Hybrid circuit breaker and method for opening and closing such a circuit breaker

Abstract

This invention relates to a hybrid circuit breaker (1) comprising a switching device (5) and a control unit (7). The switching device (5) comprises a main branch (25) and a switching branch (27), the main branch (25) comprising a mechanical switch (17), and the switching branch (27) comprising a semiconductor component (19) and a disconnecting switch (21). The semiconductor component (19) is configured to switch between a conducting configuration and a non-conducting configuration. The disconnecting switch (21) is configured to switch between a closed configuration and an open configuration. The mechanical switch (17) is configured to switch between a closed configuration, an open configuration, and an disconnecting configuration. The mechanical switch (17) in the disconnecting configuration provides greater resistance to current flowing through the main branch than the mechanical switch (17) in the open configuration provides greater resistance to current flowing through the main branch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hybrid circuit breaker. The invention also relates to a method for closing such a circuit breaker and a method for opening such a circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] Hybrid circuit breakers are known electrical protection devices that combine electronic and mechanical components. Specifically, the known practice is to produce hybrid circuit breakers by placing semiconductor components and bypass electromechanical components (also known as mechanical switches) in parallel to effectively interrupt excessive current while limiting electrical losses. Furthermore, specifications and standards require current isolation between the upstream and downstream of the product to ensure no leakage current in the open position and to ensure the safety of anyone performing maintenance operations. Therefore, conventional designs propose disconnecting switches connected in series with switching devices comprising two parallel branches. Thus, the disconnecting switch is specifically connected in series with the electromechanical components. The disconnecting switch performs the function of current isolation, also known as the interrupting function. In addition, these circuit breakers typically include voltage-limiting components connected in parallel with the semiconductor and electromechanical components.

[0003] The main drawback of this design is the increased losses and dissipation in the product due to the contact resistance of the disconnecting switch, and the formation of hot spots due to the very low thermal conductivity of the switch contacts. These hot spots prevent the removal of heat from the product via conduction through the connecting cables, which is typically the route of cooling for most electromechanical distribution products that do not have forced convection or liquid cooling. Therefore, the disconnecting switch leads to an increase in the internal temperature of the product and significant heating of the internal conductors to which the semiconductor components are connected. Consequently, the temperature of the semiconductor components is significantly affected, and consequently, the performance and durability of the components are also significantly affected.

[0004] Furthermore, the presence of a disconnector in the circuit through which the nominal operating current flows means that the disconnector must be rated according to the nominal current to ensure acceptable contact resistance. Since contact resistance is a function of the square of the contact pressure, the contact pressure needs to increase significantly with the product's rating, which requires significant control capability and leads to an increase in the product's physical dimensions.

[0005] Another limitation associated with this design is preventing the disconnector contacts from repelling due to electrodynamic forces during the breaking phase, as failure to do so could lead to contact surface degradation or even contact welding together. Specifically, degradation of contact resistance will have a detrimental effect on heat dissipation and the product's breaking capacity. Therefore, sufficient electrodynamic strength must be present, which indirectly affects the control of actuator losses and product size.

[0006] Finally, in the hybrid architecture, the current is gently interrupted using a switching device before the isolating switch is opened or closed, thus allowing the isolating switch to operate without current. This is particularly advantageous because it simplifies manufacturing due to the absence of current interruption constraints. However, this operating mode never benefits from the contact "cleaning" effect of an electric arc. Therefore, this can lead to a deterioration in contact resistance over the product's lifespan, which will also negatively impact the product's thermal behavior and performance.

[0007] In light of these issues, it will be understood how beneficial it would be to position the disconnecting switch outside the main branch in order to reduce electrical losses and dissipation in the product, minimize the operating temperature of the switching device for a given current (or increase the current capacity at the same operating temperature), reduce the size limitations (contact force) of the disconnecting switch, and overcome the problem of contact resistance drift due to contamination or oxidation.

[0008] Document EP3529817 proposes a design in which the disconnecting switch is located in the switch branch, thereby solving the above problem.

[0009] However, the solution proposed in document EP3529817 does not provide isolation functionality. Specifically, positioning the disconnecting switch within the switching branch ensures that only the switching branch is isolated, meaning the mechanical switch must perform the function of providing current isolation for the main branch. The current isolation distances required for low-voltage products (typically a few millimeters to withstand surge voltages of several kilovolts) now significantly complicate the creation of mechanical switches. In particular, these constraints are detrimental to the rapid disconnection function typically provided by mechanical switches. Specifically, current technologies capable of achieving high levels of performance in the disconnection dynamics of this type of function allow for movement over very short distances (e.g., piezoelectric technology) or with very high energy consumption (e.g., Thomson effect technology). Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to propose a hybrid circuit breaker that has both the advantages of a disconnecting switch in the switching branch and the advantages of a circuit breaker in terms of its disconnection function.

[0011] Therefore, the present invention relates to a hybrid circuit breaker, comprising:

[0012] - A switching device, comprising a main branch connecting two electrical terminals and a switching branch connecting the two electrical terminals and connected in parallel with the main branch, the switching device comprising:

[0013] • A mechanical switch, belonging to the main branch, is configured to switch between a closed configuration that allows current to flow in the main branch and an open configuration that prevents current from flowing in the main branch.

[0014] • A semiconductor component, belonging to the switching branch, is configured to switch between a conducting configuration that allows current to flow in the switching branch and a non-conducting configuration that prevents current from flowing in the switching branch; and

[0015] • A disconnecting switch, belonging to the switch branch, configured to switch between a closed configuration that allows current to flow in the switch branch and an open configuration that prevents current from flowing in the switch branch by means of an isolation mechanism, wherein the disconnecting switch in the open configuration provides greater resistance to current flow in the switch branch than the semiconductor component in the non-conductive configuration provides greater resistance to current flow in the switch branch.

[0016] - A control unit configured to, depending on the incoming current through the hybrid circuit breaker between the two electrical terminals, command the mechanical switch via the isolation mechanism to switch between its open and closed configurations, the semiconductor component to switch between its non-conductive and conductive configurations, and the isolating switch to switch between its closed and open configurations;

[0017] The mechanical switch can also be switched to an isolation configuration via an isolating mechanism. This isolation configuration differs from the open and closed configurations. This isolation configuration prevents current flow in the main branch and makes the resistance of the mechanical switch to the current flowing through the main branch in the isolation configuration greater than the resistance of the mechanical switch to the current flowing through the main branch in the open configuration.

[0018] With the aid of this invention, switching the mechanical switch between closed and open configurations allows for rapid disconnection of the main branch, while switching to the isolating configuration provides the function of isolating the main branch. Therefore, by switching between the two phases, the mechanical switch can combine two functions. The isolating switch located in the switch branch performs the isolating function within the switch branch, during which no current flows through the switch branch. Thus, the hybrid circuit breaker according to the invention provides all the aforementioned advantages of positioning the isolating switch outside the main branch while still performing the isolating function.

[0019] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the hybrid circuit breaker includes one or more of the following features, individually or in any technically possible combination:

[0020] - The isolation mechanism is also configured to disengage via manual action by the operator;

[0021] - The isolation mechanism is configured to trip only by the control unit;

[0022] - The hybrid circuit breaker also includes a locking device configured to prevent the isolating mechanism from switching the mechanical switch to either its open or closed configuration, and to prevent the isolating switch from switching to its closed configuration, without confirmation from the control unit.

[0023] - The hybrid circuit breaker further includes a trip unit configured to receive a measurement of the incoming current and, when the incoming current exceeds a predetermined current threshold, command the isolation mechanism to switch the mechanical switch to its disconnect configuration and the isolation switch to its open configuration.

[0024] - Mechanical switches are bistable, meaning that the open and closed configurations of a mechanical switch are stable;

[0025] - Mechanical switches are monostable;

[0026] - The hybrid circuit breaker also includes a shield that prevents current flow in the main branch when the mechanical switch is in its disconnected configuration.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a method for disconnecting a hybrid circuit breaker according to the foregoing, wherein a mechanical switch is initially in its closed configuration, a semiconductor component is in its conductive configuration, and a disconnecting switch is in its closed configuration, the disconnection method comprising:

[0028] - The first disconnection phase includes switching the mechanical switch from its closed configuration to its open configuration, and then switching the semiconductor component from its conductive configuration to its non-conductive configuration; then

[0029] - The second disconnection phase includes switching the disconnecting switch from its closed configuration to its open configuration and switching the mechanical switch from its open configuration to its disconnect configuration.

[0030] The present invention also relates to a method for closing a hybrid circuit breaker according to the foregoing, wherein a mechanical switch is initially in its disconnecting configuration, a semiconductor component is in its non-conductive configuration, and a disconnecting switch is in its open configuration, the closing method comprising:

[0031] - The first closing phase includes switching the mechanical switch from its disconnecting configuration to its open configuration and switching the isolating switch from its open configuration to its closed configuration; then

[0032] - The second disconnection phase includes switching the semiconductor component from its non-conductive configuration to its conductive configuration, and then switching the mechanical switch from its open configuration to its closed configuration. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The invention will become clearer from the following description, which is illustrated only by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a hybrid circuit breaker according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figures 2A to 2D The diagram shows a monostable mechanical switch belonging to one of the two alternative forms of a hybrid circuit breaker according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram of a hybrid circuit breaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a diagram of a hybrid circuit breaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a diagram of a hybrid circuit breaker according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is used to close and then open. Figure 1 , 2A Timing diagrams for methods of using hybrid circuit breakers of type 2D, 3, or 4. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Figure 1 A hybrid circuit breaker 1 is depicted, which is configured to be inserted into an electrical device (not depicted) and to ensure the safety of the electrical device by interrupting the flow of the incoming current I through the hybrid circuit breaker 1 when the incoming current I exceeds a predetermined current threshold.

[0041] Specifically, the hybrid circuit breaker 1 includes two electrical terminals 3A and 3B, which are connected to the electrical equipment. In nominal operation, i.e., when the hybrid circuit breaker 1 does not interrupt the current I, the incoming current I reaches the electrical equipment via one of the electrical terminals 3A, passes through the hybrid circuit breaker 1, and reappears in the electrical equipment via the other electrical terminal 3B.

[0042] The hybrid circuit breaker 1 includes a switching device 5, a control unit 7, and an isolation mechanism 13. Advantageously, the hybrid circuit breaker 1 also includes a power supply 9, a current sensor 11, and a tripping unit 15.

[0043] The switching device 5 has the function of interrupting or re-establishing the current I between the two electrical terminals 3A and 3B.

[0044] Therefore, the switching device 5 includes a mechanical switch 17, a semiconductor component 19, and a disconnecting switch 21. Advantageously, the switching device 5 also includes a voltage limiting component 23.

[0045] These components are divided between the main branch 25 and the switch branch 27. A branch is a section of circuit that includes at least one component connected to a conductive wire.

[0046] The main branch 25 connects to two electrical terminals 3A and 3B.

[0047] Mechanical switch 17 belongs to main branch 25, and its purpose is to provide rapid disconnection and current isolation of main branch 25. For this purpose, mechanical switch 17 is configured to switch between a closed configuration, an open configuration, and an interrupted configuration. The closed configuration allows current to flow in main branch 25, the open configuration prevents current from flowing in main branch 25, and the interrupted configuration, unlike the open and closed configurations, also prevents current from flowing in main branch 25. Mechanical switch 17 is configured such that its resistance to current flow in main branch 25 in the interrupted configuration is greater than its resistance to current flow in main branch 25 in the open configuration.

[0048] Mechanical switch 17 is either monostable or bistable. Monostable means that, in the absence of external energy input, only one of the three configurations (closed, open, or disconnected) is stable. Bistable means that, in the absence of external energy input, both the open and closed configurations are stable. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the mechanical switch is bistable.

[0049] Figures 2A to 2D An embodiment of a monostable mechanical switch 17 is shown. The mechanical switch 17 in... Figure 2A It is depicted as being in a closed configuration, in Figure 2B It is described as being in a disconnected configuration. Figure 2C The partition is depicted as being in a first alternative form according to the invention, and in Figure 2D The partition is depicted as being in a second alternative form according to the invention.

[0050] As in Figures 2A to 2D As can be clearly seen, the mechanical switch 17 includes a contactor 29, which, depending on the configuration of the mechanical switch 17, forms or does not form a physical connection between two different parts 25A and 25B of the main branch 25, which are located upstream and downstream of the mechanical switch 17, respectively.

[0051] When mechanical switch 17 is in the closed configuration, contactor 29 physically connects the two parts 25A and 25B, allowing current to flow through the main branch 25.

[0052] When mechanical switch 17 is in the open or disconnected configuration, contactor 29 is separated from main branch 25 by a non-zero distance da or db, so that the two parts 25A and 25B are no longer physically connected. Therefore, mechanical switch 17 inhibits the flow of current in main branch 25.

[0053] Furthermore, in the disconnect configuration, the distance da between the main branch 25 and the contactor 29 is less than the distance db between the main branch 25 and the contactor 29 in the disconnect configuration. This ensures that the mechanical switch 17 provides greater resistance to current flow in the main branch 25 in the disconnect configuration than it does in the disconnect configuration.

[0054] Specifically, the degree of isolation of the mechanical switch 17 (i.e., the resistance to current passing through the main branch 25) is determined by the smaller of the distance dA between the two parts 25A and 25B and twice the distance da or db between the main branch 25 and the contactor 29.

[0055] according to Figure 2A , 2B In the first alternative form of the invention depicted in 2C, twice the distance da separating the contactor 29 from the branch 25 in the disconnected configuration is less than the distance dA between portions 25A and 25B. Therefore, the isolation provided by the mechanical switch 17 in the disconnected position is determined by twice the distance da. In the disconnected configuration, the distance dA between portions 25A and 25B is less than twice the distance db separating the contactor 29 from the branch 25. Therefore, the isolation provided by the mechanical switch 17 in the disconnected position is determined by the distance dA. Since the distance dA between portions 25A and 25B is greater than twice the distance da between the contactor 29 and the branch 25 in the disconnected configuration, the isolation provided by the mechanical switch 17 in the disconnected position is indeed greater than the isolation provided by the mechanical switch 17 in the disconnected position.

[0056] according to Figure 2D In a second alternative embodiment of the invention depicted, the circuit breaker 1 further includes a shield 30 that prevents current flow in the main branch 25 when the mechanical switch 17 is in its disconnected position. The shield 30 is, for example, a component made of a non-conductive material (e.g., plastic) that, when the mechanical switch 17 is in the disconnected position, is inserted between the two portions 25A and 25B of the main branch 25. The degree of isolation is then determined by the lesser of twice the distance dB between the contactor 29 and the main branch 25 and the distance dB of the shortest path through the air between the two portions 25A and 25B. Since the distance dB with the shield 30 present is greater than the distance dB without the shield 30, it can be understood that the shield 30 can increase resistance to current flow in the main branch 25, or reduce the required disconnection distance dB, when the mechanical switch 17 is in the disconnected position.

[0057] Advantageously, the mechanical switch 17 is switched between its various configurations by two separate actuators 31 and 33. More specifically, the disconnect actuator 31 actuates the mechanical switch 17 to switch between its open and closed configurations, while the disconnect actuator 33 actuates the mechanical switch 17 to switch between its open or closed configuration and its disconnect configuration. In a second alternative form of the invention, the shield 30 is actuated, for example, by the disconnect actuator 33, or by a third actuator (not shown) similar to the disconnect actuator 33.

[0058] Advantageously, the disconnect actuator 31 and the disconnect actuator 33 are independent of each other. Advantageously, the disconnect actuator 31 is faster than the disconnect actuator 33. In other words, the switching from the closed configuration to the open configuration is faster than the switching from the closed configuration to the disconnect configuration. Specifically, the disconnect actuator 31 imparts a speed at which the mechanical switch 17 switches from the closed configuration to the open configuration, which is at least equal to the disconnection speed of the electromechanical components of a conventional hybrid circuit breaker.

[0059] exist Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the diagram, dashed lines indicate electrical connections between components, and regular dashed lines indicate mechanical connections between components or between a component and an operator 35 outside the hybrid circuit breaker 1.

[0060] exist Figure 1 In this example, the switching of the disconnect actuator 31 and therefore the mechanical switch 17 between the closed and open configurations is electronically achieved by the control unit 7. Still in this example, the switching of the isolation actuator 33 and therefore the mechanical switch 17 between one of its open or closed configurations and the isolation configuration is mechanically caused by the isolation mechanism 13.

[0061] Switching branch 27 connects to two electrical terminals 3A and 3B and is connected in parallel with main branch 25. Semiconductor component 19 and disconnecting switch 21 belong to switching branch 27. Figure 1 In the example, the switch branch 27 includes two sub-branches connected in parallel with each other. The first sub-branch includes a semiconductor component 19, and the second sub-branch includes a voltage limiting component 23.

[0062] Semiconductor component 19 has the function of ensuring rapid disconnection of switching branch 27. For this purpose, semiconductor component 19 is configured to switch between a conducting configuration that allows current to flow in switching branch 27 and a non-conducting configuration that prevents current from flowing in switching branch 27. Semiconductor component 19 is, for example, at least one transistor, such as a FET (field-effect transistor), MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor), bipolar transistor, or a combination of these various transistors.

[0063] exist Figure 1In the example, the switching of semiconductor component 19 between its conductive configuration and its non-conductive configuration is electronically achieved by control unit 7.

[0064] The disconnecting switch 21 serves to ensure current isolation of the switching branch 27. For this purpose, the disconnecting switch 21 is configured to switch between a closed configuration that allows current to flow in the switching branch 27 and an open configuration that prevents current from flowing in the switching branch 27. Furthermore, the disconnecting switch 21 in the open configuration provides greater resistance to current flow in the switching branch 27 than the semiconductor component 19 in the non-conductive configuration. In practice, this resistance to current flow is achieved by physically separating the two sections of the switching branch 27 located upstream and downstream of the disconnecting switch 21.

[0065] exist Figure 1 In the example, the switching of the disconnector 21 between its closed configuration and its open configuration is mechanically achieved by the disconnector mechanism 13.

[0066] The voltage limiting component 23 functions to limit voltage spikes that may occur between terminals 3A and 3B when the current I is interrupted. In doing so, the voltage limiting component 23 protects the mechanical switch 17 and the semiconductor component 19 from these potential overvoltages. The voltage limiting component 23 is, for example, a metal oxide rheostat. A metal oxide rheostat has high resistance when the voltage across its terminals is low, preventing current from flowing in the sub-branch of switch branch 27 that includes the voltage limiting component 23. When the voltage across its terminals exceeds a certain voltage threshold, the resistance of the metal oxide rheostat drops sharply, causing current to flow into the sub-branch of switch branch 27 that includes the voltage limiting component 23.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, disconnector 21 is located in switch branch 27, but it belongs neither to the sub-branch containing semiconductor component 19 nor to the sub-branch containing voltage limiting component 23. This means that current flowing through one or the other of these components also flows through disconnector 21. Therefore, when disconnector 21 is switched to the open configuration, disconnector 21 does indeed perform the function of current isolation of the entire switch branch 27. Conversely, when disconnector 21 is closed, switch branch 27 and the two sub-branches of main branch 25 are connected in parallel, meaning that voltage limiting component 23 protects both semiconductor component 19 and mechanical switch 17 from overvoltage.

[0068] The current sensor 11 has the function of measuring the value of the incoming current I and transmitting that value to the control unit 7. The current sensor 11 is advantageously located between the first terminal 3A and the switching device 5. The current sensor 11 can be any device known to those skilled in the art and capable of measuring current.

[0069] The control unit 7 is configured to electronically command the mechanical switch 17 to switch between its open and closed configurations, and the semiconductor component 19 to switch between its non-conductive and conductive configurations, based on the current intensity value measured and transmitted by the current sensor 11. Advantageously, the control unit 7 is also configured to electronically command the isolation mechanism 13 via the trip unit 15. Alternatively, the control unit 7 may directly command the isolation mechanism 13.

[0070] Control unit 7 is an electronic circuit designed to manipulate and / or convert data represented in electronic or physical quantities in the registers and / or memory of the control unit, converting it into other similar data corresponding to the physical data in the register memory, or other types of display devices, transmission devices, or storage devices.

[0071] As a specific example, the control unit 7 is implemented in the form of a programmable logic component, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or even in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit, such as an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit).

[0072] exist Figure 1 In the example, control unit 7 is powered by power supply 9.

[0073] The trip unit 15 has the function of mechanically commanding the isolation mechanism 13 according to the electronic commands received by the control unit 7. In other words, the trip unit 15 converts the electronic commands received from the control unit 7 into mechanical commands for the isolation mechanism 13.

[0074] The isolation mechanism 13 functions as a current isolation device for the command switching device 5. In other words, the isolation mechanism 13 is configured to switch the disconnecting switch 21 between its closed and open configurations, and to switch the mechanical switch 17 between one of its open or closed configurations and its disconnected configuration. To do this, the isolation mechanism 13 includes an actuator (not shown) configured to act mechanically on the mechanical switch 17 and the disconnecting switch 21.

[0075] According to an example not shown, the aforementioned isolation actuator 33 is not a mechanical switch 17, but rather an isolation mechanism 13.

[0076] The configuration in which mechanical switch 17 is in its disconnected configuration and disconnector switch 21 is in its open configuration is referred to as the open configuration of isolation mechanism 13. The open configuration of isolation mechanism 13 provides current isolation for the entire hybrid circuit breaker 1.

[0077] The configuration in which mechanical switch 17 is in its open or closed configuration and isolating switch 21 is in its closed configuration is referred to as the closed configuration of isolating mechanism 13.

[0078] As described above, the isolation mechanism 13 is commanded directly by the control unit 7 or via the trip unit 15.

[0079] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the isolation mechanism 13 is also configured to disengage via manual action by the operator 35. Therefore, both control of the isolation mechanism 13 by the control unit 7 and control by the operator 35 coexist. Advantageously, commands from the control unit 7 enable the isolation mechanism 13 to switch from its closed configuration to its open configuration, while commands from the operator 35 enable the isolation mechanism 13 to switch in the opposite manner, from its open configuration to its closed configuration.

[0080] It can then be said that the command of the control unit 7 has the function of disabling the switching device 5, while the command of the operator 35 has the function of resetting the switching device 5.

[0081] Figure 3 This relates to a hybrid circuit breaker 101 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Apart from the differences mentioned below, this hybrid circuit breaker 101 is similar to... Figure 1 The hybrid circuit breaker 101 is identical to the hybrid circuit breaker 1. Those features of the hybrid circuit breaker 101 that are identical to or operate in the same manner as the hybrid circuit breaker 1 have the same reference numerals. Those features that are modified have reference numerals increased by 100.

[0082] The hybrid circuit breaker 101 differs from the hybrid circuit breaker 1 in that it includes a trip unit 115, which replaces the trip unit 15. The trip unit is configured to receive a measurement of the incoming current I and, when the incoming current I exceeds a predetermined current threshold, command the isolating mechanism 13 to switch the mechanical switch 17 to its isolating configuration and the isolating switch 21 to its open configuration.

[0083] More specifically, the trip unit 115 is connected to the current sensor 11 to receive the current intensity value measured by the current sensor 11 and to generate a mechanical command for the isolation mechanism 13 independently of the control unit 7 in the event of an overcurrent detection.

[0084] This additional function ensures that current I is interrupted in the event of an overcurrent, even if the control unit 7, power supply 9, or switching device 5 fails. In other words, this second embodiment introduces redundancy into the tripping of the isolation mechanism 13, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the hybrid circuit breaker 1.

[0085] Advantageously, current is supplied to the trip unit 115 via a current source 137 configured to supply an input current I to the trip unit 115.

[0086] Therefore, the hybrid circuit breaker 101 is able to detect and interrupt current within the limitations of the switching capability associated with the isolating mechanism 13 switching from its closed position to its open position, without requiring power supply.

[0087] The above references Figure 1 and Figure 3 The described hybrid circuit breakers 1 and 101 provide current isolation functionality for the switching device 5, while also offering the advantages mentioned in the description of positioning the disconnecting switch 21 in the switching branch 27. Another problem addressed by this hybrid circuit breaker is providing safe operation even in the event of a component failure. More specifically, this means ensuring that current can be established or re-established after a current interruption only when the hybrid circuit breaker is operable.

[0088] In the two embodiments described above, the fact that mechanical switch 17 is bistable allows for this safe operation. Specifically, because the open configuration of mechanical switch 17 is stable, the sequence of operations, which will be described later in the specification, ensures that mechanical switch 17 is indeed in its open configuration after the switching device 5 is reset by the isolating mechanism 13. This allows for control over the sequence of establishment current flow and prevents establishment current flow if the mixed circuit breaker 1 or 100 fails.

[0089] If mechanical switch 17 is monostable, making its open configuration potentially unstable while its closed configuration is stable, then this safe operation is no longer guaranteed. (The last two sentences appear to be incomplete and possibly unrelated to the preceding text.) Figure 4 and Figure 5 The third and fourth embodiments shown in the figure propose a hybrid circuit breaker architecture that ensures this safe operation when the mechanical switch 17 is monostable.

[0090] In both of these embodiments, Figures 2A to 2D The monostable mechanical switch 17 depicted advantageously includes a release actuator 37. This release actuator 37 is configured to hold the mechanical switch 17 in its unstable configuration and release it to its stable configuration upon command from the control unit 7. Figures 2A to 2D In the example shown, the release actuator 37 releases the mechanical switch 17 to its position. Figure 2A In the stable closed configuration, and hold the mechanical switch 17 in its position. Figure 2B In the unstable disconnect configuration.

[0091] Figure 4 This relates to a hybrid circuit breaker 201 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Apart from the differences mentioned below, this hybrid circuit breaker 201 is similar to... Figure 1The hybrid circuit breaker 201 is identical to the hybrid circuit breaker 1. Those features of the hybrid circuit breaker 201 that are identical to or operate in the same manner as the hybrid circuit breaker 1 have the same reference numerals. Those features that are modified have reference numerals increased by 200.

[0092] The hybrid circuit breaker 201 differs from the hybrid circuit breaker 1 in that it includes a locking device 239 instead of a tripping unit 15.

[0093] Unlike the trip unit 15, the locking device 239 is configured to prevent the isolating mechanism 13 from resetting the switching device 5, that is, to prevent the mechanical switch 17 from being switched to one of its open or closed configurations and the isolating switch 21 from being switched to its closed configuration without confirmation from the control unit 7. The switching device 5 can then be said to be locked.

[0094] Confirmation from control unit 7 may take the form of a status message sent by control unit 7 to locking device 239, enabling locking device 239 to determine whether control unit 7 is operable. Locking may be performed, for example, by means of a voltage-free coil, which prevents switching device 5 from being reset as long as control unit 7 is not operated.

[0095] Advantageously, the locking device 239 also performs the function of the tripping unit 15 or 115. In an alternative not shown, the hybrid circuit breaker 201 includes the tripping unit 15 or 115 in addition to the locking device 239.

[0096] This third embodiment prevents the operator 35 from resetting the switching device 5 by manually operating the isolation mechanism 13 when the control unit 7 is not in operation.

[0097] Figure 5 This relates to a hybrid circuit breaker 301 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Apart from the differences mentioned below, this hybrid circuit breaker 301 is similar to... Figure 1 The same as the hybrid circuit breaker 1.

[0098] The hybrid circuit breaker 301 differs from hybrid circuit breaker 1 in that the isolating mechanism 13 is configured to be tripped only by the control unit 7. In other words, in this embodiment, the isolating mechanism 13 cannot be manually tripped by the operator 35. Instead, the operator 35 can command the isolating mechanism 13 via the control unit 7, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0099] Therefore, a command to reset the switching device 5 can only be transmitted to the isolation mechanism 13 when the control unit 7 is operable. If not, if the control unit 7 is inoperable and therefore cannot detect and interrupt the fault current, the control unit 7 also cannot transmit the reset command to the isolation mechanism 13, and therefore the switching device 5 does not reset. Electrical interlocking is arguably inherent to the structure of the hybrid circuit breaker 301.

[0100] Furthermore, this fourth embodiment allows the operator 35 to control the mechanism 13 locally (as in other embodiments) or remotely, which may be advantageous for certain applications, particularly where the electrical equipment is located in a hard-to-reach place.

[0101] The hybrid circuit breakers 201 and 301 in the third and fourth embodiments can be equipped with a tripping unit 115 as in the second embodiment, in order to add additional safety to the hybrid circuit breaker 201 or 301.

[0102] Refer to the instruction manual later. Figure 6 Method 400 for closing hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201 or 301 and method 500 for opening hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201 or 301.

[0103] Figure 6 It is a timing diagram indicating the configuration of various components of circuit breaker 1, 101, 201 or 301 during time t.

[0104] Starting from the top of the timing diagram, the first curve corresponds to the configuration of mechanical switch 17 during time t. High position 17A corresponds to mechanical switch 17 being in its open configuration, middle position 17B corresponds to mechanical switch 17 being in its open configuration, and low position 17C corresponds to mechanical switch 17 being in its closed configuration.

[0105] The second curve corresponds to the configuration of disconnector 21 during time t. The high position 21A corresponds to disconnector 21 being in its open configuration, and the low position 21B corresponds to disconnector 21 being in its closed configuration.

[0106] The third curve corresponds to the configuration of semiconductor component 19 during time t. The high position 19A corresponds to semiconductor component 19 in its non-conductive configuration, and the low position 19B corresponds to semiconductor component 19 in its conductive configuration.

[0107] The fourth curve corresponds to the configuration of the isolation mechanism 13 during time t. The high position 13A corresponds to the isolation mechanism 13 being in its open configuration, and the low position 13B corresponds to the isolation mechanism 13 being in its closed configuration.

[0108] Considering an initial time t0, at this initial time t0, mechanical switch 17 is in its disconnected configuration, disconnector switch 21 is in its open configuration, and semiconductor component 19 is in its non-conductive configuration. By definition, isolation mechanism 13 then enters its open configuration. In this configuration, current isolation of hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301 is ensured, and no current flows through hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301.

[0109] At time t1, the operator 35 or control unit 7 commands the mixed circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301 to close. The subsequent closing method 400 aims to re-establish the flow of current I through the mixed circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301 while ensuring safe operation.

[0110] The closing method 400 includes a first closing phase, including switching 402 of the mechanical switch 17 from its disconnecting configuration to its open configuration and switching 404 of the disconnecting switch 21 from its open configuration to its closed configuration.

[0111] exist Figure 6 In this configuration, the mechanical switch 17 switches from its disconnected configuration to its open configuration 402 at time t1, and the disconnect switch 21 switches from its open configuration to its closed configuration 404 at time t2, which is different from time t1. Alternatively, both switches 402 and 404 may occur simultaneously, or switch 404 may occur before switch 402.

[0112] At the end of the first closing phase, the isolation mechanism 13 is in its closed configuration by definition. Therefore, current isolation of the hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301 is no longer in place. In this configuration, the hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301 still resist current flow, in the main branch due to the mechanical switch 17 in the open configuration, and in the switching branch by means of the semiconductor 19 in the non-conductive configuration, but leakage current can flow through these components.

[0113] According to embodiments of the invention, safe operation during the first closing phase is ensured differently. In the first and second embodiments, the bistable nature of the mechanical switch 17 ensures that the mechanical switch 17 is in an open configuration at the end of the first closing phase. This then ensures that the switching device 5 will not reclose in the event of a short circuit. In the third embodiment, the locking device 239 ensures that switching 402 and 404 occurs only in the presence of confirmation from the control unit 7, thereby ensuring that the control unit 7 has the capability to command the disconnection of the hybrid circuit breaker 201 in the event of a problem. In the fourth embodiment, the fact that the closing command must be sent through the control unit 7 ensures that switching 402 and 404 only occurs when the control unit 7 is operable.

[0114] In order to completely re-establish the current flow through the mixed circuit breakers 1, 101, 201 or 301, the closing method 400 includes a second closing phase, which includes switching the semiconductor component 19 from its non-conductive configuration 406 to its conductive configuration, and then switching the mechanical switch 17 from its open configuration 408 to its closed configuration.

[0115] exist Figure 6In the process, the switching 406 of the semiconductor component 19 from its non-conductive configuration to its conductive configuration occurs at time t3, and the switching 408 of the mechanical switch 17 from its open configuration to its closed configuration occurs at time t4, which is different from time t3 and occurs after time t3.

[0116] At the end of closing method 400, current I flows again through the hybrid circuit breakers 1, 101, 201, or 301, and the electrical device is operational. This is then the nominal operating mode of the electrical device. More specifically, current I flows in the main branch 25 and therefore does not pass through the semiconductor component 19 or the disconnecting switch 21 located in the switching branch 27. Therefore, as explained in the introduction, no heating occurs in the disconnecting switch 21 or in the semiconductor component 19, thereby extending the service life of the semiconductor component 19.

[0117] Starting from this nominal operating mode, where mechanical switch 17 is in its closed configuration, semiconductor component 19 is in its conducting configuration, and disconnecting switch 21 is in its closed configuration, the operator 35, control unit 7, or tripping unit 115 commands the hybrid circuit breaker 1, 101, 201, or 301 to be disconnected at time t5. For example, this command is issued after control unit 7 detects an overcurrent, i.e., when the current intensity value measured by current sensor 11 exceeds a current threshold. The subsequent disconnection method 500 serves to interrupt the flow of current I in hybrid circuit breaker 1, 101, 201, or 301 for the purpose of protecting electrical equipment.

[0118] The disconnection method 500 includes a first disconnection phase, which includes switching the mechanical switch 17 from its closed configuration to its open configuration 502, and then switching the semiconductor component 19 from its conductive configuration to its non-conductive configuration 504.

[0119] exist Figure 6 In the example, the switching 502 of mechanical switch 17 from its closed configuration to its open configuration occurs at time t5. Current then flows from main branch 25 to switch branch 27, which includes semiconductor component 19. Then, the switching 504 of semiconductor component 19 from its conducting configuration to its non-conducting configuration occurs at time t6, which is different from time t5 and occurs after time t5.

[0120] At the end of the first disconnection phase, the switching device 5 prevents current from flowing through both branches. Due to the characteristics of the semiconductor component 19 and the mechanical switch 17, especially the characteristics of the disconnection actuator 31 used to disconnect the mechanical switch 17, the first disconnection phase is relatively fast and allows for rapid safety of electrical equipment. However, at the end of the first disconnection phase, leakage current can still flow through the switching device 5 due to the lack of current isolation.

[0121] Therefore, the disconnection method 500 includes a second disconnection phase, including switching of the isolating switch 21 from its closed configuration to its open configuration 506 and switching of the mechanical switch 17 from its open configuration to its disconnect configuration 508.

[0122] exist Figure 6 In this configuration, the switching 506 of the disconnecting switch 21 from its closed configuration to its open configuration occurs at time t7, and the switching 508 of the mechanical switch 17 from its open configuration to its disconnected configuration occurs at time t8, which is different from time t7. Alternatively, both switching 506 and 508 may occur simultaneously, or switching 508 may occur before switching 506.

[0123] At the end of this second disconnection phase, and therefore at the end of disconnection method 500, the isolation mechanism 13 is in its disconnected configuration by definition. In other words, current isolation of the switching device 5 is ensured on the main branch 25 due to the mechanical switch 17 in the disconnected configuration and on the switching branch 27 due to the isolating switch 21 in the disconnected configuration. Thus, the electrical device is protected from leakage current.

[0124] Once the electrical fault causing the overcurrent has been resolved, the hybrid circuit breaker 1, 101, 201 or 301 can be reset according to closing method 400.

[0125] Any feature described above with respect to one embodiment or alternative variation may also be implemented in other embodiments and alternative variations described above, provided that it is technically feasible.

Claims

1. A hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201, 301), comprising: - A switching device (5) includes a main branch (25) connecting two electrical terminals (3A, 3B) and a switching branch (27) connecting the two electrical terminals (3A, 3B) and connected in parallel with the main branch (25). The switching device (5) includes: • Mechanical switch (17), belonging to the main branch (25), is configured to switch between a closed configuration that allows current to flow in the main branch (25) and an open configuration that prevents current from flowing in the main branch (25); • Semiconductor component (19), belonging to the switching branch (27), is configured to switch between a conductive configuration that allows current to flow in the switching branch (27) and a non-conductive configuration that prevents current from flowing in the switching branch (27); and • The disconnecting switch (21), belonging to the switch branch (27), is configured to switch between a closed configuration that allows current to flow in the switch branch (27) and an open configuration that prevents current from flowing in the switch branch (27) by means of an isolation mechanism (13), wherein the disconnecting switch (21) in the open configuration provides greater resistance to current flowing in the switch branch than the semiconductor component (19) in the non-conductive configuration provides greater resistance to current flowing in the switch branch; - The control unit (7) is configured to, depending on the incoming current (I) through the hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201, 301) between the two electrical terminals (3A, 3B), command the mechanical switch (17) to switch between its open and closed configurations, the semiconductor component (19) to switch between its non-conductive and conductive configurations, and the disconnecting switch (21) to switch between its closed and open configurations via the disconnecting mechanism (13); The mechanical switch (17) is characterized by being able to switch to an isolation configuration by means of an isolation mechanism (13), which is different from the open and closed configurations. The isolation configuration prevents current from flowing in the main branch (25) and makes the resistance of the mechanical switch (17) to the current flowing in the main branch in the isolation configuration greater than the resistance of the mechanical switch (17) to the current flowing in the main branch in the open configuration.

2. The hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201) according to claim 1, wherein, The isolation mechanism (13) is also configured to be disengaged by manual action of an operator (35).

3. The hybrid circuit breaker (301) according to claim 1, wherein, The isolation mechanism (13) is configured to be tripped only by the control unit (7).

4. The hybrid circuit breaker (201) according to any of the preceding claims further includes a locking device (239) configured to prevent the isolating mechanism (13) from switching the mechanical switch (17) to one of its open or closed configuration and the isolating switch (21) to its closed configuration without confirmation from the control unit (7).

5. The hybrid circuit breaker (101) according to any of the preceding claims further includes a trip unit (115) configured to receive a measurement of the incoming current (I) and, when the incoming current (I) exceeds a predetermined current threshold, command the isolation mechanism (13) to switch the mechanical switch (17) to its isolation configuration and the isolation switch (21) to its open configuration.

6. The hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The mechanical switch (17) is bistable, meaning that the open and closed configurations of the mechanical switch (17) are stable.

7. The hybrid circuit breaker (201, 301) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The mechanical switch (17) is monostable.

8. The hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201, 301) according to any of the preceding claims further includes a shield (30) that resists the flow of current in the main branch (25) when the mechanical switch (17) is in its isolation configuration.

9. A method (500) for disconnecting a hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201, 301) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mechanical switch (17) is initially in its closed configuration, the semiconductor component (19) is in its conductive configuration, and the disconnecting switch (21) is in its closed configuration, the disconnecting method (500) comprising: - The first disconnection phase includes switching the mechanical switch (17) from its closed configuration (502) to its open configuration, and then switching the semiconductor component (19) from its conductive configuration (504) to its non-conductive configuration; then - The second disconnection phase includes the disconnecting switch (21) switching (506) from its closed configuration to its open configuration and the mechanical switch (17) switching (508) from its open configuration to its disconnected configuration.

10. A method (400) for closing a hybrid circuit breaker (1, 101, 201, 301) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mechanical switch (17) is initially in its disconnecting configuration, the semiconductor component (19) is in its non-conductive configuration, and the disconnecting switch (21) is in its open configuration, the closing method comprising: - The first closing phase includes switching the mechanical switch (17) from its disconnecting configuration (402) to its open configuration, and switching the disconnecting switch (21) from its open configuration (404) to its closed configuration; then - The second closing phase includes switching the semiconductor component (19) from its non-conductive configuration (406) to its conductive configuration, and then switching the mechanical switch (17) from its open configuration (408) to its closed configuration.

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