Method for determining shotpoint offset and method for shotpoint offset in deflation residual mound area
By using LiDAR data to calculate roughness and undulation, the layout of blasting points in wind-eroded hill areas was optimized, solving the problem of insufficient accuracy of traditional aerial photography data. This enabled automated gridded layout of blasting points, improving construction quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
In high-density 3D seismic exploration in wind-eroded hill areas, the low accuracy of traditional aerial photography data leads to unreasonable shot point layout, affecting construction quality and production efficiency. Existing methods cannot meet actual needs.
High-precision DEM data is acquired using LiDAR. By calculating roughness and undulation, the optimal topographic statistical grid is selected using the mean change point statistical method of undulation, negative topographic areas are extracted, and shot point offset is performed based on construction difficulty to achieve automated deployment.
It improved the efficiency and accuracy of shot point offset in wind-eroded hill areas, shortened the pre-design cycle, and enhanced construction quality and production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122132673A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the fields of geophysical exploration and acquisition technology and exploration and acquisition design technology, and in particular to a method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas and a shot point offset method. Background Technology
[0002] When conducting high-density 3D seismic exploration in wind-eroded hill areas, the complex surface conditions and the limitations imposed by topography and surface obstacles prevent the normal deployment of shot points from being carried out, necessitating a large amount of shot point offset work.
[0003] In related technologies, the commonly used shot point offset method is based on traditional aerial photography data obtained from the internet. Information such as slope and undulation is extracted from DEM data, and shot point locations are optimized according to certain layout rules. However, due to the low precision of traditional aerial photography data, the extracted slope, aspect, and other geographical information are not accurate enough to accurately describe the changes in the three-dimensional surface, leading to deviations in subsequent shot point layout. Furthermore, information such as undulation and average terrain is based on a grid of pixels, which varies significantly between different grids. Moreover, layout is often based on manual experience, resulting in poor uniformity. Therefore, unreasonable shot point layout will seriously affect construction quality and production efficiency, and existing shot point offset methods cannot meet actual production needs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shot point offset method that improves the efficiency and accuracy of shot point offset in wind-eroded residual hill areas. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas and a method for shot point offset, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of shot point offset in wind-eroded hill areas.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area. This method includes: acquiring initial DEM data and work area information based on LiDAR; extracting elevation values from the initial DEM data; wherein the work area information includes theoretical shot point information to be deployed; calculating roughness and undulation based on the elevation values, and calculating an optimal topographic statistical grid using a mean-variable point statistical method for undulation; extracting negative topographic grid data based on the optimal topographic statistical grid and the work area information, and determining a negative topographic region for shot point deployment; calculating the construction difficulty of the work area based on the elevation values, the roughness, and the undulation; determining the shot points to be offset based on the elevation values, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty; searching for offsettable positions of the shot points within the work area, and selecting the position with the smallest distance from the shot points from the offsettable positions as the offset position of the shot points.
[0006] As an optional implementation, the step of extracting elevation values from the initial DEM data includes: defining the grid size of the regular grid DEM data; and extracting the elevation value of each grid point within the work area from the initial DEM data based on the grid size.
[0007] As an optional implementation, the roughness calculation based on the elevation value includes: for each grid point, constructing a grid window centered on the grid point; and calculating the roughness of the center point based on the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window using the following formula to obtain the roughness of the grid point.
[0008]
[0009] Where C is the roughness of the center point, Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window, and dx, dy are the smallest grid units.
[0010] As an optional implementation, the calculation of undulation based on the elevation value includes: for each grid point, calculating the undulation of the grid point according to the elevation values of the grid points covered by the window using the following formula.
[0011] F = z max -z min
[0012] Where F is the undulation value of the grid point, z max z is the maximum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window. mim The minimum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window.
[0013] As an optional implementation, the step of extracting negative terrain grid data based on the optimal terrain statistical grid and the work area information to determine the negative terrain area for placing blast points includes: extracting negative terrain data of the work area using GIS processing software according to the optimal terrain statistical grid; converting the negative terrain data into surface data and optimizing the data to obtain the negative terrain data representing the area used for placing blast points.
[0014] As an optional implementation, calculating the construction difficulty of the work area based on the elevation value, the roughness, and the undulation includes calculating the construction difficulty of each grid point using the following formula, based on the elevation value, roughness, and undulation of each grid point in the work area:
[0015]
[0016] Where P represents the construction difficulty of the central grid point, Z represents the elevation value of the grid point, C represents the roughness of the grid point, and F represents the undulation of the grid point. c C is the elevation weighting coefficient. c F is the roughness weighting coefficient. c Fluctuation weighting coefficient.
[0017] As an optional implementation, determining the shot points that need to be offset based on the elevation value, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty includes: defining the area outside the negative terrain area within the work area as an obstacle zone; matching the theoretical shot point information with the elevation value, roughness, undulation, and construction difficulty of each grid point in the work area; and determining the shot points that need to be offset based on the obstacle zone and pre-set roughness and undulation thresholds.
[0018] As an optional implementation, the step of searching for the offset positions of the blast point to be offset within the work area, and selecting the position with the smallest distance from the blast point from the offset positions as the offset position of the blast point, includes: searching for the nearest grid points of the blast point to be offset, determining the nearest grid points whose construction difficulty does not exceed a preset construction difficulty threshold as the offset positions of the blast point; and selecting the position with the smallest distance from the blast point from the offset positions as the offset position of the blast point.
[0019] As an optional implementation, the search for the nearest grid points of the shot point that needs to be offset includes: searching for the nearest grid points with an initial radius of one grid size; if the construction difficulty of the nearest grid point exceeds the construction difficulty threshold, increasing the initial radius by one grid size, and searching for the nearest grid points within the increased radius.
[0020] Secondly, this application provides a method for offsetting shot points in a wind-eroded hill area. The method includes: applying the method for determining shot point offset in a wind-eroded hill area as described above to determine the offset position of shot points within the wind-eroded hill area, and offsetting the shot points according to the corresponding offset positions.
[0021] The technical solutions provided in this application have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0022] The method for determining shot point offset in wind-eroded hill areas provided in this application uses high-precision DEM data actually acquired by LiDAR. It optimizes the terrain grid by using the mean change point statistical method of undulation. Based on the optimal grid, it calculates the positive and negative terrain and the construction difficulty of shot points. It proposes a method for determining shot point offset based on the neighborhood search of the construction difficulty of negative terrain data. This enables the automated layout of shot points in complex work areas such as wind-eroded hill areas, shortens the pre-design cycle of shot points, and realizes the automated gridded layout of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to terrain offset. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of shot point layout, greatly enhances construction quality and production efficiency, and thus meets the actual production needs. Attached Figure Description
[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a grid window illustrating a method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application.
[0027] Figures 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic diagrams of the odd-even analysis region calculation window of the method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to another embodiment of this application;
[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the search window for a method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to another embodiment of this application;
[0029] Figure 5(a) is one of the implementation effect diagrams of the method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application;
[0030] Figure 5(b) is a second implementation effect diagram of the method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application;
[0031] Figure 5(c) is the third implementation effect diagram of the method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application;
[0032] Figure 5(d) is the fourth of the implementation effect diagrams of the method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application. “ Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the offset of shot points in an eroded hill area according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0034] In the seismic exploration and construction design phase, it is necessary to set up shot points in the negative terrain area for wind-eroded hill areas. The shot point offset method in the wind-eroded hill area of this application uses high-precision LiDAR DEM data, which is a high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) obtained by airborne lidar (LiDAR) technology. Unlike traditional DEM data (i.e., data obtained for free by downloading from the Internet), the LiDAR data on which this application embodiment is based is data collected by actual flight operations. The data includes elevation data and image data, etc. This application embodiment mainly uses elevation data collected by flight operations.
[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the shot point offset method in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to an embodiment of this application; as shown... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for offsetting shot points in wind-eroded hill areas, which includes the following steps:
[0036] S1, acquire initial DEM data and work area information based on LiDAR, and extract elevation values from the initial DEM data; wherein, the work area information includes theoretical shot point information to be deployed;
[0037] S2, Calculate roughness and undulation based on the elevation value, and use the undulation mean variable point statistical method to calculate the optimal terrain statistical grid;
[0038] S3, Based on the optimal terrain statistics grid and the work area information, extract negative terrain grid data and determine the negative terrain area for setting up blast points;
[0039] S4. Calculate the construction difficulty of the work area based on the elevation value, the roughness, and the undulation.
[0040] S5. Determine the firing point that needs to be offset based on the elevation value, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty.
[0041] S6, search for the offset positions of the shot point that needs to be offset within the work area, and select the position with the smallest distance from the shot point from the offset positions as the offset position of the shot point.
[0042] Specifically, extracting elevation values from the initial DEM data in S1 may include: defining the grid size of the regular grid DEM data; and extracting the elevation value of each grid point within the work area from the initial DEM data based on the grid size. Since the initial DEM data acquired by aerial photography is relatively large, defining the grid size of the regular grid DEM data discretizes the data into nodes, i.e., grid points.
[0043] Specifically, in S2, the roughness calculation based on the elevation value can be implemented by using the following formula to calculate the roughness of a grid point based on the elevation values of each point within the grid window where the center point of a certain grid is located, such as... Figure 2 As shown, for each grid point, a grid window centered on that grid point is constructed; based on the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window, the roughness of the center point is calculated using the following formula to obtain the roughness of the grid point.
[0044]
[0045] Where C is the roughness of the center point, Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window, and dx, dy are the smallest grid units.
[0046] Calculating the undulation based on the elevation value can be implemented by, for each grid point, calculating the undulation of the grid point according to the elevation value of the grid points covered by the window using the following formula.
[0047] F = z max -z min (2)
[0048] Where F is the undulation value of the grid point, z max z is the maximum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window. min The minimum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window.
[0049] For example, the terrain relief F is the difference between the highest and lowest points within the analysis area, where both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the analysis area are integer multiples of the grid. When the analysis area has an even number of grids (see Figure 3(a)), F is the relief value of Z5, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. When the analysis area has an odd number of grids (see Figure 3(b)), F is the relief value of Z6, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. 16The elevation values are for 16 sampling points within the range. By moving the calculation window, the roughness and undulation of all grid points within the work area can be calculated.
[0050] Specifically, the GIS processing software in S2 can be QGIS software. The principle of the mean change point statistical method for undulation in S2 is explained through the following steps of determining the optimal analysis window using the mean change point method:
[0051] a. Calculate the average undulation per unit area, i.e., the unit topography T, under N incremental analysis windows. The formula is:
[0052] T i =t i / s i (3)
[0053] Among them, T i t represents the unit topography in the i-th analysis window; i The average fluctuation; s i To analyze the window area.
[0054] b. Take the logarithm lnT of the sequence T to obtain the nonlinear sequence sample X. k k = 1, 2, ..., N.
[0055] c. For each k (k≥2), divide the sample sequence into two segments, namely X1, X2, ..., X... k-1 and X k X k+1 , ..., X N Calculate the arithmetic mean of the two segments of the sequence. and the arithmetic mean of the total sample
[0056] d. Calculate the statistic, the formula is:
[0057]
[0058]
[0059] In the formula, S is the sum of squared deviations of the total sample; S k The sum of the squared deviations of the two sample segments is the sum of the squared deviations. The existence of the change point will affect the relationship between S and S. k The gap between them is widening, SS k The analysis window corresponding to the maximum value is the optimal analysis window.
[0060] Specifically, S3 can be implemented by: extracting negative terrain data of the work area using GIS processing software based on the optimal terrain statistical grid; converting the negative terrain data into surface data, and using the area represented by the negative terrain data obtained after optimization processing as the negative terrain area for deploying blast points. The optimization processing can involve optimizing small-area surface data and holes, for example, filtering out some holes to extract negative terrain data suitable for blast point deployment, while the positive terrain data is set as an obstacle zone.
[0061] Specifically, S4 can be implemented by using a weighted method to calculate the construction difficulty of each grid point in the work area based on geographical information such as elevation, roughness, and undulation.
[0062]
[0063] In the formula: P represents the construction difficulty of the central grid point, Z represents the elevation, C represents the roughness, F represents the surface relief, and Z represents the surface roughness. c C is the elevation weighting coefficient. c F is the roughness weighting coefficient. c This is the weighting coefficient for surface relief. The weighting coefficient can be set according to the terrain characteristics.
[0064] Specifically, S5 can be implemented by including the following steps: defining the area outside the negative terrain area as an obstacle zone within the work area; matching the theoretical shot point information with the elevation value, roughness, undulation and construction difficulty of each grid point in the work area; and determining the shot points that need to be offset based on the obstacle zone and the preset roughness threshold and undulation threshold.
[0065] Specifically, searching for the offset positions of the blasting point to be offset within the work area, and selecting the position with the smallest distance from the blasting point from the offset positions, can include: searching for the nearest grid points of the blasting point to be offset, and determining the nearest grid points whose construction difficulty does not exceed a preset construction difficulty threshold as the offset positions of the blasting point; selecting the position with the smallest distance from the blasting point from the offset positions as the offset position of the blasting point. Searching for the nearest grid points of the blasting point to be offset can include: searching for nearest grid points with an initial radius of one grid size; if the construction difficulty of a nearest grid point exceeds the construction difficulty threshold, increasing the initial radius by one grid size, and searching for nearest grid points within the increased radius.
[0066] For example, the loading of the work area observation system involves designing shot points, observation schemes, and theoretical shot points, and matching the elevation, roughness, surface relief, and construction difficulty of corresponding grid points. Terrain migration is then performed using a shot point migration algorithm based on a neighborhood search for construction difficulty. Centered on a specific shot point and with the grid size as the initial search radius, shot points not yet migrated to the construction trajectory are migrated using this algorithm. Grid points with a construction difficulty value less than a threshold are searched by distance. If no suitable point is found, the search range is increased by the grid size, selecting grid points that meet the construction difficulty threshold. Finally, the grid point with the smallest distance from the shot point is determined; this point is the migrated shot point location. In one possible implementation, this distance can be the Manhattan distance.
[0067] Based on the above steps, the method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas provided in this application adopts high-precision DEM data actually acquired by LiDAR, optimizes the best terrain grid by using the mean change point statistical method of undulation, calculates the positive and negative terrain and the construction difficulty of shot points based on the optimal grid, and proposes a method for determining the offset of shot points based on the neighborhood search of the construction difficulty of negative terrain data. This enables the automated layout of shot points in complex work areas such as wind-eroded hill areas, shortens the pre-design cycle of shot points, and realizes the automated gridded layout of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to terrain offset. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of shot point layout, greatly enhances construction quality and production efficiency, and thus meets the actual production needs.
[0068] Below, taking a 3D seismic exploration project in a mountainous area with relatively small local topographic relief as an example, the shot point offset method in a wind-eroded hill area according to an embodiment of this application may specifically include the following steps:
[0069] 1) Define the grid size of the regular grid DEM data and extract the elevation value of each grid point in the work area from the acquired LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM).
[0070] 2) Based on the elevation values of each point within the grid window where the center point of a certain grid is located, the roughness C of that grid point is calculated using the following formula (1):
[0071]
[0072] The grid window consists of 9 grid points, where C is the roughness of the center point Z5, Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the 9 sampling points within the range, and dx and dy are the smallest grid units.
[0073] The topographic relief F is defined as the difference between the highest and lowest points in the analysis area.
[0074] F = z max -z min(2)
[0075] The horizontal and vertical dimensions in the analysis area are integer multiples of the grid. Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show the shot point offset based on the construction trajectory. If it is an even-numbered grid, see Figure 3(a), where F is the undulation value of Z5, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. If it is an odd-numbered grid, see Figure 3(b), where F is the undulation value of Z6, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. 16 The elevation values are for the 16 sampling points within the range.
[0076] By moving the calculation window, you can complete the calculation of roughness and undulation of all grid points in the work area.
[0077] 3) Use professional GIS processing software to determine the optimal terrain statistical grid using the mean variation point statistical method of undulation. The specific steps are as follows:
[0078] a. Calculate the average undulation per unit area under N incremental analysis windows, i.e., the unit topography T, using the following formula (3):
[0079] T i =t i / s i (3)
[0080] In the formula, T i t represents the unit topography in the i-th analysis window; i The average fluctuation; s i To analyze the window area.
[0081] b. Take the logarithm ln T of the sequence T to obtain the nonlinear sequence sample X. k k = 1, 2, ..., N.
[0082] c. For each k (k≥2), divide the sample sequence into two segments, namely X1, X2, ..., X... k-1 and X k X k+1 , ..., X N Calculate the arithmetic mean of the two segments of the sequence. and the arithmetic mean of the total sample
[0083] d. Calculate the statistic using the following formula:
[0084]
[0085]
[0086] In the formula, S is the sum of squared deviations of the total sample; S kIt is the sum of the squared deviations of the two sample segments.
[0087] The existence of a change point will cause S and S k The gap between them is widening, SS k The analysis window corresponding to the maximum value is the optimal analysis window.
[0088] 4) Based on the optimal topographic statistical grid, use professional GIS processing software to extract the negative topographic data of the work area.
[0089] 5) Convert negative terrain data into area data, and optimize small areas and holes. Further filter negative terrain data, such as removing larger holes. The area formed by the retained negative terrain data becomes the area where firing points are to be deployed. Extract the negative terrain data for deployable points, and correspondingly set the positive terrain data as obstacle zones.
[0090] 6) The construction difficulty of each grid point in the work area is calculated using a weighted method based on geographical information such as elevation, roughness, and undulation, using the following formula (6):
[0091]
[0092] In the formula: P represents the construction difficulty of the central grid point, Z represents the elevation, C represents the roughness, F represents the surface relief, and Z represents the surface roughness. c C is the elevation weighting coefficient. c For roughness weighting coefficient, F c Surface relief weighting coefficients. These weighting coefficients can be set according to the terrain characteristics. For example, in one possible embodiment, the roughness weighting coefficient, surface relief weighting coefficient, and elevation weighting coefficient are 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively.
[0093] 7) Load the work area observation system to design shot points, matching the elevation, roughness, surface relief, and construction difficulty of the corresponding grid points. In practical engineering applications, construction is usually carried out based on the observation plan. Loading the work area observation system to design shot points can be understood as loading the theoretical shot points given by the work area observation system. The relevant information of the designed shot points is included in the observation plan.
[0094] 8) Based on the roughness and terrain undulation thresholds set for shot point offset, determine the shot points that need to be offset. Then, determine the shot point offset according to the shot point offset algorithm based on the neighborhood search of construction difficulty, and finally implement terrain offset according to the determined position.
[0095] For example, taking a certain shot point P(x0,y0) as the center, with the grid size as the initial search radius, and according to the Manhattan distance r=|x i -x0|+|y i -y0| Searches for grid points with a construction difficulty value less than a threshold, combined with Figure 4 As shown, on the grid, point P at the center is the shot point, and the gradually increasing boxes from the inside out represent different search ranges. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a neighborhood search based on Manhattan distance. It searches for nearest-neighbor grid points with an initial radius of one grid size. If the construction difficulty of a nearest-neighbor grid point exceeds a construction difficulty threshold, the initial radius is increased by one grid size. That is, if no points meet the requirements, the search range is expanded by the grid size as the step size, and the nearest-neighbor grid points within the increased radius are searched. Grid points that meet the construction difficulty threshold are selected.
[0096] From the nearest neighbor grid points found above, determine which grid point has the smallest distance from the shot point position, and identify that point as the shot point's offset position.
[0097] In one example, the above process of neighborhood search based on construction difficulty can be implemented through the following steps:
[0098]
[0099] In one instance, this method for determining the shot point offset in a wind-eroded hill area was implemented, and the results were as follows: Figures 5(a) to 5(d) The diagrams shown are the automated shot point offset results based on LiDAR data. Figure 5(a) shows the effect after extracting negative terrain mesh data, with green areas representing negative terrain regions and gray areas representing obstacle areas. Figure 5(b) shows the effect after calculating roughness. Figure 5(c) shows the effect after calculating construction difficulty. In Figure 5(d), the points in the gray area represent the shot points that need to be offset, and the points in the blue area represent the offset positions of the shot points determined according to the method of this application. It is clear that the shot points that need to be offset have achieved excellent offset results, meeting actual production needs and improving the efficiency and accuracy of shot point pre-design in complex work areas.
[0100] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for offsetting shot points in a wind-eroded hill area. The method includes: applying the shot point offset determination method in a wind-eroded hill area as described above to determine the offset position of shot points in the wind-eroded hill area, and offsetting the shot points according to the corresponding offset positions.
[0101] In another possible instance, the shot point offset method for wind-eroded residual hill areas provided in this application embodiment can also be implemented by including the following steps:
[0102] (1) Define the grid size of the regular grid DEM data and extract the elevation value of each grid point in the work area from the LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM).
[0103] (2) Using GIS processing software, the optimal topographic statistical grid was selected by means of the mean change point statistical method of undulation. The grid size was 18m.
[0104] (3) Based on the optimal topographic grid, use GIS processing software to extract the negative topographic data of the work area, and set the remaining areas as obstacle areas where no points can be placed.
[0105] (4) Calculate the roughness, terrain undulation, and construction difficulty P of the work area according to the grid.
[0106] (5) Determine the shot points that need to be offset based on the roughness threshold, undulation threshold, and obstacle zone set for shot point offset. For example, the roughness threshold is set to 1.155 and the undulation threshold is set to 5.
[0107] (6) The shot points are offset by terrain according to the shot point offset algorithm based on the neighborhood search of construction difficulty.
[0108] Specifically, surface roughness can be calculated through the following process, combined with... Figure 2 The surface roughness of a grid point is calculated using the following formula, based on its elevation value:
[0109]
[0110] In the formula: C is the roughness of Z5, Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the 9 sampling points within the range of values, and dx and dy are the smallest grid cells.
[0111] Specifically, the terrain relief can be calculated as follows, defined as the difference between the highest and lowest points within the analysis area: F = z max -z min .
[0112] In the analysis area, both the horizontal and vertical dimensions are integer multiples of the grid. Referring to Figure 3(a), if the grid is even, F represents the undulation value of the point corresponding to Z5, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. Referring to Figure 3(b), if the grid is odd, F represents the undulation value of the point corresponding to Z6, and Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevations of the nine sampling points within the range. 16 The elevation values are for the 16 sampling points within the range.
[0113] Specifically, the construction difficulty can be calculated as follows: based on geographical information such as elevation, surface roughness, and terrain undulation, the construction difficulty of all grid points is calculated using the following formula:
[0114]
[0115] In the formula: P represents the construction difficulty of the central grid point, Z represents the elevation, C represents the roughness, F represents the surface relief, and Z represents the surface roughness. cC is the elevation weighting coefficient. c For roughness weighting coefficient, F c Surface relief weighting coefficient.
[0116] The shot point offset method for wind-eroded hill areas provided in this application applies the shot point offset determination method for wind-eroded hill areas provided in this application. It uses high-precision DEM data actually acquired by LiDAR, optimizes the best terrain grid by using the mean change point statistical method of undulation, calculates the positive and negative terrain and the construction difficulty of shot points based on the optimal grid, and proposes a shot point offset determination method based on the construction difficulty of negative terrain data. Then, it applies this determination method to implement shot point offset, thereby realizing the automated layout of shot points in complex work areas such as wind-eroded hill areas, shortening the shot point pre-design cycle, and realizing the automated gridded layout of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to terrain offset. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of shot point layout, greatly enhances construction quality and production efficiency, and thus meets actual production needs.
[0117] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining the offset of shot points in an eroded hill area according to another embodiment of this application.
[0118] Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides a shot point offset determination device 10 for wind-eroded hill areas, including: a first module 11, used to acquire initial DEM data and work area information based on LiDAR, and extract elevation values from the initial DEM data; wherein, the work area information includes theoretical shot point information to be deployed; a second module 12, used to calculate roughness and undulation based on the elevation values, and calculate the optimal terrain statistical grid using the undulation mean variable point statistical method; a third module 13, used to extract negative terrain grid data based on the optimal terrain statistical grid and the work area information, and determine the negative terrain area for deploying shot points; a fourth module 14, used to calculate the construction difficulty of the work area according to the elevation values, the roughness, and the undulation; a fifth module 15, used to determine the shot points that need to be offset according to the elevation values, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty; and a sixth module 16, used to search for offset positions of the shot points that need to be offset within the work area, and select the position with the smallest distance from the shot points as the offset position of the shot points from the offset positions.
[0119] More details and beneficial effects of this embodiment can be found in the descriptions of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0120] Any plurality of the functional modules included in the aforementioned device 10 may be combined into one module, or any one of the modules may be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least a portion of the functionality of one or more of these modules may be combined with at least a portion of the functionality of other modules and implemented in one module. At least one of the functional modules included in the aforementioned device 10 may be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a System-on-Chip, a System-on-Substrate, a System-on-Package, an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging circuitry, or implemented in hardware or firmware, or in any one of software, hardware, and firmware implementations, or in a suitable combination of any of these. Alternatively, at least one of the functional modules included in the device 10 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which, when run, can perform corresponding functions.
[0121] It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless specific conditions are specified, are generally determined according to national standards. If no corresponding national standard exists, then generally accepted international standards, conventional conditions, or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.
[0122] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0123] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.
Claims
1. A method for determining the offset of shot points in a wind-eroded hill area, characterized in that, include: Acquire initial DEM data and work area information based on LiDAR, and extract elevation values from the initial DEM data; wherein, the work area information includes theoretical shot point information to be deployed; Roughness and undulation are calculated based on the elevation values, and the optimal terrain statistical grid is calculated using the mean variable point statistical method of undulation. Based on the optimal terrain statistical grid and the work area information, negative terrain grid data is extracted to determine the negative terrain area for laying out blast points. The construction difficulty of the work area is calculated based on the elevation value, the roughness, and the undulation. The blasting points that need to be offset are determined based on the elevation value, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty. Search for the offset positions of the shot point that needs to be offset within the work area, and select the position with the smallest distance from the shot point as the offset position of the shot point.
2. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of extracting elevation values from the initial DEM data includes: Define the grid size for regular grid DEM data; Based on the grid size, the elevation value of each grid point in the work area is extracted from the initial DEM data.
3. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roughness calculation based on the elevation value includes: For each grid point, construct a grid window centered on that grid point; Based on the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window, the roughness of the center point is calculated using the following formula to obtain the roughness of the grid point. Where C is the roughness of the center point, Z1, Z2, ..., Z9 are the elevation values of each grid point covered by the grid window, and dx, dy are the smallest grid units.
4. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of undulation based on the elevation value includes: For each grid point, the undulation of the grid point is calculated using the following formula, based on the elevation values of the grid points covered by the window. F=z max -With min Where F is the undulation value of the grid point, z max z is the maximum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window. min The minimum elevation value of the grid points covered by the calculation window.
5. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The step of extracting negative terrain grid data and determining the negative terrain area for placing blast points based on the optimal terrain statistical grid and the work area information includes: Based on the optimal terrain statistics grid, negative terrain data of the work area is extracted using GIS processing software; The negative terrain data is converted into surface data and optimized. The resulting negative terrain data represents the area used for setting up gun positions.
6. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, Calculating the construction difficulty of the work area based on the elevation value, roughness, and undulation includes: calculating the construction difficulty of each grid point using the following formula, based on the elevation value, roughness, and undulation of each grid point in the work area. Where P represents the construction difficulty of the central grid point, Z represents the elevation value of the grid point, C represents the roughness of the grid point, and F represents the undulation of the grid point. c C is the elevation weighting coefficient. c F is the roughness weighting coefficient. c This is the fluctuation weighting coefficient.
7. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded residual hill areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of determining the shot points that need to be offset based on the elevation value, the roughness, the undulation, and the construction difficulty includes: Within the work area, the area outside the negative terrain region is designated as an obstacle zone; The theoretical shot point information is matched with the elevation value, roughness, undulation, and construction difficulty of each grid point in the work area; Based on the obstacle zone and the preset roughness and undulation thresholds, the shot points that need to be offset are determined.
8. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of searching for the offset positions of the shot point within the work area, and selecting the position with the smallest distance from the shot point as the offset position of the shot point, includes: Search for the nearest grid points of the shot point that needs to be offset, and determine the nearest grid points whose construction difficulty does not exceed the preset construction difficulty threshold as the offset positions of the shot point; Select the position with the smallest distance from the firing point from the offset positions as the offset position of the firing point.
9. The method for determining the offset of shot points in wind-eroded hill areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The search for the nearest grid points of the gun point that needs to be offset includes: searching for the nearest grid points with an initial radius of one grid size; if the construction difficulty of the nearest grid point exceeds the construction difficulty threshold, increasing the initial radius by one grid size, and searching for the nearest grid points within the increased radius.
10. A method for offsetting shot points in wind-eroded hill areas, characterized in that, include: Using the method for determining the offset of blast points in the wind-eroded hill area according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the offset position of the blast points in the wind-eroded hill area is determined, and the blast points are offset according to the corresponding offset positions.