Electromagnetic black hole based noble gas plasma high performance waveguide

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-efficiency waveguide for inert gas plasma based on an electromagnetic black hole, relating to microwave plasma technology and metamaterial applications. This invention solves the adaptation problem by controlling the volume ratio of the high-dielectric-content doped layer, making the dielectric constant of the core region equivalent to a positive value, breaking through the traditional limitation that the dielectric constant of the core layer of an electromagnetic black hole must be positive, thus achieving high-efficiency adaptation to argon plasma. This invention improves energy utilization efficiency and stability by achieving low-reflection absorption and helical convergence of electromagnetic waves through an electromagnetic black hole structure composed of an outer and inner layer. Combined with a structure consisting of rectangular and circular waveguides, microwave energy is concentrated in the plasma region, reducing transmission loss and adapting to dynamic changes in the plasma dielectric constant. This invention optimizes the structure and process by simulating a continuous refractive index distribution through a multi-layered fixed-dielectric-constant structure composed of an outer and inner layer of the electromagnetic black hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave plasma technology and metamaterials applications, specifically to a high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes inert gas plasma. Background Technology

[0002] Because electromagnetic waves propagate similarly in curved space and in inhomogeneous metamaterials, electromagnetic fields and metamaterials can be used to simulate some properties of black holes. Therefore, in existing technologies, electromagnetic black holes can be formed through metamaterial structures, allowing these black holes to spiral inward and capture and absorb electromagnetic waves from all directions without reflection.

[0003] The main principle of this technology is to use a metamaterial with a radially continuous refractive index distribution (i.e., an artificially structured dielectric material with extraordinary physical properties) to wrap the outer layer of the medium, thereby changing the propagation path of electromagnetic waves and converging them spirally inward into the absorber, making the energy more concentrated and stable.

[0004] Due to the special properties of electromagnetic black holes, the dielectric constant of the medium in their core layer must be positive. This creates limitations for the technology. For example, when exciting plasma, the dielectric constant of the excited plasma is negative, so the effect of electromagnetic black holes is not ideal.

[0005] A waveguide is a structure used to guide electromagnetic waves in a specific direction. Waveguides are mainly used as transmission lines for microwave frequencies. Waveguides can confine energy in a hollow metal, which can greatly reduce energy loss during transmission, rather than radiating energy directly into the entire space like an antenna.

[0006] Microwave plasma utilizes electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency band as an energy source to excite gas and generate plasma, which is then applied to the preparation, synthesis, modification, and processing of materials. Currently, reducing microwave reflection and improving microwave utilization efficiency are not only urgent problems for microwave energy practitioners but also issues of concern for electromagnetic wave researchers. However, because microwave heating of plasma is a complex nonlinear process, the dielectric constant of the material changes with its temperature. Even a small change in the dielectric constant can affect the stability of microwave applications. Furthermore, energy loss typically occurs during microwave heating, necessitating the concentration of microwave energy onto the plasma to ensure maximum energy absorption.

[0007] Therefore, there is a great need to develop a system that can maintain high and stable microwave absorption under loads with a large dynamic range of dielectric constant. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency waveguide based on an electromagnetic black hole inert gas plasma, comprising an electromagnetic black hole structure, a composite waveguide structure, a metal ridge, doped materials, and a PVF ventilation tube;

[0010] The electromagnetic black hole structure is a multi-layer metamaterial structure with a fixed dielectric constant. The electromagnetic black hole structure includes an outer layer and an inner layer of electromagnetic black holes, which are used to simulate a radial continuous refractive index distribution and realize the spiral convergence of electromagnetic waves.

[0011] The composite waveguide structure includes a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide, which are interconnected. Both the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide have an inner cavity on their inner sides, and the inner cavities are filled with a dielectric material.

[0012] The circular waveguide is symmetrically provided with metal ridges, which are used to fix the electromagnetic black hole structure and ensure assembly stability.

[0013] The electromagnetic black hole has a doped material on its inner side, and a PVF vent tube is disposed on the inner side of the doped material. The doped material is used to wrap the PVF vent tube.

[0014] Microwaves are incident from the rectangular waveguide port, and after the wavelength is shortened by the inner cavity dielectric material, they enter the circular waveguide. The electromagnetic black hole structure helically attracts the electromagnetic waves to the core region, and inert gas is introduced through the PVF vent pipe. The inert gas forms plasma under the excitation of electromagnetic waves.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall width of the rectangular waveguide is 80mm-120mm, the wall thickness is 4mm-8mm, the inner wall height is 50mm-65mm, and the overall length is 200mm-220mm. The inner cavity is filled with a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 8-10.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the circular waveguide is 85mm-95mm, the outer diameter is 95mm-100mm, and the height is 120mm-135mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the metal ridge extending towards the center of the circular waveguide has a thickness of 10mm-15mm, a height of 18mm-22mm, an inner arc length of 30mm-35mm, and an outer arc length of 45mm-50mm. The material of the metal ridge includes copper and other conductive metals.

[0018] Furthermore, each layer of the electromagnetic black hole structure is cylindrical, and the dielectric constants of the outer and inner layers of the electromagnetic black hole are distributed in a gradient. The dielectric constant of the inner layer of the electromagnetic black hole is 9-11, and the dielectric constant of the outer layer is 8-10. The material of the electromagnetic black hole structure includes alumina ceramics and other equivalent metamaterials.

[0019] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the doped material is 60-70, the material of the doped material includes DK65 ceramic and other equivalent high dielectric materials, the inner diameter of the doped material is 54mm-58mm, the outer diameter is 75mm-78mm, and the height of the doped material is flush with the circular waveguide.

[0020] Furthermore, the PVF vent tube has a thickness of 1.5mm-2.5mm, an inner diameter of 53mm-56mm, an outer diameter of 55mm-58mm, and a height that is flush with the circular waveguide.

[0021] Furthermore, the inert gas includes at least argon and helium. By adjusting the type of inert gas and the volume ratio of the doped material, the dielectric properties of different gas plasmas can be adapted.

[0022] Furthermore, the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide are made of materials including copper, aluminum and other conductive metals, and one side of the rectangular waveguide is provided with an arc-shaped cross-section adapted to the circular waveguide.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention solves the adaptation problem by controlling the volume ratio of the doped high-dielectric material layer, making the dielectric constant of the core region equivalent to a positive value, breaking through the limitation that the dielectric constant of the core layer of the traditional electromagnetic black hole must be positive, and achieving efficient adaptation to argon plasma.

[0025] 2. This invention improves energy utilization efficiency and stability. It achieves low reflection absorption and spiral convergence of electromagnetic waves through an electromagnetic black hole structure consisting of an outer layer and an inner layer of an electromagnetic black hole. Combined with a combination structure of rectangular and circular waveguides, it concentrates microwave energy in the plasma region, reduces transmission loss, and adapts to the dynamic changes in plasma dielectric constant.

[0026] 3. This invention optimizes the structure and process. It simulates a continuous refractive index distribution by using a multi-layered fixed dielectric constant structure composed of an outer layer and an inner layer of an electromagnetic black hole. This avoids the large-size defects of traditional electromagnetic black holes, is compatible with common microwave frequency bands such as 2.45GHz, and is easy to process and manufacture, thus reducing production costs.

[0027] 4. By adjusting the type of doping material, the type of gas, and the volume ratio, this invention can be adapted to plasmas of other inert gases such as helium, thereby improving the versatility of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic black hole model and the trajectory of electromagnetic waves.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Inner cavity; 2. Rectangular waveguide; 3. Circular waveguide; 4. Metal ridge; 5. Outer layer of electromagnetic black hole; 6. Inner layer of electromagnetic black hole; 7. Doped material; 8. PVF vent pipe; 9. Inert gas. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0035] There are three problems with existing electromagnetic black hole technology:

[0036] First, the design of electromagnetic black holes requires a background medium with a dielectric constant ε0 > 1. When the dielectric constant is greater than 1, the shell of the electromagnetic black hole can be designed as an all-dielectric material. However, to match the dielectric constant of the system with a low-refractive-index environment (such as air), the composite material constituting the shell must contain a metallic component with a dielectric constant εm < 0. This results in losses that cause the shell's dielectric constant εr to have a non-zero imaginary part. Second, the formula for inner and outer diameters indicates that the real part of the dielectric constant of the core layer of an electromagnetic black hole must be positive. However, the real part of the dielectric constant of argon plasma is negative after excitation, making electromagnetic black holes unsuitable for this type of plasma. Finally, the size of an electromagnetic black hole is wavelength-dependent, and the 2.45 GHz microwave wavelength is relatively large. Therefore, electromagnetic black holes suitable for 2.45 GHz microwaves would be very large, which is inconvenient.

[0037] Existing microwave plasma reaction systems still have room for improvement in stability. Therefore, this application designs a waveguide with an electromagnetic black hole structure by doping materials. Under the condition of 2.45 GHz microwave incident and argon plasma as the central medium, the waveguide has good dimensions and exhibits better energy absorption and retention capabilities compared to quartz tubes.

[0038] See Figure 4 A magnetic black hole is a metamaterial whose dielectric constant varies with radial distance, and its dielectric constant must satisfy the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] In this formula, r is the distance from the electromagnetic black hole to its center, Ra is the inner diameter, and Rb is the outer diameter. ε0 is the dielectric constant of the background medium, usually taken as 1, ε'a is the real part of the dielectric constant of the black hole core, ε''a is the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of the black hole core, and εr is the formula for the radial variation of the dielectric constant of the gradient layer of the electromagnetic black hole, which can be expressed by the following formula.

[0041]

[0042] Furthermore, the inner and outer diameters of an electromagnetic black hole should also follow the following formula.

[0043]

[0044] It is important to note that the inner and outer diameters of an electromagnetic black hole are related to its wavelength, requiring Ra ≥ λ and Rb ≥ λ. λ.

[0045] This type of electromagnetic black hole was first reported by Narimanov, Evgenii E., and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Optical black hole: Broadband omnidirectional light absorber." Applied Physics Letters 95.4 (2009).

[0046] This invention innovatively proposes to make the core layer of an electromagnetic black hole equivalent to a positive dielectric value by doping it with a high-dielectric material. Based on the superior performance of electromagnetic black holes in concentrating and absorbing microwaves, a high-efficiency waveguide with an electromagnetic black hole structure suitable for argon plasma is proposed. The waveguide has a rectangular front end and a circular rear end, within which an electromagnetic black hole structure is embedded. This electromagnetic black hole structure is simple and small in size. Gradient refractive index metamaterials are used to simulate optical black holes and capture electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves are guided, bent, and spiraled within the metamaterial until most of their energy is fixed in the core of the electromagnetic black hole. This waveguide can adapt to changes in dielectric dynamics.

[0047] Specifically as follows:

[0048] Please see Figures 1-3 A high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic black hole structure, a composite waveguide structure, a metal ridge 4, a doped material 7, and a PVF ventilation tube 8.

[0049] The electromagnetic black hole structure is a multi-layered metamaterial structure with a fixed dielectric constant. The electromagnetic black hole structure includes an outer layer 5 and an inner layer 6, which are used to simulate a radially continuous refractive index distribution and realize the spiral convergence of electromagnetic waves.

[0050] The composite waveguide structure includes a rectangular waveguide 2 and a circular waveguide 3, which are interconnected. Both the inner side of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the inner side of the circular waveguide 3 have an inner cavity 1, which is filled with a dielectric material.

[0051] The circular waveguide 3 is symmetrically equipped with metal ridges 4. The symmetrical metal ridges 4 are used to fix the electromagnetic black hole structure and ensure assembly stability.

[0052] The inner side of the electromagnetic black hole is provided with doped material 7, and the inner side of the doped material 7 is provided with PVF vent pipe 8. The doped material 7 is used to wrap the PVF vent pipe 8.

[0053] Microwaves are incident from port 2 of the rectangular waveguide. After the wavelength is shortened by the dielectric material of the inner cavity 1, they enter the circular waveguide 3. The electromagnetic black hole structure attracts the electromagnetic waves to the core region in a spiral motion. Inert gas 9 is introduced through the PVF ventilation pipe 8. The inert gas 9 forms plasma under the excitation of electromagnetic waves.

[0054] The inner wall width of the rectangular waveguide 2 is 80mm-120mm, the wall thickness is 4mm-8mm, the inner wall height is 50mm-65mm, and the overall length is 200mm-220mm. The inner cavity 1 is filled with a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 8-10. In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the rectangular waveguide 2 is filled with a material with a dielectric constant of 9, such as 99 alumina ceramic.

[0055] In this preferred embodiment, the inner wall width is 100mm, the wall thickness is 6mm, the inner wall height is 58mm, and the overall length is 211.6mm.

[0056] The inner diameter of the circular waveguide 3 is 85mm-95mm, the outer diameter is 95mm-100mm, and the height is 120mm-135mm.

[0057] In this preferred embodiment, the circular waveguide has an inner diameter of 92 mm, an outer diameter of 98 mm, and a height of 127 mm. The distance between the bottom surface of the circular waveguide and the bottom surface of the rectangular waveguide 2 is 26.2 mm.

[0058] The metal ridge 4 extends towards the center of the circular waveguide 3 with a thickness of 10mm-15mm, a height of 18mm-22mm, an inner arc length of 30mm-35mm, and an outer arc length of 45mm-50mm. The metal ridge 4 is made of copper and other conductive metals.

[0059] In this preferred embodiment, the metal ridge 4 extends towards the center of the circular waveguide 3 with a thickness of 12 mm, a height of 20 mm, an inner arc length of 32.2 mm, an outer arc length of 46.2 mm, and the metal ridge 4 is 56.2 mm above the bottom surface of the circular waveguide 3.

[0060] Each layer of the electromagnetic black hole structure is cylindrical. The dielectric constants of the outer layer 5 and the inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole are distributed in a gradient. The dielectric constant of the inner layer 6 is 9-11, and the dielectric constant of the outer layer 5 is 8-10. The materials of the electromagnetic black hole structure include alumina ceramics and other equivalent metamaterials.

[0061] In this preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic black hole structure is a two-layer cylindrical structure. The outer layer 5 of the electromagnetic black hole is made of 99 alumina ceramic (dielectric constant 9), with an inner diameter of 78 mm and an outer diameter of 80 mm. The inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole is made of 96 alumina ceramic (dielectric constant 10), with an inner diameter of 76 mm and an outer diameter of 78 mm. The height of both layers is flush with the circular waveguide 3, simulating a radially continuous dielectric constant distribution.

[0062] The dielectric constant of doped material 7 is 60-70. The material of doped material 7 includes DK65 ceramic and other equivalent high dielectric materials. The inner diameter of doped material 7 is 54mm-58mm and the outer diameter is 75mm-78mm. The height of doped material 7 is flush with that of circular waveguide 3.

[0063] In this embodiment, the doped material 7 is preferably made of DK65 ceramic (dielectric constant 64), and is in the shape of a cylindrical tube with a height flush with that of the circular waveguide 3, an inner diameter of 56.7 mm and an outer diameter of 76 mm.

[0064] The thickness of the PVF vent tube 8 is 1.5mm-2.5mm, the inner diameter is 53mm-56mm, the outer diameter is 55mm-58mm, and the height of the PVF vent tube 8 is flush with that of the circular waveguide 3.

[0065] In this embodiment, the preferred PVF vent tube 8 has a thickness of 2 mm, an inner diameter of 54.7 mm, an outer diameter of 56.7 mm, and a height that is flush with the circular waveguide 3. An inert gas 9 is introduced into the tube.

[0066] The inert gas 9 includes at least argon and helium. By adjusting the type of inert gas 9 and the volume ratio of the dopant 7, the dielectric properties of different gas plasmas can be adapted.

[0067] The rectangular waveguide 2 and the circular waveguide 3 are made of copper, aluminum and other conductive metals. One side of the rectangular waveguide 2 is provided with an arc-shaped cross section that is adapted to the circular waveguide 3.

[0068] Based on the above embodiments, a specific configuration process is proposed:

[0069] The rectangular waveguide 2 and the circular waveguide 3 are bonded together through an arc-shaped cross section and fixed by welding or bolts to ensure that the inner cavity 1 of both is connected to the outer cavity and is well sealed.

[0070] The symmetrical metal ridge 4 is fixed in a preset position inside the circular waveguide 3 to ensure that the position of the metal ridge 4 is symmetrical and firmly fixed.

[0071] The outer layer 5 of the electromagnetic black hole is fitted onto the inner surface of the metal ridge 4 and fixed tightly; then the inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole is fitted onto the outside of the doped material 7, so that the inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole and the doped material 7 are tightly fitted together.

[0072] The PVF vent tube 8, which is wrapped with doped material 7, is inserted into the center of the inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole to ensure that all components are coaxial and level.

[0073] After checking the stability and sealing of each component connection, inert gas 9 is introduced into the interior through PVF vent pipe 8 to complete the assembly of the device.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments, a specific working process is proposed:

[0075] Inert gas 9 is continuously introduced into the core area of ​​the device through PVF vent pipe 8 to form a stable gas environment.

[0076] A 2.45 GHz microwave is incident from port 2 of the rectangular waveguide. After passing through the dielectric constant 9 of the 99% alumina ceramic in the inner cavity 1, the wavelength is shortened.

[0077] After the wavelength is shortened, the microwave enters the circular waveguide 3. Under the influence of the gradient dielectric constant of the electromagnetic black hole structure, the electromagnetic wave is guided to bend and propagate in a spiral, gradually converging into the core region.

[0078] The converged microwave energy excites the inert gas 9 introduced into the PVF ventilation tube 8, causing it to form plasma. Due to the effect of the doped material 7, the overall dielectric constant of the core region is equivalent to a positive value, ensuring that the electromagnetic black hole continuously and stably captures electromagnetic waves, fixing most of the energy in the plasma region, and achieving efficient energy absorption and stable maintenance.

[0079] In summary:

[0080] 1. This invention combines an electromagnetic black hole structure with plasma. By using a doping material 7 (such as DK65 ceramic), the plasma is made equivalent to a positive value, thus adapting to the electromagnetic black hole structure. The specific steps are as follows: a high dielectric material with a dielectric constant of Ec is selected as the doping material 7, and it is tightly wrapped around the outside of the PVF vent pipe 8. The overall shape is a circular tube, and its outer layer is tightly attached to the inner layer 6 of the electromagnetic black hole. The doping material 7, the inert gas 9 (plasma state), and the PVF vent pipe 8 are regarded as a whole, located in the core layer of the electromagnetic black hole structure. The overall dielectric constant E = dielectric constant of doping material 7 Ec × volume percentage of doping material 7 Vc + dielectric constant of PVF vent pipe 8 E1 × volume percentage of PVF vent pipe 8 V1 + dielectric constant of inert gas 9 (plasma state) E2 × volume percentage of inert gas 9 (plasma state) V2.

[0081] 2. A rectangular waveguide 2 with an electromagnetic black hole structure is combined with a circular waveguide 3 to achieve the effect of microwave plasma application, that is, the microwave plasma waveguide with an electromagnetic black hole structure.

[0082] 3. Adding a high-dielectric material (such as 96 alumina) to the inner cavity 1 shortens the wavelength of electromagnetic waves after they enter, which not only maintains good waveguide dimensions, but also makes the electromagnetic black hole structure adaptable to applications.

[0083] 4. When the dielectric constant of the core layer material (plasma state of inert gas 9) of the electromagnetic black hole is negative, the present invention provides an equivalent approach: doping material 7 (such as DK65 ceramic) is set inside the electromagnetic black hole structure. By adjusting the volume ratio of doping material 7 to inert gas 9 (plasma state) with negative dielectric constant, the entire core region can be regarded as a whole. The dielectric constant of this whole is affected by the volume ratio of doping material 7 and can be equivalent to a positive value.

[0084] In different embodiments:

[0085] Gas substitution: Inert gas 9 can be selected from other inert gases such as helium and neon. By adjusting the dielectric constant and volume ratio of doping material 7, the overall dielectric constant of the core region can be adapted to the dielectric properties of the corresponding gas plasma.

[0086] Material substitutions: Rectangular waveguide 2, circular waveguide 3 and metal ridge 4 can be made of aluminum, alloys or other conductive materials; the ceramic material of the electromagnetic black hole structure can be replaced with other metamaterials with equivalent dielectric constants; doped material 7 can be replaced with other ceramic materials with a dielectric constant of 60-70.

[0087] Structural parameter adjustment: By adjusting parameters such as the size of rectangular waveguide 2 and circular waveguide 3, the number of layers of the electromagnetic black hole structure and the dielectric constant of each layer, and the volume ratio of doped material 7, it can be adapted to microwave incident scenarios of different frequencies, thus expanding the application range of the device.

[0088] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma, characterized in that: It includes an electromagnetic black hole structure, a composite waveguide structure, a metal ridge (4), doped materials (7), and a PVF vent pipe (8). The electromagnetic black hole structure is a multi-layer metamaterial structure with a fixed dielectric constant. The electromagnetic black hole structure includes an outer layer (5) and an inner layer (6) of an electromagnetic black hole, which are used to simulate a radial continuous refractive index distribution and realize the spiral convergence of electromagnetic waves. The composite waveguide structure includes a rectangular waveguide (2) and a circular waveguide (3), which are interconnected. Both the inner side of the rectangular waveguide (2) and the inner side of the circular waveguide (3) are provided with an inner cavity (1), which is filled with a dielectric material. The circular waveguide (3) is provided with symmetrical metal ridges (4), which are used to fix the electromagnetic black hole structure and ensure assembly stability. The electromagnetic black hole is provided with a doped material (7) on its inner side, and a PVF vent tube (8) is provided on the inner side of the doped material (7). The doped material (7) is used to wrap the PVF vent tube (8). Microwaves are incident from the port of the rectangular waveguide (2), and after the wavelength is shortened by the dielectric material of the inner cavity (1), they enter the circular waveguide (3). The electromagnetic black hole structure attracts the electromagnetic waves to the core region in a spiral motion, and introduces inert gas (9) through the PVF ventilation pipe (8). The inert gas (9) forms plasma under the excitation of electromagnetic waves.

2. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall width of the rectangular waveguide (2) is 80mm-120mm, the wall thickness is 4mm-8mm, the inner wall height is 50mm-65mm, and the overall length is 200mm-220mm. The inner cavity (1) is filled with a ceramic material with a constant of 8-10.

3. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular waveguide (3) has an inner diameter of 85mm-95mm, an outer diameter of 95mm-100mm, and a height of 120mm-135mm.

4. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal ridge (4) extends toward the center of the circular waveguide (3) with a thickness of 10mm-15mm, a height of 18mm-22mm, an inner arc length of 30mm-35mm, and an outer arc length of 45mm-50mm. The material of the metal ridge (4) includes copper and other conductive metals.

5. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of the electromagnetic black hole structure is cylindrical. The dielectric constants of the outer layer (5) and the inner layer (6) of the electromagnetic black hole are distributed in a gradient. The dielectric constant of the inner layer (6) of the electromagnetic black hole is 9-11, and the dielectric constant of the outer layer (5) of the electromagnetic black hole is 8-10. The material of the electromagnetic black hole structure includes alumina ceramic and other equivalent metamaterials.

6. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the doped material (7) is 60-70. The material of the doped material (7) includes DK65 ceramic and other equivalent high dielectric materials. The inner diameter of the doped material (7) is 54mm-58mm and the outer diameter is 75mm-78mm. The height of the doped material (7) is flush with the circular waveguide (3).

7. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the PVF vent tube (8) is 1.5mm-2.5mm, the inner diameter is 53mm-56mm, and the outer diameter is 55mm-58mm. The height of the PVF vent tube (8) is flush with the circular waveguide (3).

8. The high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas (9) includes at least argon and helium. By adjusting the type of inert gas (9) and the volume ratio of the doping material (7), the dielectric properties of different gas plasmas can be adapted.

9. A high-efficiency waveguide based on electromagnetic black holes and inert gas plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular waveguide (2) and the circular waveguide (3) are made of copper, aluminum and other conductive metals. One side of the rectangular waveguide (2) is provided with an arc-shaped cross section that is adapted to the circular waveguide (3).

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