A corn dense planting high yield water and fertilizer intelligent sensing and precise regulation system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of corn dense planting high yield water and fertilizer intelligent perception and accurate regulation system and method;Controller is connected with multiplex data collector, multiplex data collector is connected with water and fertilizer integration sensing array distributed in field, weather data acquisition module and crop growth monitoring module connected with controller are arranged on the upper portion of control cabinet, a plurality of liquid fertilizer containing cylinders are arranged in the control cabinet, the bottom of each liquid fertilizer containing cylinder is communicated with liquid fertilizer pump by pipeline with liquid fertilizer flow control solenoid valve, and liquid fertilizer pump is communicated with water and fertilizer mixing pipe installed on irrigation main pipeline by one-way valve;The limitation of traditional single point, single element monitoring is solved, and comprehensive and reliable data basis is provided for accurate decision-making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation technology, specifically to an intelligent sensing and precise control system and method for water and fertilizer management in densely planted, high-yield maize production. Background Technology

[0002] As a core staple food crop and high-quality feed ingredient in my country, corn ranks first among grain crops in terms of both planting area and total output. Its production status directly impacts national food security and farmers' income. In recent years, due to rigid constraints on arable land resources, expanding planting area to increase yield has become impractical. Relying on technological innovation to improve yield per unit area has become the fundamental way to ensure corn self-sufficiency. Against this backdrop, high-density planting technology for corn has become one of the core directions for the high-quality development of the corn industry because it can effectively tap into yield potential. However, under high-density planting cultivation, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of water and fertilizer requirements among corn plants is significantly enhanced, making traditional water and fertilizer management methods insufficient to meet the refined needs of high-density, high-yield planting. While integrated water and fertilizer technology has improved resource utilization efficiency to some extent...

[0003] However, existing technologies still have some problems, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the accuracy of water and fertilizer sensing is insufficient, making it difficult to match the needs of densely planted populations. Traditional water and fertilizer monitoring relies mainly on single-point soil moisture sensors, nutrient analyzers, and other equipment, which have limited monitoring range and low spatiotemporal resolution, making it impossible to accurately capture the dynamic changes of water and fertilizer in different areas and soil layers within densely planted maize populations. Second, the level of intelligence and precision is low. Under dense planting cultivation, different varieties, densities, and growth stages of maize have significantly different water and fertilizer requirements, and traditional control methods are prone to water and fertilizer waste or insufficient supply. Existing control systems are mostly extensive management based on time and quantity, lacking the ability to make dynamic intelligent decisions based on real-time monitoring data, and cannot adjust water and fertilizer supply strategies in a timely manner according to changes in field water and fertilizer and plant growth status. Third, the adaptability of integrated water and fertilizer systems is poor, making it difficult to meet the needs of dense planting cultivation. Existing integrated water and fertilizer systems are mostly designed for conventional planting densities, and under dense planting conditions, there are problems such as unreasonable pipeline layout and uneven distribution of water and fertilizer. Meanwhile, existing systems lack sufficient precision in water and fertilizer mixing and delivery, making it difficult to achieve precise water and fertilizer supply in small areas and failing to meet the differentiated needs of different plants within densely planted communities. Furthermore, current technologies lack multi-source data fusion and collaborative control mechanisms, failing to achieve data sharing and collaborative linkage with systems such as meteorological monitoring, crop growth monitoring, and agricultural machinery operations. This results in insufficient timeliness and precision in water and fertilizer regulation.

[0004] Therefore, providing a water and fertilizer sensing intelligent sensing and precise control system and method for high-yield high-density maize planting, with high water and fertilizer sensing accuracy, high intelligence and precision, strong adaptability to integrated water and fertilizer systems, and integrated coordination of diversified data, is the key to breaking through the bottleneck of high yield in high-density maize planting, realizing efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources and sustainable development of the maize industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a highly intelligent, comprehensive, and precise water and fertilizer sensing and control system and method for high-yield, densely planted maize irrigation and fertilization, characterized by high intelligence, comprehensive data acquisition, high water and fertilizer sensing accuracy, high degree of intelligence and precision, strong adaptability to integrated water and fertilizer systems, coordination of diversified data, and simple and easy-to-operate operation. This system overcomes the deficiencies in existing technologies.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A corn dense planting and high-yield water and fertilizer intelligent sensing and precise control system includes a control cabinet equipped with a controller. The controller is connected to a multi-channel data acquisition unit, which is connected to a water and fertilizer integrated sensing array distributed in the field. The upper part of the control cabinet is equipped with a meteorological data acquisition module and a crop growth monitoring module connected to the controller. Several liquid fertilizer containers are installed inside the control cabinet. The bottom of each liquid fertilizer container is connected to a liquid fertilizer pump through a pipe with a liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve. The liquid fertilizer pump is connected to a water and fertilizer mixing pipe installed on the main irrigation pipeline through a one-way valve. A water pump and a liquid flow sensor connected to the controller are installed on both sides of the water and fertilizer mixing pipe. The end of the main irrigation pipeline is connected to a branch drip irrigation pipeline through several branch solenoid valves.

[0007] Furthermore, the integrated water and fertilizer sensing array is composed of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes. A snap-fit ​​sleeve is equidistantly fitted on the upper part of the branch drip irrigation pipe. A support rod is fixedly installed on one side of the snap-fit ​​sleeve. A fixing seat is fixedly installed on the outer end of the support rod. A through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat, and the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe is inserted into the through hole.

[0008] Furthermore, a support rod is installed on the outside of the control cabinet. The meteorological data acquisition module is a meteorological acquisition probe installed on the support rod, and the crop growth monitoring module is a crop growth detection camera installed on the support rod. A network transceiver is installed inside the control cabinet, and a transceiver antenna is installed on the support rod.

[0009] Furthermore, a support is provided in the middle of the control cabinet, and the liquid fertilizer container is installed on the upper part of the support. A solenoid valve distribution controller connected to the controller is provided below the support. The solenoid valve distribution controller is connected to the liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve and the branch solenoid valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the control cabinet has a door on the front side, and a display connected to the controller is installed on the door.

[0011] Optionally, the integrated water and fertilizer sensing array is composed of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes. The upper part of two adjacent branch drip irrigation pipes is fitted with snap-fit ​​sleeves at equal intervals. A support rod is fixedly installed between the two snap-fit ​​sleeves. A fixing seat is provided in the middle of the support rod. A through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat. The integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe is inserted into the through hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the integrated water and fertilizer sensing array consists of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes arranged in rows and columns in the field. Each row of integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes is divided into an independent sensing area. The number and spacing of each sensing area are adapted to the actual area of ​​the farmland.

[0013] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​sleeve is a sleeve whose inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the branch drip irrigation pipe, and the bottom of the snap-fit ​​sleeve has an open structure.

[0014] A precise control method for a high-yield, densely planted maize intelligent water and fertilizer sensing and precise control system includes the following steps: S1, Enter the corn variety, planting density, target yield, basic soil parameters and water and fertilizer demand thresholds for each growth stage into the controller; S2 collects real-time data on soil moisture and nutrients in the field through an integrated water and fertilizer sensor array, collects data on temperature, humidity, light and rainfall through a meteorological data acquisition module, and collects data on corn plant height, leaf area and canopy coverage through a crop growth monitoring module. The collected data is then transmitted to the controller. S3, the controller compares the collected data with the preset threshold, and combines it with the corn growth period model to calculate the current plot's water requirement, fertilizer type and amount, and generate a precise water and fertilizer regulation plan; S4, the controller starts the water pump and liquid fertilizer pump according to the control scheme, and adjusts the output of liquid fertilizer in each liquid fertilizer container through the liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve. After the water and fertilizer are mixed through the water and fertilizer mixing pipe, the branch solenoid valve controls the opening of the branch drip irrigation pipe in the corresponding area to achieve zoned precise drip irrigation. S5, during the water and fertilizer delivery process, monitors the water and fertilizer flow in real time through a liquid flow sensor, and feeds back soil water and fertilizer changes to each independent sensing area through an integrated water and fertilizer sensing array. The controller adjusts the operating parameters of the water pump, liquid fertilizer pump, liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve and branch solenoid valve in real time based on the feedback data. The S6 controller stores the collected data, control parameters, and crop growth feedback data for each water and fertilizer regulation, and uploads them to the cloud platform via a network transceiver to achieve model iterative optimization.

[0015] The present invention has the following positive effects: 1. This invention achieves comprehensive and high-precision sensing of water, fertilizer, and growth status. The system integrates a water and fertilizer integrated sensing array, a meteorological data acquisition module, and a crop growth monitoring module, enabling real-time and synchronous collection of multi-dimensional data such as soil moisture, nutrients, air temperature and humidity, light intensity, rainfall, and corn plant height and leaf area. This overcomes the limitations of traditional single-point, single-element monitoring, providing a comprehensive and reliable data foundation for precise decision-making.

[0016] 2. This invention arranges the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes in rows and columns and divides them into independent sensing areas, thereby realizing refined grid-based monitoring of the water and fertilizer status of densely planted corn fields. It can accurately capture the dynamic changes of different areas and soil layers within the population and effectively match the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water and fertilizer requirements under dense planting mode.

[0017] 3. This invention achieves intelligent dynamic decision-making and closed-loop precise control. The controller compares and analyzes real-time collected multi-source data with preset information such as corn variety, growth stage model, and target yield to dynamically calculate and generate a precise water and fertilizer control scheme that matches the current crop growth stage and actual environmental needs. By controlling different branch drip irrigation pipelines through branch solenoid valves, independent start / stop and fertilizer application control can be implemented for different sensing zones, achieving zoned precise drip irrigation. Simultaneously, during execution, liquid flow sensors and integrated water and fertilizer sensing arrays provide real-time feedback on water and fertilizer delivery flow and soil response data. Based on this, the controller dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of water pumps, liquid fertilizer pumps, and various solenoid valves to ensure accurate water and fertilizer supply.

[0018] 4. This invention integrates core components such as the controller, data acquisition unit, liquid fertilizer storage tank, pump valve, and irrigation pipeline into a control cabinet and field network, and centrally manages them through a distributed solenoid valve controller. The structure is compact, highly reliable, and easy to install and maintain. A combination of snap-fit ​​sleeves and support rods is designed for easy and secure installation of the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe above or between drip irrigation pipelines. This flexible layout does not interfere with field operations and is suitable for the complex environment of dense planting. Using a liquid fertilizer container with an independent liquid fertilizer flow control solenoid valve, and mixing via a liquid fertilizer pump and water-fertilizer mixing pipe, precise proportioning and uniform mixing of various fertilizer solutions can be achieved, meeting the differentiated nutrient requirements of corn at different growth stages for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0019] This patent provides a set of intelligent sensing and precise control systems and methods for water and fertilizer management in high-density, high-yield maize cultivation, encompassing precise sensing, intelligent decision-making, variable execution, and closed-loop optimization. It effectively solves the core problems of extensive water and fertilizer management, low resource utilization efficiency, and insufficient intelligence in high-yield, high-density maize cultivation. It is of great significance for increasing maize yield per unit area, ensuring food security, and promoting the efficient use of agricultural water resources and fertilizers, and has promising prospects for industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the control cabinet of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the control cabinet of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated water and fertilizer sensing array structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​sleeve structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the following description of the invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. The term "connection" simply indicates a connection between devices and has no special meaning.

[0028] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, a high-yield, densely planted maize intelligent water and fertilizer sensing and precise control system includes a control cabinet 1 equipped with a controller 14. The controller 14 is connected to a multi-channel data acquisition unit 16, which is connected to an integrated water and fertilizer sensing array distributed in the field. The upper part of the control cabinet 1 is equipped with a meteorological data acquisition module and a crop growth monitoring module connected to the controller 14. The control cabinet 1 contains several liquid fertilizer containers 17. The bottom of each liquid fertilizer container 17 is connected to a liquid fertilizer pump 21 through a pipe equipped with a liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve 18. The liquid fertilizer pump 21 is connected to a water and fertilizer mixing pipe 23 installed on the main irrigation pipeline 4 through a one-way valve 22. A water pump 24 and a liquid flow sensor 25 connected to the controller 14 are installed on both sides of the water and fertilizer mixing pipe 23. The end of the main irrigation pipeline 4 is connected to a branch drip irrigation pipeline 26 through several branch solenoid valves 9.

[0029] The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array consists of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes 13. A snap-fit ​​sleeve 10 is equidistantly fitted onto the upper part of each branch drip irrigation pipe 26. A support rod 11 is fixedly installed on one side of each snap-fit ​​sleeve 10, and a fixing seat 12 is fixedly installed on the outer end of each support rod 11. A through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat 12, and the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe 13 is inserted into this through hole. The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array consists of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes 13. Snap-fit ​​sleeves 10 are equidistantly fitted onto the upper part of each adjacent branch drip irrigation pipe 26. A support rod 11 is fixedly installed between two snap-fit ​​sleeves 10. A fixing seat 12 is provided in the middle of each support rod 11, and a through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat 12, and the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe 13 is inserted into this through hole. The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array consists of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes 13 arranged in rows and columns in the field. Each row of integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes 13 is divided into an independent sensing area. The number and spacing of each sensing area are adapted to the actual area of ​​the farmland.

[0030] A support rod 3 is installed on the outside of the control cabinet 1. The meteorological data acquisition module is a meteorological acquisition probe 6 installed on the support rod 3. The crop growth monitoring module is a crop growth detection camera 7 installed on the support rod 3. A network transceiver 15 is installed inside the control cabinet 1, and a transceiver antenna 8 is installed on the support rod 3. A bracket 20 is set in the middle of the control cabinet 1. A liquid fertilizer container 17 is installed on the upper part of the bracket 20. A solenoid valve distribution controller 19 connected to the controller 14 is set below the bracket 20. The solenoid valve distribution controller 19 is connected to the liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve 18 and the branch solenoid valve 9. A cabinet door 2 is set on the front of the control cabinet 1. A display 5 connected to the controller 14 is installed on the cabinet door 2. The snap-fit ​​sleeve 10 is a sleeve whose inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the branch drip irrigation pipe 26. The bottom of the snap-fit ​​sleeve 10 has an open structure.

[0031] In actual operation, the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes 13 are arranged in rows and columns in the field to form an integrated water and fertilizer sensing array. These probes are connected to a multi-channel data acquisition unit 16, which in turn connects to the controller 14 to collect soil moisture and nutrient data. A meteorological acquisition probe 6 is installed on the support rod 3 outside the control cabinet 1 as a meteorological data acquisition module, used to collect environmental data such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and rainfall, and connected to the controller 14. A crop growth detection camera 7 is installed on the same support rod 3 as a crop growth monitoring module, used to collect visual data such as corn plant height, leaf area, and canopy coverage, and connected to the controller 14.

[0032] The control cabinet 1 contains one or more liquid fertilizer containers 17 for storing different types of liquid fertilizer. Each liquid fertilizer container 17 has a liquid fertilizer flow control solenoid valve 18 connected to its bottom via a pipe for precisely controlling the output of that type of fertilizer solution. All fertilizer solutions are piped to a liquid fertilizer pump 21, and after passing through a check valve 22, are injected into the water-fertilizer mixing pipe 23 on the main irrigation pipe 4. A water pump 24 is installed on one side of the water-fertilizer mixing pipe 23 to supply water, and a liquid flow sensor 25 is installed on the other side to monitor the total flow rate of the mixed water and fertilizer in real time. Both are connected to the controller 14.

[0033] The end of the main irrigation pipe 4 is connected to branch drip irrigation pipes 26 laid in the field via multiple branch solenoid valves 9. A display 5 is installed on the door 2 of the control cabinet 1 to display data and set parameters. A network transceiver 15 is installed inside the control cabinet 1, which, together with the transceiver antenna 8 on the support rod 3, constitutes a remote communication module for data uploading and remote command reception.

[0034] On each branch drip irrigation pipe 26, a snap-fit ​​sleeve 10 is installed at equal intervals. The inner diameter of the snap-fit ​​sleeve 10 matches the outer diameter of the branch drip irrigation pipe 26, and the bottom is open for easy clamping. Two installation schemes are adopted: Scheme 1 is single-pipe support, in which a support rod 11 is fixedly installed on one side of each snap-fit ​​sleeve 10, and a fixing seat 12 with a through hole is fixed to the outer end of the support rod 11, into which the water and fertilizer integrated sensor probe 13 is inserted and fixed. Scheme 2 is double-pipe bridging, in which a support rod 11 is fixedly installed between the corresponding snap-fit ​​sleeves 10 on two adjacent branch drip irrigation pipes 26, and a fixing seat 12 is set in the middle of the support rod 11 for installing the sensor probe. All sensor probes are divided into multiple independent sensing areas, for example, each horizontal row is one area, namely sensor area A, B, C..., and so on. The number and spacing can be adjusted according to the farmland area.

[0035] Before system startup, operators input preset parameters into controller 14 via display 5, including: corn variety, planting density, target yield, basic soil parameters, and water and fertilizer requirement thresholds for different growth stages based on agronomic knowledge. Then, data is collected synchronously through three modules: the integrated water and fertilizer sensing array continuously collects soil moisture and nutrient content data (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) in various sensing zones of the field; the meteorological data acquisition module collects real-time temperature, humidity, light intensity, and rainfall data; and the crop growth monitoring module obtains growth indicators such as corn plant height and leaf area index through image analysis. All collected data is then aggregated and transmitted to controller 14 in real time.

[0036] The controller 14 compares and analyzes the received real-time data with preset water and fertilizer demand thresholds for each growth stage. Simultaneously, it combines the built-in maize growth stage model to comprehensively calculate the actual water requirement, fertilizer type, and precise application rate of the crop in the current plot. Ultimately, it generates a precise water and fertilizer control plan that includes irrigation volume, fertilizer ratio, and execution area.

[0037] According to the generated plan, the controller 14 issues an execution command and starts the water pump 24 to supply irrigation water. The liquid fertilizer pump 21 is started as needed, and the opening degree of each liquid fertilizer flow control solenoid valve 18 is precisely adjusted through the solenoid valve distribution controller 19 to control the proportional output of fertilizer solution from different liquid fertilizer containers 17. The fertilizer solution and irrigation water are fully mixed in the water-fertilizer mixing pipe 23. Based on the sensor zones A, B, C… specified in the plan, the controller 14 controls the corresponding branch solenoid valves 9 to open, delivering the uniformly mixed water-fertilizer solution through the corresponding branch drip irrigation pipes 26 to specific field areas, achieving zoned variable precision drip irrigation.

[0038] During execution, the system performs real-time monitoring and closed-loop regulation. Liquid flow sensor 25 monitors the total flow rate of the water-fertilizer mixing pipe in real time to ensure consistency with commands. The integrated water-fertilizer sensor array continuously monitors soil water and fertilizer changes after irrigation and feeds the data back to controller 14. Based on this real-time feedback data, controller 14 dynamically fine-tunes the speed of water pump 24, the power of liquid fertilizer pump 21, the opening degree of each liquid fertilizer flow control solenoid valve 18, and the on / off state of each branch solenoid valve 9 to ensure that water and fertilizer supply reaches the predetermined target, achieving closed-loop control. After each complete water and fertilizer regulation process, controller 14 locally stores all collected data, regulation command parameters, and subsequent crop growth feedback data. Simultaneously, this data is uploaded to the cloud platform via network transceiver 15 and transceiver antenna 8. Through long-term data accumulation, it can be used to optimize the maize growth stage model and water and fertilizer decision-making algorithm, achieving continuous iteration and improvement of the system's decision-making capabilities.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn dense planting high-yield water and fertilizer intelligent sensing and precise control system, comprising a control cabinet (1) equipped with a controller (14), characterized in that: The controller (14) is connected to the multi-channel data acquisition unit (16), which is connected to the water and fertilizer integrated sensing array distributed in the field. The upper part of the control cabinet (1) is equipped with a meteorological data acquisition module and a crop growth monitoring module connected to the controller (14). The control cabinet (1) is equipped with several liquid fertilizer containers (17). The bottom of each liquid fertilizer container (17) is connected to the liquid fertilizer pump (21) through a pipe with a liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve (18). The liquid fertilizer pump (21) is connected to the water and fertilizer mixing pipe (23) installed on the main irrigation pipeline (4) through a one-way valve (22). The water and fertilizer mixing pipe (23) is equipped with a water pump (24) and a liquid flow sensor (25) connected to the controller (14) on both sides. The end of the main irrigation pipeline (4) is connected to the branch drip irrigation pipeline (26) through several branch solenoid valves (9).

2. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density corn planting and high-yield cultivation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array is composed of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes (13). A snap-fit ​​sleeve (10) is equidistantly fitted on the upper part of the branch drip irrigation pipe (26). A support rod (11) is fixedly installed on one side of the snap-fit ​​sleeve (10). A fixing seat (12) is fixedly installed on the outer end of the support rod (11). A through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat (12), and the integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe (13) is inserted into the through hole.

3. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density maize planting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control cabinet (1) is equipped with a support rod (3) on the outside. The meteorological data acquisition module is a meteorological acquisition probe (6) installed on the support rod (3). The crop growth monitoring module is a crop growth detection camera (7) installed on the support rod (3). The control cabinet (1) is equipped with a network transceiver (15). The support rod (3) is equipped with a transceiver antenna (8).

4. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density corn planting and high-yield cultivation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control cabinet (1) is provided with a bracket (20) in the middle. The liquid fertilizer container (17) is installed on the upper part of the bracket (20). The bracket (20) is provided with a solenoid valve distribution controller (19) connected to the controller (14) below the bracket. The solenoid valve distribution controller (19) is connected to the liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve (18) and the branch solenoid valve (9).

5. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density corn planting and high-yield cultivation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control cabinet (1) has a cabinet door (2) on the front side, and a display (5) connected to the controller (14) is installed on the cabinet door (2).

6. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density maize planting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array is composed of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes (13). The upper part of the two adjacent branch drip irrigation pipes (26) is fitted with snap-fit ​​sleeves (10) at equal intervals. A support rod (11) is fixedly installed between the two snap-fit ​​sleeves (10). A fixing seat (12) is provided in the middle of the support rod (11). A through hole is provided in the center of the fixing seat (12). The integrated water and fertilizer sensing probe (13) is inserted into the through hole.

7. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density corn planting and high-yield cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated water and fertilizer sensing array consists of several integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes (13) arranged in rows and columns in the field. Each row of integrated water and fertilizer sensing probes (13) is divided into an independent sensing area. The number and spacing of each sensing area are adapted to the actual area of ​​the farmland.

8. The intelligent sensing and precise control system for water and fertilizer management in high-density corn planting and high-yield cultivation, as described in claim 2 or 6, is characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​sleeve (10) is a sleeve whose inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the branch drip irrigation pipe (26), and the bottom of the snap-fit ​​sleeve (10) has an open structure.

9. A precise control method for a high-yield, densely planted maize intelligent water and fertilizer sensing and precise control system, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1, Enter the corn variety, planting density, target yield, basic soil parameters and water and fertilizer demand thresholds for each growth stage in the controller (14); S2 collects real-time data on soil moisture and nutrients in the field through the integrated water and fertilizer sensor array, collects data on temperature, humidity, light and rainfall through the meteorological data acquisition module, and collects data on corn plant height, leaf area and canopy coverage through the crop growth monitoring module. After data collection, the data is transmitted to the controller (14). S3, the controller (14) compares the collected data with the preset threshold, and calculates the water demand, fertilizer type and amount required for the current plot by combining the corn growth period model, and generates a precise water and fertilizer regulation plan. S4, the controller (14) controls the water pump (24) and liquid fertilizer pump (21) to start according to the control scheme, and adjusts the output of each liquid fertilizer container (17) through the liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve (18). After the water and fertilizer are mixed through the water and fertilizer mixing pipe (23), the corresponding branch drip irrigation pipe (26) is opened through the branch solenoid valve (9) to realize zoned precise drip irrigation. S5. During the water and fertilizer transportation process, the water and fertilizer flow rate is monitored in real time by the liquid flow sensor (25). The water and fertilizer integrated sensing array provides feedback on the soil water and fertilizer changes in each independent sensing area. The controller (14) adjusts the operating parameters of the water pump (24), liquid fertilizer pump (21), liquid fertilizer flow measurement and control solenoid valve (18) and branch solenoid valve (9) in real time according to the feedback data. S6, the controller (14) stores the collected data, control parameters and crop growth feedback data of each water and fertilizer regulation, and uploads them to the cloud platform through the network transceiver (15) to realize model iterative optimization.

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