feeding shell 21. A cylindrical discharge cylinder 29 is wound around the open end of the feeding shell 21. The extension direction of the discharge cylinder 29 is in the same direction as the extension direction of the feeding shell 21. A sealing plate 25 is provided on the side of the discharge cylinder 29 away from the feeding shell 21 for sealing the side of the discharge cylinder 29 away from the feeding shell 21. The end of the second feeding screw 22 away from the first cryogenic servo motor 23 is rotatably connected to the sealing plate 25. Multiple discharge groups are evenly distributed around the discharge cylinder 29. Each discharge group consists of multiple discharge holes that are spaced apart in the same direction. The discharge holes penetrate the discharge cylinder 29 vertically, and the distribution direction of the multiple discharge holes is the same as the extension direction of the feeding shell 21. The pelletizing component 2 also includes a pelletizing assembly, which produces pre-processed pellets. The pelletizing assembly includes a pelletizing box 24, which is fitted outside the feeding shell 21 and covers the discharge cylinder 29 and the sealing plate 25 inside. The pelletizing box 24 is used to isolate the discharge cylinder 29 and the sealing plate 25 from the outside. The pelletizing assembly also includes a support arm 27 that rotates around the sealing plate 25. The support arm 27 is provided with two cutting blades 28, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the discharge cylinder 29 and slide in contact with the discharge cylinder 29. The pelletizing box 24 is provided with a second cryogenic servo motor 26 for driving the support arm 27 to rotate. The lower wall of the pelletizing box 24 is formed with a discharge port, which is located below the discharge cylinder 29 so that the initial pellets fall toward the discharge port. The outer wall of the pelletizing box 24 is provided with a first conveying connection pipe 210, which sleeves the discharge port inside and is used to guide the cut-off pre-processed particles into the temporary storage component 3. The upper side wall of the feeding shell 21 is vertically connected to the feed pipe 214. The end of the feed pipe 214 away from the feeding shell 21 is a closed end. The feed pipe 214 is connected to the end of the second feed pipe 15 away from the first feed pipe 12 and the end of the third feed pipe 17 away from the ice shaver 18.

[0038] The pelletizing component 2 adopts a structure with at least two second feeding screws 22 and a transverse feeding shell 21, driven by a first ultra-low temperature servo motor 23. The multi-screw rotation in the same direction can fully mix, compress and plasticize the mixture of material and ice crystals, making the material more formable. The resulting primary pellets have a uniform structure and moderate density, avoiding the problem of easy breakage after pelleting due to uneven mixing.

[0039] The first ultra-low temperature servo motor 23 is adapted to low temperature working environments below the eutectic point. It can output power stably and operate without faults at low temperatures, solving the problems of difficult start-stop and low transmission efficiency of ordinary motors at low temperatures, and ensuring the normal operation of the granulation component 2 in low temperature environments.

[0040] Multiple sets of discharge groups are evenly arranged around the discharge cylinder 29. Each set consists of multiple discharge holes spaced in the same direction, which realizes the simultaneous extrusion of multiple rows of materials and greatly improves the granulation efficiency. The discharge holes penetrate the discharge cylinder 29 vertically and are adapted to the extrusion and pushing direction of the material, so that the material is extruded smoothly without stagnation or sticking to the wall.

[0041] The pelletizing assembly adopts a structure in which two cutting blades 28 are symmetrically arranged and slide in contact with the discharge cylinder 29. The second ultra-low temperature servo motor 26 drives the support arm 27 to rotate around the closed plate 25. The cutting precision is high, which makes the produced initial pellets uniform in size, burr-free, and with flat end faces, avoiding uneven heating in the subsequent drying process due to uneven cutting. At the same time, the cutting speed can be flexibly adjusted with the discharge speed to adapt to the preparation needs of different specifications of granular fertilizer.

[0042] The pelletizing box 24 completely covers and isolates the discharge cylinder 29 and the sealing plate 25, achieving full enclosure of the pelletizing process and preventing external hot air from entering and damaging the low-temperature environment. At the same time, it can effectively collect the pre-processed pellets after cutting, avoiding pellet scattering and contamination. The pre-processed pellets are accurately introduced into the temporary storage component 3 through the discharge port and the first conveying connection pipe 210, achieving seamless connection between the pelletizing and temporary storage processes.

[0043] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 7 The temporary storage component 3 includes a storage box 31. The lower part of the storage box 31 is bucket-shaped. One end of the first conveying connecting pipe 210, which is away from the pelletizing box 24, passes through the top surface of the storage box 31 and is connected to the inside of the storage box 31. A second conveying connecting pipe 32 for introducing the initial particles located in the storage box 31 into the vacuum drying component 4 is provided through the bottom of the storage box 31. The second material conveying connecting pipe 32 is provided with a guide funnel 33 with the funnel neck facing downward. The outer edge of the funnel opening of the guide funnel 33 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second material conveying connecting pipe 32. The funnel neck of the guide funnel 33 is connected to an inclined discharge pipe 34 at the end of the pipe away from the storage box 31. The discharge pipe 34 is inclined towards the side away from the storage box 31 and the discharge pipe 34 is located on a cover plate 36. A first hydraulic cylinder 37 is hinged to the side of the cover plate 36 away from the discharge pipe 34. The first hydraulic cylinder 37 is used to drive the cover plate 36 to close and open the discharge pipe 34. The storage bin 31 is equipped with a third cryogenic servo motor 39. The output shaft of the third cryogenic servo motor 39 is connected to a third extension shaft 312. The third extension shaft 312 is provided with a third feeding screw 38 on the side away from the third cryogenic servo motor 39. The third feeding screw 38 is rotatably installed in the funnel neck of the guide funnel 33. The side of the third cryogenic servo motor 39 away from the third feeding screw 38 is fixed with a baffle top 310. The baffle top 310 is provided with first fixed crossbars 311 on both sides that are connected to the inner wall of the storage bin 31. The storage bin 31 is externally connected to a second circulating cold air refrigeration unit 315; the outer wall of the discharge pipe 34 is provided with a first waterproof vibration motor 35.

[0044] The lower part of the storage bin 31 of the temporary storage component 3 is designed as a bucket-shaped structure, which uses gravity to make the initial particles naturally gather to the bottom, avoiding the accumulation and bridging of particles in the storage bin 31, ensuring smooth material discharge, and reducing structural damage caused by the accumulation and pressure of particles.

[0045] The feeding funnel 33 is located inside the second feeding connection pipe 32 to precisely guide the pre-processed particles, so that the particles can smoothly enter the discharge pipe 34 along the neck of the funnel, avoiding the particles from sticking or blocking in the second feeding connection pipe 32, and ensuring the continuity of feeding from the temporary storage component 3 to the vacuum drying component 4.

[0046] The third feeding screw 38 is located in the neck of the guide funnel 33 and is driven by the third cryogenic servo motor 39. It realizes quantitative, low-speed and stable conveying of the initial granules, accurately matches the feeding rhythm of the vacuum drying component 4, avoids excessive feeding and material accumulation in the drying chamber 41, and ensures the drying effect. At the same time, the cryogenic servo motor is adapted to the low temperature environment and ensures the stable operation of the feeding structure.

[0047] The discharge pipe 34 is equipped with a cover plate 36 and is driven to open / close by the first hydraulic cylinder 37. This can precisely control the start and stop of the discharge of the temporary storage component 3, and realize the flexible switching between the sealed temporary storage of the initial granules and the quantitative feeding. At the same time, the sealing effect of the cover plate 36 can prevent external hot air from entering the storage box 31 and maintain the low temperature environment inside the box.

[0048] The material stop 310, in conjunction with the first fixed crossbar 311, can effectively prevent the initial particles from accumulating at the third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39, avoiding poor heat dissipation or rotation jamming caused by the material squeezing or wrapping the motor, ensuring the normal operation of the motor and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0049] The storage bin 31 is connected to a second circulating cold air refrigeration unit 315, which realizes active secondary refrigeration in the temporary storage stage, further maintaining the temperature of the primary granules below the eutectic point, and preventing the ice crystals of the primary granules from melting and causing the primary granules to agglomerate.

[0050] The outer wall of the discharge pipe 34 is equipped with a first waterproof vibration motor 35, which effectively prevents the primary granules from sticking and clumping in the discharge pipe 34 through micro-vibration, ensuring smooth feeding. At the same time, the vibration amplitude is controllable, avoiding damage to the structure of the primary granules due to excessive vibration.

[0051] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 8-10 The vacuum drying component 4 includes a drying chamber 41, a vacuum system, a cold trap, a heating system, and a control system; the end of the second material conveying connecting pipe 32 facing away from the storage box 31 is connected to the inside of the drying chamber 41. The vacuum system is used to provide and maintain the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber 41, while simultaneously removing non-condensable gases from the drying chamber 41; the cold trap is used to capture the water vapor generated by the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber 41; the heating system is used to provide the heat required for the sublimation drying and desorption drying of the primary particles in the drying chamber 41; the control system is used to control the temperature, vacuum level, and time of the freeze-drying process. The heating system includes a freeze-drying frame 48 with openings at the top and bottom, and a first material tray group and a second material tray group are provided inside the freeze-drying frame 48. The first material tray assembly includes multiple first material trays 42 arranged horizontally, two parallel first support rods 44 fixed vertically to the top wall of the drying chamber 41, and two parallel second support rods 45 arranged vertically. The multiple first material trays 42 are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber. The two first support rods 44 are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple first material trays 42, and each first material tray 42 is rotatably connected to the first support rod 44 on both sides. The two second support rods 45 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple first material trays 42, and each first material tray 42 is rotatably connected to the second support rod 45 on both sides. The second material tray assembly includes multiple second material trays 43 arranged horizontally, two parallel vertically fixed third support rods 46 and two parallel vertically arranged fourth support rods 47; the multiple second material trays 43 are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber, and the two third support rods 46 are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple second material trays 43, with each second material tray 43 having a corresponding rotatable connection between its two sides and the third support rod 46; the two fourth support rods 47 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple second material trays 43, and each second material tray 43 has a corresponding rotatable connection between its two sides and the fourth support rod 47. The first support rod 44, the second support rod 45, the third support rod 46 and the fourth support rod 47 are arranged on the same side, and the first support rod 44, the second support rod 45, the third support rod 46 and the fourth support rod 47 are arranged in the following order in the lateral distribution direction within the drying oven 41: second support rod 45, first support rod 44, third support rod 46 and fourth support rod 47. The first material tray 42 and the second material tray 43 have the same structure. The length direction of the first material tray 42 and the length direction of the second material tray 43 are in the same direction, and the length side of the first material tray 42 and the length side of the second material tray 43 are on the same vertical plane. Multiple first material trays 42 and multiple second material trays 43 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and staggered arrangement, and two-thirds of the positions of the first material tray 42 and the second material tray 43 overlap. The first material tray 42 and the second material tray 43 are initially in a relatively inclined state. The topmost first material tray 42 is located above the topmost second material tray 43, and the topmost first material tray 42 is located below the opening of the discharge pipe 34. The upper ends of the two second support rods 45 are connected to the first crossbar 49, and the upper ends of the two fourth support rods 47 are connected to the second crossbar 410. A waterproof servo motor is provided on the top wall inside the drying oven 41. Two coils of wire are connected to the output shaft of the waterproof servo motor. Each coil spool 412 is wound with a rope. The ropes of the two coil spools 412 are connected one-to-one to the first crossbar 49 and the second crossbar 410. The waterproof servo motor drives the two coil spools 412 to rotate so as to pull the first crossbar 49 and the second crossbar 410 through the rope, so as to realize the first material tray 42 flipping around the connection point between the first support rods 44 and the second material tray flipping around the connection point between the third support rods 46. The freeze-drying frame 48 has a bottom plate 414 for closing the bottom opening of the freeze-drying frame 48. A second hydraulic cylinder 413 is hinged to the side of the bottom plate 414 away from the freeze-drying frame 48. The second hydraulic cylinder 413 is fixed to the inner wall of the drying chamber 41. The second hydraulic cylinder 413 is used to drive the bottom plate 414 to rotate and open and close the bottom opening of the freeze-drying frame 48. A weight sensor is provided on the bottom plate 414 for detecting the weight of the upper side of the bottom plate 414. The weight sensor is linked and controlled with the first hydraulic cylinder 37 and the third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39. Electric heating wires are distributed on the bottom of each first material tray 42, the bottom of each second material tray 43, and the bottom surface of the base plate 414; anti-slip strips are distributed on each first material tray 42 and each second material tray 43.

[0052] This system achieves automated material spreading and drying without human intervention. When receiving materials, the first material tray 42 is tilted 10-25° toward the second material tray 43, and the second material tray 43 is tilted 10-25° toward the first material tray 42. The material falls from the top first material tray 42 and automatically flows to the next second material tray 43 along the tilt direction. This sequentially achieves layered support for all the first and second material trays, completely replacing manual material spreading operations, significantly reducing labor costs, and realizing integrated production.

[0053] A waterproof servo motor drives the first and second material trays to sway back and forth at a small angle. Combined with the tray tilting structure, the material can be quickly spread out and formed into a uniform thin layer on the tray. This ensures that each particle can fully contact the heat and vacuum environment, avoiding localized insufficient drying and excessive moisture content caused by material accumulation. This significantly improves drying uniformity and the stability of finished product quality.

[0054] The weight sensor on the base plate 414 forms an automated linkage control with the first hydraulic cylinder 37 and the third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39. When the weight of the material in the drying chamber 41 is detected to exceed the preset threshold, the first hydraulic cylinder 37 immediately drives the cover plate 36 to close the discharge pipe 34, and the third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39 stops feeding. This accurately controls the amount of material loaded in the drying chamber 41, avoiding overloading of the tray and accumulation of material due to excessive feeding, or underfeeding causing the equipment to idle and waste energy, thus achieving precise matching between feeding and drying.

[0055] The anti-slip strips on the tray increase the friction between the material and the tray surface, effectively preventing the material from sliding and accumulating during inclined flow and small-angle shaking. This ensures that the material is always evenly spread on the tray, while avoiding structural damage caused by sliding and collision, thus guaranteeing the integrity of the initial granules and laying the foundation for the subsequent formation of a porous, fast-dissolving structure.

[0056] The raised baffles installed in the width direction of the first and second material pallets can effectively prevent materials from spilling out from both sides of the pallets during the process of material tilting, shaking, spreading and turning, thus avoiding material waste. At the same time, it can prevent spilled materials from sticking to the inner wall of the equipment, making cleaning difficult, ensuring a clean internal environment of the device and reducing maintenance costs.

[0057] The rotating connection structure between the tray and the support rod has three functions: material receiving, spreading, and dumping. In the receiving stage, the material flow is guided by the tilt angle. In the spreading stage, the material is evenly distributed by shaking at a small angle. After drying, the tray can be rotated significantly by a waterproof servo motor to quickly dump the finished granular fertilizer to the discharge area. This achieves full automation of the "spreading-drying-discharging" process without the need for manual unloading, further improving production efficiency and meeting the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0058] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 2-4 The feeding component 1 further includes a stirring assembly, which includes an annular support block 110 fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of one end of the first feeding pipe 12 located inside the raw material box 11. A rotating cylinder 19 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe 12, and the rotating cylinder 19 is located inside the raw material box 11. Two vertically symmetrical support ring plates 111 are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 19. The two support ring plates 111 are rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe 12, and the two support ring plates 111 clamp the annular support block 110 inside, and the two support ring plates 111 and the annular support block 110 slide and rub against each other. The outer wall of the rotating cylinder 19 is provided with a plurality of protruding teeth 112. The protruding teeth 112 are located on the side of the rotating cylinder 19 near the top wall of the raw material box 11. The top wall of the raw material box 11 is provided with a second extension shaft 113. The connection between the second extension shaft 113 and the raw material box 11 is rotatably connected by a second rotating sealing ring. One end of the second extension shaft 113 extending out of the raw material box 11 is connected to a second servo motor 115 for driving the second extension shaft 113 to rotate. One end of the second extension shaft 113 located inside the raw material box 11 is provided with a gear 114 that meshes with the protruding teeth 112. The inner wall of the rotating cylinder 19 is provided with a plurality of support blocks 117 for sliding contact with the outer wall of the first conveying pipe 12, and the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 19 is provided with horizontally arranged stirring rods 116.

[0059] The second servo motor 115 drives the rotating drum 19 and the stirring rod 116 on the outer wall to rotate, which can fully stir and disperse the material to be granulated in the raw material box 11, effectively prevent the material from clumping, ensure the uniformity of the material, and make the material and any added auxiliary materials mix more evenly, laying the foundation for the uniform forming of subsequent granulation.

[0060] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 6Each of the discharge groups is provided with a hole manufacturing component. The hole manufacturing component includes a hole-making rod 212 respectively disposed in each discharge hole. The hole-making rod 212 is located at the center of the discharge hole, and the extension direction of the hole-making rod 212 is in the same direction as the extension direction of the discharge hole. The ends of the hole-making rods 212 near the inner wall of the discharge cylinder 29 are connected to a fixing rod 211. The two ends of the fixing rod 211 are respectively fixed to the feeding shell 21 and the sealing plate 25. The pelletizing box 24 is equipped with a guide plate 213 for guiding the initial pellets toward the discharge port.

[0061] A hole-forming rod 212 is provided in the center of each discharge hole. The hole-forming rod 212 extends in the same direction as the discharge hole. When the material is extruded from the discharge hole, the hole-forming rod 212 will form an axial through hole in the center of the particle, making the initial particle hollow. The through hole will further expand as the ice crystals sublimate during the subsequent freeze-drying process, forming an internally and externally connected through-hole structure, which greatly improves the solubility of the granular fertilizer. At the same time, the through hole can make it easier for heat to be transferred to the inside of the particle during the drying process, shortening the drying time and improving the drying efficiency.

[0062] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 7 A concentric sleeve 314 is fitted on the third extension shaft 312, and a second fixed crossbar 313 connected to the inner wall of the storage box 31 is symmetrically provided on both sides of the concentric sleeve 314.

[0063] The concentric sleeve 314 is fitted onto the third extension shaft 312 and fixed in conjunction with the second fixed crossbar 313, providing coaxial radial support for the third extension shaft 312. This ensures the coaxiality of the third extension shaft 312 during rotation, prevents the third feeding screw 38 from rotating eccentrically due to shaft wobbling, prevents friction and jamming between the screw and the inner wall of the guide funnel 33, reduces component wear, and extends the service life of the screw and funnel.

[0064] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-10 The outer walls of the raw material box 11, the feed pipe 214, the feeding shell 21, the pelletizing box 24, the storage box 31, and the drying box 41 are respectively covered with a heat insulation layer.

[0065] The insulation layer and the sealing structure of each component form a double low-temperature protection, which further enhances the maintenance effect of the low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process, making the device more adaptable to the ambient temperature and able to operate stably even in high-temperature production environments, thus improving the environmental adaptability of the device.

[0066] This invention also proposes a method for preparing a fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, using the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer preparation apparatus described in any one of the above-mentioned methods. The method for preparing the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer includes the following steps: S1. Start the first circulating cold air refrigeration unit 118 to cool the material to be granulated in the raw material box 11 to below the eutectic point, and at the same time start the ice shaver 18 to prepare ice crystals; drive the first feeding screw 13 through the first servo motor 14 to transport the low temperature material to be granulated in the raw material box 11 to the feed pipe 214 of the granulation component 2 through the first feed pipe 12 and the second feed pipe 15, and simultaneously transport the ice crystals to the feed pipe 214 through the third feed pipe 17; S2. Start the first cryogenic servo motor 23 to drive at least two second feeding screws 22 to rotate, extruding, blending and plasticizing the cryogenic material and ice crystal mixture input by the feed pipe 214. The mixture is pushed to the discharge cylinder 29 through the feeding shell 21 and extruded through the discharge hole on the discharge cylinder 29. At the same time, the hole-making rod 212 in the discharge hole forms an axial through hole in the center of the extruded material. Start the second cryogenic servo motor 26 to drive the support arm 27 and the symmetrically arranged cutting blades 28 to rotate around the discharge cylinder 29, cutting the extruded material into primary granules with axial through holes. The primary granules are guided to the first conveying connection pipe 210 through the guide plate 213 in the pelletizing box 24. S3. The initial granules enter the storage box 31 through the first conveying connection pipe 210. The second circulating cold air refrigeration unit 315 is started to maintain the low temperature environment below the eutectic point in the storage box 31. The third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39 is started to drive the third feeding screw 38 to convey the initial granules in the storage box 31 to the vacuum drying unit 4 through the guide funnel 33 and the discharge pipe 34. At the same time, the first waterproof vibration motor 35 on the outer wall of the discharge pipe 34 is started to prevent the granules from sticking together. S4 Automated Material Laying and Vacuum Freeze Drying: S41. Adjust the first material tray 42 in the vacuum drying component 4 to tilt towards the second material tray 43 by 10-25°, and the second material tray 43 to tilt towards the first material tray 42 by 10-25°. The initial granules fall from the discharge pipe 34 to the top first material tray 42 and flow down to the next second material tray 43 in sequence along the tilt direction until all the first material trays 42 and the second material trays 43 are carrying materials. S42. Start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first crossbar 49 and the second crossbar 410, so that the first material tray 42 and the second material tray 43 swing back and forth at a small angle. The anti-slip strips on the trays increase the friction and spread the material evenly into a thin layer. At the same time, the raised baffle in the width direction of the trays prevents the material from spilling. S43. When the weight sensor on the bottom plate 414 detects that the weight of the material in the drying chamber 41 exceeds the preset threshold, the first hydraulic cylinder 37 is triggered to drive the cover plate 36 to close the discharge pipe 34. At the same time, the third ultra-low temperature servo motor 39 stops rotating and stops feeding. S44. Start the vacuum system to evacuate the drying chamber 41 to the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the initial particles, start the cold trap to capture the water vapor generated by sublimation in the drying chamber 41, start the heating system to heat the electric heating wires on the first material tray 42, the second material tray 43 and the bottom plate 414 to provide the heat required for sublimation drying and desorption drying of the material, and adjust the temperature, vacuum degree and drying time through the control system to make the ice crystals in the material sublimate to form a porous structure, while maintaining the activity of microorganisms. S5. After drying, shut down the vacuum system, cold trap and heating system, start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first material tray 42 and the second material tray 43 to flip, and pour the finished granular fertilizer under the freeze-drying frame 48; start the second hydraulic cylinder 413 to drive the bottom plate 414 to rotate and open the lower opening of the freeze-drying frame 48, and collect the finished granular fertilizer through the discharge channel to complete the preparation of the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer.

[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made under the concept of the present invention using the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes a feeding component, a granulation component, a temporary storage component, and a vacuum drying component connected in series. Each component is sealed and connected to maintain the material in a low-temperature environment below the eutectic point throughout the process. The feeding component is used to transport the material to be granulated, which is below the eutectic point, into the granulation component; The granulation component is used to receive the material to be granulated and granulate it to form preliminary granules; The temporary storage component is used to receive the initial granules produced by the granulation component, store and cool the initial granules, and also to transport the stored initial granules into the vacuum drying component. The vacuum drying component is used to receive the pre-processed granules conveyed by the temporary storage component and to perform vacuum drying on the pre-processed granules to finally form granular fertilizer product.

2. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding component includes a raw material box, and a first conveying pipe is vertically provided inside the raw material box, penetrating the top wall of the raw material box. The end of the first conveying pipe extending out of the raw material box is a closed end, and the end inside the raw material box is an open end. A first feeding screw is rotatably provided inside the first feeding pipe. One end of the first feeding screw extends from the open end of the first feeding pipe, and the other end is provided with a first extension shaft. The end of the first extension shaft away from the first feeding screw passes through the closed end of the first feeding pipe. A first rotating sealing ring is provided between the first extension shaft and the first feeding pipe. The end of the first extension shaft extending out of the first feeding pipe is connected to a first servo motor for driving the first extension shaft to rotate. The first conveying pipe is connected to a second conveying pipe on the pipe wall at one end outside the raw material box. The second conveying pipe is used to connect with the material receiving part of the granulation component. The connection position between the second conveying pipe and the first conveying pipe is located on the side where the first extension shaft is set. The feeding component also includes an ice shaver, the ice outlet of which is connected to a third conveying pipe, and the end of the third conveying pipe opposite to the ice shaver is connected to the material receiving part of the granulation component. The outer walls of the first conveying pipe extending out of the raw material box, the outer walls of the second conveying pipe, and the outer walls of the third conveying pipe are respectively provided with heat insulation layers; The raw material box is connected to a first circulating cold air refrigeration unit.

3. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The granulation component includes a cylindrical feeding shell arranged laterally with one open end and one closed end. At least two second feeding screws are arranged laterally inside the feeding shell. Each second feeding screw is connected to a first cryogenic servo motor for driving the second feeding screw to rotate. Multiple first cryogenic servo motors are arranged at the same end and located at the closed end of the feeding shell. A cylindrical discharge cylinder is wound around the open end of the feeding shell. The extension direction of the discharge cylinder is in the same direction as the extension direction of the feeding shell. A sealing plate is provided on the side of the discharge cylinder away from the feeding shell for sealing the side of the discharge cylinder away from the feeding shell. The end of the second feeding screw away from the first cryogenic servo motor is rotatably connected to the sealing plate. Multiple discharge groups are evenly distributed around the discharge cylinder. Each discharge group consists of multiple discharge holes that are spaced apart in the same direction. The discharge holes penetrate the discharge cylinder vertically, and the distribution direction of the multiple discharge holes is the same as the extension direction of the feeding shell. The pelletizing component also includes a pelletizing assembly, which produces pre-processed pellets. The pelletizing assembly includes a pelletizing box, which is fitted outside the feeding shell and houses the discharge cylinder and the sealing plate inside. The pelletizing box is used to isolate the discharge cylinder and the sealing plate from the outside. The pelletizing assembly also includes a support arm that rotates around the sealing plate. The support arm is equipped with two cutting blades, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the discharge cylinder and slide in contact with the discharge cylinder. The pelletizing box is equipped with a second cryogenic servo motor for driving the support arm to rotate. The lower wall of the pelletizing box is formed with a discharge port, which is located below the discharge cylinder so that the initial pellets fall toward the discharge port; The outer wall of the pelletizing box is provided with a first conveying connection pipe, which sleeves the discharge port inside and is used to guide the cut-off pre-processed pellets into the temporary storage component. The upper side wall of the feeding shell is vertically connected to a feeding pipe. The end of the feeding pipe away from the feeding shell is a closed end. The feeding pipe is connected to the end of the second feeding pipe away from the first feeding pipe and the end of the third feeding pipe away from the ice shaver.

4. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temporary storage component includes a storage box, the lower part of which is bucket-shaped. One end of the first conveying connecting pipe, which is away from the pelletizing box, passes through the top surface of the storage box and is connected to the inside of the storage box. A second conveying connecting pipe is provided through the bottom of the storage box for introducing the pre-processed particles located in the storage box into the vacuum drying component. The second material conveying connecting pipe is provided with a guide funnel with the funnel neck facing downwards. The outer edge of the funnel opening is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second material conveying connecting pipe. An inclined discharge pipe is connected to the end of the funnel neck of the guide funnel away from the storage box. The discharge pipe opening is inclined towards the side away from the storage box, and the discharge pipe opening is located on a cover plate. A first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the side of the cover plate away from the discharge pipe. The first hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the cover plate to close and open the discharge pipe opening. The storage box is equipped with a third cryogenic servo motor. The output shaft of the third cryogenic servo motor is connected to a third extension shaft. A third feeding screw is provided on the side of the third extension shaft away from the third cryogenic servo motor. The third feeding screw is rotatably installed in the neck of the guide funnel. A baffle is fixed on the side of the third cryogenic servo motor away from the third feeding screw. A first fixed crossbar connected to the inner wall of the storage box is provided on both sides of the baffle. The storage bin is connected to a second circulating cold air refrigeration unit; the outer wall of the discharge pipe is equipped with a first waterproof vibration motor.

5. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vacuum drying component includes a drying chamber, a vacuum system, a cold trap, a heating system, and a control system; the end of the second material conveying connecting pipe opposite to the storage tank is connected to the inside of the drying chamber; The vacuum system is used to provide and maintain the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber, while simultaneously removing non-condensable gases from the drying chamber; the cold trap is used to capture the water vapor generated by the sublimation of the primary particles in the drying chamber; the heating system is used to provide the heat required for the sublimation drying and desorption drying of the primary particles in the drying chamber; the control system is used to control the temperature, vacuum level, and time of the freeze-drying process. The heating system includes a freeze-drying frame with openings at the top and bottom, and a first material tray group and a second material tray group are provided inside the freeze-drying frame; The first material tray assembly includes multiple first material trays arranged horizontally, two parallel vertical first support rods fixed to the top wall of the drying chamber, and two parallel vertical second support rods. The multiple first material trays are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber, and the two first support rods are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple first material trays. Each first material tray is rotatably connected to the first support rod on both sides. The two second support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple first material trays, and each first material tray is rotatably connected to the second support rod on both sides. The second material tray assembly includes multiple second material trays arranged horizontally, two parallel vertical third support rods fixed to the top wall of the drying chamber, and two parallel vertical fourth support rods. The multiple second material trays are vertically arrayed inside the freeze-drying chamber. The two third support rods are vertically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle of the multiple second material trays, and each second material tray is rotatably connected to a third support rod on both sides. The two fourth support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ends of the multiple second material trays, and each second material tray is rotatably connected to a fourth support rod on both sides. The first support rod, the second support rod, the third support rod, and the fourth support rod are arranged on the same side, and the first support rod, the second support rod, the third support rod, and the fourth support rod are arranged in the following order in the lateral distribution direction inside the drying oven: second support rod, first support rod, third support rod, and fourth support rod. The first material tray and the second material tray have the same structure. The length direction of the first material tray and the length direction of the second material tray are in the same direction, and the length side of the first material tray and the length side of the second material tray are on the same vertical plane. Multiple first material trays and multiple second material trays are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and staggered arrangement, and two-thirds of the positions of the first material tray and the second material tray overlap. The first material tray and the second material tray are initially in a relatively tilted state. The topmost first material tray is located above the topmost second material tray, and the topmost first material tray is located below the outlet of the discharge pipe; The upper ends of the two second support rods are connected to a first crossbar, and the upper ends of the two fourth support rods are connected to a second crossbar. A waterproof servo motor is installed on the top wall inside the drying oven. Two coils of wire are connected to the output shaft of the waterproof servo motor. Each coil is wound with a rope. The ropes of the two coils are connected to the first crossbar and the second crossbar respectively. The waterproof servo motor drives the two coils to rotate so as to pull the first crossbar and the second crossbar through the rope, so as to realize the first material tray flipping around the connection point between the first support rods and the second material tray flipping around the connection point between the third support rods. The freeze-drying frame has a bottom plate for closing the bottom opening. A second hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the side of the bottom plate away from the freeze-drying frame. The second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the drying chamber. The second hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the bottom plate to rotate and open and close the bottom opening of the freeze-drying frame. The bottom plate is equipped with a weight sensor for detecting the weight on the upper side of the bottom plate. The weight sensor is linked and controlled with the first hydraulic cylinder and the third ultra-low temperature servo motor. Electric heating wires are distributed on the bottom of each first material tray, the bottom of each second material tray, and the bottom surface of the base plate; anti-slip strips are distributed on each first material tray and each second material tray.

6. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding component also includes a stirring assembly, which includes an annular support block fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe located inside the raw material box. A rotating cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe. The rotating cylinder is located inside the raw material box. Two support ring plates are vertically symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder. The two support ring plates are rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the first feeding pipe. The two support ring plates clamp the annular support block inside, and the two support ring plates and the annular support block are in sliding frictional engagement. Multiple protruding teeth are arranged around the outer wall of the rotating cylinder. The protruding teeth are located on the side of the rotating cylinder near the top wall of the raw material box. A second extension shaft is provided through the top wall of the raw material box. The connection between the second extension shaft and the raw material box is rotatably connected by a second rotating sealing ring. A second servo motor for driving the second extension shaft to rotate is connected to the end of the second extension shaft extending out of the raw material box. A gear that meshes with the protruding teeth is provided at the end of the second extension shaft located inside the raw material box. The inner wall of the rotating cylinder is provided with a plurality of support blocks for sliding contact with the outer wall of the first conveying pipe, and the outer wall of the rotating cylinder is provided with horizontally arranged stirring rods.

7. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the discharge groups is provided with a hole manufacturing component. The hole manufacturing component includes a hole-making rod disposed in each discharge hole. The hole-making rod is located at the center of the discharge hole, and the extension direction of the hole-making rod is in the same direction as the extension direction of the discharge hole. The ends of the multiple hole-making rods near the inner wall of the discharge cylinder are connected to a fixing rod. The two ends of the fixing rod are respectively fixed to the feeding shell and the sealing plate. The pelletizing box is equipped with a guide plate for guiding the initial pellets toward the discharge port.

8. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, A concentric sleeve is fitted on the third extension shaft, and second fixed crossbars connected to the inner wall of the storage box are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the concentric sleeve.

9. The apparatus for preparing fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer walls of the raw material box, feed pipe, feeding shell, pelletizing box, storage box and drying box are respectively covered with a heat insulation layer.

10. A method for preparing a fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer, characterized in that, Using the apparatus for preparing the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-9, the method for preparing the fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer includes the following steps: S1. Start the first circulating cold air refrigeration unit to cool the material to be granulated in the raw material box to below the eutectic point, and at the same time start the ice shaving machine to prepare ice crystals; drive the first feeding screw through the first servo motor to transport the low temperature material to be granulated in the raw material box to the feed pipe of the granulation unit through the first feed pipe and the second feed pipe, and simultaneously transport the ice crystals to the feed pipe through the third feed pipe. S2. Start the first cryogenic servo motor to drive at least two second feeding screws to rotate, extruding, blending and plasticizing the cryogenic material and ice crystal mixture input from the feed pipe. The mixture is pushed to the discharge cylinder through the feeding shell and extruded through the discharge hole on the discharge cylinder. At the same time, the hole-forming rod in the discharge hole forms an axial through hole in the center of the extruded material. Start the second cryogenic servo motor to drive the support arm and symmetrically arranged cutting blades to rotate around the discharge cylinder, cutting the extruded material into primary granules with axial through holes. The primary granules are guided to the first conveying connection pipe by the guide plate in the pelletizing box. S3. The primary granules enter the storage box through the first conveying connection pipe. The second circulating cold air refrigeration unit is started to maintain the low temperature environment below the eutectic point in the storage box. The third ultra-low temperature servo motor is started to drive the third feeding screw to convey the primary granules in the storage box to the vacuum drying component through the guide funnel and the discharge pipe. At the same time, the first waterproof vibration motor on the outer wall of the discharge pipe is started to prevent the granules from sticking together. S4 Automated Material Laying and Vacuum Freeze Drying: S41. Adjust the first material tray in the vacuum drying component to tilt towards the second material tray by 10-25°, and the second material tray to tilt towards the first material tray by 10-25°. The initial granules fall from the discharge pipe to the top first material tray and flow down to the next second material tray in sequence along the tilt direction until all the first and second material trays are carrying materials. S42. Start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first crossbar and the second crossbar, so that the first material tray and the second material tray shake back and forth at a small angle. In conjunction with the anti-slip strips on the trays, the friction is increased, and the material is spread out into a uniform thin layer. At the same time, the raised baffle in the width direction of the tray prevents the material from spilling out. S43. When the weight sensor on the bottom plate detects that the weight of the material in the drying chamber exceeds the preset threshold, the first hydraulic cylinder is triggered to drive the cover plate to close the discharge pipe, and at the same time the third ultra-low temperature servo motor stops rotating and stops feeding. S44. Start the vacuum system to evacuate the drying chamber to the high vacuum environment required for the sublimation of the initial particles, start the cold trap to capture the water vapor generated by sublimation in the drying chamber, start the heating system to heat the electric heating wires on the first material tray, the second material tray and the bottom plate to provide the heat required for sublimation drying and desorption drying of the material, and adjust the temperature, vacuum degree and drying time through the control system to make the ice crystals in the material sublimate to form a porous structure, while maintaining the activity of microorganisms. S5. After drying, shut down the vacuum system, cold trap and heating system, start the waterproof servo motor to drive the first material tray and the second material tray to flip, and pour the finished granular fertilizer under the freeze-drying frame; start the second hydraulic cylinder to drive the bottom plate to rotate and open the lower opening of the freeze-drying frame, and collect the finished granular fertilizer through the discharge channel to complete the preparation of fast-dissolving microbial granular fertilizer.

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