Methods, systems, and media for direct satellite communication between mobile phones and satellites based on spaceborne phased array antennas.

Abstract

This application provides a method, system, and medium for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. The method includes: constructing a direct satellite communication system using a 5G NTN architecture; generating multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, with the mobile phone terminal within the coverage area of ​​the movable point beams; analyzing Doppler frequency shift based on a space-ground cooperative control network and adjusting the Doppler frequency shift according to frequency offset compensation information; fitting the movable point beams to the mobile phone terminal to obtain a primary waveform; performing noise suppression and signal gain on the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform; constructing a multi-dimensional constraint model to perform target optimization on the optimized waveform; adjusting the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on the optimization results to achieve data communication between the mobile phone terminal and the satellite; and performing dynamic real-time compensation through space-ground cooperative control to effectively offset the frequency drift caused by the high-speed movement of low-orbit satellites and ensure the stability of the space-ground communication link.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and more specifically, to a method, system, and medium for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Satellite mobile communication, as an important supplement to terrestrial cellular mobile communication, integrates the functions of ground base stations or repeaters onto a satellite platform. Based on orbital altitude, it can be divided into high-Earth orbit (HEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication. Among these, LEO satellite constellations, with their advantages of low latency and low path loss, have become the main force in achieving seamless global real-time broadband communication. Currently, satellite mobile communication is mainly divided into two categories: one is broadband access primarily using the Ka and Ku high-frequency bands, relying on bulky and power-intensive dedicated satellite terminals (referred to as "Star Cats" in this application), requiring users to use a terminal to connect their mobile phones to the internet; the other is direct-connection satellite communication primarily using the L and S low-frequency bands, aiming to allow ordinary mobile phones to connect directly to satellites without a dedicated terminal, becoming a new track for the development of satellite internet. Existing direct satellite communication for mobile phones faces three major technological bottlenecks: First, incompatible technical systems exist, with traditional satellite communication systems operating independently and lacking economies of scale, resulting in high terminal costs and communication fees, thus limiting the scale of the industry. Second, frequency resources are scarce, and the sub-8GHz bands available for direct satellite communication for mobile phones must accommodate traditional satellite services, terrestrial mobile communications, and satellite internet constellations, making spectrum allocation and coordination difficult and susceptible to interference from co-channels and adjacent channels. Third, the link budget is tight, as the high-speed relative motion between low-Earth orbit satellites and ground terminals (reaching speeds of over 27,000 km / h, or 7.9 km / s) causes severe Doppler frequency shift. At the same time, the low antenna gain and limited transmission power of mobile terminals result in significant signal loss in the satellite-to-ground link, leading to low communication speeds and poor service experience. As a core component of mobile phone direct satellite communication systems, the performance of spaceborne phased array antennas directly determines satellite coverage, link quality, and system capacity. Existing spaceborne phased array antennas suffer from high power consumption, heat dissipation difficulties, high computational complexity, and high cost. Furthermore, achieving a balance between performance gains, system complexity, manufacturing costs, and power consumption is challenging, especially in 5G non-terrestrial network (NTN) architectures. Therefore, optimizing the design of spaceborne phased array antennas to address key issues such as Doppler frequency offset, interference suppression, and link loss, and achieving efficient, low-cost, and wide-coverage direct satellite communication for mobile phones, has become a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, system, and medium for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a satellite-borne phased array antenna. Through satellite-ground coordinated control and combined with the terminal mobile phone to accurately calculate the frequency shift, dynamic real-time compensation is performed to effectively offset the frequency drift caused by the high-speed movement of low-orbit satellites and ensure the stability of the satellite-ground communication link.

[0004] This application also provides a method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna, including: A mobile phone direct satellite communication system is constructed using the 5GNTN architecture. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover mobile phones within the coverage area. The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Based on the mobile phone terminal, the movable point beam is fitted to obtain the primary waveform. The primary waveform is then subjected to noise suppression and signal gain to obtain the optimized waveform. A multidimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multidimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

[0005] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in the embodiments of this application, the spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64-channel standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

[0006] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in this application embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable dot beams according to DBF technology. The mobile phone terminals within the coverage area of ​​the movable dot beams specifically include: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

[0007] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in this application embodiment, the terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the space-ground cooperative control network, the Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the space-ground cooperative control network, frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information, specifically including: Real-time satellite coordinates are calculated iteratively based on ephemeris data; The location information of the terminal mobile phone is collected, and the location information of the terminal mobile phone is analyzed with the real-time satellite coordinates to obtain the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is compared with a set standard frequency shift threshold to obtain the frequency shift difference. Frequency shift compensation information is generated based on the frequency shift difference, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency shift compensation information.

[0008] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in this application embodiment, the mobile phone fits the movable point beam to obtain a primary waveform, and performs noise suppression and signal gain on the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform, specifically including: Collect discrete point beam signals, extract signal features, and extract the core parameters of the point beam, including amplitude, phase, and frequency. A fitting algorithm adapted to the characteristics of the satellite-to-ground link is used to fit the discrete point beam signal, eliminating signal discreteness and obtaining the primary waveform. Based on the primary beamforming capability of the miniaturized multi-antenna array of the terminal, signal gain processing is performed on the primary waveform after noise suppression. The primary waveform after gain processing is subjected to noise suppression to obtain the optimized waveform.

[0009] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in the embodiments of this application, a multi-dimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimized waveform is optimized based on the multi-dimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. The array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted based on the optimization result, specifically including: Define the objective function and multidimensional constraints of the multidimensional constraint model; The core parameters of the optimized waveform are input into a multi-dimensional constraint model. A system-level multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the waveform by combining the objective function and constraint conditions of the constraint model, and the optimization result is obtained. The optimization results are compared and analyzed with the multidimensional constraints, and adjustments are made until the multidimensional constraints are met.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. The system includes a memory and a processor. The memory includes a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by the processor, it implements the following steps: A mobile phone direct satellite communication system is constructed using the 5GNTN architecture. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover mobile phones within the coverage area. The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Based on the mobile phone terminal, the movable point beam is fitted to obtain the primary waveform. The primary waveform is then subjected to noise suppression and signal gain to obtain the optimized waveform. A multidimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multidimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

[0011] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in the embodiments of this application, the spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular and reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64 standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

[0012] Optionally, in the mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna described in this application embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams according to DBF technology. The mobile phone terminals within the coverage area of ​​the movable point beams specifically include: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna as described in any of the above claims.

[0014] As can be seen from the above, the embodiments of this application provide a method, system, and medium for direct satellite communication of mobile phones based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. By employing a 5G NTN system, a direct satellite communication system for mobile phones is constructed. This system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone, and a satellite-ground cooperative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, covering the terminal mobile phone within the beam coverage area. The terminal mobile phone and the satellite-ground cooperative control network are synchronously calibrated. Based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network, Doppler frequency shift is analyzed, and frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The frequency offset compensation information is then used to... The system adjusts the Doppler frequency shift; it fits the movable point beam to the mobile phone to obtain a primary waveform, then performs noise suppression and signal gain on the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform; it constructs a multi-dimensional constraint model, performs target optimization on the optimized waveform based on the multi-dimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result, and adjusts the array information of the onboard phased array antenna based on the optimization result to realize direct voice, SMS, or data communication between the mobile phone and the satellite; through satellite-ground coordinated control, combined with the precise measurement of frequency shift by the mobile phone, it performs dynamic real-time compensation to effectively offset the frequency drift caused by the high-speed movement of the low-orbit satellite and ensure the stability of the satellite-ground communication link. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart of a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the core driving factors of the core parameter correlation model of the mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4A comparison chart of system capabilities and overall satellite cost of a mobile phone direct-connect satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna, as described in some embodiments of this application. This method, used in a terminal device, includes the following steps: S101 adopts a 5GNTN system to build a mobile phone direct satellite communication system, which includes a satellite-borne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. S102, the spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover the terminal mobile phones within the area. S103, the terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network, the Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network, frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information; S104: Fit the movable point beam based on the terminal mobile phone to obtain the primary waveform, and perform noise suppression and signal gain on the primary waveform to obtain the optimized waveform; S105. Construct a multi-dimensional constraint model, perform target optimization on the optimized waveform based on the multi-dimensional constraint model, obtain the optimization result, and adjust the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on the optimization result to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

[0020] According to this embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64 standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

[0021] According to this embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable dot beams based on DBF technology. The mobile phones within the coverage area of ​​these movable dot beams specifically include: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

[0022] According to this embodiment, the terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Specifically, this includes: Real-time satellite coordinates are calculated iteratively based on ephemeris data; The location information of the terminal mobile phone is collected, and the location information of the terminal mobile phone is analyzed with the real-time satellite coordinates to obtain the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is compared with a set standard frequency shift threshold to obtain the frequency shift difference. Frequency shift compensation information is generated based on the frequency shift difference, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency shift compensation information.

[0023] According to this embodiment of the method, a primary waveform is obtained by fitting a movable point beam based on a mobile phone terminal. Noise suppression and signal gain are then applied to the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform, specifically including: Collect discrete point beam signals, extract signal features, and extract the core parameters of the point beam, including amplitude, phase, and frequency. A fitting algorithm adapted to the characteristics of the satellite-to-ground link is used to fit the discrete point beam signal, eliminating signal discreteness and obtaining the primary waveform. Based on the primary beamforming capability of the miniaturized multi-antenna array of the terminal, signal gain processing is performed on the primary waveform after noise suppression. The primary waveform after gain processing is subjected to noise suppression to obtain the optimized waveform.

[0024] It should be noted that: 1. Movable point beam signal reception and acquisition: The mobile phone receives the movable spot beam signal transmitted by the satellite phased array antenna through a built-in miniaturized multi-antenna array. Due to signal attenuation, environmental interference, and signal fluctuations caused by the high-speed movement of low-orbit satellites in the satellite-to-ground link, the received spot beam signal is a discrete and noisy raw signal. Signal acquisition and synchronization calibration must be completed first (in coordination with the satellite network side to complete timing synchronization and lay the foundation for waveform fitting).

[0025] 2. Fitting the primary waveform based on the received signal: The terminal side extracts signal features from the collected discrete point beam signals, extracting core parameters such as amplitude, phase, and frequency of the point beams. Combined with satellite position and beam pointing information from satellite-ground collaborative feedback, the signal distribution pattern of the point beams is determined. A fitting algorithm adapted to the characteristics of the satellite-to-ground link (such as least squares fitting or adaptive waveform fitting) is used to fit the discrete point beam signal, eliminate the signal discreteness, and obtain the primary waveform. The core function of the primary waveform is to restore the original signal profile of the movable point beam, compensate for the signal distortion during satellite-to-ground link transmission, provide a basic waveform for subsequent signal optimization, and adapt to the capability boundary of the terminal's primary beamforming.

[0026] 3. Primary waveform noise suppression processing: Noise source identification: Identify the types of noise contained in the primary waveform, which mainly include cosmic radiation noise in the satellite-to-ground link, ground electromagnetic interference noise, terminal circuit noise, and clutter caused by co-channel / adjacent-channel interference from neighboring satellites; Noise suppression execution: Combining interference suppression technology, the terminal side adopts a noise suppression algorithm adapted to miniaturized antennas, and coordinates with the on-board interference suppression strategy (digital domain adaptive null trap) to filter noise from the primary waveform; Core processing logic: Prioritize the suppression of strong interference noise, separate signal and noise through signal filtering and interference identification (which can be linked to AI-based interference identification algorithms), retain the effective signal components in the primary waveform, reduce the impact of noise on signal quality, and avoid demodulation performance degradation caused by noise accumulation.

[0027] 4. Optimize waveform generation (signal gain processing): Signal gain adjustment: Based on the primary beamforming capability of the miniaturized multi-antenna array of the terminal, the signal gain is processed on the primary waveform after noise suppression. By adjusting the phase weighting of the antenna array, the signal energy is concentrated, the amplitude and intensity of the effective signal are improved, and the signal loss of the satellite-to-ground link is compensated. Gain adaptation constraints: While increasing signal gain, the system adheres to the standards for terminal battery life and electromagnetic radiation safety, and adopts a dynamic power consumption balancing scheme to avoid a surge in terminal power consumption caused by excessive gain, thereby achieving a balance between gain enhancement and power consumption control. Optimized waveform output: After noise suppression and signal gain processing, an optimized waveform with both high signal-to-noise ratio and high signal strength is obtained. This waveform can be directly used for subsequent signal interaction between the terminal and the satellite (such as demodulation and decoding) to ensure the stability and reliability of the satellite-to-ground communication link.

[0028] According to this embodiment, a multi-dimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimized waveform is optimized based on the multi-dimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted, specifically including: Define the objective function and multidimensional constraints of the multidimensional constraint model; The core parameters of the optimized waveform are input into a multi-dimensional constraint model. A system-level multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the waveform by combining the objective function and constraint conditions of the constraint model, and the optimization result is obtained. The optimization results are compared and analyzed with the multidimensional constraints, and adjustments are made until the multidimensional constraints are met.

[0029] like Figures 2-4 As shown, in a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. The system includes a memory and a processor. The memory includes a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by the processor, it implements the following steps: A mobile phone direct satellite communication system is constructed using the 5GNTN architecture. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover the terminal mobile phones within the area. The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Based on the mobile phone terminal, the movable point beam is fitted to obtain the primary waveform. The primary waveform is then subjected to noise suppression and signal gain to obtain the optimized waveform. A multidimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multidimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

[0030] According to this embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64 standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

[0031] According to this embodiment, the spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable dot beams based on DBF technology. The mobile phones within the coverage area of ​​these movable dot beams specifically include: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

[0032] Direct satellite communication for mobile phones refers to a mobile communication technology where ordinary smartphones can communicate directly via satellite without relying on ground base stations or dedicated satellite terminals (i.e., "satellite cats"). Its core objective is to eliminate communication blind spots (such as oceans, deserts, remote mountainous areas, and the air), building a seamless global integrated space-air-ground network. A diagram illustrating direct satellite communication for mobile phones is shown below. Figure 1 As shown. From the perspective of the technical system adopted, there are several main technical routes for direct satellite communication between mobile phones.

[0033] This solution, based on existing satellite communication systems such as Iridium, Globalstar, or Tiantong-1, allows users to customize new dual-mode mobile phones using existing satellite communication systems already in orbit. This solution is commonly known as "new phone, old satellite." Because it uses existing satellites, its advantage is rapid commercial deployment. However, its disadvantage is that the newly customized phone must integrate a dedicated satellite communication chip, leading to high costs and challenges such as miniaturization and built-in satellite antennas. Furthermore, limited by the capabilities of the existing satellites and the phone's built-in antenna, the communication speed is low, only providing rates in the kilobits per second range, thus only solving basic communication problems and serving as a transitional solution.

[0034] This solution, based on existing terrestrial mobile communication systems (such as 4G and 5G), enables existing mobile phones to directly connect to satellites. Users do not need to replace or modify their existing phones; instead, the satellite and network sides make modifications and enhancements. Modified 4G / 5G base stations are then deployed to address challenges in satellite communication scenarios such as deep fading, high latency, large frequency offset, and handover control. This can be considered a legitimate pseudo-base station solution. Terrestrial mobile communication and satellite mobile communication differ significantly (see Table 1). The wireless signal transmission and reception capabilities of existing mobile phones are designed for distances of hundreds to thousands of meters from terrestrial base stations. They struggle to cope with the significant signal loss over distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometers (e.g., Starlink low-Earth orbit satellites are around 500 km above the ground). Therefore, it is necessary to significantly enhance the capabilities of satellite-side network equipment, requiring the deployment of ultra-large-scale phased array antennas on the satellite to improve signal transmission and reception.

[0035] Table 1. Differences between terrestrial mobile communication and low-Earth orbit satellite mobile communication

[0036] The 5G NTN-based direct satellite communication solution involves system-level optimization and enhancement of synchronization issues, Doppler frequency offset, and wireless signal loss on both the mobile phone and satellite network sides, commonly known as "new mobile phone, new satellite." The advantage of this solution lies in achieving a systematic balance between system performance (user rate, satellite capacity) and complexity and cost between the mobile phone and satellite, making it a relatively superior option. Compared to existing mobile phone solutions, it offers a more favorable link budget and reduces the area of ​​the onboard phased array antenna. The new mobile phone is a single-mode phone that supports both 5G NTN and TN functions, primarily involving enhancements in physical layer timing and synchronization. Hardware costs remain largely unchanged, and market expansion is relatively easy. The disadvantage is the need for satellite mobile communication (MSS) frequency bands; or the requirement for innovative radio regulatory policies that allow satellite communication operators to reuse terrestrial mobile operator (MNO) frequency bands in areas without terrestrial base station coverage. The complexity of deploying new satellites to implement the 5G NTN standard is at a moderate level.

[0037] Based on factors such as mobile phone battery life, the current replacement cycle for mobile phones in the industry is approximately 3 years. Within this cycle, the construction and networking of 5G NTN satellites can be basically matured, allowing public users to directly use 5G NTN / TN mobile phone direct satellite services when replacing their phones. Furthermore, compared to Ka / Ku phased array flat-panel satellite terminals (i.e., "Star Cat"), 5G NTN / TN mobile communication modules have advantages such as lower cost, smaller size, and lighter weight, making them easier to widely apply in various industries, such as automobiles, low-altitude drones, and field robots. Currently, Ericsson, Thales, and Qualcomm have jointly announced their collaboration in developing a 5G NTN satellite system; Omnispace, along with companies like China Information and Communication Technologies Group (CICT), China Mobile, ZTE, and Unisoc, have also conducted R&D and on-orbit verification work on NTN-based mobile phone direct satellite services; and SpaceX is actively participating in 5G NTN standardization efforts. A comparison of these three mobile phone direct satellite communication technologies is shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2 Comparison of three mobile phone direct satellite communication technologies

[0039] The main challenges of direct satellite communication for mobile phones include frequency resources and interference, link budget and system capacity, user data rate and service experience, among which the scarcity of frequency resources is the core bottleneck.

[0040] The scarcity of frequency resources and interference management: Suitable frequency bands for satellite communication (such as L, S, and C bands, and parts of the Ku / Ka band) are limited natural resources. These bands need to simultaneously serve traditional satellite services (television broadcasting, fixed satellite services, meteorological satellites, scientific exploration, etc.), terrestrial mobile communications (4G / 5G / 6G), and emerging satellite internet constellations. Meanwhile, spectrum resources are allocated in coordination by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Due to the limitations of mobile phone form factor and power consumption, the frequency bands that mobile phones can use for direct satellite connections are limited to below 8 GHz, such as the L, S, and C bands. Allocating new, high-bandwidth dedicated global frequency bands for direct satellite connections to mobile phones is extremely difficult and time-consuming, requiring coordination of the interests of various countries and industries. Satellites offer wide coverage, but mobile phone antennas are small, have low gain, and poor directivity, making them highly susceptible to co-channel or adjacent-channel interference from the ground or other satellites, and more likely to interfere with others. Designing receivers that can operate reliably in complex interference environments and efficient interference coordination / avoidance mechanisms presents a significant challenge. Scarce spectrum resources directly limit the available communication bandwidth, and insufficient bandwidth is one of the fundamental physical factors restricting user data rates and system capacity.

[0041] Link budget and system capacity challenges arise from the long distances between satellites, especially geostationary earthbit (GEO) satellites at approximately 36,000 km, where signal attenuation increases with the square of the distance. While low earth orbit (LEO) satellites are closer (a few hundred kilometers), their high-speed movement causes significant Doppler shift, requiring frequent beam-to-beam and satellite-to-satellite switching, making communication link maintenance difficult. Mobile phones, due to their form factor, cannot be equipped with large, high-gain directional antennas, relying instead on omnidirectional or weakly directional antennas, resulting in weak received signal energy and limited transmit power, while also needing to consider battery and radiation safety. Establishing and maintaining satellite links consumes significantly more power than terrestrial cellular networks, posing a challenge to battery life. The transponder power, bandwidth, and processing capabilities of a single satellite are limited. To improve capacity, the satellite coverage area needs to be divided into numerous smaller spot beams for frequency, time, and spatial multiplexing. However, this requires complex beamforming technologies and powerful onboard processing capabilities. Even with powerful spot-beam technology, according to Shannon's theorem, the total available spectrum bandwidth directly determines the theoretical capacity limit of the entire satellite system. Scarce spectrum resources become a hard constraint that makes it difficult to increase system capacity.

[0042] Data rates and service experience challenges are limited by link budgets (weak signal) and available bandwidth (narrow spectrum). Currently, mainstream mobile phone direct-to-satellite services, such as Tiantong, Beidou short message service, Iridium, Globalstar, and Internet of Things (IoT), mainly provide short message services (SMS), emergency short messages, or extremely low-speed data transmission services (transmission rates from a few thousand bits per second to tens of kilobits per second). This is far from the speeds of terrestrial 4G / 5G, which are often tens of megabits per second to gigabits per second, resulting in a poor user experience. Achieving voice call functionality (such as Tiantong and some Iridium services) is already difficult, requiring relatively good link conditions and system resource allocation. Under current conditions, especially with existing available spectrum technology, providing video calls or high-speed internet access for ordinary mobile terminals is extremely difficult. The construction and maintenance of satellite networks are costly, and terminals also require special designs (such as additional antennas). These costs are ultimately passed on to users, resulting in service fees that are much higher than those of terrestrial cellular mobile networks, thus affecting the scale of service adoption and user experience.

[0043] Addressing the challenges of direct satellite connectivity for mobile phones is a complex undertaking requiring strategic and technological innovation. While frequency scarcity remains a core physical bottleneck, technological innovation, including spectrum sharing, beamforming, the use of lower-orbit LEO satellites (from 1,000 km to 500 km), satellite-ground integration, and the promotion of international standards and coordination, is gradually breaking through these limitations and moving towards the goal of providing wider coverage, higher capacity, lower latency, and a better user experience.

[0044] The core strategy to address frequency resource scarcity and interference involves employing more advanced modulation methods and channel coding techniques to improve spectral efficiency while maintaining the same bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. Within regulatory limits and through technological innovation, intelligent and dynamic spectrum sharing between satellite systems and terrestrial 5G / 6G systems in specific frequency bands can be achieved. On the satellite side, large phased array antennas are deployed to generate numerous high-gain, ultra-narrow, rapidly shaped, and movable spot beams. These spot beams can be precisely aimed at users, significantly improving signal strength while effectively suppressing co-channel interference through spatial isolation. On the terminal side, miniaturized multi-antenna (e.g., 4-8 elements) and primary beamforming capabilities are integrated into mobile phones to improve gain and suppress interference; however, this technology is challenging and currently a hot research area. At the receiver, technologies such as serial interference cancellation and AI-based interference identification and suppression are employed, dynamically allocating resources such as frequency, time slots, and power based on real-time channel status and interference maps.

[0045] Strategies to address link budget and system capacity challenges include increasing satellite transmit power to compensate for downlink losses; improving antenna gain and concentrating energy directionally; performing signal demodulation, decoding, switching, and re-encoding / modulation on the satellite to avoid noise and interference accumulation, improve link quality, and enable flexible routing and beam switching; dividing the satellite coverage area into hundreds or even thousands of independent smaller beams to achieve frequency and spatial multiplexing, which is the core of improving system capacity, but its multiplexing capability is still limited by the total available spectrum bandwidth; integrating more efficient satellite communication-specific antennas (such as improved omnidirectional antennas) at the terminal side; exploring the miniaturization of phased array antennas to achieve weak directionality and preliminary beam tracking capabilities; and increasing terminal transmit power by employing power balancing schemes, including dynamic power control, and improving power conversion efficiency to reduce power consumption.

[0046] Strategies to improve data rates and service experience: Higher spectral efficiency and wider effective bandwidth are the physical basis for increasing rates. By leveraging stronger link budgets, such as increasing satellite power and gain, and improving terminal antennas, higher-order modulation and more reliable transmission can be achieved within the available bandwidth. Simultaneously, optimizing routing and reducing latency enhances coverage and connection stability.

[0047] Spaceborne digital beamforming (DBF) ultra-large-scale phased array antennas are core components of mobile phone direct-to-satellite communication systems, directly determining satellite coverage, system capacity, and anti-interference performance.

[0048] Employing a fully digital architecture, each antenna element is independently equipped with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) / digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an RF chain, enabling precise beam-level control. Real-time processing is performed on-board using aerospace-grade field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or dedicated DBF chips to complete beamforming, interference cancellation, and other algorithms. Core deployment examples and technical parameters are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3 Core Deployment Cases and Technical Parameters

[0050] The core advantages of spaceborne DBF ultra-large-scale phased array antennas include: ultra-fine beam scanning, generating narrow beams and improving spectrum reuse; dynamic capacity allocation, adjusting beam shape and power in real time through DBF to concentrate capacity in high-demand areas; and anti-interference capability, generating adaptive nulls in the digital domain to suppress malicious interference or co-channel interference from neighboring satellites. The technical bottlenecks of spaceborne DBF ultra-large-scale phased array antennas include: power consumption and heat dissipation, such as a 1500-channel DBF antenna consuming 4 kW, accounting for 60% of the satellite's total power consumption; and computational complexity, as beam scheduling and real-time calibration require significant computing power, and the onboard processing chip needs to have radiation-resistant design. Cost and reliability are both factors to consider. A single-sided DBF antenna costs over 5 million yuan, and the space radiation environment increases the failure rate of the device.

[0051] Development Trends: Evolution Towards Ultra-Large-Scale Antennas. Spaceborne DBF (Digital Block Array) is a core component for direct satellite connection between mobile phones and satellites. Its development trend is towards tens of thousands of elements and terabyte-level capacity, but cost and power consumption remain the main bottlenecks. The development trend of spaceborne DBF ultra-large-scale phased array antennas is shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4 Development Trends of Spaceborne DBF Ultra-Large-Scale Phased Array Antennas

[0053] The key breakthrough technologies include innovations in both components and architecture. Regarding component innovation, the DBF implementation was changed from FPGA-based to using dedicated chips, and gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power transistors were fully adopted. Open-loop digital pre-distortion (DPD) was also added to improve efficiency and reduce power consumption. Regarding architecture innovation, spatial division and frequency division were used to reduce inter-beam interference, decouple the array, and reduce the complexity of the DBF.

[0054] The key technological breakthroughs of spaceborne DBF ultra-large-scale phased array antennas require overcoming the "three high" challenges: high density, high real-time performance, and high reliability. The following are the hierarchical technical solutions and core innovations. (1) Ultra-large-scale array architecture: The computational complexity of ultra-large-scale DBF is extremely high, and power consumption and real-time performance are incompatible. To solve this problem, array decoupling can be considered to reduce DBF complexity. (2) On-board real-time processing: Radiation-resistant computing engine Ultra-large-scale beam scheduling has extremely high requirements for computing power, requiring the development of radiation-resistant dedicated chips, and even the adoption of radiation-resistant AI accelerator architecture. (3) Low-cost mass production: A paradigm revolution in commercial aerospace Commercial aerospace needs to have low-cost mass production capabilities, specifically including: adopting a modular reconfigurable architecture, such as a 64-channel standard subarray; building a flexible production line, adopting automotive electronics-level manufacturing standards, which can reduce costs by 40%; enabling SoC to support on-board reprogramming, and functional iteration without launching new satellites; optimizing redundancy strategies, eliminating channel-level cold backup, and adopting a system-level backup method for overlapping areas of adjacent satellite beam coverage.

[0055] In direct satellite communication for mobile phones, the benefits, complexity, cost, and power consumption of onboard DBF ultra-large-scale phased array antennas constitute a mutually constraining "multi-dimensional balance model," requiring system-level multi-objective optimization. The core parameter correlation model is as follows: Figure 3 As shown below, the following is a quantitative analysis and optimization strategy for their intrinsic relationship.

[0056] Figure 3 The core driving factor for the benefits of the core parameter correlation model (measured by communication rate) can be expressed as: R∝N×f×η. Here, η represents spectral efficiency, f represents bandwidth, and N represents the number of channels. The number of channels and bandwidth are multiplier factors for improving communication rate, but their improvement is limited by power consumption and cost constraints. The positive and negative costs of the number of antenna channels are shown in Table 5.

[0057] Table 5 Positive and Negative Costs of the Number of Antenna Channels

[0058] Key indicators of structural complexity include element spacing density (measured by λ / 2@f) and thermal management hierarchy (i.e., the ratio of heat dissipation channels to area). Since thermal deformation can cause beam pointing deviation >0.2°, a 20% weight increase is required to strengthen the structure. The phased array antenna area (corresponding to the number of array elements) directly affects the throughput per beam, thus indirectly affecting network performance. Simultaneously, a larger phased array area leads to a rapid increase in power consumption and cost, necessitating multi-objective optimization based on specific mission requirements (such as coverage, resolution, real-time performance, etc.) and constraints (such as budget, technology maturity, and transmission capability). 5GNTN system optimization typically requires balancing single-satellite performance with constellation size, initial R&D costs with long-term operation and maintenance costs, and technological risks with system reliability. A comparison of system capabilities and overall satellite cost is provided below. Figure 4 As shown. Assume the low-Earth orbit satellite communication system operates in the 2 GHz band with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and an orbital altitude of 508 km.

[0059] Depend on Figure 4 It is known that using a large-area antenna with more array elements can provide a narrower beam or higher gain, thereby increasing the coverage area of ​​a single satellite and the throughput per beam. However, the increased antenna area significantly increases total power consumption, requiring larger solar panels and batteries, as well as a more complex heat dissipation system. This increases the cost of control circuitry and materials, and significantly increases manufacturing complexity. Simultaneously, it indirectly increases the satellite's mass and size, raising launch costs (in kilograms). Figure 4 The results show that the cost increase rate of extremely large-area antennas with more array elements is disproportionate to the performance gains. Compared to existing mobile phone direct-to-satellite solutions, 5G NTN link budgets are more advantageous, allowing for a moderate reduction in the area of ​​onboard phased array antennas. After multi-objective optimization, 14 m² and 25 m² are relatively suitable phased array areas for balancing system capability and overall satellite cost. Considering the contribution of new materials and technologies to cost and power consumption, combined with... Figure 3 The inflection point of the curve, 50 m2 is also the cost-effective phased array area for future evolution.

[0060] While satellites employing large-scale antennas (high array element count) are undoubtedly technologically advanced, the resulting "cost chain reaction" is equally staggering. Insisting on using a small number of "super satellites" for networking results in extremely high total system costs (R&D + manufacturing + launch + operation and maintenance) and risks. The key to solving this problem lies in shifting from a "single-satellite mindset" to a "systems mindset," that is, increasing the number of satellites to build a more optimized and resilient constellation system. "Increasing the number of satellites" is not simply about quantity over quality, but a precise system-level cost optimization and risk diversification strategy. It effectively complements and balances the large-area antenna approach, allowing for the reduction of individual satellite complexity and cost, achieving "economies of scale." Rather than building a single "large satellite" costing hundreds of millions and weighing several tons, it's better to build 10 lighter "small satellites" costing tens of millions each at the same cost. Standardized and modular satellite designs are more suitable for large-scale assembly line production, significantly reducing unit costs.

[0061] Currently, Starlink's tens of thousands of satellites in orbit bring a series of problems, including space congestion and debris. The construction of my country's 5G NTN satellite internet system cannot rely solely on increasing the number of satellites; it requires more precise system and cost optimization. By deploying a sufficient number of satellites with moderately large antenna areas (rather than extremely large areas), it is entirely possible to achieve or even exceed the total throughput of a constellation composed of a small number of "large satellites" at the system level. The key lies in optimizing the resource scheduling and load balancing of the entire network. A larger number of satellites can also enhance system resilience and flexibility, reducing systemic risks. In a constellation of thousands of satellites, the failure of a single satellite has a negligible impact on the overall service, and the system can quickly compensate through neighboring satellites. Finally, satellite networks can be deployed and upgraded incrementally. Large-scale constellations can be launched and deployed in batches, thus providing initial service more quickly while simultaneously upgrading technology during operation. Subsequent batches of satellites can incorporate the latest technologies to maintain the technological advancement of the entire system.

[0062] In conclusion, in satellite internet system design, "increasing the number of satellites" and "improving the performance of individual satellite antennas" are not opposing choices, but rather a balance that requires system optimization. When improvements in individual satellite performance (especially through increasing antenna area) reach an inflection point where cost marginal benefits decline sharply, shifting to increasing the number of satellites is a more sensible and economical technical path. It achieves the optimal solution in terms of total system cost, performance, reliability, and evolvability by transforming centralized complexity and cost into distributed scalability and resilience.

[0063] In the competition for satellite internet constellations, spaceborne flexible folding antennas represent a revolutionary technology. Their core advantage lies in resolving the fundamental contradiction between "large aperture" and "small transmission volume." The most direct and core advantage of spaceborne flexible folding antennas is their extremely high transmit-to-receive ratio. Compared to traditional rigid or metal antennas, flexible antennas utilize lightweight thin films and flexible composite materials, resulting in extremely low areal density (mass per unit area) and a minimal volume during transmission. This allows satellites to carry an antenna with a massive unfolded area (tens or even hundreds of square meters) while occupying only a small transmission space. Through its deployable nature, flexible folding antennas can achieve a much larger physical aperture than traditional phased array antennas, thus enabling narrower beams or higher gains. Simultaneously, the lightweight flexible antenna also allows for platform decoupling. Large rigid antennas place extremely high demands on the load-bearing capacity, rigidity, and structural design of satellite platforms. Lightweight flexible antennas, on the other hand, have less impact on the platform and can be integrated with more standardized and relatively simple satellite platforms. In the long run, flexible antennas are more suitable for large-scale automated production processes such as roll-to-roll, and have enormous potential for cost reduction. Spaceborne flexible folding antennas cleverly utilize the characteristics of "flexibility" and "deployability" to combine high-performance antenna capabilities with cost-effective launch and deployment. This perfectly supports the strategy of building a powerful constellation system by "increasing the number of satellites," and is one of the core engines driving satellite internet towards higher performance and lower costs.

[0064] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna as described above.

[0065] This invention discloses a method, system, and medium for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. The system utilizes a 5G NTN architecture to construct the direct satellite communication system, which includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a mobile phone terminal, and a satellite-to-ground cooperative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams using DBF technology, covering the mobile phone terminal within the beam coverage area. The mobile phone terminal and the satellite-to-ground cooperative control network are synchronously calibrated. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-to-ground cooperative control network, and frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The multiple point beams are then adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. The process involves: measuring the frequency shift; fitting the movable point beam to the terminal mobile phone to obtain a primary waveform; performing noise suppression and signal gain on the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform; constructing a multi-dimensional constraint model; optimizing the optimized waveform based on the multi-dimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result; adjusting the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on the optimization result to achieve direct voice, SMS, or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite; and using space-ground coordinated control, combined with precise frequency shift measurement by the terminal mobile phone, to perform dynamic real-time compensation, effectively offsetting the frequency drift caused by the high-speed movement of low-orbit satellites and ensuring the stability of the space-ground communication link.

[0066] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0067] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0068] In addition, in the various embodiments of the present invention, each functional unit can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0070] Alternatively, if the integrated units of the present invention are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna, characterized in that, include: A mobile phone direct satellite communication system is constructed using the 5GNTN architecture. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover mobile phones within the coverage area. The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Based on the mobile phone terminal, the movable point beam is fitted to obtain the primary waveform. The primary waveform is then subjected to noise suppression and signal gain to obtain the optimized waveform. A multidimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multidimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

2. The method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular and reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64 standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

3. The method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable dot beams based on DBF technology. The movable dot beams cover mobile terminals within the coverage area, specifically including: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

4. The method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network, the Doppler frequency shift is analyzed, frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Specifically, this includes: Real-time satellite coordinates are calculated iteratively based on ephemeris data; The location information of the terminal mobile phone is collected, and the location information of the terminal mobile phone is analyzed with the real-time satellite coordinates to obtain the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is compared with a set standard frequency shift threshold to obtain the frequency shift difference. Frequency shift compensation information is generated based on the frequency shift difference, and the Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency shift compensation information.

5. The method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the mobile phone terminal, a movable point beam is fitted to obtain a primary waveform. Noise suppression and signal gain are then applied to the primary waveform to obtain an optimized waveform, specifically including: Collect discrete point beam signals, extract signal features, and extract the core parameters of the point beam, including amplitude, phase, and frequency. A fitting algorithm adapted to the characteristics of the satellite-to-ground link is used to fit the discrete point beam signal, eliminating signal discreteness and obtaining the primary waveform. Based on the primary beamforming capability of the miniaturized multi-antenna array in the terminal, signal gain processing is performed on the primary waveform after noise suppression. The primary waveform after gain processing is subjected to noise suppression to obtain the optimized waveform.

6. The method for direct satellite communication between a mobile phone and a satellite based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, A multi-dimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multi-dimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted, specifically including: Define the objective function and multidimensional constraints of the multidimensional constraint model; The core parameters of the optimized waveform are input into a multi-dimensional constraint model. A system-level multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the waveform by combining the objective function and constraint conditions of the constraint model, and the optimization result is obtained. The optimization results are compared and analyzed with the multidimensional constraints, and adjustments are made until the multidimensional constraints are met.

7. A mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor. The memory contains a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by the processor, it performs the following steps: A mobile phone direct satellite communication system is constructed using the 5GNTN architecture. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system includes a spaceborne phased array antenna, a terminal mobile phone and a satellite-ground collaborative control network. The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable point beams based on DBF technology, and the movable point beams cover mobile phones within the coverage area. The terminal mobile phone is synchronously calibrated with the satellite-ground cooperative control network. The Doppler frequency shift is analyzed based on the satellite-ground cooperative control network. Frequency offset compensation information is generated based on the Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler frequency shift is adjusted according to the frequency offset compensation information. Based on the mobile phone terminal, the movable point beam is fitted to obtain the primary waveform. The primary waveform is then subjected to noise suppression and signal gain to obtain the optimized waveform. A multidimensional constraint model is constructed, and the optimization waveform is optimized based on the multidimensional constraint model to obtain the optimization result. Based on the optimization result, the array information of the spaceborne phased array antenna is adjusted to realize direct voice, SMS or data communication between the terminal mobile phone and the satellite.

8. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The spaceborne phased array antenna adopts a modular and reconfigurable architecture, which is composed of 64 standard subarrays. The spaceborne phased array antenna uses gallium nitride (GaN) or indium phosphide (InP) power devices and integrates an open-loop digital predistortion (DPD) module to reduce antenna power consumption and improve signal transmission efficiency and linearity.

9. The mobile phone direct satellite communication system based on a spaceborne phased array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The spaceborne phased array antenna generates multiple movable dot beams based on DBF technology. The movable dot beams cover mobile terminals within the coverage area, specifically including: Independent amplitude and phase weighted control is performed on each element of the spaceborne phased array antenna based on digital beamforming (DBF) technology. Multiple movable point beams are generated in real time based on signal superposition and phase modulation. Obtain the location information of the terminal mobile phone and the beam coverage information of the movable point, compare the location information of the terminal mobile phone with the beam coverage area information of the movable point, and obtain the coverage difference information; The pointing angle of each movable point beam is adjusted based on coverage difference information.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a program for a mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna. When the program for the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the mobile phone direct satellite communication method based on a spaceborne phased array antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images