A driving device and a changeover switch
By using a drive unit and a changeover switch to switch the series, parallel, and disconnected positions between voltage platforms in new energy vehicles, the problem of large size, high cost, and high safety risks associated with the three-relay solution is solved, achieving safe and efficient voltage platform switching.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIAN SINOKE NEW ENERGY TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN122136199A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of switching devices, specifically to driving devices and changeover switches used in switching devices. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing prevalence of 800V platforms in new energy vehicle power systems, the original 400V charging stations can no longer meet charging requirements. Currently, there are two solutions in the industry. Solution one uses a reused electric drive boost method, which is widely adopted by domestic automakers. Its advantages include not occupying space for battery cell placement and maximizing energy density. The disadvantages are significant design modifications, high initial investment, and limited charging power. Solution two divides the battery pack into two battery modules. Switching between the 400V and 800V platforms is achieved by converting the series and parallel connections of the two modules. Under normal operating conditions, it operates in series mode (800V), switching to parallel mode (400V) when charging at a 400V charging station. The two 400V platforms (power supply B1 and power supply B2) are controlled by the on / off states of three relays (K1, K2, K3). This solution is widely used by overseas automakers. Its advantages are minimal changes to the high-voltage system design and higher charging power; the disadvantages are larger space requirements and higher cost.
[0003] The second scheme described above achieves this by using three relays (K1, K2, and K3) in the circuit. However, besides being bulky and costly, this three-relay scheme lacks mechanical interlocking, posing a significant safety risk and failing to meet the usage requirements. Therefore, the aforementioned problems are technical challenges that urgently need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a driving device and a changeover switch. The driving device enables switching between at least two positions. When applied to a changeover switch, it allows for switching between at least two positions, such as series, parallel, and open positions. The product has a compact structure, small size, and simple control logic.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a driving device, comprising a power source, a transmission mechanism, an actuator, and a position feedback device; The power source drives the transmission mechanism to move according to the received control signal, and the transmission mechanism drives the actuator to switch between at least two positions. The position feedback device collects the position information of the actuator displacement and feeds the position information back to the control module that sends control signals. The control module determines the position of the actuator based on the received position information. When it determines that the actuator is in a position that needs to be switched, the control module sends a control signal to the power source to control the power source to turn on and off.
[0006] Furthermore, the control module is located outside the drive device, or integrated into the drive device to form part of the drive device.
[0007] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is a linear displacement or angular displacement mechanism.
[0008] Furthermore, the power source is an electric motor or an electromagnetic system.
[0009] Furthermore, when the power source is an electric motor, the actuator is a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism includes at least one cam and a linear displacement push rod. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft, and the other end of the drive shaft abuts against the cam curve of the cam. The cam curve is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the cam or on the side surface of the cam.
[0010] Furthermore, when the cam curve is set on the side of the cam, a cam curve groove is provided on the side of the cam, and one end of the drive shaft abuts in the cam curve groove. During the rotation of the cam, the drive shaft is driven to slide in the cam curve groove.
[0011] Furthermore, when the power source is a stepper motor, the control module controls the number of steps of the stepper motor; when the power source is a brushless motor, the control module controls the brushless motor's movement through a Hall sensor.
[0012] Furthermore, when the power source is an electromagnetic system, it includes at least one electromagnetic coil, a moving iron core, and a push rod, with the moving iron core and the push rod being fixedly connected; the transmission mechanism is the moving iron core, and the execution mechanism is the push rod; the control module is connected to the electromagnetic coil, and the control module controls the electromagnetic coil to be energized to drive the moving iron core to linear displacement with the push rod; the control module controls the electromagnetic coil to be de-energized or energized in the reverse direction, and the moving iron core, with the push rod, resets or moves in the opposite direction.
[0013] Furthermore, the position feedback device is any one of a position sensor, a micro switch, and a voltage sampling device; the position sensor, micro switch, and voltage sampling device are connected to the control module.
[0014] Furthermore, the position sensor includes a rotary position sensor and a linear position sensor. The rotary position sensor is coaxially arranged with the rotation axis of the actuator or the rotation axis of the driven object to sense the rotation angle of the actuator and the driven object. The linear position sensor is located at a corresponding position on the linear displacement path of the actuator. A blocking structure is provided on the push rod of the linear displacement of the actuator. When the push rod moves, the blocking structure pushes the sliding end of the linear position sensor on the displacement path to respond to the displacement position of the push rod. The control module controls the opening and closing of the power source according to the position information fed back by the position sensor.
[0015] Furthermore, when the actuator is a cam mechanism, the rotary position sensor is coaxially arranged with the cam of the cam mechanism.
[0016] Furthermore, microswitches are respectively provided at corresponding positions in different displacement directions along the linear displacement path of the actuator, and a blocking structure is provided on the push rod of the linear displacement of the actuator. When the blocking structure moves with the push rod, it touches the corresponding microswitch and actuates. The control module obtains position information based on the change of the on / off state of the microswitch at the corresponding position, and controls the opening and closing of the power source.
[0017] Furthermore, when the actuator includes a cam and the cam curve is set on the outer peripheral surface of the cam, the micro switch is set at the corresponding position of the required switching position on the outer peripheral surface of the cam. When the cam rotates to the micro switch, it triggers the micro switch to operate. The control module obtains position information according to the change in the switching state of the micro switch at the corresponding position, and controls the opening and closing of the power source.
[0018] This invention also improves a changeover switch, including the aforementioned driving device, at least two sets of stationary contacts, and at least one set of moving contacts. The control module is located within the changeover switch to form a built-in control module, or the control module is located at the user end to form an external control module. Each set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact that are insulated from each other. The push rod of the actuator is connected to the moving contact. Each set of stationary contacts can be connected in series in at least one external circuit. The driving device drives the actuator to move the moving contact in at least two directions, thereby activating each set of stationary contacts through the different displacement directions of the moving contact, thus activating the external circuit where each set of stationary contacts is located.
[0019] Furthermore, it includes at least two sets of moving contacts, with the push rod of the actuator connected to the moving contacts to drive the moving contacts to move in at least two displacement directions; two sets of stationary contacts are horizontally spaced apart, with one set of stationary contacts corresponding to one set of moving contacts, and located on the displacement path of the moving contacts in the first displacement direction; the other ends of the first stationary contact in one set of stationary contacts and the second stationary contact in the other set of stationary contacts respectively extend to the displacement path of the second displacement direction of one set of moving contacts, and the first stationary contact and the second stationary contact located on the displacement path in the second displacement direction have different polarities when connected to the power supply of the external circuit they are in; When the actuator moves the moving contact in the first displacement direction, each set of moving contacts connects to a corresponding set of stationary contacts, making the external circuits where each set of stationary contacts is located conductive and connected in parallel. At this time, the moving contact is in a parallel position. When the actuator moves the moving contact in the second displacement direction, one set of moving contacts makes conductive contact with the first and second stationary contacts located on the displacement path in the second displacement direction, making the external circuits where each set of stationary contacts is located connected in series. At this time, the moving contact is in a series position. When the moving contact is between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, the position of the moving contact is the breaking position.
[0020] Furthermore, it includes at least two sets of moving contacts, and the push rod of the actuator is rotatably connected to the moving contacts to drive the moving contacts to move in at least two displacement directions; the two sets of stationary contacts are provided with an insulating gap between them, wherein the second stationary contacts of each set are provided correspondingly in the upper and lower positions; one set of moving contacts and the first stationary contact of one set of stationary contacts are connected by a conductive flexible connector. One set of moving contacts is located between the second stationary contact of the corresponding set of stationary contacts and the second stationary contact of the adjacent set of stationary contacts; Each group of stationary contacts is connected in series in at least one external circuit. The first stationary contact of each group of stationary contacts can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply of at least one of the external circuits. The second stationary contact of each group of stationary contacts can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply of another external circuit. The stationary contacts of the same group are connected to the same power supply polarity of different external circuits. The actuator drives the moving contact to move along at least two displacement directions, so that the moving contact switches between a parallel position and a series position; First displacement direction: The actuator drives the moving contact to move along the first displacement direction, so that the moving contact of each group of stationary contacts makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact of that group, so that the external circuits where each group of stationary contacts is located are connected in parallel, and the moving contact is in a parallel position; Second displacement direction: The actuator drives the moving contact of each group of stationary contacts to move along the second displacement direction, so that the moving contact located between two adjacent second stationary contacts makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact of another group of stationary contacts, so that the external circuits where each group of stationary contacts is located are connected in series, and the moving contact is in a series position; the moving contact located outside two adjacent second contacts does not contact any of the second contacts.
[0021] Furthermore, when the moving contact is between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, the moving contact is not in contact with any of the second stationary contacts in each group. At this time, the moving contact is in the disconnected position.
[0022] Furthermore, when the moving contact and the first stationary contact are electrically connected through a flexible connector, a rotating shaft is provided at the flexible connector, and a rotary position sensor is provided at the rotating shaft.
[0023] Furthermore, the terminals of the changeover switch are all connected to the control module as voltage sampling points of the voltage sampling device, and the collected voltage signals at different series, parallel and disconnected positions are fed back to the control module. The control module controls the on / off state of the power source according to the feedback voltage signals.
[0024] This invention uses a position feedback device to feed back position information, and the control module controls the on / off state of the power source based on the feedback position information, thereby precisely controlling the switching between positions.
[0025] After the position is switched, the control module shuts off the power source and uses the self-locking function of the drive rod device, such as the self-locking function of the worm gear and the self-locking function between the worm and the gear transmission mechanism, to make the power consumption zero when the position is held, thereby reducing energy loss. In addition, the various working positions are naturally interlocked, which ensures high safety.
[0026] The changeover switch of the present invention, by using a driving device, can realize switching between multiple workstations and multiple positions. It can be used between at least two voltage platforms in new energy vehicles to realize switching between three positions: series, parallel and disconnection between at least two voltage platforms. At the same time, one changeover switch of the present invention replaces the existing three relays to achieve the functions of series, parallel and disconnection, saving costs, reducing space occupation, and simplifying the control logic of the system.
[0027] The changeover switch of this invention can also be used in circuits where multiple power sources require switching between multiple stations and positions. When there is only one moving contact, it can also be used between two power sources to switch between the two power sources supplying power separately. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is the control logic diagram of the drive device.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the changeover switch. The state shown in the diagram is the structural state when the moving contact is in the open position.
[0030] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram showing the changeover switch in the off position. The dashed area in the diagram represents the changeover switch.
[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving contact is in the parallel position.
[0032] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram showing the changeover switch in the parallel position. The dashed area in the diagram represents the changeover switch.
[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving contact is in the series position.
[0034] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram showing the changeover switch in the series position. The dashed area in the diagram represents the changeover switch.
[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a changeover switch that uses a set of moving contacts.
[0036] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of a set of moving contacts, in which, Figure 9 a supplies power to the external circuit where power supply B1 is located, and the external circuit where power supply B2 is located is de-energized; Figure 9 b means that the external circuit containing power supply B1 is de-energized and the external circuit containing power supply B2 is energized. Figure 9 c indicates that the external circuit containing power supply B1 is de-energized, and the external circuit containing power supply B2 is de-energized. The dashed area in the diagram represents the changeover switch.
[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a rotary position sensor coaxially mounted with a cam.
[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure in which the rotary position sensor and the rotating shaft at the flexible connector are coaxially arranged.
[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a direct-acting position sensor.
[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a micro switch installed on the outer periphery of the cam curve.
[0041] Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of a micro switch installed along the linear displacement path of the push rod.
[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage sampling setup.
[0043] Figure Labels Control module 1, power source / motor 2, transmission mechanism 3, actuator 4, position feedback device 5, turbine 6, gear one 7, gear two 8, cam 9, push rod 10, rotary position sensor 12, direct-acting position sensor 13, blocking structure (14, 15, 17), micro switch 16, first stationary contact 31, second stationary contact 32, first stationary contact 33, second stationary contact 34, first moving contact 35, second moving contact 36, flexible connector (37, 38), rotating shaft 39, first moving contact 40, first stationary contact 41, voltage sampling points (42, 43). Detailed Implementation
[0044] The driving device of the present invention includes a power source, a transmission mechanism, an actuator, and a position feedback device; The power source drives the transmission mechanism to move according to the received control signal, and the transmission mechanism drives the actuator to switch between at least two positions. The position feedback device collects the position information of the actuator displacement and feeds the position information back to the control module that sends the control signal. The control module determines the position of the actuator based on the received position information. When it determines that the actuator is in a position that needs to be switched, the control module sends a control signal to the power source to control the power source to turn on and off.
[0045] The control module is located outside the drive device, or integrated into the drive device to form part of the drive device.
[0046] The position feedback device includes any one of the following: position sensor, micro switch, and voltage sampling.
[0047] The changeover switch includes the aforementioned drive device, at least two sets of stationary contacts, and at least one set of moving contacts. The control module is located within the changeover switch to form a built-in control module, or the control module is located at the user end to form an external control module. Each set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact that are insulated from each other. The push rod of the actuator is connected to the moving contact. Each set of stationary contacts can be connected in series in at least one external circuit. The drive device drives the actuator to move the moving contact in at least two directions, thereby activating each set of stationary contacts through the different displacement directions of the moving contact, thus activating the external circuit where each set of stationary contacts is located.
[0048] The following describes preferred embodiments in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The directional terms used are for reference only and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this invention.
[0049] Drive unit, see Figure 1 It includes a control module 1, a power source 2, a transmission mechanism 3, an actuator 4, and a position feedback device 5. The power source 2 and the position feedback device 5 are respectively connected to the control module. The control module controls the on / off state of the power source. The power source drives the transmission mechanism to make linear or angular displacements. The transmission mechanism drives the actuator to make displacements in at least two directions and switch between at least two positions. The position feedback device feeds back the position information of the actuator to the control module. The control module controls the on / off state of the power source based on the position information fed back by the position feedback device 5.
[0050] Control module 1 is a controller, which can be set outside the drive device, such as at the user end, or it can be integrated into the drive device to form part of the drive device.
[0051] Power source 2 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to provide driving force for the transmission mechanism. Power source 2 is either a motor or an electromagnet. Control module 1 is connected to power source 2 to control the on / off state of the motor or electromagnet.
[0052] Transmission mechanism 3 includes, but is not limited to, gear transmission, worm gear transmission, linkage transmission, screw transmission, friction wheel transmission, belt transmission, chain transmission, pneumatic transmission, hydraulic transmission, etc. It transmits driving force or changes the direction, magnitude, and speed at which the driving force is applied.
[0053] Actuator 4, under the action of driving force, performs the final action and switches between at least two positions.
[0054] The position feedback module 5 is set on the rotation axis of the actuator or on the linear displacement path of the actuator, or it can be set on the rotation axis or linear displacement path of the target object driven by the drive device.
[0055] In application, the drive device, as an important core component of the changeover switch, drives the contact system of the changeover switch to switch between positions, realizing the on / off state of the changeover switch, or, based on the on / off state of the changeover switch, switching between series and parallel positions.
[0056] When power source 2 adopts an electromagnetic system, it includes at least one electromagnetic coil, one moving iron core, and at least one stationary iron core. The moving iron core is fixedly connected to the push rod, which serves as a transmission mechanism and the push rod as an actuator. The control module controls the on / off state of the power supply to the electromagnetic coil. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, it generates a magnetic field that causes the stationary iron core to generate a magnetic attraction force. The magnetic attraction force drives the moving iron core to move linearly. Through the linear displacement of the moving iron core, the push rod is also moved linearly. When the moving iron core attracts the stationary iron core, the moving iron core stops moving. After reaching the position, the control module controls the battery coil to be de-energized, the stationary iron core loses its magnetic attraction force, and the moving iron core, along with the push rod, returns to its original position, realizing the switching between the two positions.
[0057] When the power source 2 uses electromagnetic induction, switching between at least three positions can be achieved by using two or more electromagnetic coils. The electromagnetic induction includes a first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil that move in opposite directions. The first electromagnetic coil drives the actuator to move in the first displacement direction, and the second electromagnetic coil drives the actuator to move in the second displacement direction. The position between the first and second displacement directions is the initial position, thus enabling switching between the initial position, the final position in the first displacement direction, and the final position in the second displacement direction.
[0058] When power source 2 is a motor, switching between at least two positions can be achieved. The following explanation uses the application of a drive shaft device in a changeover switch, with power source 2 being a motor, as an example.
[0059] A changeover switch includes a drive unit and a contact system. The contact system includes at least two sets of stationary contacts and one set of moving contacts. The actuator of the drive unit is connected to the moving contacts. The drive unit drives the moving contacts to move, causing them to make conductive contact with the two sets of stationary contacts, thus switching between the external circuits containing the two sets of stationary contacts. This achieves switching between at least two sets of external circuits containing stationary contacts; that is, after switching, at least one set of external circuits containing stationary contacts is operational. It can also switch between parallel and series connections between the two sets of external circuits containing stationary contacts, as well as between parallel, series, and disconnected connections; in other words, it can switch between at least two positions.
[0060] For the structural principle of the changeover switch, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2The contact system includes two sets of stationary contacts and two sets of moving contacts. The two sets of stationary contacts serve as the terminals of the changeover switch. Each set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact with an insulating gap. The first set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact 31 and a second stationary contact 32, and the second set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact 33 and a second stationary contact 34. The two sets of moving contacts each include a first moving contact 35 and a second moving contact 36. The first moving contact 35 is electrically connected to the first stationary contact 31 of the first set of stationary contacts via a conductive flexible connector 37, and the second moving contact 36 is electrically connected to the first stationary contact 33 of the second set of stationary contacts via a conductive flexible connector 38. A rotating shaft 39 is provided at the conductive flexible connectors (37, 38), and the moving contacts are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 39 via brackets, allowing the moving contacts to rotate and move around the rotating shaft 39. The second stationary contacts of the two sets of stationary contacts are respectively located on the displacement paths of the two sets of moving contacts in the first displacement direction. Specifically, the second stationary contact 34 of the second set of stationary contacts is located on the displacement path of the first moving contact 35 in the second displacement direction, which is electrically connected to the first stationary contact 31 of the first set of stationary contacts. No stationary contact is provided on the displacement path of the second moving contact 36 in the second displacement direction. The first moving contact 35 and the second moving contact 36 are respectively connected to the actuator 4.
[0061] Power source 2 is an electric motor, which cooperates with transmission mechanism 3 through a reducer. The motor 2 drives the reducer to rotate, and the reducer drives the transmission mechanism to transmit driving force. In this embodiment, the reducer adopts a worm gear mechanism 6, and the worm is connected to the output shaft of the motor 2. When using a worm gear mechanism as the reducer, the transmission mechanism 3 is preferably a gear transmission mechanism, which transmits power through meshing gears, such as a gear transmission mechanism composed of meshing gear 7 and gear 8. Gear 7 is coaxially fixed with the worm gear mechanism 6. When using an electric motor, the actuator 4 adopts a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism includes at least one cam 9, a push rod 10, and a drive shaft (not shown). One end of the drive shaft is fixedly connected to the push rod 10, and the other end of the drive shaft slides against the cam curve surface of the cam curve of the cam 9. By rotating the cam 9, the drive shaft 9 drives the push rod 10 to make linear displacement relative to the stationary contact. The push rod 10 is rotatably connected to the first moving contact 35 and the second moving contact 36. Through the linear displacement of the push rod 10, the first moving contact 35 and the second moving contact 36 are driven to move relative to the two sets of stationary contacts in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction.
[0062] On the contact surface where the cam 9 cooperates with the drive shaft, there are different working surfaces with position switching. By rotating the cam 9, the switching of different working surfaces is achieved. When the drive shaft is on different working surfaces, it is at different high and low positions of the cam 9, so as to realize the position switching of the push rod 10 carrying the moving contact. The second gear 8 is fixedly arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft of the cam 9. The push rod 10 is limited by a limiting mechanism so that the push rod 10 can only perform a linear position movement. The limiting structure can be a limiting chute arranged on the driving device.
[0063] The cam curve is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the cam. A cam curve groove can be arranged on the side surface of the cam. In order to enable the cam 9 to better provide the driving force in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, a cam curve groove is arranged on the side surface of the cam 9, and one end of the drive shaft is arranged in the cam curve groove in a sliding manner. During the rotation of the cam, the drive shaft is driven to slide in the cam curve groove, and the outer wall and inner wall of the cam curve groove provide the jacking force in the first displacement direction and the pulling force in the second displacement direction for the drive shaft.
[0064] By the rotation of the motor 2, the reducer is driven to rotate. By the rotation of the reducer, the gear transmission mechanism is driven to rotate. Then, the cam 9 of the cam mechanism is driven to rotate by the gear transmission mechanism, so as to drive the drive shaft to carry the push rod 10 to perform a linear displacement action along the curve change of the cam curve groove. By the different positions of the drive shaft in the cam curve groove, the switching of at least two positions is realized.
[0065] In some embodiments, in order to make the actuator operate smoothly, at least two groups of cams, drive shafts and push rods can be adopted to perform synchronous actions. Such a structure is that two cams are fixedly arranged coaxially, and the two cams are arranged at intervals. When transmitted by the gear transmission mechanism, preferably, the second gear is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft between the two cams.
[0066] Figure 2 It is only one specific structure of the motor, transmission mechanism and actuator, and does not constitute a limitation on the structures of the motor, transmission mechanism and actuator.
[0067] See Figure 2 , the structural schematic diagram when the moving contact is in the off position. The moving contact does not contact any of the second static contacts of each group and is between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction. Since the worm gear has a self-locking function, at this time, the driving device and the moving contact are both stably located at the off position. At this time, the working surface of the cam curve where one end of the drive shaft, that is, the end of the push rod 10 shown in the figure that contacts the cam curve of the cam 9, is the working surface at the off position.
[0068] See Figure 3This is a circuit diagram showing the changeover switch in the open position. The first set of stationary contacts is connected in series in the external circuit where power supply B1 is located, and the second set of stationary contacts is connected in series in the external circuit where power supply B2 is located. The first stationary contact 31 is connected to the positive terminal of power supply B1, and the second stationary contact 32 is connected to the negative terminal of power supply B1. The first stationary contact 33 is connected to the positive terminal of power supply B2, and the second stationary contact 34 is connected to the negative terminal of power supply B2.
[0069] When the moving contact is in the open position, the external circuits containing the power supplies (B1, B2) are both disconnected.
[0070] See Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure when the moving contact is in the parallel position. The control module 1 controls the motor 2 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm gear to rotate, thereby driving the gear transmission mechanism to rotate and causing the cam 9 to rotate. The cam 9 drives the drive shaft to move the push rod 10 and the first moving contact 35 and the second moving contact 36 in the first displacement direction, so that the first moving contact 35 makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 32 of the first set of stationary contacts, and the second moving contact 36 makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 34 of the second set of stationary contacts, thereby connecting the external circuits where the two sets of stationary contacts are located in parallel. Under the drive of the drive device, the moving contact is switched from the disconnected position to the parallel position, so that the moving contact is in the parallel position. At this time, the control module controls the motor 2 to be de-energized, so that the moving contact is always maintained in the parallel position. The working surface of the cam curve where one end of the drive shaft, i.e., the push rod 10 shown in the figure, contacts the cam curve of the cam 9 is the working surface of the parallel position.
[0071] See Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram showing the changeover switch in the parallel position. The first and second stationary contacts of each group of stationary contacts are electrically connected through their corresponding moving contacts, so that the external circuits where the stationary contacts are located are connected in parallel, that is, the external circuits where the power supplies (B1, B2) are located are connected in parallel.
[0072] See Figure 6 The diagram shows the structure when the moving contact is in the series position. The control module 1 controls the motor 2 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm gear to rotate, thereby driving the gear transmission mechanism to rotate and causing the cam 9 to rotate. The cam 9 drives the drive shaft to move the push rod 10 and the first moving contact 35 and the second moving contact 36 in the second displacement direction, so that the first moving contact 35 makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 34 of the second group of stationary contacts, and the second moving contact 36 does not make contact with the second stationary contacts of each group, thereby connecting the external circuits where the two groups of stationary contacts are located in series. Under the drive of the drive device, the moving contact is switched from the disconnected position to the series position, so that the moving contact is in the series position. At this time, the control module controls the motor 2 to be de-energized, so that the moving contact is always maintained in the series position. The working surface of the cam curve where one end of the drive shaft, i.e., the push rod 10 shown in the figure, contacts the cam curve of the cam 9 is the working surface of the series position.
[0073] See Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram when the changeover switch is in the series position. The first stationary contact 31 of the first set of stationary contacts makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 34 of the second set of stationary contacts through the first moving contact 35, so that the external circuits where the power supplies (B1, B2) are located are connected in series.
[0074] The above Figure 2 The moving contacts are in two sets, enabling switching between at least two positions of at least two external circuits, namely, switching between series and parallel positions. Figure 8 Alternatively, a single moving contact can be used, i.e., only the first moving contact 40 is used, and the two sets of stationary contacts share the first stationary contact 41. The first moving contact 40 and the first stationary contact 41 are electrically connected through a conductive flexible connector. The end of the first moving contact 40 that is not connected to the first stationary contact is located between the second stationary contacts (32, 34) of the two sets of stationary contacts. That is, the second stationary contacts (32, 34) are located on the displacement path in the first displacement direction and the displacement path in the second displacement direction of the first moving contact 40, respectively.
[0075] When the control module 1 controls the motor 2 to be energized, it drives the cam 9 to rotate, thereby driving the drive shaft to move the push rod 10 and the first moving contact 40 in the first displacement direction, so that the first moving contact 40 makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 32 of the first set of stationary contacts, and the external circuit where the first set of stationary contacts is located is connected and works. At this time, the external circuit where the second set of stationary contacts is located is not connected. When the drive shaft is driven to move the push rod 10 and the first moving contact 40 in the second displacement direction, it makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact 34 of the second set of stationary contacts, so that the external circuit where the second set of stationary contacts is located is connected and works. At this time, the external circuit where the first set of stationary contacts is located is not connected.
[0076] See Figure 9 Here is a circuit diagram for a set of moving contacts, where... Figure 9 a supplies power to the external circuit where power supply B1 is located, and the external circuit where power supply B2 is located is de-energized; Figure 9 b means that the external circuit containing power supply B1 is de-energized and the external circuit containing power supply B2 is energized. Figure 9 c represents the de-energization of the external circuit containing power supply B1 and the external circuit containing power supply B2. By sharing a single moving contact, switching between the external circuits containing the two sets of stationary contacts can be achieved. For example, when applied between two power supplies, it can switch between the two power supplies, allowing one power supply to provide power independently, or both power supplies to be disconnected.
[0077] When there are two or more sets of stationary contacts and two or more sets of corresponding moving contacts, series-parallel switching between at least three external circuits can be achieved.
[0078] To achieve position switching, the position information needs to be known. The position feedback module provides feedback on the position of the moving contact. The control module, based on the current position and the desired position switch, determines the on / off state of the power source. When a stepper motor is used, the step size and number of steps for each rotation can be set in the control module. This ensures consistent rotations and angles, allowing the changeover switch to reach the same position with each action. Therefore, by controlling the number of steps the stepper motor takes, precise positioning control of the drive device is achieved, and a position feedback device is not required when using a stepper motor. When a brushless motor is used, a Hall sensor controls its movement, achieving precise position control of the changeover switch. Therefore, when using a brushless motor and controlling its movement with a Hall sensor, a separate position feedback device is also not required. When a position feedback device is included, it serves as redundancy for position determination using a combination of stepper motors, brushless motors, and Hall sensors, improving the reliability of position switching.
[0079] Position feedback devices can be implemented using any of the following: position sensors, microswitches, or voltage sampling. Position sensors include rotary position sensors and linear position sensors.
[0080] When using a rotary position sensor 12, it can be set coaxially with the cam 9, see [link / reference]. Figure 10 Alternatively, it can be positioned on the rotating shaft at the flexible connector, rotating with the bracket and the rotating shaft. See [link / reference needed]. Figure 11 The rotary position sensor 12 is connected to the control module 1. For example, the rotation of the cam shaft and the rotation of the bracket cause a change in the resistance of the rotary position sensor, resulting in a change in the voltage of the rotary position sensor. The control module 1 determines the position of the moving contact by comparing the voltage values at different positions based on the received voltage values. Once the desired position is determined, the control module 1 controls the power source 2 to be de-energized, the actuator 4 to stop operating, and the moving contact is then in that position.
[0081] When using a direct-acting position sensor 13, the direct-acting position sensor 13 is positioned on the linear displacement path of the push rod 10 and is connected to the control module 1. The direct-acting position sensor 13 is positioned at the corresponding location on the displacement path where the switching position is located, see [reference needed]. Figure 12Two blocking structures (14, 15) are spaced apart on the push rod 10, and the sliding end of the direct-acting position sensor 13 is located between the blocking structures (14, 15). When the push rod 10 moves to the desired position in the first displacement direction, the blocking structure 14 moves with the push rod 10, driving the sliding end of the direct-acting position sensor 13 to slide in the first displacement direction, thereby changing the resistance in the circuit connected to the direct-acting position sensor 13, and thus changing the voltage across the direct-acting position sensor 13. Different voltage values represent different positions. The direct-acting position sensor 13 sends the voltage value representing the position information to the control module 1 in real time. The control module 1 determines the position information based on the received voltage value. When the desired position is reached, the control module 1 controls the motor 2 to be powered off. When push rod 10 moves in the second displacement direction, blocking structure 15 drives the sliding end of direct-acting position sensor 13 to slide in the second displacement direction, thereby changing the resistance in the circuit connected to direct-acting position sensor 13, and thus changing the voltage across direct-acting position sensor 13. Different voltage values represent different positions. Direct-acting position sensor 13 sends the voltage value representing position information to control module 1 in real time, and control module 1 controls motor 2 to cut off power. Position information feedback for switching positions is achieved through the cooperation of sliding end of direct-acting position sensor 13 and blocking structures (14, 15). Direct-acting position sensor 13 works on the same principle as rotary position sensor, using the principle of changing resistance to change voltage. By setting a sliding resistor, the position of sliding contact of sliding resistor is changed by rotation or linear displacement, thereby changing the resistance value between sliding contact and one end of sliding resistor. The voltage between sliding contact and one end of sliding resistor is collected to determine position information. For example, the position of moving contact when the voltage is maximum and minimum represents series and parallel positions, respectively, and the voltage in the middle represents the disconnected position. The magnitude of the voltage is compared with the voltage value across the sliding resistor R.
[0082] When using micro switch 16 as a position feedback device, see Figure 13 Microswitches 16 are respectively installed on the working surfaces corresponding to the various positions to be switched on the outer periphery of the cam curve of cam 9. The microswitches 16 are connected to the control module 1. When cam 9 rotates, due to the special structure of the cam curve, when cam 9 rotates to a certain position, it will touch the microswitch 16 at the corresponding position, causing the microswitch 16 to change its switching state. The control module 1 can determine the position of the moving contact based on the change of the switching state of the microswitch 16 at the corresponding position, and then control the on / off state of motor 2 based on the conductive position information.
[0083] When using micro switch 16 as a position feedback device, see Figure 14On the displacement paths of the push rod 10 in the first and second displacement directions, a micro switch 16 is installed at each corresponding position to be switched. The micro switch 16 is connected to the control module 1. A blocking structure 17 is installed on the push rod 10, located between the two micro switches 16. When the push rod 10 moves to the position in the first displacement direction, the blocking structure 17 touches the micro switch 16 in the first displacement direction. The control module 1 then determines the position of the moving contact by changing the switching state of the micro switch 16 in the first displacement direction, thereby controlling the on / off state of the motor. When the push rod 10 moves to the position in the second displacement direction, the blocking structure 17 touches the micro switch 16 in the second displacement direction. The control module 1 then determines the position of the moving contact by changing the switching state of the micro switch 16 in the second displacement direction, thereby controlling the on / off state of the motor.
[0084] Alternatively, the location information can be determined by collecting the voltage of the external circuit where each group of stationary contacts is located. See also... Figure 15 The voltage sampling device includes voltage sampling points and voltage sampling wires. Two sets of stationary contacts and four terminals of the changeover switch serve as two sets of voltage sampling points (42, 43), which are connected to control module 1 via wires. When the moving contact is in the open position, the voltage of the two external circuits is the power supply voltage of that external circuit. When in the parallel position, both sets of stationary contacts are conducting, and the sampling voltage of the two external circuits is the product of the resistance and current of the two stationary and moving contacts of each external circuit. When in the series position, the voltage is the product of the resistance and current of the first stationary contact and the first moving contact of the first set of stationary contacts, and the second stationary contact of the second set of stationary contacts. The location information of the moving contact is determined by the voltage values obtained from the voltage sampling.
[0085] Based on the above, indicator lights, alarms, etc. can be connected in series at the terminal. By switching between series, parallel, and disconnected positions, the current position information of the moving contact can be displayed by the on and off status of the indicator lights.
Claims
1. A driving device, characterized in that, Includes power source, transmission mechanism, actuator and position feedback device; The power source drives the transmission mechanism to move according to the received control signal, and the transmission mechanism drives the actuator to switch between at least two positions. The position feedback device collects the position information of the actuator displacement and feeds the position information back to the control module that sends control signals. The control module determines the position of the actuator based on the received position information. When it determines that the actuator is in a position that needs to be switched, the control module sends a control signal to the power source to control the power source to turn on and off.
2. The driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is located outside the drive device, or integrated into the drive device to form part of the drive device.
3. The driving device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism is a linear displacement or angular displacement mechanism.
4. The driving device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power source is an electric motor or an electromagnetic system.
5. The driving device according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power source is an electric motor, the actuator is a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism includes at least one cam and a linear displacement push rod. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft, and the other end of the drive shaft abuts against the cam curve of the cam. The cam curve is set on the outer peripheral surface of the cam or on the side surface of the cam.
6. The driving device according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the cam curve is set on the side of the cam, a cam curve groove is provided on the side of the cam, and one end of the drive shaft abuts in the cam curve groove. During the rotation of the cam, the drive shaft is driven to slide in the cam curve groove.
7. The driving device according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power source is a stepper motor, the control module controls the number of steps the stepper motor takes; when the power source is a brushless motor, the control module controls the brushless motor's movement via a Hall sensor.
8. The driving device according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power source is an electromagnetic system, it includes at least one electromagnetic coil, a moving iron core, and a push rod, with the moving iron core and the push rod connected and fixed together; the transmission mechanism is the moving iron core, and the execution mechanism is the push rod; the control module is connected to the electromagnetic coil, and the control module controls the electromagnetic coil to be energized to drive the moving iron core to move linearly with the push rod; the control module controls the electromagnetic coil to be de-energized or energized in the reverse direction, and the moving iron core, with the push rod, resets or moves in the opposite direction.
9. The driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The position feedback device is any one of a position sensor, a micro switch, and a voltage sampling device; the position sensor, micro switch, and voltage sampling device are connected to the control module.
10. The driving device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The position sensor includes a rotary position sensor and a linear position sensor. The rotary position sensor is coaxially arranged with the rotation axis of the actuator or the rotation axis of the driven object to sense the rotation angle of the actuator and the driven object. The linear position sensor is located at a corresponding position on the linear displacement path of the actuator. A blocking structure is provided on the push rod of the linear displacement of the actuator. When the push rod moves, the blocking structure pushes the sliding end of the linear position sensor on the displacement path to respond to the displacement position of the push rod. The control module controls the opening and closing of the power source according to the position information fed back by the position sensor.
11. The driving device according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the actuator is a cam mechanism, the rotary position sensor is coaxially arranged with the cam of the cam mechanism.
12. The driving device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The microswitches are respectively installed at corresponding positions in different displacement directions along the linear displacement path of the actuator. A blocking structure is installed on the push rod of the linear displacement of the actuator. When the blocking structure moves with the push rod, it touches the corresponding microswitch and actuates. The control module obtains position information based on the change of the on / off state of the microswitches at the corresponding positions and controls the opening and closing of the power source.
13. The driving device according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the actuator includes a cam and the cam curve is set on the outer peripheral surface of the cam, the micro switch is set at the corresponding position of the required switching position on the outer peripheral surface of the cam. When the cam rotates to the micro switch, it triggers the micro switch to operate. The control module obtains position information according to the change of the switching state of the micro switch at the corresponding position, and controls the opening and closing of the power source.
14. A changeover switch, characterized in that, The device includes a drive device as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, at least two sets of stationary contacts, and at least one set of moving contacts. The control module is located within the changeover switch to form a built-in control module or is located at the user end to form an external control module. Each set of stationary contacts includes a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact that are insulated from each other. The push rod of the actuator is connected to the moving contact. Each set of stationary contacts can be connected in series in at least one external circuit. The drive device drives the actuator to move the moving contact in at least two directions, thereby activating each set of stationary contacts through the different displacement directions of the moving contact, thus activating the external circuit where each set of stationary contacts is located.
15. The changeover switch according to claim 14, characterized in that, It includes at least two sets of moving contacts, and the push rod of the actuator is connected to the moving contacts to drive the moving contacts to move in at least two displacement directions; two sets of stationary contacts are arranged horizontally at intervals, one set of stationary contacts is arranged corresponding to one set of moving contacts, and is located on the displacement path of the moving contacts in the first displacement direction; the other ends of the first stationary contact in one set of stationary contacts and the second stationary contact in the other set of stationary contacts extend to the displacement path of the second displacement direction of one set of moving contacts, and the first stationary contact and the second stationary contact located on the displacement path in the second displacement direction have different polarities when connected to the power supply of the external circuit they are in; When the actuator moves the moving contact in the first displacement direction, each set of moving contacts connects to a corresponding set of stationary contacts, making the external circuits where each set of stationary contacts is located conductive and connected in parallel. At this time, the moving contact is in a parallel position. When the actuator moves the moving contact in the second displacement direction, one set of moving contacts makes conductive contact with the first and second stationary contacts located on the displacement path in the second displacement direction, making the external circuits where each set of stationary contacts is located connected in series. At this time, the moving contact is in a series position. When the moving contact is between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, the position of the moving contact is the breaking position.
16. The changeover switch according to claim 14, characterized in that, It includes at least two sets of moving contacts, and the push rod of the actuator is rotatably connected to the moving contacts to drive the moving contacts to move in at least two displacement directions; the two sets of stationary contacts are arranged with an insulating gap between them, wherein the second stationary contacts of each set are arranged correspondingly in the upper and lower parts; one set of moving contacts and the first stationary contact of one set of stationary contacts are connected by a conductive flexible connector. One set of moving contacts is located between the second stationary contact of the corresponding set of stationary contacts and the second stationary contact of the adjacent set of stationary contacts; Each group of stationary contacts is connected in series in at least one external circuit. The first stationary contact of each group of stationary contacts can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply of at least one of the external circuits. The second stationary contact of each group of stationary contacts can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply of another external circuit. The stationary contacts of the same group are connected to the same power supply polarity of different external circuits. The actuator drives the moving contact to move along at least two displacement directions, so that the moving contact switches between a parallel position and a series position; First displacement direction: The actuator drives the moving contact to move along the first displacement direction, so that the moving contact of each group of stationary contacts makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact of that group, so that the external circuits where each group of stationary contacts is located are connected in parallel, and the moving contact is in a parallel position; Second displacement direction: The actuator drives the moving contact of each group of stationary contacts to move along the second displacement direction, so that the moving contact located between two adjacent second stationary contacts makes conductive contact with the second stationary contact of another group of stationary contacts, so that the external circuits where each group of stationary contacts is located are connected in series, and the moving contact is in a series position; the moving contact located outside two adjacent second contacts does not contact any of the second contacts.
17. The changeover switch according to claim 16, characterized in that, When the moving contact is between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, the moving contact is not in contact with any of the second stationary contacts in each group. At this time, the moving contact is in the disconnected position.
18. The changeover switch according to claim 16, characterized in that, When the moving contact and the first stationary contact are electrically connected through a flexible connector, a rotating shaft is provided at the flexible connector, and a rotary position sensor is provided at the rotating shaft.
19. The changeover switch according to claim 14, characterized in that, The terminals of the changeover switch are all connected to the control module as voltage sampling points of the voltage sampling device. The voltage signals collected at different series, parallel, and disconnection positions are fed back to the control module. The control module controls the on / off state of the power source based on the feedback voltage signals.