A test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of planetary transmission system testing technology, and particularly relates to a test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system. In this invention, the transparent shell allows direct observation of the actual distribution of oil under rotational conditions, and the gas isolation structure prevents oil cross-flow between planetary gear sets, ensuring the independence and accuracy of flow rate measurement. This test bench can simultaneously and independently measure the actual oil supply flow rate at multiple lubrication points, such as the sun gear-planet gear meshing area and planetary gear bearing cavities, at different speeds, thereby obtaining accurate flow distribution patterns. It overcomes the limitations of simulation methods in reproducing conditions such as strong centrifugal force and complex phase changes, providing a reliable physical experimental means for the design verification and optimization of lubrication systems, effectively improving evaluation efficiency and reducing development costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of planetary transmission system testing technology, and particularly relates to a test bench for testing the lubrication flow of planetary components in a transmission system. Background Technology

[0002] Planetary transmission systems are widely used in aerospace, engineering machinery, and high-end equipment due to their compact structure and high load-bearing capacity. The lubrication system is a crucial component of planetary transmission systems, requiring the supply of lubricating oil at specific pressures and flow rates to critical components such as the sun gear, planet gear meshing areas, and planet gear bearings to reduce friction and wear and dissipate heat. As planetary transmission systems develop towards higher power and higher speeds, their internal lubrication condition has a decisive impact on the system's operational reliability and service life. In actual operation, due to the high-speed rotation of the planetary gear train, the flow state and flow distribution of the lubricating oil from the main oil passage to each branch outlet undergo drastic and complex changes with rotational speed under the combined influence of centrifugal force, shearing action, and oil-gas two-phase flow. This can easily lead to severe uneven oil supply between different lubrication points, resulting in insufficient local lubrication, accelerated wear, and even transmission system failure.

[0003] Currently, the industry relies heavily on empirical formulas or numerical simulations such as computational fluid dynamics for the design and verification of planetary gear lubrication systems. However, simulation methods struggle to accurately reproduce the true physical state of oil under rotating conditions, influenced by strong centrifugal forces, complex phase transitions, and hydrodynamic effects. Furthermore, the accuracy of boundary condition settings and results is significantly limited. More critically, existing technologies lack physical testing equipment capable of simultaneously, independently, and accurately measuring the actual oil flow rate at multiple lubrication points, such as the sun-planet gear meshing area and planetary gear bearing cavities, under controlled experimental conditions. This prevents the acquisition of the true flow distribution patterns of each lubrication branch at different speeds, hindering the effective evaluation and optimization of the lubrication system design. Consequently, product development has long faced challenges of long testing cycles, high costs, and low verification efficiency.

[0004] To address this, a test bench for testing the lubrication flow of planetary components in a transmission system is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test bench for testing the lubrication flow of planetary components in a transmission system, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system includes a test mechanism, a drive mechanism for driving the test mechanism to move, an oil circulation mechanism for supplying oil to the test mechanism, multiple measuring cylinders for collecting oil dripping from the test mechanism, and a camera for photographing the state of the oil. The testing mechanism includes a transparent housing. Inside the housing, a liquid inlet, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, and a third planetary gear set are arranged sequentially. An oil baffle is provided at the end of the housing away from the liquid inlet. The liquid inlet, the housing, and the oil circulation mechanism are connected. The planet carrier of the first planetary gear set is fixedly connected to the housing. A rotating shaft is coaxially rotatably connected to the housing. The rotating shaft is used to drive the sun gear of the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, and the third planetary gear set to move. The first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, and the third planetary gear set are respectively connected to the liquid inlet. Multiple oil outlet holes are provided at the bottom of the housing, and the multiple oil outlet holes are respectively provided corresponding to the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, and the third planetary gear set. The housing is provided with a gas isolation structure to prevent oil cross-flow between the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, and the third planetary gear set.

[0007] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, a main oil passage is provided in the rotating shaft, and an oil inlet channel is provided in the inlet drain. One end of the oil inlet channel is connected to the oil circulation mechanism through an oil inlet hole, and the other end of the oil inlet channel is connected to the main oil passage through a first radial oil hole. The first planetary cage oil passage of the first planetary set is connected to the main oil passage through a second radial oil hole. The second planetary cage oil passage of the second planetary set is connected to the main oil passage through a third radial oil hole. The third planetary cage oil passage of the third planetary set is connected to the main oil passage through a fourth radial oil hole.

[0008] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, the plurality of oil outlet holes are respectively a first oil outlet hole, a second oil outlet hole, a third oil outlet hole, a fourth oil outlet hole, a fifth oil outlet hole, a sixth oil outlet hole, and a seventh oil outlet hole; Specifically, the first oil outlet is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set; the second oil outlet is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set; the third oil outlet is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set; the fourth oil outlet is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set; the sixth oil outlet is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set; the seventh oil outlet is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set; and the fifth oil outlet is connected to the spline or bypass lubrication area.

[0009] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, the gas isolation structure includes a plurality of annular air supply grooves circumferentially opened on the inner wall of the housing. The plurality of annular air supply grooves are respectively arranged corresponding to the first planetary gear, the second planetary gear and the third planetary gear. The plurality of annular air supply grooves are all connected to the air inlet hole group opened on the housing. The housing is also provided with a second vent hole and a first vent hole for exhaust pressure stabilization.

[0010] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, the two ends of the rotating shaft extend from the liquid inlet and the oil baffle, respectively. The two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a first bearing group and a second bearing group. The first bearing group and the second bearing group are respectively fixedly installed on the support platform through the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat, respectively. The housing is fixedly installed on the support platform by multiple fixing nuts.

[0011] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, the oil circulation mechanism includes an oil tank, the outlet end of the oil tank is connected to a hydraulic pump driven by a second motor, the outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to an oil inlet passage, the oil inlet passage is connected to the oil inlet hole, and the total oil outlet at the bottom end of the housing is connected to the inlet end of the oil tank through a return oil passage.

[0012] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, the oil tank is equipped with a level gauge and a first temperature sensor, and the oil inlet passage is equipped with a second temperature sensor, a flow valve and a flow meter.

[0013] In the planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the transmission system of the present invention, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, which is disposed at the movable end of the slide rail, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the output shaft of the rotating shaft through a coupling.

[0014] In the planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the transmission system of the present invention, a first protective shell is provided on the outside of the coupling, and a second protective shell is provided on the outside of the drive motor. The first protective shell and the second protective shell are both fixedly installed on the movable end of the slide rail. A cooling fan is provided on the side of the drive motor away from the rotating shaft, and a wire harness box is provided on the top of the second protective shell.

[0015] In the transmission system planetary component lubrication flow test bench of the present invention, a rotating partition is provided between the second planetary set and the third planetary set.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: In this invention, driven by the drive mechanism, the rotating shaft drives the sun gear of the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, and the third planetary gear set to move, simulating the rotational operation of a planetary transmission system; the oil circulation mechanism provides oil to the inlet, and the oil is distributed to each planetary gear set. Under the action of centrifugal force, the oil drips from the corresponding outlet hole below the housing, and is collected by multiple measuring cylinders to measure the flow rate of each branch. At the same time, the camera captures the state of the oil to record the flow behavior.

[0017] The transparent housing allows direct observation of the actual distribution of oil during rotation, while the gas isolation structure prevents oil cross-flow between planetary gear sets, ensuring the independence and accuracy of flow measurement. This test bench can simultaneously and independently measure the actual oil supply flow at multiple lubrication points, such as the sun gear-planet gear meshing area and planetary gear bearing cavities, at different speeds, thereby obtaining accurate flow distribution patterns. It overcomes the limitations of simulation methods in reproducing conditions such as strong centrifugal force and complex phase changes, providing a reliable physical experimental means for the design verification and optimization of lubrication systems, effectively improving evaluation efficiency and reducing development costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort: Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the testing mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the testing mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a left view of the testing mechanism in this invention; The components include: 1. Oil tank; 2. Level gauge; 3. First temperature sensor; 4. Second motor; 5. Hydraulic pump; 6. Slide rail; 7. Oil inlet passage; 8. Wiring harness box; 9. Second temperature sensor; 10. Flow meter; 11. First vent; 12. First protective shell; 13. First bearing seat; 14. Second vent; 15. Camera; 16. Air inlet assembly; 17. Second bearing seat; 18. Protective cover; 19. Oil return passage; 20. Measuring cylinder; 21. Oil outlet; 22. Support platform; 23. Second protective shell; 24. Drive motor; 25. Cooling fan; 26. Main oil outlet; 27. Oil inlet; 28. First planetary gear set; 29. ​​Second planetary gear set; 30. Third planetary gear set; 31. Oil baffle; 32. First bearing assembly; 33. Second bearing assembly; 34. Housing; 36. Rotating shaft; 37. Main oil... 38. Second radial oil hole; 39. Third radial oil hole; 40. First sun gear oil outlet hole; 41. First planet gear oil outlet hole; 42. First radial oil hole; 43. Oil inlet channel; 45. Second planet gear oil outlet hole; 46. Third planet gear oil outlet hole; 48. Second sun gear oil outlet hole; 49. Third sun gear oil outlet hole; 50. Third planetary cage oil passage; 51. First planetary cage oil passage; 52. Second planetary cage oil passage; 53. Flow valve; 161. First air inlet hole; 162. Second air inlet hole; 163. Third air inlet hole; 164. Fourth air inlet hole; 165. Fifth air inlet hole; 211. First oil outlet hole; 212. Second oil outlet hole; 213. Third oil outlet hole; 214. Fourth oil outlet hole; 215. Fifth oil outlet hole; 216. Sixth oil outlet hole; 217. Seventh oil outlet hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention discloses a test bench for testing the lubrication flow of planetary components of a transmission system, including a test mechanism, a drive mechanism for driving the test mechanism to move, an oil circulation mechanism for providing oil to the test mechanism, multiple measuring cylinders 20 for collecting oil dripping from the test mechanism, and a camera 15 for photographing the state of the oil. The testing mechanism includes a transparent housing 34, inside which are arranged sequentially a liquid inlet, a first planetary gear 28, a second planetary gear 29, and a third planetary gear 30. An oil baffle 31 is provided at the end of the housing 34 away from the liquid inlet. The liquid inlet, the housing 34, and the oil circulation mechanism are connected. The planet carrier of the first planetary gear 28 is fixedly connected to the housing 34. A rotating shaft 36 is coaxially rotatably connected to the housing 34. The rotating shaft 36 is used to drive the sun gear of the first planetary gear 28, the second planetary gear 29, and the third planetary gear 30 to move. The first planetary gear 28, the second planetary gear 29, and the third planetary gear 30 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet. Multiple oil outlet holes 21 are provided at the bottom of the housing 34, and the multiple oil outlet holes 21 are respectively provided corresponding to the first planetary gear 28, the second planetary gear 29, and the third planetary gear 30. The housing 34 is provided with a gas isolation structure to prevent oil cross-flow between the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29 and the third planetary gear set 30.

[0022] In operation, the drive mechanism rotates the rotating shaft 36, which in turn drives the sun gear of the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29, and the third planetary gear set 30 to simulate the actual rotational conditions of a planetary transmission system. The oil circulation mechanism delivers oil to the inlet port connected to the housing 34, and the oil is then distributed to the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29, and the third planetary gear set 30. Under the action of centrifugal force, the oil flowing to different lubrication points of each planetary gear set drips from multiple corresponding oil outlets 21 below the housing 34 and is collected by multiple measuring cylinders 20 located below, thus achieving synchronous and independent measurement of the oil flow rate in each lubrication branch; simultaneously, the camera 15 captures and records the oil flow state. The transparent housing 34 allows direct observation of the internal oil distribution and flow behavior. The gas isolation structure effectively prevents cross-flow of oil between the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29, and the third planetary gear set 30, ensuring the independence and accuracy of the flow rate data at each measurement point. This test bench can physically reproduce the real working state of the lubrication system under rotating conditions, directly obtain the flow distribution law of key lubrication points, and provide a reliable experimental platform for the verification and optimization of lubrication system design, overcoming the limitations of pure simulation methods.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, a main oil passage 37 is provided inside the rotating shaft 36, and an oil inlet channel 43 is provided inside the inlet drain. One end of the oil inlet channel 43 is connected to the oil circulation mechanism through an oil inlet hole 27, and the other end of the oil inlet channel 43 is connected to the main oil passage 37 through a first radial oil hole 42. The first planetary cage oil passage 51 of the first planetary gear 28 is connected to the main oil passage 37 through a second radial oil hole 38. The second planetary cage oil passage 52 of the second planetary gear 29 is connected to the main oil passage 37 through a third radial oil hole 39. The third planetary cage oil passage 50 of the third planetary gear 30 is connected to the main oil passage 37 through a fourth radial oil hole.

[0024] In use, the oil enters the oil inlet channel 43 of the inlet row through the oil inlet hole 27 from the oil circulation mechanism, and then flows into the main oil passage 37 inside the rotating shaft 36 through the first radial oil hole 42. The rotating main oil passage 37 delivers the oil through the second radial oil hole 38, the third radial oil hole 39 and the fourth radial oil hole to the first planetary cage oil passage 51, the second planetary cage oil passage 52 and the third planetary cage oil passage 50 respectively. Thus, the oil is supplied to each planetary row through the first sun gear oil outlet hole 40, the first planetary gear oil outlet hole 41, the second planetary gear oil outlet hole 45, the third planetary gear oil outlet hole 46, the second sun gear oil outlet hole 48 and the third sun gear oil outlet hole 49. This realizes the centralized oil supply and zoned delivery of oil from the stationary pipeline to the rotating shaft, and then radially distributed to different planetary rows. The oil circuit is clear and reliable.

[0025] In one alternative scheme, the multiple oil outlets 21 are respectively a first oil outlet 211, a second oil outlet 212, a third oil outlet 213, a fourth oil outlet 214, a fifth oil outlet 215, a sixth oil outlet 216, and a seventh oil outlet 217. Specifically, the first oil outlet 211 is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set 28, the second oil outlet 212 is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set 28, the third oil outlet 213 is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set 29, the fourth oil outlet 214 is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set 29, the sixth oil outlet 216 is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set 30, the seventh oil outlet 217 is connected to the planet gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set 30, and the fifth oil outlet 215 is connected to the spline or side branch lubrication area.

[0026] During use, the oil flowing from different lubrication zones of the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29, and the third planetary gear set 30 drips through the first oil outlet 211, the second oil outlet 212, the third oil outlet 213, the fourth oil outlet 214, the sixth oil outlet 216, the seventh oil outlet 217, and the fifth oil outlet 215, which are respectively connected to them. This allows the oil in the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication zone, the planetary gear bearing lubrication zone, and the spline or side branch lubrication zone to be strictly separated and collected independently. This enables precise measurement and analysis of the actual oil supply flow of each key friction pair in the transmission system.

[0027] In one alternative, the gas isolation structure includes multiple annular gas supply slots circumferentially formed on the inner wall of the housing 34. The multiple annular gas supply slots are respectively arranged corresponding to the first planetary gear 28, the second planetary gear 29 and the third planetary gear 30. The multiple annular gas supply slots are all connected to the air inlet group 16 formed on the housing 34. The housing 34 is also provided with a second vent 14 and a first vent 11 for exhaust pressure stabilization.

[0028] The air inlet assembly 16 includes a first air inlet 161, a second air inlet 162, a third air inlet 163, a fourth air inlet 164, and a fifth air inlet 165. In use, gas is introduced into each annular air supply slot through the air inlet assembly 16. The first vent 11 and the second vent 14 are used for exhaust pressure stabilization to maintain air pressure balance. The first air inlet 161 and the second air inlet 162 are set to the planet carrier and planet gears of the second planetary gear 29. The third air inlet 163 is set to the rotating partition. The fourth air inlet 164 and the fifth air inlet 165 are set to the planet carrier and planet gears of the third planetary gear 30. In this way, the cavity between adjacent planetary gears is effectively isolated by gas, preventing oil from flowing across due to rotation splash or pressure difference, and ensuring independent circulation and accurate metering of lubricating oil in each row.

[0029] In one alternative, the two ends of the rotating shaft 36 extend out to the liquid inlet and the oil baffle 31, respectively. The two ends of the rotating shaft 36 are respectively provided with a first bearing assembly 32 and a second bearing assembly 33. The first bearing assembly 32 and the second bearing assembly 33 are fixedly installed on the support platform 22 by the first bearing seat 13 and the second bearing seat 17, respectively. The housing 34 is fixedly installed on the support platform 22 by multiple fixing nuts.

[0030] In use, the rotating shaft 36 is supported and fixed to the support platform 22 by the second bearing assembly 33 and the first bearing assembly 32 at both ends, respectively, by the second bearing seat 17 and the first bearing seat 13, ensuring the stability of its high-speed rotation. The transparent shell 34 is fixedly installed on the support platform 22 by multiple fixing nuts, keeping it stationary. This achieves stability, coaxial support and isolation between the rotating and stationary parts, providing a foundation for the reliable operation of the test bench under simulated working conditions.

[0031] In one alternative embodiment, the oil circulation mechanism includes an oil tank 1, the outlet of which is connected to a hydraulic pump 5 driven by a second motor 4, the outlet of which is connected to an oil inlet passage 7, which is connected to an oil inlet hole 27, and the total oil outlet hole 26 at the bottom of the housing 34 is connected to the inlet of the oil tank 1 through a return oil passage 19.

[0032] During operation, the oil in tank 1 is pumped out by hydraulic pump 5 driven by second motor 4, and delivered to the testing mechanism via oil inlet passage 7 and oil inlet hole 27. After lubrication and testing are completed, some oil flows out from the total oil outlet hole 26 at the bottom of housing 34 and returns to tank 1 via oil return passage 19, forming a closed oil circulation system. This system enables continuous supply and recovery of test oil, ensuring continuous testing and reuse of oil.

[0033] In one alternative configuration, the oil tank 1 is equipped with a level gauge 2 and a first temperature sensor 3, and the oil inlet passage 7 is equipped with a second temperature sensor 9, a flow valve 53, and a flow meter 10.

[0034] In use, the level gauge 2 and the first temperature sensor 3 are used to monitor the level and temperature of the oil in the oil tank 1 in real time. The second temperature sensor 9, the flow meter 10, and the flow valve 53 are installed on the oil inlet passage 7, and are used to monitor the oil supply temperature, measure the oil supply flow rate, and adjust the flow rate, respectively. This enables real-time monitoring and precise control of key parameters of the circulating oil, ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the test conditions.

[0035] In one alternative embodiment, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor 24, which is located at the movable end of the slide rail 6, and the output shaft of the drive motor 24 is connected to the output shaft of the rotating shaft 36 via a coupling.

[0036] In use, the drive motor 24 is mounted on the movable end of the slide rail 6, and its position can be adjusted via the slide rail 6 to allow its output shaft to be conveniently and accurately aligned with the rotating shaft 36 through a coupling. When the drive motor 24 is running, it transmits power to the rotating shaft 36 through the coupling, driving the planetary gear set inside the test mechanism to rotate, providing a stable and easily adjustable power input to simulate different input speed conditions.

[0037] A protective cover 18 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 36 away from the drive motor 24.

[0038] In one alternative, a first protective shell 12 is provided on the outside of the coupling, and a second protective shell 23 is provided on the outside of the drive motor 24. Both the first protective shell 12 and the second protective shell 23 are fixedly installed on the movable end of the slide rail 6. A cooling fan 25 is provided on the side of the drive motor 24 away from the rotating shaft 36, and a wire harness box 8 is provided on the top of the second protective shell 23.

[0039] In use, the first protective shell 12 covers the coupling, and the second protective shell 23 covers the drive motor 24, providing safety protection. The heat generated by the drive motor 24 during operation is forcibly dissipated by the cooling fan 25 located at the rear of the motor. The wiring harness box 8 is used to neatly arrange the cables, improving the safety of equipment operation and ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the drive motor 24, thus ensuring its stable operation over a long period of time.

[0040] In one alternative, a rotating partition is provided between the second planetary row 29 and the third planetary row 30.

[0041] In use, a rotating baffle located between the second planetary gear set 29 and the third planetary gear set 30 rotates with the shaft. The rotating baffle adds a physical barrier between the two, further preventing oil from migrating directly between these two adjacent rotating chambers, assisting the gas isolation structure, and enhancing the effect of preventing oil cross-flow.

[0042] Before the test, system checks and parameter settings were performed. First, test oil was added to the oil tank 1, and the oil level was confirmed by the level gauge 2. The first temperature sensor 3 monitored the oil temperature. According to the test requirements, the opening of the flow valve 53 on the oil inlet passage 7 was preset to set the initial oil supply flow rate. The flow meter 10 was used to monitor the actual flow rate, and the second temperature sensor 9 monitored the oil supply temperature. Multiple measuring cylinders 20 were placed under the housing 34, respectively aligned with the oil outlets 21 from the first oil outlet 211 to the seventh oil outlet 217. The camera 15 was adjusted to a position that could clearly capture the state of the oil inside the housing 34. The position of the drive mechanism was moved and adjusted by the slide rail 6 so that the output shaft of the drive motor 24 was aligned with the rotating shaft 36 through the coupling, and protected by the first protective shell 12 and the second protective shell 23. The cable harness box 8 was used to store the cables.

[0043] Start-up test. First, the oil circulation mechanism is activated, and the second motor 4 drives the hydraulic pump 5 to pump the oil from the oil tank 1. The oil flows through the oil inlet passage 7, through the oil inlet hole 27, into the oil inlet channel 43 in the stationary oil inlet drain, and then flows through the first radial oil hole 42 into the main oil passage 37 inside the high-speed rotating shaft 36. At the same time, the drive mechanism is activated, and the drive motor 24 drives the rotating shaft 36 to rotate through the coupling. The cooling fan 25 cools the drive motor 24. The rotating shaft 36 then drives the sun gear of the first planetary gear set 28, the second planetary gear set 29, and the third planetary gear set 30 to move, simulating the actual rotational conditions of the planetary transmission system. The rotating shaft 36 is supported by the first bearing group 32 and the second bearing group 33, and is fixed to the support platform 22 by the first bearing seat 13 and the second bearing seat 17, while the transparent shell 34 is fixed to the support platform 22 by the fixing nut to remain stationary.

[0044] Driven by the rotating shaft 36, the internal oil, under the action of centrifugal force, flows through the second radial oil hole 38, the third radial oil hole 39, and the fourth radial oil hole, respectively into the first planetary cage oil passage 51 of the first planetary gear 28, the second planetary cage oil passage 52 of the second planetary gear 29, and the third planetary cage oil passage 50 of the third planetary gear 30, thus realizing the zoned delivery of oil to each planetary gear. To precisely isolate the oil passages of each gear and prevent crossflow, gas is introduced into the annular air supply groove opened on the housing 34 through the air inlet group 16, forming a gas isolation barrier between the first planetary gear 28 and the second planetary gear 29, and between the second planetary gear 29 and the third planetary gear 30. The first vent hole 11 and the second vent hole 14 are used to maintain air pressure balance; at the same time, the rotating partition between the second planetary gear 29 and the third planetary gear 30 rotates with the shaft, providing additional physical isolation.

[0045] After the oil reaches each planetary gear set, it is distributed to specific lubrication points such as the sun gear-planet gear meshing area and the planet gear bearing cavity under the action of rotation. Its flow state can be directly observed through the transparent housing 34 and recorded by the camera 15. After lubrication is completed, the oil in each lubrication area drips from the corresponding specific oil outlet 21 at the bottom of the housing 34 under the guidance of gravity and structure: for example, the oil in the meshing area of ​​the first planetary gear set 28 drips from the first oil outlet 211, the oil in its bearing area drips from the second oil outlet 212, and the oil in the lubrication areas of the other gear sets and spline also drips from the corresponding oil outlets. The dripping oil is collected by the corresponding measuring cylinder 20 below, thereby realizing the synchronous, independent and accurate measurement of the flow rate of each lubrication branch. The oil that is not collected from the oil outlets 21 of each branch and the splashed oil droplets eventually gather at the bottom of the housing 34 and flow back to the oil tank 1 from the main oil outlet 26 through the return oil passage 19 to complete the circulation.

[0046] During the experiment, different working conditions can be simulated by adjusting the speed of the drive motor 24, and the oil supply pressure and flow rate can be changed by adjusting the flow valve 53. All sensor data can be monitored in real time. After the experiment, the drive motor 24 and hydraulic pump 5 are turned off, and the oil volume collected in each measuring cylinder 20 is analyzed. Combined with the flow video recorded by the camera, the real flow distribution law from the lubrication system to each key friction pair under different speeds and flow rates can be obtained, thus completing the verification and evaluation of the lubrication system design.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0048] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system, characterized in that, It includes a testing mechanism, a driving mechanism for driving the testing mechanism to move, an oil circulation mechanism for providing oil to the testing mechanism, multiple measuring cylinders (20) for collecting oil dripping from the testing mechanism, and a camera (15) for photographing the state of the oil. The testing mechanism includes a transparent housing (34), within which are sequentially arranged a liquid inlet, a first planetary gear set (28), a second planetary gear set (29), and a third planetary gear set (30). An oil baffle (31) is provided at the end of the housing (34) away from the liquid inlet. The liquid inlet, the housing (34), and the oil circulation mechanism are connected. The planetary carrier of the first planetary gear set (28) is fixedly connected to the housing (34). A rotating shaft (36) is coaxially rotatably connected to the housing (34). The rotating shaft (36) is used to drive the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (28), the second planetary gear set (29) and the third planetary gear set (30) to move. The first planetary gear set (28), the second planetary gear set (29) and the third planetary gear set (30) are respectively connected to the liquid inlet. The housing (34) has a plurality of oil outlet holes (21) at the bottom. The plurality of oil outlet holes (21) are respectively arranged corresponding to the first planetary gear set (28), the second planetary gear set (29) and the third planetary gear set (30). The housing (34) is provided with a gas isolation structure to prevent oil cross-flow between the first planetary gear set (28), the second planetary gear set (29) and the third planetary gear set (30).

2. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (36) has a main oil passage (37) and the inlet drain has an oil inlet channel (43). One end of the oil inlet channel (43) is connected to the oil circulation mechanism through an oil inlet hole (27), and the other end of the oil inlet channel (43) is connected to the main oil passage (37) through a first radial oil hole (42). The first planetary cage oil passage (51) of the first planetary gear (28) is connected to the main oil passage (37) through a second radial oil hole (38). The second planetary cage oil passage (52) of the second planetary gear (29) is connected to the main oil passage (37) through a third radial oil hole (39). The third planetary cage oil passage (50) of the third planetary gear (30) is connected to the main oil passage (37) through a fourth radial oil hole.

3. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple oil outlet holes (21) are respectively the first oil outlet hole (211), the second oil outlet hole (212), the third oil outlet hole (213), the fourth oil outlet hole (214), the fifth oil outlet hole (215), the sixth oil outlet hole (216), and the seventh oil outlet hole (217). The first oil outlet (211) is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set (28), the second oil outlet (212) is connected to the planetary gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the first planetary gear set (28), the third oil outlet (213) is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set (29), the fourth oil outlet (214) is connected to the planetary gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the second planetary gear set (29), the sixth oil outlet (216) is connected to the sun gear-planet gear meshing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set (30), the seventh oil outlet (217) is connected to the planetary gear bearing lubrication area of ​​the third planetary gear set (30), and the fifth oil outlet (215) is connected to the spline or side branch lubrication area.

4. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas isolation structure includes a plurality of annular gas supply grooves circumferentially opened on the inner wall of the housing (34). The plurality of annular gas supply grooves are respectively corresponding to the first planetary gear (28), the second planetary gear (29) and the third planetary gear (30). The plurality of annular gas supply grooves are all connected to the air inlet hole group (16) opened on the housing (34). The housing (34) is also provided with a second vent hole (14) and a first vent hole (11) for exhaust pressure stabilization.

5. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the rotating shaft (36) extend out of the liquid inlet and the oil baffle (31), respectively. The two ends of the rotating shaft (36) are respectively provided with a first bearing assembly (32) and a second bearing assembly (33). The first bearing assembly (32) and the second bearing assembly (33) are respectively fixedly installed on the support platform (22) through a first bearing seat (13) and a second bearing seat (17). The housing (34) is fixedly installed on the support platform (22) through multiple fixing nuts.

6. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil circulation mechanism includes an oil tank (1), the outlet end of which is connected to a hydraulic pump (5) driven by a second motor (4), the outlet of which is connected to an oil inlet passage (7), the oil inlet passage (7) being connected to the oil inlet hole (27), and the total oil outlet hole (26) at the bottom of the housing (34) being connected to the inlet end of the oil tank (1) through a return oil passage (19).

7. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oil tank (1) is equipped with a level gauge (2) and a first temperature sensor (3), and the oil inlet passage (7) is equipped with a second temperature sensor (9), a flow valve (53) and a flow meter (10).

8. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a drive motor (24), which is located at the movable end of the slide rail (6). The output shaft of the drive motor (24) is connected to the output shaft of the rotating shaft (36) via a coupling.

9. The test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The coupling is provided with a first protective shell (12) on the outside and a second protective shell (23) on the outside of the drive motor (24). The first protective shell (12) and the second protective shell (23) are both fixedly installed on the movable end of the slide rail (6). A cooling fan (25) is provided on the side of the drive motor (24) away from the rotating shaft (36). A wire harness box (8) is provided on the top of the second protective shell (23).

10. A test bench for testing the lubrication flow rate of planetary components in a transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating partition is provided between the second planetary row (29) and the third planetary row (30).

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