Tunnel second lining formwork bottom end reinforcing device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and particularly to a device and method for reinforcing the bottom end of a tunnel secondary lining formwork. The reinforcement device includes: a tie rod connector for installation at the lower end of the sidewall formwork, positioned above a drainage hole, and having a vertical channel; a reinforcing rod partially inserted through the drainage hole, with a connecting structure at the portion outside the drainage hole; a tie rod capable of passing through the vertical channel, its lower end connected to the connecting structure, and its upper end protruding from the tie rod connector and having a threaded section; and a threaded screwing component capable of threadedly engaging with the threaded section of the tie rod, which can be screwed to compress the tie rod connector. The tunnel secondary lining formwork bottom end reinforcement device of this invention can apply a downward pulling force to the lower end of the sidewall formwork to resist the upward buoyancy of the sidewall formwork, thereby reinforcing the lower end of the sidewall formwork. It can also correct deformation and warping of the lower end of the sidewall formwork, reducing misalignment caused by deformation and warping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a device and method for reinforcing the bottom end of a tunnel secondary lining template. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of high-speed railway tunnel lining, the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel is usually constructed first. Then, short sidewalls are formed by pouring concrete along the edges of the invert arch. The secondary lining trolley is then moved to correspond to the short sidewalls so that the secondary lining sidewalls can be poured above the short sidewalls. Considering that a waterproof membrane is usually installed between the secondary lining and the initial support to prevent groundwater from seeping into the tunnel, groundwater seeping from the surrounding rock accumulates between the initial support and the waterproof membrane. To prevent the concrete lining from cracking and leaking due to long-term accumulation of groundwater, drainage holes that extend laterally and penetrate through the tunnel are usually installed on the short sidewalls during construction (e.g., Chinese patent with announcement number CN109989788B). The drainage holes are used to drain the water behind the lining to the drainage ditches or pipes on both sides of the tunnel.

[0003] In recent years, the issue of construction joint misalignment has received increasing attention from regulatory authorities, as excessive misalignment can affect project acceptance. For example, during the pouring of side walls, technicians have found that the longitudinal construction joints where the secondary lining trolley side wall formwork meets the lower low side wall, as well as the circumferential construction joints between the current secondary lining and the previous secondary lining, are prone to formwork misalignment. If not handled carefully, it can exceed the 4mm requirement stipulated in the existing inspection standards.

[0004] Technicians analyzed the causes of the misalignment and found that some of it was due to the floating of the secondary lining sidewall formwork during sidewall pouring. The formwork floated because the buoyancy force exerted by the concrete on the formwork exceeded its anti-buoyancy capacity. In current tunnel construction, the anti-buoyancy capacity of the sidewall formwork mainly comes from its own weight and the supporting force exerted by the trolley body on the formwork. In most cases, the floating amount of the sidewall formwork in the secondary lining trolley is small and does not affect normal construction. However, there are some special cases where the floating amount of the sidewall formwork is large. In these cases, the conventional solution is to install jacks between the arch formwork and the sidewall formwork of the secondary lining, or between the trolley body and the sidewall formwork, to apply pressure to the sidewall formwork to resist the buoyancy force. However, installing jacks involves modifying the formed secondary lining trolley, requiring the creation of space for jack installation and a connection structure, as well as the purchase of new jacks, making implementation quite complicated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a device and method for reinforcing the bottom of tunnel secondary lining formwork, which aims to at least partially solve the problem in the prior art where it is inconvenient to install jacks to prevent the sidewall formwork from floating.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bottom reinforcement device for a tunnel secondary lining template, for installation between a low sidewall and a sidewall template, wherein the sidewall template is a casting template for the sidewall above the low sidewall, and the low sidewall is provided with drainage holes extending laterally along the tunnel; the bottom reinforcement device for the tunnel secondary lining template includes:

[0007] A tie rod connector is used to be installed at the lower end of the side wall template. The tie rod connector is correspondingly installed above the drainage hole, and the tie rod connector is provided with a vertical channel. A reinforcing rod is used to partially pass through the drain hole, and the portion of the reinforcing rod outside the drain hole is provided with a connecting structure. A pull rod is capable of passing through the vertical channel. The lower end of the pull rod is connected to the connecting structure, and the upper end of the pull rod protrudes from the pull rod connector and is provided with a threaded section. A threaded screwing component is capable of engaging with the threaded section of the pull rod, and the threaded screwing component can be screwed to compress the pull rod connector.

[0008] In some embodiments, the pull rod is rotatably connected to the connecting structure, and the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the reinforcing rod.

[0009] In some embodiments, the connection structure includes two connecting plates spaced apart, the lower end of the pull rod extends between the two connecting plates, and the pull rod is connected to the connecting plates by a pin.

[0010] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rod includes a rod body and a first annular pad, the first annular pad being sleeved on the outside of the rod body and located inside the drain hole, the first annular pad being used to space the rod body from the side wall of the drain hole opening.

[0011] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rod includes a rod body and a second annular pad, the second annular pad being sleeved on the outside of the rod body, the second annular pad being located outside the drain hole and having the connecting structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the tie rod connector is fixedly connected to the side wall template.

[0013] In some embodiments, the tie rod connector is provided with a hook portion for hooking the longitudinal rib plate at the lower part of the side wall template, and the hook opening of the hook portion faces the reinforcing rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, a force-adding pad is provided between the threaded screw and the pull rod connector.

[0015] In some embodiments, the threaded screwing component includes a sleeve and a force-adjusting handle connected to each other. The sleeve has an internal thread adapted to the threaded section of the pull rod. The force-adjusting handle is located on the outside of the sleeve and is used to drive the sleeve to rotate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the sidewall template is provided with at least two tie rod connectors arranged longitudinally at intervals, and each tie rod connector is provided with a drain hole, a reinforcing rod, a tie rod and a threaded screw.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for reinforcing the bottom end of a tunnel secondary lining template, which utilizes drainage holes opened on the low sidewall to reinforce the sidewall template. The lower part of the sidewall template is provided with a tie rod connector, and the tie rod connector is provided with vertical channels. The method includes the following steps: Move the side wall template to the upper part of the low side wall so that the tie rod connector corresponds to the drain hole; The reinforcing rod is inserted into the drain hole, and the portion of the reinforcing rod outside the drain hole is provided with a connecting structure; The pull rod is inserted through the vertical channel and its lower end is connected to the connecting structure. The upper end of the pull rod protrudes from the pull rod connector and is threaded with a threaded screwing component. Tighten the threaded screw to reduce the distance between the threaded screw and the lower end of the pull rod, so that the threaded screw presses against the pull rod connector.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the threaded screw is tightened, the threaded screw is used to squeeze and push the tie rod connector and the lower end of the side wall template downward until the lower end of the side wall template moves to a predetermined height.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The tunnel secondary lining formwork bottom reinforcement device of this invention uses drainage holes formed on the low sidewall as the connecting part. By installing tie rod connectors, reinforcing rods, tie rods, and threaded tightening parts between the drainage holes and the sidewall formwork, sufficient downward pulling force can be applied to the lower end of the sidewall formwork to resist the upward buoyancy of the sidewall formwork and achieve the purpose of reinforcing the lower end of the sidewall formwork. At the same time, by setting a threaded section at the upper end of the tie rod and setting a threaded tightening part to cooperate with it, workers can easily tighten the tie rod connectors and reinforcing rods by tightening the threaded tightening part, which helps to reduce the height of the tunnel secondary lining formwork. The fastening is simple, and by further tightening the threaded parts, the tie rod connector can be pushed down, thereby causing the lower end of the connected side wall formwork to move down. This can not only be used to correct the deformation and warping of the lower end of the side wall formwork and reduce the misalignment caused by the deformation and warping of the side wall formwork, but also to achieve fine adjustment of the side wall formwork when it is not initially installed properly. The components of the present invention have low manufacturing or procurement costs and are simple to install. Compared with the existing technology of using jacks to resist the upward floating of the side wall formwork, the implementation difficulty is lower and it has good promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0021] Marked in the image: 1-Pull rod connector; 11-Vertical channel; 12-Hook part; 2-Reinforcing rod; 21- Rod body; 22- First annular pad; 23- Second annular pad; 3-Pull rod; 4-Threaded screw-on parts; 41-Sleeve; 42-Force adjustment handle; 5-Reinforcing pad; 6-Connection structure; 61-Connecting plate; 62-Pin shaft; 100-low side wall; 110 - Drain hole; 200-Sidewall formwork; 210 - Longitudinal rib. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but that it can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0026] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0027] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0028] The low sidewall 100 refers to the concrete structure between the tunnel invert and the secondary lining. It is usually formed by pouring a section upwards from the two sides of the invert after the invert construction at the bottom of the tunnel is completed. Its height is relatively short, usually from tens of centimeters to about one meter, and it is used to connect the tunnel bottom structure and the secondary lining sidewall. The low sidewall 100 is provided with drainage holes 110 that extend and penetrate along the tunnel laterally. The drainage holes 110 can be parallel to the horizontal plane or inclined relative to the horizontal plane. One end of the drainage hole 110 connects to the space between the initial support and the waterproof membrane, and the other end connects to the tunnel space, so as to drain the water accumulated between the initial support and the waterproof membrane into the tunnel, so as to prevent the continuous accumulation of water from causing the lining to crack. The drainage holes 110 can be formed during the pouring of the low sidewall 100. That is, PVC pipes and other molds are first arranged at the predetermined position of the low sidewall 100, and then the concrete of the low sidewall 100 is poured. The concrete is dispersed by the PVC pipes and other molds, and the drainage holes 110 are formed after the concrete solidifies.

[0029] The secondary lining trolley includes the trolley body and the secondary lining template. The secondary lining template is used to define the space for pouring secondary lining concrete. The secondary lining template includes side wall template 200 and arch template. The side wall template 200 corresponds to the side wall of the secondary lining, and the arch template corresponds to the arch of the secondary lining.

[0030] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] The first aspect of the present invention provides a bottom reinforcement device for tunnel secondary lining formwork, which is installed between the low sidewall 100 and the sidewall formwork 200. The device uses the drainage hole 110 on the low sidewall 100 to assist in the reinforcement of the sidewall formwork 200, thereby reducing the upward floating of the sidewall formwork 200 during sidewall pouring and reducing the probability of the sidewall formwork 200 running off the formwork.

[0032] The bottom end of the secondary lining template described in this embodiment is also the lower end of the side wall template 200.

[0033] Combination Figures 1 to 8 The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device includes a tie rod connector 1, a reinforcing rod 2, a tie rod 3, and a threaded screw fastener 4. The tie rod connector 1 is used to be installed at the lower end of the sidewall template 200. The reinforcing rod 2 is used to partially pass through the drainage hole 110. The tie rod 3 can pass through the tie rod connector 1 and its lower end is connected to the reinforcing rod 2. Its upper end is threadedly engaged with the threaded screw fastener 4. By screwing the threaded screw fastener 4, the threaded screw fastener 4 can be moved down along the tie rod 3, thereby tensioning and fixing the tie rod connector 1 and the reinforcing rod 2.

[0034] The connection between the tie rod connector 1 and the side wall formwork 200 can resist the tension applied by the tie rod 3 to the tie rod connector 1 along the direction of the tie rod 3, so that the tie rod connector 1 can move in coordination with the side wall formwork 200. That is, when the tie rod 3 applies a downward tension to the tie rod connector 1, the tie rod connector 1 can transmit the tension to the side wall formwork 200 and drive the side wall formwork 200 to move.

[0035] In one embodiment, the tie rod connector 1 is fixedly connected to the side wall template 200. This fixed connection prevents the tie rod connector 1 from slipping relative to the side wall template 200, allowing the tie rod connector 1 and the side wall template 200 to move in coordination better. Alternatively, the tie rod connector 1 can be welded to the side wall template 200.

[0036] In another implementation, combined Figures 1 to 6 The tie rod connector 1 is provided with a hook portion 12, which hooks onto the longitudinal rib 210 located at the lower part of the side wall template 200. The hook opening of the hook portion 12 faces the reinforcing rod 2 downwards, so that the tie rod connector 1 can remain relatively stationary with respect to the side wall template 200 and transmit the tension to the side wall template 200 when the tie rod 3 is pulled downwards. The advantage of using a hook-and-hook method to connect the tie rod connector 1 and the side wall template 200 is that it is easy to install and can adapt to the drainage holes 110 in different positions, causing less damage to the side wall template 200. Exemplarily, the tie rod connector 1 includes a main body and a hook portion 12. The main body is provided with a vertical channel 11, and the hook portion 12 is located on one side of the main body. The hook portion 12 can be L-shaped, with one end connected to the main body, thereby forming a vertical groove between the hook portion 12 and the main body. The groove opening faces downwards.

[0037] The longitudinal rib 210 at the lower part of the sidewall template 200 refers to the rib plate arranged longitudinally at the lower part of the sidewall template 200. The lower end of the longitudinal rib plate 210 is connected to the bottom of the sidewall template 200, and the sidewall is connected to several longitudinally spaced end plates and ring ribs on the sidewall template 200. This makes the upper part of the longitudinal rib plate 210 open on both sides in most of the longitudinal area. The hook part 12 can be hooked onto the longitudinal rib plate 210 by providing a downward groove that fits into the longitudinal rib plate 210. Of course, a reinforcing structure can be provided near the position on the longitudinal rib plate 210 where the hook part 12 is hooked to increase the strength of the longitudinal rib plate 210 at that point, so that it can resist the tension of the tie rod connector 1. The reinforcing structure can be a rib plate welded between the inner wall of the longitudinal rib plate 210 and the side wall of the sidewall template 200.

[0038] The tie rod connector 1 is positioned above the drainage hole 110, so that the tie rod connector 1 and the drainage hole 110 are located on the same cross section of the tunnel. At this time, the reinforcing rod 2 that is partially inserted through the drainage hole 110 is also located on the same cross section, and the tie rod 3 that connects the tie rod connector 1 and the reinforcing rod 2 is also located on the same cross section. The tension applied by the tie rod 3 to the tie rod connector 1 does not have a component along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the tension can be used more to prevent the sidewall formwork 200 from floating.

[0039] To facilitate the connection between the lower end of the tie rod 3 and the reinforcing rod 2, the portion of the reinforcing rod 2 located outside the drainage hole 110 is provided with a connecting structure 6. The tie rod connector 1 is provided with a vertical channel 11. The connecting structure 6 and the vertical channel 11 can be roughly located on the same vertical line, so that the tie rod 3 can pass through the vertical channel 11 along the vertical line and connect with the connecting structure 6 on the reinforcing rod 2. In this case, the tie rod 3 is vertically installed in the tunnel.

[0040] To connect with the threaded screw-on component 4, the upper end of the tie rod 3 protrudes from the tie rod connector 1 and is provided with a threaded section. The threaded section has an external thread, and the threaded screw-on component 4 has an internal thread that matches the aforementioned external thread, so that the threaded screw-on component 4 can be threadedly engaged with the threaded section on the tie rod 3. Based on the threaded engagement, by rotating the threaded screw-on component 4 relative to the tie rod 3, the threaded screw-on component 4 can move along the length direction of the tie rod 3. When the moving direction of the threaded screw-on component 4 is towards the lower end of the tie rod 3, by screwing the threaded screw-on component 4, the distance between the threaded screw-on component 4 and the reinforcing rod 2 can be shortened, so that the threaded screw-on component 4 squeezes the tie rod connector 1, thereby applying a downward pulling force to the tie rod connector 1 through the tie rod 3 and the threaded screw-on component 4. This pulling force can be used to resist the upward floating of the side wall formwork 200.

[0041] Furthermore, continue to screw the threaded screw fastener 4 downwards. The threaded screw fastener 4 can squeeze and push the tie rod connector 1 to move towards the reinforcing rod 2, thereby driving the lower end of the side wall template 200 connected to the tie rod connector 1 to move. This is suitable for pushing the lower end of the side wall template 200 back to the predetermined height position when the lower end of the side wall template 200 is raised, thereby reducing the misalignment caused by the deformation and raising of the side wall template 200.

[0042] No additional reinforcement measures are required between the reinforcing rod 2 and the drainage hole 110, that is, the reinforcing rod 2 is allowed to move along the length of the drainage hole 110. This is because the reinforcement device described in this embodiment mainly applies a tensile force along the tie rod 3 to the side wall template 200. The tie rod 3 is approximately vertical, and the drainage hole 110 is horizontally set or inclined with the end closer to the initial support facing upward. Under the action of the tensile force along the tie rod 3, the reinforcing rod 2 will not come out of the drainage hole 110.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the pull rod 3 is made by tapping one end of a precision rolled threaded steel bar with a diameter of 28mm-32mm, and its length is 50cm-60cm.

[0044] The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device described in this embodiment fully utilizes the pre-formed drainage holes 110 on the low sidewall 100 as a connecting part. Simple, easy-to-manufacture, and low-cost components such as tie rod connectors 1, reinforcement rods 2, tie rods 3, and threaded screw fasteners 4 are installed between the drainage holes 110 and the sidewall template 200. After installation, the threaded screw fasteners 4 can be screwed down to tension and fix the sidewall template 200 and the low sidewall 100, applying a downward pulling force to the lower end of the sidewall template 200 to resist its upward floating and achieve reinforcement of the lower end of the sidewall template 200. Simultaneously, the reinforcement device directly applies force to the lower end of the sidewall template 200, correcting deformation and warping, reducing misalignment caused by deformation and warping, and allowing for fine adjustment of the secondary lining template when it is not initially installed correctly.

[0045] In some embodiments, combined with Figures 3 to 6 To facilitate the rotation of the threaded screw-on component 4, the threaded screw-on component 4 includes a fixedly connected sleeve 41 and a force-reducing handle 42. The sleeve 41 has an internal thread, and the force-reducing handle 42 is located on the outside of the sleeve 41 and has a large lever arm. By rotating the force-reducing handle 42, the sleeve 41 connected to it can be rotated, thereby causing the sleeve 41 to move along the pull rod 3. Exemplarily, the force-reducing handle 42 is a ring with a radius much larger than that of the sleeve 41. The ring is fixedly connected to the sleeve 41 by several crossbars, and the worker can rotate the ring to drive the sleeve 41 to rotate.

[0046] In some implementation methods, combined with Figures 3 to 6A force-applying pad 5 is provided between the threaded screwing component 4 and the pull rod connector 1. The force-applying pad 5 can be set between the bottom end of the sleeve 41 and the top end of the pull rod connector 1. After the threaded screwing component 4 moves downward to the fastening position, the threaded screwing component 4 squeezes the force-applying pad 5, and then the force-applying pad 5 pushes the pull rod connector 1. Furthermore, in order to enable the threaded screwing component 4 to push and move the pull rod connector 1 more smoothly, the end area of ​​the force-applying pad 5 near the end of the pull rod connector 1 is larger than the end area near the end of the threaded screwing component 4, and the end face of the force-applying pad 5 near the end of the pull rod connector 1 is arranged around the vertical channel 11, so that the force-applying pad 5 can apply the pushing force to the pull rod connector 1 more evenly, reduce the probability of the force-applying pad 5 squeezing the pull rod connector 1 on one side, and thus reduce the probability of the pull rod 3 being pushed to the inclined vertical channel 11, that is, the pull rod 3 can be kept approximately parallel to the vertical channel 11 during the screwing process of the threaded screwing component 4.

[0047] In some embodiments, the tie rod 3 is rotatably connected to the connecting structure 6, with the axis of rotation perpendicular to the length direction of the reinforcing rod 2. This rotatable connection reduces the stress between the tie rod 3 and the connecting structure 6, increases the connection strength, and accommodates drainage holes 110 with different inclination angles. Exemplarily, the tie rod 3 is hinged to the connecting structure 6, the reinforcing rod 2 extends laterally along the tunnel, and the hinge axis between the tie rod 3 and the connecting structure 6 extends longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the connecting structure 6 includes two connecting plates 61 spaced apart. The lower end of the pull rod 3 extends between the two connecting plates 61, and the pull rod 3 is connected to the connecting plate 61 by a pin 62. The pin 62 passes through the connecting plate 61, the lower end of the pull rod 3, and the other connecting plate 61 in sequence. The connecting plate 61 can be a steel plate, and the connecting plate 61 can be welded to the reinforcing rod 2. In some scenarios, the connecting plate 61 can also be referred to as a pull lug.

[0049] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rod 2 includes a rod body 21 and a first annular pad 22. The first annular pad 22 is sleeved on the outside of the rod body 21 and located inside the drain hole 110. The first annular pad 22 is used to space the rod body 21 from the side wall of the drain hole 110 opening, so that when the reinforcing rod 2 is bent upward by the tension of the pull rod 3, the rod body 21 will not squeeze or hit the edge of the drain hole 110 opening, which helps to maintain the integrity and aesthetics of the low side wall 100; when the reinforcing rod 2 is pulled up by the pull rod 3, because the first annular pad 22 protrudes from the outer wall of the rod body 21, the first... The upward-facing side of the annular pad 22 presses against the upper inner wall of the drain hole 110, thereby separating the rod body 21 from the upper inner wall of the drain hole 110, which helps to reduce the probability of the rod body 21 pressing against and hitting the edge of the drain hole 110 opening. Exemplarily, the rod body 21 can be made of a seamless steel pipe with a length of 60cm-80cm, an outer diameter of 76mm, and a wall thickness of 5mm. The first annular pad 22 can be an annular steel plate with a wall thickness of 3mm. The first annular pad 22 is welded to the rod body 21, and the distance between the first annular pad 22 and the opening of the drain hole 110 can be 20cm-30cm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rod 2 further includes a second annular pad 23 sleeved on the outside of the rod body 21. The second annular pad 23 is located outside the drain hole 110 and is provided with a connecting structure 6. The second annular pad 23 may be made of the same material as the first annular pad 22. Both can increase the structural strength of the reinforcing rod 2. The difference between the two is that the first annular pad 22 is located inside the drain hole 110 and is used to separate the rod body 21 from the opening of the drain hole 110. The second annular pad 23 is located outside the drain hole 110 and is used to install the connecting structure 6 to connect with the lower end of the pull rod 3.

[0051] In some embodiments, at least two tie rod connectors 1 are arranged longitudinally at intervals along the sidewall template 200. Each tie rod connector 1 is provided with a drainage hole 110, a reinforcing rod 2, a tie rod 3, and a threaded screw 4, etc., to form a plurality of longitudinally spaced tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement devices; exemplary, such as Figure 7 and 8 As shown, four tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement devices as described above can be longitudinally spaced on each side of the template.

[0052] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for reinforcing the bottom of a tunnel secondary lining template, which uses drainage holes 110 opened on the low sidewall 100 to reinforce the sidewall template 200. The lower part of the sidewall template 200 is provided with a tie rod connector 1, and the tie rod connector 1 is provided with a vertical channel 11.

[0053] In some embodiments, the method for reinforcing the bottom end of the tunnel secondary lining template includes the following steps: Move the side wall template 200 to the upper part of the low side wall 100 so that the tie rod connector 1 corresponds to the drain hole 110; The reinforcing rod 2 is inserted into the drain hole 110, and the part of the reinforcing rod 2 outside the drain hole 110 is provided with a connecting structure 6. The tie rod 3 is inserted through the vertical channel 11 and the lower end of the tie rod 3 is connected to the connecting structure 6. The upper end of the tie rod 3 protrudes from the tie rod connector 1 and is threadedly fitted with a threaded screwing part 4. Tighten the threaded screw fastener 4 to reduce the distance between the threaded screw fastener 4 and the lower end of the pull rod 3, so that the threaded screw fastener 4 presses against the pull rod connector 1.

[0054] The components in the above steps are the same as those in the first aspect of the present invention. The tie rod connector 1 can be fixed on the side wall template 200 in advance. It can be installed or adjusted into place after the side wall template 200 is moved into place, so as to correspond with the drainage hole 110. The tie rod connector 1 and the drainage hole 110 can be located on the same cross section of the tunnel. The connecting structure 6 can be fixed to the reinforcing rod 2 in advance. After the reinforcing rod 2 is inserted into the drainage hole 110, the reinforcing rod 2 is adjusted so that the connecting structure 6 faces the tie rod connector 1. The tie rod 3 can be a rod with an external thread at one end and a through hole at the other end. The end with the through hole is used to rotate and connect with the connecting structure 6. The end with the external thread protrudes from the tie rod connector 1 and is threadedly engaged with the threaded screwing part 4.

[0055] This embodiment fully utilizes the pre-formed drainage holes 110 on the low side wall 100 as connecting parts. By screwing the threaded screw fastener 4 to compress the tie rod connector 1, the originally loose tie rod connector 1, reinforcing rod 2, and tie rod 3 are tightened, thereby tensioning and fixing the lower end of the side wall formwork 200 to the low side wall 100. The lower end of the side wall formwork 200 is subjected to a downward pulling force, which can prevent the side wall formwork 200 from floating. Compared with the solution of adding jacks, this embodiment... The installation of the tie rod connector 1, reinforcing rod 2, tie rod 3, and threaded screw 4 is simpler, easier to manufacture or procure, and less expensive. Furthermore, the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device described in this embodiment directly applies force to the lower end of the sidewall template 200, which can correct the deformation and warping of the lower end of the sidewall template 200. The jack, limited by its installation position and direction, is difficult to directly apply vertical downward pressure to the lower end of the sidewall template 200, and therefore it is difficult to correct the deformation and warping of the lower end of the sidewall template 200.

[0056] In some embodiments, when the threaded screw-on component 4 is screwed on, the threaded screw-on component 4 presses and pushes the tie rod connector 1 and the lower end of the side wall template 200 downward until the lower end of the side wall template 200 moves to a predetermined height. This can push the lower end of the side wall template 200 back to the predetermined height position when the lower end of the side wall template 200 is raised, thereby reducing the misalignment caused by the deformation and raising of the side wall template 200. It can also achieve fine adjustment of the secondary lining template when the secondary lining template is not initially installed in place.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, after the threaded screwing component 4 is screwed to the predetermined position, another nut can be fitted onto the pull rod 3 and screwed to be close to the threaded screwing component 4 to fix the threaded screwing component 4.

[0058] As an example, the method for reinforcing the bottom of the tunnel secondary lining template described in this embodiment includes the following steps: Step 1: Weld tie rod connector 1 on the longitudinal rib 210 at the lower end of the side wall formwork 200 of the secondary lining trolley, corresponding to the drainage hole 110 or rock drainage hole on the short side wall 100 (generally at intervals of about 200cm). Step 2: Strengthen the side mold of the secondary lining trolley at the tie rod connector 1 position to ensure that the tensile force can be smoothly transmitted to the ring rib of the secondary lining template and meet the stress requirements of the overall structure of the secondary lining trolley. Step 3: Make reinforcement rod 2. Reinforcement rod 2 is made of seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 76mm*5mm and a length of 60cm-80cm. Step 4: Weld lugs (i.e., connecting structure 6) onto the reinforcing rod 2, and weld a circumferential steel pad (i.e., the first annular pad 22) with a diameter of about 3mm at a distance of 20cm-30cm from the lugs. Step 5: Make tie rod 3. Tie rod 3 is made by tapping one end of 28mm-32mm precision rolled threaded steel and drilling a hole at the other end. The length is 50cm-60cm. Step Six: Move the secondary lining trolley into position and perform normal positioning and reinforcement work; Step 7: Insert the reinforcing rod 2 into the drain hole 110 with the pull tab facing upwards; Step 8: Pass the pull rod 3 through the pull rod connector 1 and securely connect it to the pull lug on the reinforcing rod 2; Step 9: Attach the threaded screw fastener 4 to the upper end of the pull rod 3 and tighten it to the specified requirements; as an example, tighten it until the pressure between the threaded screw fastener 4 and the pull rod connector 1 is not less than 60KN.

[0059] The reinforcement device described in this embodiment can be based on the existing support structure, together with the existing transverse bracing and anti-settlement piers, to form a statically determinate structure with balanced force and stable structure, thereby controlling the vehicle's movement and misalignment, and achieving "0" misalignment due to construction factors.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device, used for installation between a low sidewall (100) and a sidewall template (200), wherein the sidewall template (200) is a casting template for the sidewall above the low sidewall (100), and the low sidewall (100) is provided with drainage holes (110) extending laterally along the tunnel, characterized in that, The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device includes: Tie rod connector (1) is used to be installed at the lower end of the side wall template (200). The tie rod connector (1) is correspondingly installed above the drain hole (110). The tie rod connector (1) is provided with a vertical channel (11). A reinforcing rod (2) is used to partially pass through the drain hole (110), and the portion of the reinforcing rod (2) outside the drain hole (110) is provided with a connecting structure (6). The pull rod (3) can pass through the vertical channel (11). The lower end of the pull rod (3) is connected to the connecting structure (6). The upper end of the pull rod (3) protrudes from the pull rod connector (1) and is provided with a threaded section. The threaded screwing part (4) can be threaded to engage with the threaded section of the pull rod (3), and the threaded screwing part (4) can be screwed to press the pull rod connector (1).

2. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tie rod (3) is rotatably connected to the connecting structure (6), and the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the reinforcing rod (2).

3. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connection structure (6) includes two connecting plates (61) spaced apart. The lower end of the pull rod (3) extends between the two connecting plates (61). The pull rod (3) is connected to the connecting plates (61) by a pin (62).

4. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing rod (2) includes a rod body (21) and a first annular pad (22). The first annular pad (22) is sleeved on the outside of the rod body (21) and is located inside the drain hole (110). The first annular pad (22) is used to space the rod body (21) from the side wall of the drain hole (110).

5. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing rod (2) includes a rod body (21) and a second annular pad (23). The second annular pad (23) is sleeved on the outside of the rod body (21). The second annular pad (23) is located outside the drain hole (110) and is provided with the connecting structure (6).

6. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tie rod connector (1) is fixedly connected to the side wall template (200); Alternatively, the tie rod connector (1) is provided with a hook part (12), which is used to hook the longitudinal rib plate (210) at the bottom of the side wall template (200), and the hook opening of the hook part (12) faces the reinforcing rod (2).

7. The tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force-adding pad (5) is provided between the threaded screwing part (4) and the pull rod connector (1). And / or, the threaded screwing component (4) includes a sleeve (41) and a force-reducing handle (42) connected to each other. The sleeve (41) is provided with an internal thread adapted to the threaded section of the pull rod (3). The force-reducing handle (42) is located on the outside of the sleeve (41) and is used to drive the sleeve (41) to rotate.

8. The tunnel secondary lining formwork bottom reinforcement device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The side wall template (200) is provided with at least two tie rod connectors (1) arranged longitudinally at intervals. Each tie rod connector (1) is provided with a drain hole (110), a reinforcing rod (2), a tie rod (3) and a threaded screw (4).

9. A method for reinforcing the bottom end of a tunnel secondary lining template, characterized in that, Using the tunnel secondary lining template bottom reinforcement device as described in any one of claims 1-8, the sidewall template (200) is reinforced by the drainage holes (110) opened on the low sidewall (100). The lower part of the sidewall template (200) is provided with a tie rod connector (1), and the tie rod connector (1) is provided with a vertical channel (11). The method includes the following steps: Move the side wall template (200) to the upper part of the low side wall (100) so that the tie rod connector (1) corresponds to the drain hole (110); The reinforcing rod (2) is inserted into the drain hole (110), and the part of the reinforcing rod (2) outside the drain hole (110) is provided with a connecting structure (6). The pull rod (3) is inserted through the vertical channel (11) and the lower end of the pull rod (3) is connected to the connecting structure (6). The upper end of the pull rod (3) protrudes from the pull rod connector (1) and is threadedly fitted with a threaded screwing part (4). Tighten the threaded screw (4) to reduce the distance between the threaded screw (4) and the lower end of the pull rod (3), so that the threaded screw (4) presses against the pull rod connector (1).

10. The method for reinforcing the bottom end of the tunnel secondary lining template according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the threaded screw-on component (4) is screwed on, the threaded screw-on component (4) squeezes and pushes the lower end of the tie rod connector (1) and the side wall template (200) to move down until the lower end of the side wall template (200) moves to a predetermined height.

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