A method for preventing and treating millet white hair disease
By combining the application of compound fungicides with high-temperature sterilization in the planting area, an isolation layer is formed, which solves the problem of unstable control effect of seed coating and achieves radical control of soil pathogens, significantly reducing the incidence of white spots in millet and yield loss.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GRAIN RES INST HEBEI ACAD OF AGRI & FORESTRY SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, seed coating is not effective in controlling millet white spot disease. It cannot effectively kill pathogens in the soil, leading to frequent disease outbreaks. Furthermore, after the disease occurs, the fungicide sprayed is difficult to penetrate into the plant, resulting in poor control.
By spraying compound fungicides in the planting area, combined with high-temperature sterilization, using quicklime to form an isolation layer, and controlling the time of fungicide spraying, a synergistic prevention and control method is formed. This includes spraying fungicides in January and February-March, high-temperature sterilization in February-March, forming an isolation layer before sowing, and spraying fungicides after the millet has grown to the 7-leaf stage.
It significantly reduces the incidence of white spot disease in millet, reduces yield loss, kills pathogens in the soil, improves the adhesion and persistence of the pesticide on the soil surface, breaks the dormancy of oospores, cuts off the infection pathway of pathogens, and achieves radical control.
Smart Images
Figure CN122139610A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of millet cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for preventing and controlling white spot disease in millet. Background Technology
[0002] White spot disease of millet is a systemic fungal disease caused by *Dendrobium graminearum*. It is a common and important seed-borne disease of millet, with a general disease incidence of 1-10%, which can reach 30% in severe cases and even more than 50% in fields with continuous cropping. This disease is an important disease in spring millet areas. At the end of the last century, it was introduced to summer millet areas and has now become an important disease that occurs widely in millet producing areas across the country.
[0003] Currently, my country's annual millet planting area is about 12 million mu. Every year, 18 tons of metalaxyl are needed to control white spot disease through seed coating. It is the disease with the largest amount of pesticide used in millet. Moreover, the control effect of coating is unstable due to various factors, which seriously restricts the healthy development of the millet industry.
[0004] Furthermore, the oospores produced by diseased white spots can easily fall into the field, contaminating the soil. The millet planted the following year is highly susceptible to white spots under suitable conditions. Seed coating can only kill pathogens on the seed surface and has no significant inhibitory effect on overwintering oospores in the soil. Pathogens that fall into the soil are one of the main sources of infection for millet white spots, resulting in poor control of white spots by seed coating. As for field application, growers usually spray fungicides after the disease has occurred. By this time, the pathogens have already completed systemic infection of the plant, making it difficult for the pesticide to penetrate into the plant and exert its effect. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease. By controlling the timing of compound fungicide application and combining it with high-temperature sterilization, a synergistic prevention and control method is formed. This method has significant efficacy and strong eradication, which can eliminate pathogens in the soil from the source, greatly reduce the incidence of millet whitening disease, and significantly reduce yield loss.
[0006] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:
[0007] A method for preventing and controlling whitening of millet includes the following steps:
[0008] S1. Spray fungicide in the planting area in January;
[0009] S2. Spray fungicide again on the planting area in February and March;
[0010] S3. 10-15 days before millet sowing, the planting area should be sterilized at high temperature;
[0011] S4. During the sowing period, millet is sown in the planting area;
[0012] S5. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, spray the leaves with a fungicide.
[0013] The bactericide, by weight, comprises 15-30 parts of metalaxyl, 100-150 parts of millet ash, and 5-10 parts of millet volatiles.
[0014] The volatile matter from the millet, by mass percentage, includes 20-30% 2-ethylhexanol, 50-70% nonanal, and 3-5% dispersant.
[0015] The specific steps of high-temperature sterilization in step S3 are as follows:
[0016] S301. 10-15 days before sowing millet, maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 18-20℃ for 3-5 days.
[0017] S302. Then, dig strip-shaped trenches in the planting area, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0018] S303. On a sunny noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime. Then cover the area with mulch.
[0019] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0020] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing.
[0021] The isolation layer has a U-shaped cross-section, and the soil above the isolation layer is the soil of the planting area.
[0022] When the millet grows to the 4-5 leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, then spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0023] In steps S1 and S2, the fungicide is diluted 500-1000 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area. The amount of diluted fungicide applied is 40-60 L / acre.
[0024] The fungicide described in step S5 is diluted 1000-1500 times and then sprayed onto the leaves of millet in the planting area. The amount of diluted fungicide to be sprayed is 30-50 L / mu.
[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0026] 1. This invention combines the controlled application time of compound fungicides with high-temperature sterilization to form a synergistic control method. This method is highly effective and eradicates pathogens in the soil, significantly reducing the incidence of millet white spot disease and substantially reducing millet yield loss.
[0027] 2. The millet ash in the fungicide can not only improve the permeability and fertilizer retention of the soil surface, but also form a synergistic effect with metalaxyl to enhance the adhesion and persistence of the fungicide on the soil surface and prevent the fungicide from being lost due to rainwater and soil leaching.
[0028] 2-Ethylhexanol and nonanal mimic the secretions of millet roots, causing dormant oospores to germinate prematurely, breaking their dormancy and enhancing the efficacy of metalaxyl.
[0029] 3. In this invention, quicklime is used for high-temperature sterilization. First, millet is divided into spring-sown millet and summer-sown millet. The sowing period for spring-sown millet is from April to May, and the sowing period for summer-sown millet is from mid to late June. The temperature is relatively low when spring-sown millet is sown, so it is necessary to cover the soil with plastic film to raise the soil temperature and maintain the temperature of the topsoil in the planting area at 18-20℃. The temperature is relatively high when summer-sown millet is sown, so it is necessary to irrigate to cool the soil and maintain the temperature of the topsoil in the planting area at 18-20℃.
[0030] Temperatures of 18-20℃ can induce most of the dormant oospores in the soil to hatch and germinate, transforming the originally resilient dormant spores into germinating spores that are easily killed by pesticides. Then, quicklime is buried to form an isolation layer. Irrigation at noon on a sunny day causes the quicklime and water to undergo a violent exothermic reaction, releasing a large amount of heat. Through the heat of chemical reaction, solar radiation, and the heat accumulated by the mulch film, the soil in the planting area is heated to above 50℃, thereby killing the pathogenic spores in the topsoil.
[0031] Furthermore, the hydration of quicklime produces calcium hydroxide, causing soil compaction in the isolation layer area. This physical isolation and alkaline environment prevent pathogens from the deeper soil layers from migrating upwards to the millet root system, cutting off the infection pathways of pathogens below the isolation zone. Once the millet reaches the 4-5 leaf stage, it grows vigorously and exhibits some antibacterial properties. At this point, the isolation zone can be broken to prevent the isolation layer from hindering root growth downwards. Spraying with wood vinegar at this time not only neutralizes the acidity and alkalinity of the isolation layer and the alkaline soil below, but also uses the bactericidal properties of the wood vinegar to kill any remaining spores or germinated mycelia below the isolation layer.
[0032] 4. In this invention, after high-temperature sterilization, the planting area is sprayed with wood vinegar to neutralize it. At the same time, the bactericidal properties of wood vinegar are used to disinfect the residual pathogens in the soil. The remaining time before sowing is used to let the land air dry, which not only controls the soil moisture content and facilitates the entry of mechanical equipment, but also allows the residual wood vinegar to evaporate. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the soil cross-section structure before the isolation layer is destroyed;
[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil cross-sectional structure after the isolation layer has been destroyed. Detailed Implementation
[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: I. Specific Implementation Methods
[0037] The spring-sown millet varieties used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1. The specific components of the fungicide are also shown in Table 1.
[0038] Example 1
[0039] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 750 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0040] S2, On February 20, the fungicide was diluted 750 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0041] S301, April 1st, cover the surface of the planting area with mulch film to maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 19℃ for 4 consecutive days;
[0042] S302. Then remove the plastic film, first dig strip-shaped trenches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0043] S303. On a sunny day at noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the mulch again.
[0044] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0045] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0046] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0047] S5. When the millet grows to the 4-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0048] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 1200 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 40 L / mu.
[0049] Example 2
[0050] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 500 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 40 L / mu.
[0051] S2. On February 20, the fungicide was diluted 500 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 40 L / mu.
[0052] S301, On April 1, the surface of the planting area was covered with mulch film to maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 18℃ for 3 consecutive days;
[0053] S302. Then remove the plastic film, first dig strip-shaped trenches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0054] S303. On a sunny day at noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the mulch again.
[0055] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0056] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0057] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0058] S5. When the millet grows to the 4-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0059] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 1500 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 30 L / mu.
[0060] Example 3
[0061] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 800 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 55 L / mu.
[0062] S2, On February 20, the fungicide was diluted 800 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 55 L / mu.
[0063] S301, April 1st, cover the surface of the planting area with mulch film to maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 20℃ for 5 consecutive days;
[0064] S302. Then remove the plastic film, first dig strip-shaped trenches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0065] S303. On a sunny day at noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the mulch again.
[0066] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0067] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0068] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0069] S5. When the millet grows to the 5-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0070] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 1000 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 45 L / mu.
[0071] Example 4
[0072] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 1000 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 60 L / mu.
[0073] S2. On February 20th, the fungicide was diluted 1000 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 60 L / mu.
[0074] S301, April 1st, cover the surface of the planting area with mulch film to maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 19℃ for 4 consecutive days;
[0075] S302. Then remove the plastic film, first dig strip-shaped trenches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0076] S303. On a sunny day at noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the mulch again.
[0077] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0078] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0079] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0080] S5. When the millet grows to the 5-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0081] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 2000 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0082] Example 5
[0083] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 600 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0084] S2. On February 20, the fungicide was diluted 600 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0085] S301, April 1st, cover the surface of the planting area with mulch film to maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 19℃ for 4 consecutive days;
[0086] S302. Then remove the plastic film, first dig strip-shaped trenches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches.
[0087] S303. On a sunny day at noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the mulch again.
[0088] S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0089] S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0090] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0091] S5. When the millet grows to the 4-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0092] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 1400 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 35 L / mu.
[0093] Comparative Example 1
[0094] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the bactericide in Comparative Example 1 is metalaxyl.
[0095] Comparative Example 2
[0096] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that, in Comparative Example 2, after high-temperature sterilization, the planting area and the isolation layer were turned over and the isolation layer was destroyed.
[0097] Comparative Example 3
[0098] The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 3 does not involve preheating the tillage layer. The specific steps are as follows:
[0099] S1. On January 10, the fungicide was diluted 750 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0100] S2, On February 20, the fungicide was diluted 750 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area at a rate of 50 L / mu.
[0101] S301, April 1st: First, dig strip-shaped ditches, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the ditches, spread quicklime in the ditches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill with the soil produced from digging the ditches.
[0102] S302. On a sunny noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime to release heat. Then cover the area with mulch.
[0103] S303. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime.
[0104] S304. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing;
[0105] S4, April 12, millet will be sown in the planting area after high-temperature sterilization;
[0106] S5. When the millet grows to the 4-leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, and spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
[0107] S6. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, dilute the fungicide 1200 times and spray it onto the surface of the millet leaves at a rate of 40 L / mu.
[0108]
[0109] Table 1
[0110] II. Field Trials
[0111] 1. Test site
[0112] The experimental field was selected from a major millet-producing area where millet white spot disease is a recurring problem. The soil in the experimental field was uniformly fertile and the terrain was flat. The previous crop was millet, and the millet seeds were healthy seeds without pathogens.
[0113] 2. Experimental Design
[0114] Ten treatment groups were set up, including Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of this invention, plus a blank control group (without any white spot disease control measures), conventional control group A (using seed coating control method), and conventional control group B (using metalaxyl spraying control method after disease onset). A 1m wide isolation row was set up between the cells to prevent pesticide drift and cross-infection of pathogens.
[0115] 3. Field Management
[0116] Apart from the different methods of controlling white spot disease in each treatment group, all conventional field management measures such as fertilization, irrigation, weeding, and inter-row cultivation in all plots were strictly implemented in accordance with the local high-yield millet cultivation standards.
[0117] 4. Survey period
[0118] Survey conducted before millet matures.
[0119] 5. Survey Methods
[0120] A five-point sampling method was used, selecting five survey points in each experimental plot. At each point, 20 millet plants were surveyed, and the disease incidence was investigated on each plant. The total number of surveyed plants and the number of diseased plants were recorded, and the disease incidence rate was calculated. Calculation formula:
[0121] Disease incidence (%) = Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants surveyed × 100; Yield survey: Harvest and measure yield at the maturity stage of millet, and measure the weight of 1,000 grains at the same time.
[0122] The disease grading criteria for millet whitening are shown in Table 2.
[0123] Table 2
[0124]
[0125] 5. Test Results
[0126] The test results are shown in Table 3.
[0127] Table 3
[0128]
[0129] As can be seen from Table 3, in Examples 1-5 of this invention, through the synergistic combination of compound fungicide, timed application of pesticides, and high-temperature sterilization, the disease incidence rate was all below 4.5%, the thousand-seed weight was greater than 2.75g, and the yield per mu was greater than 400kg. This indicates that the control method in this invention has a significant control effect due to the combination of seed coating and spraying fungicide after the disease occurs.
[0130] Comparative Example 1 used only metalaxyl, lacking the synergistic effect of wood ash and the inducing effect of millet volatiles, thus its control effect was worse than that of the examples. In Comparative Example 2, the isolation layer was destroyed in advance, losing the physical barrier against pathogens in the deep soil, allowing pathogens to re-infect the millet roots, resulting in a significant increase in the risk of disease and a further reduction in the effect. Comparative Example 3 omitted the preheating of the tillage layer, failing to break the dormancy of the pathogen's dormant spores. The high temperature could only kill active bacteria, resulting in incomplete sterilization and leaving a large number of pathogens remaining in the tillage layer. Therefore, its control effect was far lower than that of the examples.
Claims
1. A method for preventing and controlling whitening disease in millet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Spray fungicide in the planting area in January; S2. Spray fungicide again on the planting area in February and March; S3. 10-15 days before millet sowing, the planting area should be sterilized at high temperature; S4. During the sowing period, millet is sown in the planting area; S5. When the millet reaches the 7-leaf stage, spray the leaves with a fungicide.
2. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bactericide, by weight, comprises 15-30 parts of metalaxyl, 100-150 parts of millet ash, and 5-10 parts of millet volatiles.
3. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 2, characterized in that, The volatile matter from the millet, by mass percentage, includes 20-30% 2-ethylhexanol, 50-70% nonanal, and 3-5% dispersant.
4. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of high-temperature sterilization in step S3 are as follows: S301. 10-15 days before sowing millet, maintain the temperature of the topsoil layer in the planting area at 18-20℃ for 3-5 days. S302. Then, dig strip-shaped trenches in the planting area, temporarily store the excavated soil in the open space between the trenches, spread quicklime in the trenches to form an isolation layer, and then backfill the soil produced by digging the trenches. S303. On a sunny noon, irrigate the planting area. The irrigation water will seep into the isolation layer and react with quicklime. Then cover the area with mulch. S304. The next day, remove the mulch film and wait for the planting area to cool down. Spray the planting area with wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value, and then use irrigation water to further neutralize the remaining wood vinegar and lime. S305. Allow the land to dry during the remaining time before sowing.
5. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 4, characterized in that, The isolation layer has a U-shaped cross-section, and the soil above the isolation layer is the soil of the planting area.
6. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the millet grows to the 4-5 leaf stage, loosen the soil around the millet roots and break the isolation layer, then spray the cut soil with wood vinegar.
7. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps S1 and S2, the fungicide is diluted 500-1000 times and sprayed onto the soil surface of the planting area. The amount of diluted fungicide applied is 40-60 L / acre.
8. The method for preventing and controlling millet whitening disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fungicide described in step S5 is diluted 1000-1500 times and then sprayed onto the leaves of millet in the planting area. The amount of diluted fungicide to be sprayed is 30-50 L / mu.