A neurosurgical retractor device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of medical auxiliary equipment, in particular to a neurosurgery operation retractor device, which comprises a central adjusting seat, the side wall of the central adjusting seat is symmetrically hinged with retraction arms, the end of the retraction arms away from the central adjusting seat is hinged with a retraction plate, the side wall of the central adjusting seat is hinged with a plurality of rhombic telescopic frames, the end of the rhombic telescopic frames away from the central adjusting seat is hinged with the retraction arms, the central adjusting seat is further provided with an adapter disc, and a multi-modal fixed base is detachably connected to the adapter disc; a transmission mechanism is installed in the central adjusting seat, a pressure sensor for collecting the tension of brain tissue is installed on the transmission mechanism, a control module is signal-connected with the pressure sensor, the control module is signal-connected with the rhombic telescopic frames, the adapter disc and the transmission mechanism, and the control module is signal-connected with an electromagnetic locker for locking the rhombic telescopic frames and the transmission mechanism. The present application effectively reduces the risk of brain tissue pulling injury, frees the hands of medical staff, and simplifies the operation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical auxiliary equipment technology, specifically to a retraction device for neurosurgery. Background Technology

[0002] In neurosurgery, the clarity of the surgical field exposure, the safety of brain tissue retraction, and the stability of the device fixation directly determine the success rate of the surgery and the patient's postoperative recovery. Currently, there are still many technical challenges with the neurosurgical retraction devices used in clinical practice:

[0003] First, most retraction devices rely on manual fixation by medical staff, which not only increases their workload but also causes tremors due to manual handling, leading to unstable traction tension and a high risk of damage to brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. Second, the tension adjustment of existing retraction devices is mostly done manually in a crude manner, failing to achieve precise quantitative acquisition and control of tension. Excessive traction force can damage brain tissue, while insufficient force cannot ensure adequate exposure of the surgical field, making it difficult to adapt to the fragile and easily damaged physiological characteristics of brain tissue. Third, the fixation method of the devices is singular, mostly using simple mechanical clamps, which has poor adaptability and cannot be compatible with different types of operating tables. Furthermore, the angle adjustment after fixation is cumbersome and prone to errors, easily causing displacement of the surgical field due to loose fixation or angle deviation, requiring repeated adjustments to the traction position, further increasing surgical risks.

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a neurosurgical retraction device that can achieve precise tension control, stable device fixation, multi-structure coordinated linkage, and can effectively protect brain tissue, reduce the burden of medical and nursing operations, and be adapted to various surgical scenarios, so as to solve the problem of unstable surgical field exposure and high risk of brain tissue damage in the existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a neurosurgical retraction device for gentle traction of brain tissue and precise exposure of the surgical field during neurosurgical craniotomy. It enables real-time acquisition of traction tension, while simultaneously achieving stable fixation, adaptive angle adjustment, and multi-structure synergistic linkage of the device. This effectively reduces the risk of brain tissue traction injury, frees up the hands of medical staff, simplifies surgical procedures, and improves the precision, safety, and convenience of neurosurgical procedures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a neurosurgical retraction device includes a central adjustment seat, retraction arms symmetrically hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat, a retraction plate hinged to the end of the retraction arm away from the central adjustment seat, a plurality of rhomboid telescopic frames hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat, the end of the rhomboid telescopic frames away from the central adjustment seat being hinged to the retraction arm, and a transfer plate also installed on the central adjustment seat, on which a multimodal fixing base is detachably connected.

[0007] The central adjustment seat is equipped with a transmission mechanism, on which a pressure sensor for collecting the tension of brain tissue is installed. The pressure sensor signal is connected to a control module. The rhomboid telescopic frame, the adapter plate, and the transmission mechanism are all connected to the control module signal. The control module signal is connected to an electromagnetic locking device for locking the rhomboid telescopic frame and the transmission mechanism.

[0008] When the control module determines that the tension has reached the preset tension threshold range, the control module triggers the electromagnetic locking device to lock the position of the diamond telescopic frame and the transmission mechanism, and at the same time controls the adjustment angle of the adapter plate.

[0009] When the control module determines that the tension fluctuation exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the control module drives the transmission mechanism to adjust the displacement of the traction arm.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a rotating shaft that rotatably engages with a central adjusting seat. The rotating shaft passes through the central adjusting seat and is coaxially fixedly connected to a power component. A driving bevel gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the driving bevel gear meshes with a driven bevel gear. A transmission rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear. A first gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the transmission rod away from the driven bevel gear. The first gear meshes with a rack, which is arranged axially along the central adjusting seat. The end of the rack away from the transmission rod is hinged to the traction arm. The power component is signal-connected to the control module.

[0011] Furthermore, the retraction plate adopts an arc-shaped structure adapted to the physiological curvature of brain tissue. A universal joint buffer structure is installed between the retraction plate and the retraction arm. The universal joint buffer structure includes a universal joint body with built-in elastic damping components and a linkage rod. The input end of the universal joint body is fixedly connected to the retraction plate, and the output end of the universal joint body is hinged to the diamond telescopic frame through the linkage rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the rhomboid telescopic frame includes several connecting rods, which are hinged end to end in pairs. A telescopic adjustment screw is transversely inserted in the middle of the rhomboid telescopic frame. The two ends of the adjustment screw are respectively threaded to two opposite sets of connecting rods. A driving component is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment screw, and the driving component is signal-connected to the control module.

[0013] Furthermore, the electromagnetic locking device is embedded in the hinge node between the rhomboid telescopic frame and the central adjustment seat. The electromagnetic locking device and the end of the telescopic adjustment screw form a concave-convex locking fit. The locking logic of the electromagnetic locking device is linked with the tension threshold judgment of the control module.

[0014] When the tension reaches the preset tension threshold range, the control module controls the electromagnetic locking device to quickly lock the telescopic adjustment screw and the diamond frame through electromagnetic attraction. In the locked state, the control module monitors the tension in real time. If the tension is lower than the preset tension threshold lower limit, the electromagnetic locking device is unlocked for secondary adjustment.

[0015] Furthermore, the multimodal fixation base includes a connector that is detachably connected to the adapter plate. The connector is provided with a fixing component for fixing to an operating table or other fixed object. The fixing component includes a locking screw that is threaded into the multimodal fixation base.

[0016] Furthermore, an angle adjustment linkage mechanism is provided between the central adjustment seat and the adapter plate. The angle adjustment linkage mechanism includes a ring gear fixedly connected to the adapter plate, and a drive gear that rotates with the central adjustment seat and meshes with the ring gear. The drive gear is connected to an angle adjustment drive component, which is signal-connected to the control module.

[0017] Furthermore, a reset structure is provided at the hinge between the rhomboid telescopic frame and the retracting arm. The reset structure includes a torsion spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to the connecting rod of the rhomboid telescopic frame, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the retracting arm.

[0018] Furthermore, the retraction plate is equipped with several illumination lamps, which are evenly distributed on the side of the retraction plate facing the brain tissue. The illumination lamps are connected to a light sensor, which is connected to the control module. The control module automatically adjusts the brightness of the illumination lamps based on the light intensity of the surgical area detected by the light sensor.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual early warning unit that is signal-connected to the control module;

[0020] When the tension reaches the upper limit of the preset tension threshold, the early warning unit issues a first-level early warning; when the tension reaches the lower limit of the preset tension threshold, a second-level early warning is issued.

[0021] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This solution constructs an integrated closed loop, which uses pressure sensors to collect traction tension in real time, and the control module links the electromagnetic locking device and various transmission structures to achieve precise quantitative control and automatic locking of traction tension. At the same time, it is equipped with a universal joint buffer structure and an angle adjustment linkage mechanism, which can adapt to changes in brain tissue force and surgical field requirements. Compared with traditional techniques where the retraction device relies on manual hand fixation, tension cannot be quantified, and adjustment actions are independent and fragmented, this solution significantly reduces the risk of brain tissue traction injury, improves the accuracy and stability of surgical operation, and frees up the hands of medical staff, reducing the burden of operation.

[0023] 2. This solution integrates the synergistic effects of a multimodal fixing base, an angle adjustment linkage mechanism, and a diamond-shaped telescopic frame. Locking screws ensure a stable fit between the device and the operating table. The precise meshing of the ring gear and the drive gear allows for fine-tuning of the overall device angle. Furthermore, angle adjustment and tension locking are synchronized. Compared to traditional technologies where the traction device fixation method is singular, angle adjustment relies on manual operation, and has significant errors, this solution not only adapts to various operating table surfaces and surgical positions but also ensures the continuity and stability of the surgical field exposure, preventing secondary traction injuries caused by loose fixation.

[0024] 3. This solution adds a reset structure and multi-dimensional buffer protection design. The torsion spring can realize the flexible automatic reset of the traction arm, avoiding the impact caused by manual reset and motor-driven reset. The universal joint buffer structure can absorb the impact of tension fluctuations. The locking screws and angle calibration of the multi-modal fixed base can balance the traction reaction force. Compared with the traditional technology where the traction device has no dedicated reset structure, poor buffering effect, and a stiff reset process, this solution further optimizes the stability of traction and reset, reduces mechanical wear, extends the service life of the device, and better adapts to the fragile and easily damaged physiological characteristics of brain tissue.

[0025] 4. This solution deeply integrates the lighting system, early warning module, and core traction structure. The lighting beads are distributed in a ring and can automatically adjust brightness through a light sensor. The early warning module can issue graded audible and visual warnings based on tension changes. When tension is abnormal, the lighting is simultaneously enhanced to assist medical staff in intervention. Compared with traditional traction devices that have no built-in lighting, require additional handheld lighting equipment, and have only a single warning function, this solution effectively avoids the problem of auxiliary lighting obstructing the field of vision, improves the clarity of the surgical field, and enables timely warning and rapid response to tension abnormalities, further ensuring surgical safety and meeting the high precision and high sterility requirements of neurosurgery. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the neurosurgical retraction device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of the neurosurgical retraction device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0029] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Central adjustment seat; 2. Retracting arm; 3. Retracting plate; 4. Diamond telescopic frame; 401. Connecting rod; 5. Adapter plate; 6. Multi-mode fixed base; 7. Rotating shaft; 701. Driving bevel gear; 8. Power component; 9. Driven bevel gear; 901. Transmission rod; 10. First gear; 11. Rack; 12. Universal joint buffer structure. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] As attached Figures 1 to 3 As shown: A neurosurgical retraction device includes a central adjustment seat 1, with retraction arms 2 symmetrically hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat 1. A retraction plate 3 is hinged to the end of the retraction arm 2 away from the central adjustment seat 1. Several rhomboid telescopic frames 4 are hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat 1. The ends of the rhomboid telescopic frames 4 away from the central adjustment seat 1 are hinged to the retraction arms 2. A transfer plate 5 is also installed on the central adjustment seat 1. A multimodal fixing base 6 is detachably connected to the transfer plate 5. A transmission mechanism is installed inside the central adjustment seat 1. A pressure sensor for collecting the tension of brain tissue is installed on the transmission mechanism. The pressure sensor signal is connected to a control module. The rhomboid telescopic frames 4, the transfer plate 5, and the transmission mechanism are all signal connected to the control module. The control module signal is connected to an electromagnetic locking device for locking the rhomboid telescopic frames 4 to the transmission mechanism.

[0036] When the control module determines that the tension reaches the preset tension threshold range, the control module triggers the electromagnetic locking device to lock the position of the diamond telescopic frame 4 and the transmission mechanism, and at the same time controls the adjustment angle of the adapter plate 5; when the control module determines that the tension fluctuation exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the control module drives the transmission mechanism to adjust the displacement of the traction arm 2.

[0037] The transmission mechanism includes a rotating shaft 7, which is rotatably engaged with a central adjusting seat 1. The rotating shaft 7 passes through the central adjusting seat 1 and is coaxially fixedly connected to a power component 8. In this embodiment, the power component 8 is a first motor. A driving bevel gear 701 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 7. The driving bevel gear 701 meshes with a driven bevel gear 9. The driven bevel gear 9 is coaxially fixedly connected to a transmission rod 901. A first gear 10 is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the transmission rod 901 away from the driven bevel gear 9. The first gear 10 meshes with a rack 11. The rack 11 is arranged axially along the central adjusting seat 1. The end of the rack 11 away from the transmission rod 901 is hinged to the traction arm 2. The power component 8 is signal-connected to the control module.

[0038] The retraction plate 3 adopts an arc-shaped structure adapted to the physiological curvature of brain tissue. A universal joint buffer structure 12 is installed between the retraction plate 3 and the retraction arm 2. The universal joint buffer structure 12 includes a universal joint body with built-in elastic damping elements and a linkage rod. The input end of the universal joint body is fixedly connected to the retraction plate 3, and the output end of the universal joint body is hinged to the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 through the linkage rod.

[0039] The rhomboid telescopic frame 4 includes several connecting rods 401, which are hinged end to end in pairs. A telescopic adjustment screw is transversely inserted in the middle of the rhomboid telescopic frame 4. The two ends of the adjustment screw are threadedly adapted to the two opposite sets of connecting rods 401. A driving component is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment screw. In this embodiment, the driving component is a second motor, and the driving component is signal connected to the control module.

[0040] The electromagnetic locking device is embedded in the hinge node between the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 and the central adjustment seat 1. The electromagnetic locking device and the end of the telescopic adjustment screw form a concave-convex locking fit. The locking logic of the electromagnetic locking device is linked with the tension threshold judgment of the control module.

[0041] When the tension reaches the preset tension threshold range, the control module controls the electromagnetic locking device to quickly lock the telescopic adjustment screw and the diamond frame through electromagnetic attraction. In the locked state, the control module monitors the tension in real time. If the tension is lower than the preset tension threshold lower limit, the electromagnetic locking device is unlocked for secondary adjustment.

[0042] It also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual early warning unit that is connected to the control module via signals. When the tension reaches the upper limit of the preset tension threshold, the early warning unit issues a first-level early warning; when the tension reaches the lower limit of the preset tension threshold, it issues a second-level early warning.

[0043] The specific implementation process is as follows: Before the operation begins, medical staff will complete the stable connection between the multimodal fixation base 6 and the fixation structure around the operating table or surgical area according to the location of the surgical incision and the layout of the operating table, so as to ensure the stability of the overall initial posture of the device and provide basic support for subsequent traction operations. Subsequently, the control module presets the tension threshold range and tension fluctuation threshold, while simultaneously adjusting the linkage and coordination between the transmission mechanism and the rhomboid telescopic frame 4: the control power component 8 (first motor) is started, the rotating shaft 7 drives the active bevel gear 701 to rotate, and through the meshing driven bevel gear 9 drives the transmission rod 901 to rotate. The transmission rod 901 synchronously drives the first gear 10 to rotate, and the first gear 10 causes the rack 11 to move linearly along the central adjusting seat 1, thereby pulling the retraction arm 2 to achieve pre-adjustment of the opening and closing angle; the control drive component (second motor) is started simultaneously, driving the telescopic adjustment screw to rotate, which drives the connecting rod 401 of the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 to rotate around the hinge point, realizing the frame telescopic deformation to adapt to the initial size requirements of the surgical incision. During this process, the universal joint buffer structure 12 is synchronously fine-tuned with the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 through the linkage rod to ensure that the posture of the retraction plate 3 is always adapted to the movement of the retraction arm 2, avoiding structural jamming.

[0044] After the surgical incision is completed, medical staff place the retraction plate 3 onto the area of ​​brain tissue to be retracted. Because the retraction plate 3 adopts an arc-shaped structure adapted to the physiological curvature of brain tissue, it can increase the contact area with brain tissue, reduce local pressure, and effectively avoid local compression damage to brain tissue caused by the concentration of contact points in traditional planar retraction plates 3, thus improving the safety of traction. Subsequently, the traction action is initiated through the control module: the first motor drives the rack 11 to slowly advance, driving the retraction arm 2 to unfold outward, and the retraction plate 3 simultaneously performs gentle traction on the brain tissue. The pressure sensor collects the traction tension data in real time and transmits it to the control module, forming a closed-loop control of tension acquisition and signal feedback, and finally to motion control. When the control module detects that the tension has reached the preset threshold range, it immediately triggers the electromagnetic locking device. Through electromagnetic attraction, the locking part and the concave-convex structure at the end of the telescopic adjustment screw are precisely engaged, quickly locking the position of the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 and the transmission mechanism, preventing sudden changes in traction force. At the same time, the control module drives the adapter plate 5 to finely adjust the angle, so that the traction direction of the traction plate 3 is consistent with the physiological force direction of the brain tissue, realizing the synchronous linkage of traction locking and posture calibration. Compared with traditional manual hand fixation, it not only completely frees the hands of medical staff, but also avoids tension fluctuations caused by hand tremors during manual fixation, improving the stability of surgical field exposure.

[0045] During the surgical procedure, if the brain tissue experiences tension fluctuations due to changes in body position or instrument contact, the control module responds quickly when the fluctuation amplitude exceeds a preset threshold. It drives the first motor to fine-tune the transmission mechanism, which in turn drives the retraction arm 2 to make a small displacement adjustment via the rack 11. Simultaneously, the elastic damping component of the universal joint buffer structure 12 plays a buffering role, absorbing the impact of tension fluctuations and achieving dynamic compensation for tension fluctuations. This avoids traction damage to the brain tissue and surrounding nerves and blood vessels caused by sudden changes in traction tension, ensuring the safety and precision of the surgical procedure. Meanwhile, the early warning module responds to tension changes in real time: when the tension reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold, the audible and visual early warning unit issues a first-level warning (green indicator light flashing + low-frequency buzzer) to remind medical staff to stop the traction action and avoid tension overload; when the tension drops to the lower limit of the threshold due to brain tissue rebound or other reasons, a second-level warning is issued (yellow indicator light flashing + medium-frequency buzzer), and the control module synchronously controls the electromagnetic locking device to unlock, allowing medical staff to make secondary traction adjustments through the transmission mechanism, realizing dynamic monitoring and graded early warning of tension, effectively avoiding problems such as insufficient surgical field exposure and brain tissue damage caused by excessively high or low tension, and improving the controllability of surgical operations.

[0046] After the core surgical procedures are completed, the electromagnetic locking device is released via the control module, causing the first motor to rotate in the opposite direction, driving the rack 11 to retract, and the retraction arm 2 to slowly close, disengaging the retraction plate 3 from the brain tissue area. Simultaneously, the second motor drives the telescopic adjustment screw to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 to retract and reset. The universal joint buffer structure 12 resets along with the frame via the linkage rod. The entire reset process is smooth and gentle, avoiding brain tissue rebound damage caused by excessively rapid reset. Furthermore, the linkage reset design shortens postoperative device setup time and improves surgical efficiency. Finally, the connection between the multimodal fixation base 6 and the adapter plate 5 is disassembled, the device is cleaned and disinfected, and the surgical procedure is complete.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] The multimodal fixation base 6 includes a connecting seat that is detachably connected to the adapter plate 5. The connecting seat is provided with a fixing component for fixing to the operating table or other fixed objects. The fixing component includes a locking screw that is threaded into the multimodal fixation base 6.

[0049] The specific implementation process is as follows: Before the operation begins, medical staff, based on the location of the operating table, the layout of the incision area, and the needs of the surgical procedure, first detachably connect the connecting seat to the adapter plate 5 using bolts, ensuring a secure and loose connection between the connecting seat and the central adjustment seat 1. Then, align the locking screws of the fixing components with the preset fixing area on the operating table, adjust the overall posture of the device, ensuring that the retraction arm 2 and the diamond-shaped telescopic frame 4 are in their initial retracted state, and that the retraction plate 3 remains horizontal to avoid obstructing the surgical field of view. Next, tighten the locking screws to form a rigid fixed connection between the multimodal fixing base 6 and the operating table. Compared to traditional mechanical clamping fixation, the locking screws achieve a stable lock through threaded engagement, are compatible with operating tables with standard fixing holes and various fixing brackets, offer high fixation strength, are less prone to displacement during surgery, and significantly improve fixation compatibility.

[0050] After the core surgical procedures are completed, the control module releases the electromagnetic locking device, driving the first and second motors to rotate in reverse. The retraction arm 2 retracts, the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 resets, and the retraction plate 3 smoothly detaches from the brain tissue. Then, the locking screws are loosened, allowing the multimodal fixation base 6 to separate from the operating table. The connecting bolts between the connector and the adapter plate 5 are then removed, completing the device disassembly. The screw-fixing method ensures reliable locking, smooth assembly and disassembly, and easy cleaning and disinfection of components, avoiding the risk of cross-infection. Compared to traditional fixation structures, it significantly shortens postoperative preparation time.

[0051] Example 3:

[0052] An angle adjustment linkage mechanism is provided between the central adjustment seat 1 and the adapter plate 5. The angle adjustment linkage mechanism includes a ring gear fixedly connected to the adapter plate 5, and a drive gear that rotates with the central adjustment seat 1 and meshes with the ring gear. The drive gear is connected to an angle adjustment drive component. In this embodiment, the angle adjustment drive component is a third motor. The angle adjustment drive component is connected to the control module via a signal.

[0053] The specific implementation process is as follows: Before the surgery begins, medical staff first securely connect the multimodal fixation base 6 to the central adjustment base 1 via the adapter plate 5, completing the fixation of the base to the operating table and ensuring the overall stability of the device. Then, the angle adjustment linkage mechanism is debugged through the control module: the angle adjustment drive (third motor) is activated, and the active gear rotates with the motor output shaft. Through meshing transmission with the ring gear, it drives the adapter plate 5 and the central adjustment base 1 above to rotate as a whole, while simultaneously observing the angle adjustment accuracy. At the same time, the angle adjustment logic is preset, linking angle adjustment with tension monitoring to ensure precise adaptation of the angle adjustment action when the traction tension reaches the target. Compared to traditional manual angle adjustment, gear meshing transmission can achieve precise quantitative control of the angle, avoiding errors and vibrations from manual adjustment, laying the foundation for accurate exposure of the surgical field subsequently.

[0054] After the surgical incision is completed, medical staff place the arc-shaped retraction plate 3 against the area of ​​brain tissue to be retracted and initiate the traction action through the control module: the first motor drives the rack 11 to slowly advance, the retraction arm 2 drives the retraction plate 3 to gently retract the brain tissue, and the pressure sensor collects tension data in real time and feeds it back to the control module. When the tension reaches the preset range, the control module immediately triggers the electromagnetic locking device to lock the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 and the transmission mechanism. At the same time, the third motor is automatically started. Through the precise meshing of the drive gear and the ring gear, the adapter plate 5 is driven to finely adjust the angle, so that the traction direction of the retraction plate 3 is completely adapted to the physiological force direction of the brain tissue, maximizing the reduction of local pressure. This achieves synchronous linkage between tension target locking and precise angle adaptation, solving the problem of independent tension and angle adjustment in traditional devices, and further improving the safety of brain tissue traction and the rationality of surgical field exposure.

[0055] During the surgical procedure, if the tension fluctuation of the brain tissue exceeds the preset value, the control module drives the transmission mechanism to fine-tune the displacement of the retraction arm 2. The universal joint buffer structure 12 absorbs the impact of the fluctuation. Simultaneously, based on the tension change data, the third motor is synchronously controlled to fine-tune the angle, ensuring that the retraction plate 3 always maintains the optimal traction posture and avoids areas with dense blood vessels. The early warning module responds to the tension and angle status in real time. If the angle adjustment exceeds the safe range or the tension is abnormal, a graded warning is immediately issued to remind medical staff to intervene. This achieves dynamic and coordinated protection based on tension fluctuations and angle adaptation, avoiding tension concentration caused by improper angles and further ensuring surgical safety.

[0056] Example 4:

[0057] A reset structure is provided at the hinge of the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 and the retraction arm 2. The reset structure includes a torsion spring. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 401 of the rhomboid telescopic frame 4, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the retraction arm 2.

[0058] The specific implementation process is as follows: The first motor drives the retraction arm 2 to slowly unfold. During the traction process, the torsion spring deforms synchronously and stores the reverse reset elastic force. The elastic force buffers the unfolding speed of the retraction arm 2 to avoid the traction action being too fast. The second motor drives the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 to extend and deform to adapt to the initial size of the surgical incision. At this time, the torsion spring always maintains the deformation state corresponding to the traction action, providing stable elastic support for subsequent reset. This realizes the synchronous linkage between traction adjustment and reset buffering, effectively slowing down the traction speed and reducing the risk of brain tissue damage caused by excessive traction speed.

[0059] After the core surgical procedures are completed, the control module releases the electromagnetic locking device, and the torsion spring immediately releases its elasticity, driving the retraction arm 2 to slowly retract and reset. Simultaneously, the rhomboid telescopic frame 4 contracts, and the retraction plate 3 smoothly detaches from the brain tissue under the spring's elasticity. Basic repositioning is completed without the need for an additional drive motor to reverse. The control motor is then fine-tuned to its initial position, the device is disassembled, and cleaned and disinfected. The automatic reset function of the torsion spring simplifies the postoperative repositioning process, reduces the frequency of motor reverse rotation, lowers energy consumption and mechanical wear, and the gentle repositioning avoids impact on the brain tissue during the repositioning action, further improving surgical safety and device durability.

[0060] Example 5:

[0061] The retraction plate 3 is equipped with several lighting lamps, which are evenly distributed on the side of the retraction plate 3 facing the brain tissue. The lighting lamps are connected to a light sensor, which is connected to the control module. The control module automatically adjusts the brightness of the lighting lamps according to the light intensity of the surgical area detected by the light sensor.

[0062] The specific implementation process is as follows: Before the surgery begins, medical staff first securely connect the multimodal fixation base 6 to the central adjustment base 1 via the adapter plate 5 to complete the fixation with the operating table and ensure the overall support of the device is reliable. Then, the lighting and photosensitive adjustment system is debugged: the control module is activated, the lighting beads are in the low brightness level by default, the light sensor detects the ambient light intensity in real time and transmits data, the sensor is manually blocked to simulate a dark environment, the control module responds quickly and automatically increases the brightness of the beads to the appropriate level; the blockage is removed to restore the natural light environment, the brightness of the beads drops back synchronously, confirming that the brightness adjustment is smooth and without lag. Compared with the traction device without built-in lighting, there is no need for additional handheld lighting equipment, avoiding obstruction of vision. At the same time, the automatic brightness adjustment can save manual operation and reduce the collaborative burden of medical staff.

[0063] The control module fine-tunes the brightness of the LED beads according to changes in light, ensuring that the area to be pulled remains clearly illuminated during the movement of the retraction plate 3. This achieves synchronous linkage between the retraction posture adjustment and the lighting brightness adaptation, avoiding blurred vision caused by the retraction action blocking the light and improving the accuracy of preoperative calibration.

[0064] Meanwhile, the light sensor accurately captures the light intensity of the surgical field. If the light from the surgical microscope is blocked by instruments or tissues, causing the light intensity to fall below the preset light intensity threshold, the control module immediately and automatically increases the brightness of the LED beads to supplement the light in the surgical field, ensuring that the lesion area is clearly visible. This solves the problem of insufficient or excessively bright light in the surgical field during traditional surgery. It automatically adapts to changes in light, providing clear and soft auxiliary lighting for the exposure of lesions under the microscope, and improving the accuracy of surgical operations.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A neurosurgical retraction device, comprising a central adjustment seat (1), retraction arms (2) symmetrically hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat (1), a retraction plate (3) hinged to the end of the retraction arm (2) away from the central adjustment seat (1), and a plurality of rhomboid telescopic frames (4) hinged to the side walls of the central adjustment seat (1), the ends of the rhomboid telescopic frames (4) away from the central adjustment seat (1) being hinged to the retraction arms (2), characterized in that, A transfer plate (5) is also installed on the central adjustment seat (1), and a multi-mode fixed base (6) can be detachably connected to the transfer plate (5). The central adjustment seat (1) is equipped with a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism is equipped with a pressure sensor for collecting the tension of brain tissue. The pressure sensor signal is connected to the control module. The rhomboid telescopic frame (4), the adapter plate (5) and the transmission mechanism are all connected to the control module signal. The control module signal is connected to an electromagnetic locking device for locking the rhomboid telescopic frame (4) and the transmission mechanism. When the control module determines that the tension reaches the preset tension threshold range, the control module triggers the electromagnetic locking device to lock the position of the rhomboid telescopic frame (4) and the transmission mechanism, and at the same time controls the adjustment angle of the adapter plate (5); When the control module determines that the tension fluctuation exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the control module drives the transmission mechanism to adjust the displacement of the traction arm (2).

2. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism includes a rotating shaft (7), which rotates in conjunction with the central adjustment seat (1). The rotating shaft (7) passes through the central adjustment seat (1) and is coaxially fixedly connected to a power component (8). A driving bevel gear (701) is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (7). The driving bevel gear (701) meshes with a driven bevel gear (9). The driven bevel gear (9) is coaxially fixedly connected to a transmission rod (901). A first gear (10) is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the transmission rod (901) away from the driven bevel gear (9). The first gear (10) meshes with a rack (11). The rack (11) is arranged axially along the central adjustment seat (1). The end of the rack (11) away from the transmission rod (901) is hinged to the traction arm (2). The power component (8) is signal-connected to the control module.

3. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The retraction plate (3) adopts an arc-shaped structure adapted to the physiological curvature of brain tissue. A universal joint buffer structure (12) is installed between the retraction plate (3) and the retraction arm (2). The universal joint buffer structure (12) includes a universal joint body with built-in elastic damping components and a linkage rod. The input end of the universal joint body is fixedly connected to the retraction plate (3), and the output end of the universal joint body is hinged to the rhomboid telescopic frame (4) through the linkage rod.

4. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rhomboid telescopic frame (4) includes several connecting rods (401), which are hinged to each other end to end. A telescopic adjustment screw is transversely inserted in the middle of the rhomboid telescopic frame (4). The two ends of the adjustment screw are threadedly adapted to the two sets of connecting rods (401) respectively. A drive component is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment screw, and the drive component is signal connected to the control module.

5. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electromagnetic locking device is embedded in the hinge node between the rhomboid telescopic frame (4) and the central adjustment seat (1). The electromagnetic locking device and the end of the telescopic adjustment screw form a concave-convex locking fit. The locking logic of the electromagnetic locking device is linked with the tension threshold judgment of the control module. When the tension reaches the preset tension threshold range, the control module controls the electromagnetic locking device to quickly lock the telescopic adjustment screw and the diamond frame through electromagnetic attraction. In the locked state, the control module monitors the tension in real time. If the tension is lower than the preset tension threshold lower limit, the electromagnetic locking device is unlocked for secondary adjustment.

6. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multimodal fixing base (6) includes a connecting seat that is detachably connected to the adapter plate (5). The connecting seat is provided with a fixing component for fixing to the operating table or other fixed objects. The fixing component includes a locking screw that is threaded into the multimodal fixing base (6).

7. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 6, characterized in that, An angle adjustment linkage mechanism is provided between the central adjustment seat (1) and the adapter plate (5). The angle adjustment linkage mechanism includes a ring gear fixedly connected to the adapter plate (5) and a drive gear that rotates with the central adjustment seat (1) and meshes with the ring gear. The drive gear is connected to an angle adjustment drive component, and the angle adjustment drive component is connected to the control module signal.

8. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A reset structure is provided at the hinge of the rhomboid telescopic frame (4) and the retracting arm (2). The reset structure includes a torsion spring. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (401) of the rhomboid telescopic frame (4), and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the retracting arm (2).

9. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 8, characterized in that, Several lighting beads are provided on the retraction plate (3). The lighting beads are evenly distributed on the side of the retraction plate (3) facing the brain tissue. The lighting beads are connected to a light sensor. The light sensor is connected to the control module. The control module automatically adjusts the brightness of the lighting beads according to the light intensity of the surgical area detected by the light sensor.

10. The neurosurgical retraction device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual early warning unit that is connected to the control module via signals. When the tension reaches the upper limit of the preset tension threshold, the early warning unit issues a first-level early warning; when the tension reaches the lower limit of the preset tension threshold, a second-level early warning is issued.

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