Seismic data acquisition binning design method and apparatus
By utilizing historical single-shot data to identify apparent velocity and frequency, calculating candidate highest wavenumbers that do not produce spatial aliasing, and designing seismic data acquisition trace spacing in combination with geological tasks and economic parameters, the problem of high design cost and limited experimental range of seismic data acquisition trace spacing in existing technologies is solved, achieving a balance between cost-effectiveness and improved data quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN122131377A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for designing seismic data acquisition trace spacing. Background Technology
[0002] Seismic trace spacing refers to the distance between adjacent receiver traces and is a key parameter in seismic data acquisition and observation systems. If the trace spacing only meets the requirement of preventing spatial aliasing of effective signals, some linear interference waves may still generate spatial aliasing, affecting data denoising and imaging accuracy. If the trace spacing can both ensure linear interference waves and prevent spatial aliasing, the denoising effect and imaging accuracy of seismic data will be significantly improved, but the corresponding exploration costs will also increase substantially. Therefore, in actual seismic data acquisition, it is crucial to strike a balance between exploration costs and technical requirements and design an appropriate seismic acquisition trace spacing.
[0003] Currently, there are two methods for trace spacing design: theoretical calculation and field testing. The theoretical calculation method, based on the spatial sampling theorem, requires the trace spacing to be less than half the minimum apparent wavelength, which can be determined by the ratio of the minimum apparent velocity to the highest frequency. However, determining the minimum apparent wavelength is often challenging; estimating using the minimum apparent velocity and highest frequency across the entire wavefield may result in an excessively small trace spacing, thus increasing exploration costs. The field testing method involves selecting test sites within the work area to conduct seismic data acquisition experiments with different trace spacings, and then performing frequency-wavenumber spectrum (FK spectrum) analysis on the test data to optimize the trace spacing. However, due to the high cost and limited scope of these experiments, the results may not provide the optimal trace spacing design for the entire work area. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for designing trace spacing for seismic data acquisition, in order to solve the technical problems that experimental methods are costly and have limited experimental scope, while theoretical calculation methods lack a basis for determining the minimum apparent wavelength and cannot design the optimal trace spacing.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for designing seismic data acquisition trace spacing, comprising: acquiring raw single-shot data of a target work area; determining different first apparent velocities of effective waves and different second apparent velocities of interfering waves based on the raw single-shot data; determining, based on the raw single-shot data, a first frequency corresponding to a first preset minimum energy value for the effective waves at each first apparent velocity, and a second frequency corresponding to a second preset minimum energy value for the interfering waves at each second apparent velocity; determining, based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, a first candidate highest wavenumber for which the effective waves at each first apparent velocity do not generate spatial aliasing, and determining, based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity, a second candidate highest wavenumber for which the interfering waves at each second apparent velocity do not generate spatial aliasing; determining a target highest wavenumber from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber; and determining the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wavenumber.
[0006] In some embodiments, determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the original single-shot data includes: identifying at least one effective wave phase axis and at least one interfering wave phase axis from the original single-shot data; when the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis are linear, determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis, respectively; when the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis are nonlinear, determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the tangents of the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis, respectively.
[0007] In some embodiments, determining the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity and the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity based on the original single-shot data includes: obtaining time window data of preset durations above and below the phase axis of each effective wave and each phase axis of the interference wave from the original single-shot data, and performing Fourier transforms on them respectively to obtain the spectrum diagrams of the effective wave at different first apparent velocities and the spectrum diagrams of the interference wave at different second apparent velocities; determining the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity based on the effective wave spectrum diagrams; and determining the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity based on the interference wave spectrum diagrams.
[0008] In some embodiments, determining the first candidate highest wavenumber of effective waves that do not generate spatial aliasing at each first visual velocity based on a first frequency and a first visual velocity, and determining the second candidate highest wavenumber of interference waves that do not generate spatial aliasing at each second visual velocity based on a second frequency and a second visual velocity, includes: determining the first candidate highest wavenumber of effective waves at the corresponding first visual velocity based on the ratio of the first frequency to the first visual velocity; and determining the second candidate highest wavenumber of interference waves at the corresponding second visual velocity based on the ratio of the second frequency to the second visual velocity.
[0009] In some embodiments, determining the target maximum wavenumber from the first candidate maximum wavenumber and the second candidate maximum wavenumber includes: acquiring the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the original single-shot data; determining, on the frequency wavenumber spectrum, coordinate points on which the effective waves at each first apparent velocity, composed of the first candidate maximum wavenumber and the first frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing, and determining coordinate points on the frequency wavenumber spectrum on which the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, composed of the second candidate maximum wavenumber and the second frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing; determining, from the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, the target coordinate point with the maximum wavenumber distance from the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum; and determining the target maximum wavenumber based on the wavenumber value of the target coordinate point.
[0010] In some embodiments, the method further includes: connecting the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity to the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, respectively, to obtain the apparent velocity lines of the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity; drawing line segments parallel to the frequency axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, wherein the frequency value of the intersection point of the line segment with each apparent velocity line is the folding frequency of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity; obtaining different folding frequencies of the effective waves at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference waves at the corresponding second apparent velocity by adjusting the line segments, and determining at least one candidate frequency range that does not produce spatial aliasing based on the different folding frequencies; evaluating each candidate frequency range using geological task parameters and economic parameters, and determining the target frequency range from each candidate frequency range based on the evaluation results, wherein the intersection point of the line segment corresponding to the target frequency range with the wavenumber axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum is the target highest wavenumber.
[0011] In some embodiments, the original single-shot data refers to single-shot data under the original acquisition channel distance. After acquiring the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the original single-shot data, the method further includes: determining at least one straight line passing through the origin on the frequency wavenumber spectrum, wherein the absolute value of the slope of each straight line is equal to the first apparent velocity of the corresponding effective wave or the second apparent velocity of the interference wave; and determining the original folding frequency corresponding to the effective wave under each first apparent velocity and the interference wave under each second apparent velocity under the original acquisition channel distance based on the frequency value of the intersection point of each straight line and the boundary of the frequency wavenumber spectrum.
[0012] In some embodiments, determining the seismic data acquisition trace distance of the target work area based on the target highest wavenumber includes: determining the spatial sampling wavenumber based on the target highest wavenumber; and determining the seismic data acquisition trace distance based on the spatial sampling wavenumber.
[0013] In some embodiments, acquiring raw single-shot data of the target work area includes: acquiring raw single-shot data at different locations within the target work area; the method further includes: for each location's raw single-shot data, repeatedly performing the step of determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the raw single-shot data, to obtain the acquisition channel distances at different locations within the target work area; determining the seismic data acquisition channel distance of the target work area based on the target highest wavenumber includes: determining a uniform acquisition channel distance for the target work area based on the acquisition channel distances at different locations, or determining the acquisition channel distances for different zones within the target work area.
[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data acquisition trace spacing design device, comprising: a raw data acquisition module for acquiring raw single-shot data of a target work area; a apparent velocity determination module for determining different first apparent velocities of effective waves and different second apparent velocities of interfering waves based on the raw single-shot data; a frequency determination module for determining, based on the raw single-shot data, a first frequency corresponding to a first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity, and a second frequency corresponding to a second preset minimum energy value of the interfering wave at each second apparent velocity; a candidate wavenumber determination module for determining, based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, a first candidate maximum wavenumber for which the effective wave at each first apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing, and a second candidate maximum wavenumber for which the interfering wave at each second apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity; a target wavenumber determination module for determining a target maximum wavenumber from the first candidate maximum wavenumber and the second candidate maximum wavenumber; and an acquisition trace spacing determination module for determining the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target maximum wavenumber.
[0015] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
[0016] The seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method and apparatus provided in this invention utilizes single-shot data from older data sets to design trace spacing that balances exploration costs and technical requirements, saving costs while fully leveraging the value and potential of older data. This method avoids the need for experimentation and solves the problem of accurately estimating the minimum apparent wavelength in theoretical methods. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A detailed flowchart of step S105 in the illustrated embodiment;
[0021] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating another seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in this embodiment of the invention;
[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of raw single-shot data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The spectrum of the effective wave phase axis in the original single-shot data is shown.
[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the FK spectrum corresponding to the original single-shot data.
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a seismic data acquisition trace spacing design device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] Seismic data acquisition is a crucial part of seismic exploration, involving various aspects such as seismic wave excitation, reception, and observation system design. In this process, the seismic trace spacing, referring to the distance between adjacent receiver traces, is a key parameter in the seismic data acquisition observation system. The design principle of trace spacing requires satisfying the spatial sampling theorem to ensure that the acquired seismic signal does not produce spatial aliasing; that is, the trace spacing should be less than half of the minimum apparent wavelength of the signal.
[0029] However, merely ensuring that effective signals (such as reflected waves) do not generate spatial aliasing may result in some linear interference waves (such as surface waves) still generating spatial aliasing, affecting data denoising and imaging accuracy. If the trace spacing can both guarantee that linear interference waves (such as surface waves) do not generate spatial aliasing, the denoising effect and imaging accuracy of seismic data will be significantly improved, but the corresponding exploration costs will also increase substantially. Therefore, in actual seismic data acquisition, it is crucial to strike a balance between exploration costs and technical requirements and design an appropriate seismic acquisition trace spacing.
[0030] Currently, there are two methods for trace spacing design: theoretical calculation and field testing. The theoretical calculation method, based on the spatial sampling theorem, requires the trace spacing to be less than half the minimum apparent wavelength, which can be determined by the ratio of the minimum apparent velocity to the highest frequency. However, determining the minimum apparent wavelength is often challenging; estimating using the minimum apparent velocity and highest frequency for the entire wavefield may result in an excessively small trace spacing, thus increasing exploration costs. The field testing method involves selecting test sites within the work area to conduct seismic data acquisition experiments with different trace spacings, and then performing frequency-wavenumber spectrum (FK spectrum) analysis on the test data to optimize the trace spacing. However, due to the high cost and limited scope of these experiments, the results may not provide the optimal trace spacing design for the entire work area. Furthermore, FK spectrum analysis based on single shots from tests or historical data can only verify the presence of spatial aliasing in the data, but cannot determine the optimal trace spacing required for a specific wavefield.
[0031] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention proposes that utilizing historical single-shot data for trajectory design not only saves costs but also fully leverages the value of existing data and taps into its potential. This method avoids the need for experimentation and solves the problem of accurately estimating the minimum apparent wavelength in theoretical methods.
[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method includes:
[0033] Step S101: Obtain the original single-shot data of the target work area.
[0034] Specifically, the original single-shot data refers to the typical historical single-shot data of the target work area, which corresponds to the original acquisition track distance.
[0035] Step S102: Determine the different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and the different second apparent velocities of the interference wave based on the original single-shot data.
[0036] Specifically, the apparent velocities of the wavefield are determined from the original single-shot data. The wavefield includes effective waves and interfering waves; effective waves refer to reflected waves, while interfering waves refer to surface waves, refracted waves, and other linear interfering waves; the first apparent velocity refers to the apparent velocity of the effective wave, and the second apparent velocity refers to the apparent velocity of the interfering wave. In this step, the different apparent velocities of the effective wave and interfering wave are extracted from the original single-shot data. The apparent velocities of the effective wave are sorted from largest to smallest and denoted as SV1, SV2, SV3, ..., SVn, respectively. The apparent velocities of the interfering wave are sorted from largest to smallest and denoted as NV1, NV2, NV3, ..., NVm, respectively, thereby determining the range of apparent velocities of the effective wave and interfering wave.
[0037] In some embodiments, step S102 includes: identifying at least one effective wave phase axis and at least one interfering wave phase axis from the original single-shot data; when the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis are linear, determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis; when the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis are nonlinear, determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the tangents of the effective wave phase axis and the interfering wave phase axis.
[0038] Specifically, the apparent velocities of the effective wave and the interference wave are obtained as follows: Identify the phase axes of the effective wave and the interference wave on the original single-shot data. When the phase axes of the effective wave and the interference wave are linear, calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the slope of the phase axis to obtain the apparent velocities of the effective wave and the interference wave. When the phase axes of the effective wave and the interference wave are nonlinear, calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the slope of the tangent to obtain the apparent velocities of the effective wave and the interference wave.
[0039] Step S103: Determine the first frequency of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value, and the second frequency of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value, based on the original single-shot data.
[0040] Specifically, higher wavefield energy values correspond to lower frequencies, while lower wavefield energy values correspond to higher frequencies. In this step, the effective wave corresponding to the corresponding apparent velocity is extracted from the original single-shot data. The frequency corresponding to the preset minimum energy value of the effective wave is determined as the highest frequency of the effective wave for that apparent velocity, i.e., the first frequency. The highest frequencies of the effective waves for each apparent velocity are sorted from highest to lowest apparent velocity and labeled as SF1, SF2, SF3, ..., SFn. Similarly, the interference wave corresponding to the corresponding apparent velocity is extracted from the original single-shot data. The frequency corresponding to the preset minimum energy value of the interference wave is determined as the highest frequency of the interference wave for that apparent velocity, i.e., the second frequency. The highest frequencies of the interference waves for each apparent velocity are sorted from highest to lowest apparent velocity and labeled as NF1, NF2, NF3, ..., NFm, thereby determining the frequency range of the effective wave and the interference wave.
[0041] In some embodiments, step S103 includes: obtaining time window data of preset durations above and below each effective wave phase axis and each interference wave phase axis from the original single-shot data, and performing Fourier transforms on them respectively to obtain effective wave spectrum diagrams under different first apparent velocities and interference wave spectrum diagrams under different second apparent velocities; determining the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity based on the effective wave spectrum diagrams; and determining the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity based on the interference wave spectrum diagrams.
[0042] Specifically, the method for obtaining the highest frequencies of the effective wave and the interference wave is as follows: Select a certain time window for the in-phase axis data of the effective wave and the interference wave in the original single-shot data, and perform Fourier transform on the data within the time window to obtain the Fourier transform spectra of the effective wave and the interference wave. Find the maximum frequency of the effective wave at the preset minimum energy value and the maximum frequency of the interference wave at the preset minimum energy value on the spectrum, respectively. The preset minimum energy value can be -20dB.
[0043] Step S104: Determine the first candidate highest wave number at which the effective wave does not generate spatial aliasing at each first visual velocity based on the first frequency and the first visual velocity; determine the second candidate highest wave number at which the interference wave does not generate spatial aliasing at each second visual velocity based on the second frequency and the second visual velocity.
[0044] In some embodiments, step S104 includes: determining a first candidate highest wavenumber of an effective wave at a corresponding first visual velocity based on the ratio of a first frequency to a first visual velocity; and determining a second candidate highest wavenumber of an interference wave at a corresponding second visual velocity based on the ratio of a second frequency to a second visual velocity.
[0045] Specifically, the formula for calculating the candidate highest wavenumber is as follows:
[0046] F / Vx=K (1)
[0047] Where F is the frequency of the seismic wave field, Vx is the apparent velocity of the seismic wave field, and K is the wave number.
[0048] Substituting the apparent velocity and maximum frequency of each effective wave into formula (1), the highest wavenumber of the corresponding effective wave that does not produce spatial aliasing is calculated, and sorted by apparent velocity from highest to lowest, denoted as SK1, SK2, SK3, ..., SKn. Substituting the apparent velocity and maximum frequency of each interfering wave into formula (1), the highest wavenumber of the corresponding interfering wave that does not produce spatial aliasing is calculated, and sorted by apparent velocity from highest to lowest, denoted as NK1, NK2, NK3, ..., NKm. The highest wavenumber of the effective wave and the highest wavenumber of the interfering wave are both candidate highest wavenumbers.
[0049] Step S105: Determine the target highest wavenumber from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber.
[0050] Specifically, the maximum value can be selected from the highest wave number of effective waves SK1, SK2, SK3, ..., SKn and the highest wave number of interference waves NK1, NK2, NK3, ..., NKm as the target highest wave number.
[0051] Step S106: Determine the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wave number.
[0052] In some embodiments, step S106 includes: determining the spatial sampling wavenumber based on the target highest wavenumber; and determining the seismic data acquisition trace spacing based on the spatial sampling wavenumber.
[0053] Specifically, first, the target maximum wavenumber Kmax is substituted into formula (2) to calculate the spatial sampling wavenumber Kn; then, the spatial sampling wavenumber Kn is substituted into formula (3) to calculate the sampling channel spacing Dx.
[0054] Kn=2Kmax (2)
[0055] Dx=1 / Kn (3)
[0056] In some embodiments, step S101 includes: acquiring raw single-shot data at different locations in the target work area; the method further includes: repeatedly executing S102-S105 for the raw single-shot data at each location to obtain the acquisition track distance at different locations in the target work area; step S106 includes: determining the uniform acquisition track distance of the target work area based on the acquisition track distance at the different locations, or determining the acquisition track distance of different partitions of the target work area.
[0057] Specifically, based on the characteristics of the target work area and the geological tasks, raw single-shot data from different locations can be selected, and the acquisition channel spacing D for each location can be determined according to steps S101-S105. X1 D X2 D X3 ...; Finally, combining seismic acquisition costs and geological tasks, determine a unified track spacing for the target work area or a track spacing for different blocks.
[0058] The seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in this embodiment saves costs by designing trace spacing based on original single-shot data, i.e., old data, and can also fully utilize the value of old data and tap its potential. This method avoids the need for experiments and solves the problem of inaccurate estimation of the minimum apparent wavelength in theoretical methods.
[0059] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, Figure 2 for Figure 1 A detailed flowchart of step S105 in the illustrated embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, step S105 includes:
[0060] Step S201: Obtain the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the original single-shot data.
[0061] Specifically, a two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the original single-shot data to obtain the FK spectrum of the original single-shot data. The horizontal axis of the FK spectrum is the wave number (1 / m), and the vertical axis is the frequency (Hz).
[0062] Step S202: On the frequency wavenumber spectrum, determine the coordinate points on which the effective waves at each first apparent velocity, composed of the first candidate highest wavenumber and the first frequency, do not generate spatial aliasing, and determine the coordinate points on which the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, composed of the second candidate highest wavenumber and the second frequency, do not generate spatial aliasing.
[0063] Specifically, after calculating the highest wavenumbers of the effective wave and the interference wave that do not produce spatial aliasing according to formula (1), the coordinate positions (SK1,SF1), (SK2,SF2), (SK3,SF3), ..., (SKn,SFn) of each effective wave and the coordinate positions (NK1,NF1), (NK2,NF2), (NK3,NF3), ..., (NKm,NFm) of each interference wave that do not produce spatial aliasing are determined on the FK spectrum.
[0064] Step S203: Determine the target coordinate point with the maximum wavenumber distance from the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum from the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity.
[0065] Step S204: Determine the highest wave number of the target based on the wave value of the target coordinate point.
[0066] Specifically, from (SK1,SF1), (SK2,SF2), (SK3,SF3), ..., (SKn,SFn) and (NK1,NF1), (NK2,NF2), (NK3,NF3), ..., (NKm,NFm), determine the point with the maximum wavenumber distance (i.e., the maximum lateral distance) from the origin of FK, and use the absolute value of the wavenumber at that point as the target maximum wavenumber.
[0067] In some embodiments, the method further includes: connecting the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity to the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, respectively, to obtain the apparent velocity lines of the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity; drawing line segments parallel to the frequency axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, wherein the frequency value of the intersection point of the line segment with each apparent velocity line is the folding frequency of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity; obtaining different folding frequencies of the effective waves at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference waves at the corresponding second apparent velocity by adjusting the line segments, and determining at least one candidate frequency range that does not produce spatial aliasing based on the different folding frequencies; evaluating each candidate frequency range using geological task parameters and economic parameters, and determining the target frequency range from each candidate frequency range based on the evaluation results, wherein the intersection point of the line segment corresponding to the target frequency range with the wavenumber axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum is the target highest wavenumber.
[0068] Specifically, by connecting the coordinates (SK1,SF1), (SK2,SF2), (SK3,SF3), ..., (SKn,SFn) and (NK1,NF1), (NK2,NF2), (NK3,NF3), ..., (NKm,NFm) to the origin, the apparent velocity lines of the effective wave and the interfering wave can be obtained. A vertical line is drawn on the FK spectrum; the intersection of this line with each apparent velocity line represents the folding frequency of the corresponding wavefield, which is the highest protection frequency. By continuously adjusting the position of the vertical line, different protection frequency ranges are obtained. Combining geological tasks and economic costs, the protection frequency range is evaluated to determine the final protection frequency. The intersection of the vertical line corresponding to this final protection frequency with the horizontal axis is the highest protection wavenumber.
[0069] In some embodiments, the original single-shot data refers to the single-shot data under the original acquisition channel distance. After step S201, the method further includes: determining at least one straight line passing through the origin on the frequency wavenumber spectrum, wherein the absolute value of the slope of each straight line is equal to the first apparent velocity of the corresponding effective wave or the second apparent velocity of the interference wave; and determining the original folding frequency corresponding to the effective wave under each first apparent velocity and the interference wave under each second apparent velocity under the original acquisition channel distance based on the frequency value of the intersection point of each straight line and the boundary of the frequency wavenumber spectrum.
[0070] Specifically, after obtaining the FK spectrum of the raw single-shot data, the distribution and folding frequencies of each wavefield under the original acquisition trace spacing can be analyzed based on the FK spectrum. The analysis process is as follows:
[0071] In the raw single-shot data, linear interference waves such as surface waves, direct waves, and refracted waves have a straight phase axis, which appears as a straight line passing through the origin on the FK spectrum, regardless of their position. Conversely, reflected waves with a hyperbolic phase axis appear as bands with specific fan-shaped characteristics on the FK spectrum.
[0072] The method for establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the phase axes of interfering and effective waves and the FK spectrum is as follows: In the FK spectrum, the absolute value of the slope of the straight line passing through the origin corresponds one-to-one with the apparent velocity calculated from the single-shot data. Therefore, by using the apparent velocity as a bridge, a one-to-one correspondence can be achieved between the FK spectrum and the phase axes of the effective or interfering waves identified in the single-shot data. Specifically, a straight line is drawn on the FK spectrum passing through the origin with an absolute slope value equal to the apparent velocity obtained from the phase axis of the effective or interfering wave. This straight line corresponds to the phase axis of the effective or interfering wave. By drawing corresponding straight lines for all effective and interfering waves on the FK chart, the distribution of each effective and interfering wave in the FK spectrum can be determined.
[0073] If a straight line with a certain slope on the FK spectrum intersects the ordinate at frequency FN, then FN is called the folding frequency of the single-shot data phase axis wavefield corresponding to that apparent velocity. In other words, the frequency components higher than FN in the wavefield of the single-shot data phase axis corresponding to that apparent velocity will cause spatial aliasing, thereby enabling the determination of the folding frequency of each effective wave and interfering wave in the FK spectrum at the original acquisition channel distance.
[0074] Building upon the aforementioned embodiments, by converting the raw single-shot data into an FK spectrum, and based on the FK spectrum combined with geological requirements and economic costs, the frequency range to be retained can be intuitively determined, thereby determining the maximum wavenumber. The seismic acquisition trace spacing can then be designed based on the maximum wavenumber. Furthermore, the distribution and folding frequencies of each wavefield under the original acquisition trace spacing can be understood based on the FK spectrum.
[0075] To gain a deeper understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, Figure 3 A flowchart of another seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is now presented in conjunction with... Figure 3 This invention is described in detail below:
[0076] Step 1: Obtain raw single-shot data
[0077] Specifically, the raw single-shot data of the target work area is obtained. This raw single-shot data refers to the single-shot data collected under the original acquisition track spacing. For example... Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of raw single-shot data provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with a corresponding raw acquisition track spacing of 10m.
[0078] Step 2: Determine the apparent velocity range of the effective wave and the interfering wave.
[0079] Specifically, at least one effective wave phase axis and at least one interfering wave phase axis are identified from the raw single-shot data. When both the effective and interfering wave phase axes are linear, the reciprocal of their absolute slopes is determined as the apparent velocities of the effective and interfering waves. When both are nonlinear, the reciprocal of the absolute slopes of their tangents is determined as the apparent velocities of the effective and interfering waves. For example, Figure 4 The straight line corresponding to E0 is a tangent to the effective wave phase axis. The absolute value of the slope of the tangent is 0.00227, so its apparent velocity is 440 m / s.
[0080] Step 3: Determine the frequency range of the effective wave and the interference wave.
[0081] Specifically, time window data of preset durations above and below each effective wave phase axis and each interference wave phase axis are obtained from the original single-shot data, and Fourier transforms are performed to obtain the effective wave spectrum and interference wave spectrum under different apparent velocities. The maximum frequency of the effective wave is determined according to the frequency corresponding to the preset minimum energy value in the effective wave spectrum, and the maximum frequency of the interference wave is determined according to the frequency corresponding to the preset minimum energy value in the interference wave spectrum.
[0082] For example, Figure 5 for Figure 4 The spectrum of the effective wave phase axis in the original single-shot data shown is a representation of... Figure 4 The spectrum of data within a 10ms window above and below the effective wave phase axis after performing a one-dimensional Fourier transform, as shown in the figure. Figure 5 As shown, the frequency corresponding to the -20dB energy value is taken as the highest frequency, that is, the highest frequency is 27Hz.
[0083] Step 4: Obtain the FK spectrum of the raw single-shot data
[0084] Specifically, a two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the original single-shot data to obtain its FK spectrum. For example... Figure 6 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the FK spectrum corresponding to the original single-shot data.
[0085] Step 5: Determine the folding frequencies of the effective wave and the interfering wave at the original acquisition channel spacing.
[0086] Specifically, on the FK spectrum, at least one straight line passing through the origin is determined, and the absolute value of the slope of each straight line is equal to the first apparent velocity of the corresponding effective wave or the second apparent velocity of the interference wave; based on the frequency value of the intersection point of each straight line with the boundary of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, the folding frequency corresponding to the effective wave at each first apparent velocity and the interference wave at each second apparent velocity under the original acquisition channel distance is determined.
[0087] For example in Figure 6 In the FK spectrum shown, the absolute value of the slope of the black solid line at E0 is 440, which is... Figure 4 The apparent velocities of the wave fields on the effective wave phase axes are the same, that is... Figure 6 The straight line in the middle describes Figure 4 The relationship between frequency and wavenumber of the wave field on the in-phase axis. From Figure 6 It can be seen that, Figure 6 The black solid line in the image intersects the frequency axis at 22Hz, meaning that frequency components above 22Hz on this same axis will produce spatial aliasing.
[0088] Step 6: Calculate the highest candidate wave number for both the effective wave and the interfering wave.
[0089] Specifically, the highest candidate wavenumber corresponding to different apparent velocities of the effective wave and the highest candidate wavenumber corresponding to different apparent velocities of the interfering wave are calculated according to formula (1). For example, this Figure 4 The highest frequency of the in-phase axis wave field is 27Hz and the apparent velocity is 440m / s. According to formula (1), the wave number that needs protection without spatial aliasing can be calculated as 27 / 440 = 0.061 (1 / m).
[0090] Step 7: Determine the apparent velocity lines of the effective wave and the interfering wave on the FK spectrum.
[0091] Specifically, on the frequency wavenumber spectrum, the coordinate points at which the effective waves at each first apparent velocity, composed of the first candidate highest wavenumber and the first frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined; the coordinate points at which the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, composed of the second candidate highest wavenumber and the second frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined; the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity are connected to the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum to obtain the apparent velocity lines of the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity.
[0092] For example, in Figure 6 Plot the position at coordinates (0.061, 27) in the middle, see... Figure 6 Find the midpoint and connect it to the origin, then we get... Figure 6 The black dashed line in the middle coincides with the black straight line in the wave number range of -0.05 to 0.
[0093] Step 8: Determine the target maximum wave number
[0094] Specifically, draw a line segment parallel to the vertical axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum (e.g., Figure 6 The vertical line in the diagram is used to adjust the line segments to determine the intersection points of each apparent velocity line with the vertical line. The frequency value of each intersection point is then determined as the folding frequency of the corresponding apparent velocity wavefield, which is the frequency range to be protected. The protected frequency range is evaluated based on geological and economic parameters. The final protected frequency range is determined based on the evaluation results. The intersection point of the vertical line corresponding to this final protected frequency range with the horizontal axis is the highest wavenumber of the final protected range, i.e., the target highest wavenumber. For example, to ensure... Figure 4 If the in-phase axis does not produce spatial aliasing, then the highest protection wavenumber required is 0.061, i.e., Kmax = 0.061.
[0095] Step 8: Determine the seismic acquisition trace spacing
[0096] Specifically, the spatial sampling wavenumber Kn = 2Kmax = 0.122 is calculated according to formula (2); the track spacing D can be calculated according to formula (3). X =1 / Kn=8.2m.
[0097] It should be noted that the above example only uses one effective wave for analysis. In practice, different effective and interference waves can be selected from the same single shot, or effective and interference waves from different single shots can be selected for the above analysis. Finally, a series of track distances are obtained, and the best track distance is selected as the optimal track distance for the work area. Alternatively, the work area can be divided into blocks, and an optimal track distance can be selected for each block.
[0098] In summary, this embodiment utilizes single-shot data from existing data to design a track spacing that balances exploration costs and technical requirements, saving costs while fully leveraging the value and potential of existing data. This method avoids the need for experimentation and solves the problem of accurately estimating the minimum apparent wavelength in theoretical methods.
[0099] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition trace spacing design device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the device includes:
[0100] The raw data acquisition module 701 is used to acquire raw single-shot data of the target work area;
[0101] The apparent velocity determination module 702 is used to determine different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave based on the original single-shot data.
[0102] The frequency determination module 703 is used to determine, based on the original single-shot data, the first frequency of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value, and the second frequency of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value.
[0103] The candidate wave number determination module 704 is used to determine, based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, the first candidate highest wave number in which the effective wave at each first apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing, and based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity, the second candidate highest wave number in which the interference wave at each second apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing.
[0104] The target wavenumber determination module 705 is used to determine the target highest wavenumber from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber;
[0105] The acquisition trace spacing determination module 706 is used to determine the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wave number.
[0106] In some embodiments, the apparent speed determination module 702 is specifically used for:
[0107] At least one effective wave phase axis and at least one interfering wave phase axis were identified from the original single-shot data;
[0108] When the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis are linear, different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave are determined according to the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis, respectively.
[0109] When the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis are nonlinear, different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave are determined based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the tangents of the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis, respectively.
[0110] In some embodiments, the frequency determination module 703 is specifically used for:
[0111] The time window data of preset durations above and below each effective wave phase axis and each interference wave phase axis are obtained from the original single-shot data, and Fourier transform is performed on them respectively to obtain the effective wave spectrum diagram and the interference wave spectrum diagram under different first apparent velocities and different second apparent velocities.
[0112] Based on the effective wave spectrum, determine the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity;
[0113] Based on the interference wave spectrum, the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity is determined.
[0114] In some embodiments, the candidate wavenumber determination module 704 is specifically used for:
[0115] The first candidate highest wavenumber of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity is determined based on the ratio of the first frequency to the first apparent velocity.
[0116] The second candidate highest wavenumber of the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity is determined based on the ratio of the second frequency to the second apparent velocity.
[0117] In some embodiments, the target wavenumber determination module 705 is specifically used for:
[0118] Obtain the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the original single-shot data;
[0119] On the frequency wavenumber spectrum, the coordinate points at which the effective waves under each first apparent velocity, composed of the first candidate highest wavenumber and the first frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined, and the coordinate points at which the interference waves under each second apparent velocity, composed of the second candidate highest wavenumber and the second frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined.
[0120] From the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, determine the target coordinate point with the maximum wavenumber distance from the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum;
[0121] The highest wave number of the target is determined based on the wave value of the target coordinate point.
[0122] In some embodiments, the target wavenumber determination module 705 is further configured to:
[0123] Connect the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity to the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum to obtain the apparent velocity lines of the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity.
[0124] Draw a line segment parallel to the frequency axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, where the frequency value of the intersection point of the line segment with each apparent velocity line is the folding frequency of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity.
[0125] By adjusting the line segment, different folding frequencies of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity are obtained, and at least one candidate frequency range that does not produce spatial aliasing is determined based on the different folding frequencies.
[0126] For each candidate frequency range, geological and economic parameters are evaluated, and a target frequency range is determined from the candidate frequency ranges based on the evaluation results. The intersection of the line segment corresponding to the target frequency range and the wavenumber axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum is the target highest wavenumber.
[0127] In some embodiments, the raw single-shot data refers to single-shot data under the raw acquisition trajectory distance, and the target wave number determination module 705 is further used for:
[0128] On the frequency wavenumber spectrum, at least one straight line passing through the origin is determined, and the absolute value of the slope of each straight line is equal to the first apparent velocity of the corresponding effective wave or the second apparent velocity of the interference wave.
[0129] Based on the frequency values at the intersection points of each straight line and the frequency wavenumber spectrum boundary, determine the original folding frequencies corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity under the original acquisition channel distance.
[0130] In some embodiments, the acquisition track spacing determination module 706 is specifically used for:
[0131] The spatial sampling wavenumber is determined based on the target highest wavenumber;
[0132] The seismic data acquisition trace spacing is determined based on the spatial sampling wavenumber.
[0133] In some embodiments, the original data acquisition module 701 is specifically used for:
[0134] Obtain raw single-shot data at different locations in the target work area;
[0135] The device is also used to: repeatedly execute the step of determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave based on the original single-shot data for each location, so as to obtain the acquisition track distance at different locations of the target work area;
[0136] The acquisition channel spacing determination module 706 is specifically used for:
[0137] The uniform acquisition track spacing of the target work area is determined based on the acquisition track spacing at different locations, or the acquisition track spacing of different zones of the target work area is determined.
[0138] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process and corresponding beneficial effects of the seismic data acquisition trace spacing design device described above can be found in the corresponding process in the aforementioned method example, and will not be repeated here.
[0139] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device includes: a processor 801, a communication interface 802, a memory 803, and a communication bus 804, wherein the processor 801, the communication interface 802, and the memory 803 communicate with each other via the communication bus 804.
[0140] Memory 803 is used to store computer programs;
[0141] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor 801 executes the program stored in the memory 803, it implements the steps of the seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
[0142] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the above embodiments, and will not be described again here.
[0143] The aforementioned memory 803 may be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Memory 803 has storage space for program code used to perform any of the method steps described above. For example, the storage space for program code may include individual program codes for implementing the various steps in the methods described above. This program code can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, optical discs (CDs), memory cards, or floppy disks. Such computer program products are typically portable or fixed storage units. The storage unit may have storage segments or storage spaces arranged similarly to the memory 803 in the aforementioned electronic device. The program code may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form. Typically, the storage unit includes programs for performing the method steps according to the embodiments of this application, i.e., code that can be read by a processor such as 801, which, when run by the electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the various steps in the methods described above.
[0144] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the seismic data acquisition trace spacing design method as described above.
[0145] The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the device / apparatus described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs that, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of this application.
[0146] According to embodiments of this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, such as including but not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
[0147] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0148] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.
Claims
1. A method for designing trace spacing in seismic data acquisition, characterized in that, include: Obtain raw single-shot data for the target work area; Based on the original single-shot data, determine the different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and the different second apparent velocities of the interference wave; Based on the original single-shot data, determine the first frequency of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value, and the second frequency of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value. Based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, the first candidate highest wave number of effective waves at each first apparent velocity is determined so that no spatial aliasing occurs; based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity, the second candidate highest wave number of interference waves at each second apparent velocity is determined so that no spatial aliasing occurs. The target highest wavenumber is determined from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber; The seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area is determined based on the highest wavenumber of the target.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interfering wave based on the original single-shot data includes: At least one effective wave phase axis and at least one interfering wave phase axis were identified from the original single-shot data; When the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis are linear, different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave are determined according to the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis, respectively. When the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis are nonlinear, different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave are determined based on the reciprocals of the absolute values of the slopes of the tangents of the effective wave phase axis and the interference wave phase axis, respectively.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining, based on the original single-shot data, the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity, and the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity, includes: The time window data of preset durations above and below each effective wave phase axis and each interference wave phase axis are obtained from the original single-shot data, and Fourier transform is performed on them respectively to obtain the effective wave spectrum diagram and the interference wave spectrum diagram under different first apparent velocities and different second apparent velocities. Based on the effective wave spectrum, determine the first frequency corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity; Based on the interference wave spectrum, the second frequency corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity is determined.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first candidate highest wavenumber at which the effective wave does not generate spatial aliasing at each first apparent velocity based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, and determining the second candidate highest wavenumber at which the interference wave does not generate spatial aliasing at each second apparent velocity based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity, includes: The first candidate highest wavenumber of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity is determined based on the ratio of the first frequency to the first apparent velocity. The second candidate highest wavenumber of the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity is determined based on the ratio of the second frequency to the second apparent velocity.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the target highest wavenumber from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber includes: Obtain the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the original single-shot data; On the frequency wavenumber spectrum, the coordinate points at which the effective waves under each first apparent velocity, composed of the first candidate highest wavenumber and the first frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined, and the coordinate points at which the interference waves under each second apparent velocity, composed of the second candidate highest wavenumber and the second frequency, do not produce spatial aliasing are determined. From the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity, determine the target coordinate point with the maximum wavenumber distance from the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum; The highest wave number of the target is determined based on the wave value of the target coordinate point.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Connect the coordinate points corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the coordinate points corresponding to the interference waves at each second apparent velocity to the origin of the frequency wavenumber spectrum to obtain the apparent velocity lines of the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity. Draw a line segment parallel to the frequency axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum, where the frequency value of the intersection point of the line segment with each apparent velocity line is the folding frequency of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity. By adjusting the line segment, different folding frequencies of the effective wave at the corresponding first apparent velocity or the interference wave at the corresponding second apparent velocity are obtained, and at least one candidate frequency range that does not produce spatial aliasing is determined based on the different folding frequencies. For each candidate frequency range, geological and economic parameters are evaluated, and a target frequency range is determined from the candidate frequency ranges based on the evaluation results. The intersection of the line segment corresponding to the target frequency range and the wavenumber axis of the frequency wavenumber spectrum is the target highest wavenumber.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The raw single-shot data refers to the single-shot data under the original acquisition track spacing. After obtaining the frequency wavenumber spectrum of the raw single-shot data, the process further includes: On the frequency wavenumber spectrum, at least one straight line passing through the origin is determined, and the absolute value of the slope of each straight line is equal to the first apparent velocity of the corresponding effective wave or the second apparent velocity of the interference wave. Based on the frequency values at the intersection points of each straight line and the frequency wavenumber spectrum boundary, determine the original folding frequencies corresponding to the effective waves at each first apparent velocity and the interference waves at each second apparent velocity under the original acquisition channel distance.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wavenumber includes: The spatial sampling wavenumber is determined based on the target highest wavenumber; The seismic data acquisition trace spacing is determined based on the spatial sampling wavenumber.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The acquisition of raw single-shot data for the target work area includes: Obtain raw single-shot data at different locations in the target work area; The method further includes: for each location's original single-shot data, repeatedly performing the step of determining different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave based on the original single-shot data, to obtain the acquisition track distance at different locations of the target work area; The step of determining the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wavenumber includes: The uniform acquisition track spacing of the target work area is determined based on the acquisition track spacing at different locations, or the acquisition track spacing of different zones of the target work area is determined.
10. A seismic data acquisition trace spacing design device, characterized in that, include: The raw data acquisition module is used to acquire raw single-shot data of the target work area; The apparent velocity determination module is used to determine different first apparent velocities of the effective wave and different second apparent velocities of the interference wave based on the original single-shot data. The frequency determination module is used to determine, based on the original single-shot data, the first frequency of the effective wave at each first apparent velocity corresponding to the first preset minimum energy value, and the second frequency of the interference wave at each second apparent velocity corresponding to the second preset minimum energy value. The candidate wave number determination module is used to determine, based on the first frequency and the first apparent velocity, the first candidate highest wave number in which the effective wave at each first apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing, and based on the second frequency and the second apparent velocity, the second candidate highest wave number in which the interference wave at each second apparent velocity does not generate spatial aliasing. The target wavenumber determination module is used to determine the target highest wavenumber from the first candidate highest wavenumber and the second candidate highest wavenumber; The acquisition trace spacing determination module is used to determine the seismic data acquisition trace spacing of the target work area based on the target highest wave number.