Separate pelvic fixation band and tactile reference warning system and method of operation

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of separated pelvic fixation band and tactile reference early warning system and operating method, belong to the technical field of medical instruments for war trauma first aid, including the quick inflatable pelvic fixation band and tactile reference early warning waistband of quick combination.Tactile reference early warning waistband is equipped with the tactile reference module based on high flow resistance parallel gas path principle, this module includes adjustable tactile membrane and internal damping gas path system, can the initial tension state of the abdomen of wounded person is converted into stable tactile memory reference.Two components are fixed by lateral quick connection buckle.The present application realizes the integration of pelvic fracture pre-hospital care and abdominal tension objective early warning, its all-mechanical, power-free design has very high environmental robustness and easy operation, can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable fixed pressure and unreliable abdominal monitoring in traditional method, significantly improve the on-site treatment and transport monitoring quality of severe trauma wounded person.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of war trauma emergency medical device technology, and relates to a detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system. Background Technology

[0002] Pelvic fractures are a common and extremely critical type of injury, with a high overall mortality rate. The core cause of death is often not the fracture itself, but rather the fatal complications it triggers. These complications mainly include two aspects: first, instability of the pelvic ring leads to continuous movement of the fracture fragments, tearing the rich vascular network (especially the venous plexus) and causing uncontrollable massive bleeding; second, progressively increasing intra-abdominal pressure secondary to abdominal organ injury or a large retroperitoneal hematoma, eventually developing into abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and causing multiple organ failure. Therefore, the fundamental task of the pre-hospital emergency care stage is to effectively control pelvic bleeding and identify the risk of intra-abdominal hypertension as early as possible within the limited "golden treatment time," creating conditions for subsequent advanced medical intervention. However, current emergency care technologies and equipment have significant shortcomings in addressing this dual task, making it difficult to adapt to cutting-edge emergency scenarios with scarce resources and harsh environments.

[0003] In terms of pelvic stability control and bleeding management, current techniques face the dilemma of "blind operation." The widely distributed cloth pelvic fixation straps (such as the SAM type) rely primarily on the rescuer's personal experience for wrapping and tightening, making it impossible to quantify or standardize the applied pressure. Insufficient pressure fails to achieve effective hemostasis by reducing pelvic volume and compressing the venous plexus; excessive pressure may exacerbate fracture displacement, cause nerve compression, or local soft tissue ischemia and necrosis. Another more advanced type, the inflatable anti-shock trouser, provides uniform circumferential pressure, but its bulky design, complex operation, and complete wrapping of the victim's abdomen and lower limbs physically prevent any subsequent continuous assessment of abdominal signs, contradicting the clinical principle that pelvic fracture patients must be closely monitored for abdominal conditions.

[0004] In terms of early warning of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), there is an absolute "monitoring gap" at disaster sites. The gold standard for ACS diagnosis is monitoring intra-abdominal pressure, which can be accurately and dynamically measured in hospitals via a pressure sensor connected to a bladder catheter. However, this invasive procedure, which requires a highly sterile environment, is completely impractical in field conditions. The only available alternative for frontline emergency responders is to manually palpate the injured person's abdomen, relying on subjective feeling to determine if there is an increase in tension or hardness. This method has extremely low reliability in real-world conditions for several reasons: First, there is a lack of objective and uniform criteria for judging "hardening" by palpation, which is greatly influenced by personal experience; second, during long, high-intensity, and bumpy transport, rescuers find it difficult to accurately recall and compare the subtle sensations of the initial palpation several hours earlier; third, harsh environmental factors such as darkness, cold, and severe vehicle vibrations make stable and accurate palpation extremely difficult; and finally, injured people are usually wearing heavy combat gear or clothing, and palpation requires removing this equipment, which is not only time-consuming but also increases the risk of secondary exposure.

[0005] In summary, pre-hospital emergency care for pelvic fractures currently faces a severe dilemma: existing fixation techniques cannot provide safe, quantifiable pressure control, and their application may hinder crucial abdominal monitoring; while the only theoretically feasible non-invasive monitoring method (abdominal palpation) is highly subjective and unreliable in actual battlefield conditions, making it easy to miss early signs of intra-abdominal hypertension, a silent killer, often only discovered when irreversible organ damage occurs. Clinical research data shows that some patients with severe pelvic fractures will progress to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and ACS accounts for more than 25% of all pelvic fracture-related deaths. Currently, globally, there is a lack of portable emergency equipment specifically designed for extreme environments that integrates "quantitative pelvic stability fixation" and "objective early warning of changes in intra-abdominal tension," and is easy for non-professionals to operate. Developing an innovative solution that can overcome the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks and integrate these two life-saving tasks into a simple, reliable system that does not rely on external power is of urgent practical significance and important clinical value for filling this critical equipment gap and significantly reducing the mortality rate of severely traumatized patients. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system. This system consists of a rapidly inflatable pelvic fixation belt comprising a built-in main pressure airbag, an integrated accordion-style inflation pump, an integrated mechanical safety pressure valve, and a diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator; and a tactile reference early warning belt comprising a tactile reference module based on the principle of parallel air circuits using high-flow-resistance capillary damping tubes, an integrated pressure adjustment button, and a mechanical status indicator. The two components are mechanically combined and separated via a lateral quick-connect buckle. This innovatively solves the core problems of existing technologies, such as the inability to quantitatively control pelvic fixation pressure, the inability to objectively and reliably monitor and warn of changes in abdominal tension in pre-hospital environments, and the complexity and bulkiness of the equipment, making it unsuitable for extreme conditions in battlefields and disaster sites.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference warning system includes a quick-inflating pelvic fixation belt and a tactile reference warning waist belt, wherein the quick-inflating pelvic fixation belt and the tactile reference warning waist belt are detachably connected by quick-connect buckles.

[0009] The rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt includes a high-strength composite belt body. A main pressure airbag is disposed inside the high-strength composite belt body, and an integrated accordion-style air pump is fixedly disposed outside the high-strength composite belt body. The integrated accordion-style air pump is connected to the main pressure airbag through an internal air passage. A mechanical safety pressure valve and a diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator are disposed on the high-strength composite belt body. The air inlet of the mechanical safety pressure valve is connected to the main pressure airbag, and the sensing component of the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator is connected to the main pressure airbag.

[0010] The tactile reference warning belt includes an elastic belt body and a tactile reference module fixedly disposed at the front of the elastic belt body. The tactile reference module includes a sealed outer shell, the front wall of which is provided with a transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane, and the inner side of the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane forms a reference airbag cavity. A pear-shaped contrast airbag is disposed inside the sealed outer shell, and the reference airbag cavity is connected to the pear-shaped contrast airbag through a high flow resistance capillary damping tube. A pressure regulating button assembly is disposed on the sealed outer shell, and the lower end of the pressure regulating button assembly is connected to a miniature piston pump mechanism for adjusting the pressure inside the reference airbag cavity. The transmission mechanism of the mechanical status indicator is in contact with the outer wall of the pear-shaped contrast airbag.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-strength composite belt is composed of an outer webbing base layer and an inner airbag encapsulation layer, with the main pressurized airbag formed between the webbing base layer and the airbag encapsulation layer; one end of the webbing base layer is provided with a male end buckle assembly, and the other end of the webbing base layer is provided with a female end webbing loop for the male end buckle assembly to pass through and lock.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the integrated accordion-style air pump is sealed to the outer surface of the airbag encapsulation layer; the integrated accordion-style air pump includes multiple continuous pleated bellows units; the mechanical safety pressure valve includes a valve body, a valve core, and a calibration spring, and the tail of the valve core is connected to a jumping sound plate and a resistance cam.

[0013] Furthermore, the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator includes a sensing diaphragm, a connecting rod, and a bicolor indicator slider. The sensing diaphragm is connected to the main pressurization airbag, and the sensing diaphragm is connected to the bicolor indicator slider through the connecting rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the high flow resistance capillary damping tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the pear-shaped contrast airbag connection port; the volume of the pear-shaped contrast airbag is larger than the volume of the reference airbag cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressure regulating button assembly has multiple function positions: pressing to inflate, pulling up and rotating followed by pressing to evacuate, and opening the normally closed atmospheric balance valve.

[0016] Furthermore, the mechanical status indicator is a pointer dial, and the pointer of the pointer dial is connected to the outer wall of the pear-shaped contrast airbag through a flexible transmission mechanism. The quick-connect buckle includes a female buckle disposed on the side of the quick-inflation pelvic fixation belt and a male buckle disposed on the side of the tactile reference warning waist belt.

[0017] Furthermore, the operation method of the split pelvic fixation and tactile reference early warning system includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. The operator puts the tactile reference warning belt on the injured person, and simultaneously touches the injured person's abdomen and the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane. The operator adjusts the hardness of the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane by operating the pressure adjustment button assembly so that its tactile sensation matches the initial tactile sensation of the abdomen, thus completing the baseline setting.

[0019] S2. Wrap the rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt around and fix it to the patient's pelvic area. Inflate the main pressurization airbag by pressing the integrated accordion-type air pump until the mechanical safety pressure valve sends a feedback signal and the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator shows that the pressure has entered the treatment zone.

[0020] S3. Connect the tactile reference warning waist belt to the quick-inflating pelvic fixation belt via the quick-connect buckle;

[0021] S4. During the transfer, the operator periodically and simultaneously palpates the patient's current abdomen and the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane, and uses the difference in the feel of the two to provide early warning of changes in abdominal tension.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] This invention integrates quantitative fixation and objective early warning for battlefield pelvic fractures by incorporating a mechanical pelvic fixation belt that can be used independently or quickly combined with a tactile reference warning belt. This fundamentally solves the clinical problems of uncontrollable fixation pressure and unreliable manual palpation in traditional methods. Through an integrated mechanical safety pressure valve and diaphragm pressure indicator, it achieves visible and controllable safe pressure fixation for the first time in frontline emergency care, effectively avoiding the risks of blind pressure application. More importantly, the innovatively proposed tactile reference module based on a parallel damping airway provides an objective and stable mechanical "memory scale" for abdominal tension monitoring. This allows any rescuer to reliably identify early signs of intra-abdominal hypertension through simple tactile comparison, thus achieving effective early warning of the insidious killer, abdominal compartment syndrome. The entire system's all-mechanical, power-free design endows it with excellent battlefield adaptability, ease of operation, and high reliability, significantly improving the quality of on-site treatment and transport monitoring for patients with severe pelvic fractures, and providing key technical equipment support for reducing mortality.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall assembly structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the overall assembly structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Front view of the overall structure of the rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt;

[0030] Figure 5 Side view of the overall structure of the rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt;

[0031] Figure 6 A diagram showing the overall structure of a rapid-inflation pelvic fixation belt;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the tactile reference module;

[0033] Figure 8 Side view of the tactile reference warning belt;

[0034] Figure 9 Control logic diagram for a rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt;

[0035] Figure 10 The control logic diagram for the tactile reference warning belt;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a logic diagram for collaborative early warning in a separate system.

[0037] Reference numerals: 1. Quick-inflation pelvic support belt; 105. Starting end; 106. Male end buckle assembly; 107. Ending end; 108. Female end webbing loop; 109. Anti-slip cushioning liner; 110. Integrated accordion-style air pump; 114. Operating pressure plate; 115. Mechanical safety pressure valve; 116. Diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator; 121. Observation window; 124. Two-color indicator slider; 2. Tactile reference warning belt; 201. Elastic belt body; 202. Flannel lining; 203. D-ring adjustment buckle; 204. Velcro hook end. 205. Velcro textured surface; 206. Tactile reference module; 207. ABS plastic top cover; 208. ABS plastic bottom cover; 209. Transparent medical-grade silicone tactile film; 210. Reference airbag cavity; 211. Protective grille; 212. Pear-shaped contrast airbag; 213. High flow resistance capillary damping tube; 214. Medical-grade tee connector; 216. Pressure regulating button assembly; 217. Normally closed atmospheric balance valve; 218. Mechanical status indicator; 219. Dial; 220. ABS plastic pointer; 223. Male snap part; 3. Quick connection buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0039] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0040] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] like Figure 1-11 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a separate pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system. The device consists of two physically independent functional modules that can be reliably combined via quick-connect buckles 3: a rapid-inflation pelvic fixation belt 1 and a tactile reference early warning belt 2. The core function of the rapid-inflation pelvic fixation belt 1 is to provide circumferential, visualized, and pressure-controlled mechanical fixation for patients with pelvic fractures, stabilizing the fracture and controlling bleeding. The core function of the tactile reference early warning belt 2 is to provide an objective and stable mechanical tactile reference for changes in abdominal tension in the patient, thereby achieving early warning of the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome. Working together, the two modules solve the contradictory problem of pelvic fixation and abdominal monitoring in pre-hospital emergency care.

[0042] The quick-inflating pelvic support belt 1 is a long, strip-shaped belt device designed to provide a robust frame to withstand circumferential tension while incorporating an inflatable, pressurized airbag system.

[0043] The load-bearing framework of the entire device is a high-strength composite belt. This high-strength composite belt is not a single material, but rather employs a composite laminated structure. Its outermost layer is a military-grade nylon webbing base layer, a webbing approximately 12 cm wide with extremely high tensile strength. This forms the mechanical basis of the entire fixation belt, responsible for bearing most of the circumferential tension generated when wrapping the pelvis. On the inner side of the military-grade nylon webbing base layer (i.e., the side facing the injured person's body), a polyurethane film airbag encapsulation layer is permanently sealed along the webbing edge using a high-frequency heat-sealing process. The high-frequency heat-sealing parameters are: heat-sealing power 1500W, heat-sealing temperature 180℃, heat-sealing pressure 0.3MPa, heat-sealing holding time 3s, and heat-sealed weld width 5mm. The sealing weld created by the high-frequency heat sealing not only bonds the two layers together, but more importantly, it creates a flat, sealed chamber between the military-grade nylon webbing base layer and the polyurethane film airbag encapsulation layer. This chamber is the main pressurized airbag. Therefore, the main pressurization airbag is not an additional, separate bag, but rather formed directly from the inner layer structure of the composite belt. This integrated design greatly improves reliability and reduces volume. The polyurethane film, with its excellent flexibility, tensile strength, and airtightness, is an ideal material for constructing the main pressurization airbag wall.

[0044] To securely fasten the rapid-inflation pelvic fixation strap 1 around the casualty's pelvis, mechanical locking mechanisms are installed at both ends of the high-strength composite strap. At the starting end 105 of the military-grade nylon webbing base layer, i.e., one end of the strap, a male end buckle assembly 106 is securely riveted and fixed by several strong hollow rivets. The male end buckle assembly 106 is typically injection-molded from engineering plastic and includes a plug with a self-locking spring tongue. At the ending end 107 of the military-grade nylon webbing base layer, i.e., the other end of the strap, the process does not involve a simple cut. Instead, the webbing is folded back a certain length (e.g., 15 cm) and then reinforced with multiple rows of high-strength parallel stitches using 0.3 mm diameter nylon high-strength thread with a stitch length of 3 mm and four rows of parallel stitches, forming a very strong and smooth female end webbing loop 108. In use, after wrapping the strap around the pelvis, the female webbing loop 108 of the end 107 is passed through the buckle of the male buckle assembly 106 of the starting end 105. Then, the plug of the male buckle assembly 106 is inserted into the female webbing loop 108 and pulled tightly. The spring tongue on the plug will automatically lock, thus completing a quick and reliable mechanical fixation. This combination of buckle and webbing loop allows for a wide range of size adjustments and extremely high locking force.

[0045] On the inner surface of the main pressurization airbag, the side that directly contacts the injured person's body or through clothing, a non-slip cushioning liner 109 is applied. The non-slip cushioning liner 109 is typically made of microporous foamed silicone material and is fully adhered to the polyurethane film airbag encapsulation layer using medical-grade pressure-sensitive adhesive. The surface of the non-slip cushioning liner 109 is not smooth but is designed with evenly distributed tiny hemispherical protrusions. These hemispherical protrusions have a diameter of 1.5mm ± 0.2mm, a distribution density of 25 protrusions / cm², and a height of 1mm ± 0.1mm. These protrusions serve two important functions: first, they significantly increase the static friction between the liner and the injured person's clothing or skin, preventing the entire fixation strap from slipping or twisting after pressurization or when the injured person's position changes, ensuring that the fixation position remains at the critical anatomical location at the level of the greater trochanter of the pelvis; second, the silicone material itself has good elasticity, which can disperse the pressure applied by the main pressurization airbag, avoiding excessive local pressure and thus cushioning and protecting the skin.

[0046] The inflation function of the rapid-inflation pelvic support belt 1 is achieved by an integrated accordion-style air pump 110 integrated on its outer surface. The integrated accordion-style air pump 110 is typically manufactured from thermoplastic elastomer through a one-time blow molding process. Its shape resembles a small accordion, containing multiple consecutive foldable bellows units, with a total of 6 bellows units, and a single press inflation volume of 8mL ± 1mL. This pump body is not simply hung on the belt body, but rather permanently sealed to the polyurethane film airbag encapsulation layer on the outer center of the high-strength composite belt body via a wide, flat annular welded edge at its bottom using a high-frequency heat sealing process. After welding, pre-set micro-vent holes inside the annular welded edge connect the internal chamber of the accordion-style air pump 110 to the interior of the main pressurizing airbag. A silicone duckbill-shaped one-way air inlet valve is embedded in the center of the top of the outermost bellows unit (referred to as unit E) of the accordion-style air pump 110. The valve's structural feature is that when the pump body is pressed by hand, the pressure inside unit E increases, and the two lips of the duckbill valve are pressed tightly closed to prevent backflow of gas. When the hand is released, unit E rebounds due to the elasticity of its material, creating a negative pressure inside. The external air pressure then pushes open the lips of the duckbill valve, drawing air into the pump. To prevent battlefield contaminants such as liquids (water, blood) and sand from entering the system through the air inlet valve, an ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane is adhered to the outside of the silicone duckbill-type one-way air inlet valve. This ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane has a pore size of 0.2 μm, a thickness of 50 μm, and a permeability ≥5 L / (min·cm²). This membrane allows air to pass freely but effectively blocks liquid water and micron-sized particles, ensuring the system's reliability in harsh environments. To improve the efficiency and feel of pressing, and to protect the pump body, a rigid operating plate 114 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic covers the outer surface of the E unit of the accordion-type air pump 110. The four corners of the operating plate 114 are simultaneously riveted to the pump body surface and the underlying military-grade nylon webbing base layer using semi-circular head rivets. This allows the force to be evenly distributed throughout the pump body when the rescuer presses the operating plate 114, achieving efficient inflation.

[0047] To ensure the pressure within the main inflator is controlled within a safe and effective treatment range (neither too low to be ineffective nor too high to cause damage), the rapid-inflation pelvic fixation belt 1 integrates a crucial mechanical safety pressure valve 115. The mechanical safety pressure valve 115 is a separate precision mechanical component connected to the main inflator via a metal valve seat pre-embedded in the belt body. The metal valve seat is a circular metal piece with internal threads and a flanged edge. This flange is pre-encapsulated and fixed between the military-grade nylon webbing base layer and the polyurethane film airbag encapsulation layer during high-frequency heat sealing of the composite belt, and communicates with the air passage of the main inflator to ensure airtightness. The brass valve body of the mechanical safety pressure valve 115, through a precision external thread machined at its front end, screws into the internal thread of the metal valve seat, achieving detachable fixation and sealing. The core of the valve body consists of a stainless steel valve core, a calibration helical compression spring, and a linkage feedback mechanism. The calibration helical compression spring has a stiffness coefficient of 5 N / mm and a preload of 3 N. The preload of the calibrated spiral compression spring can be finely calibrated by rotating the adjusting screw at the tail of the valve body, thereby setting a precise safe pressure threshold (e.g., corresponding to a clinical pressure of 60 mmHg, which is the upper limit of safe pressure for external fixation of pelvic fractures and a well-known clinical emergency standard threshold). When the rescuer continuously presses the accordion-style air pump 110, causing the pressure inside the main pressurization bag to rise and reach the preset threshold, the air pressure acts on the conical end face of the valve core, and the resulting force overcomes the preload of the calibrated spiral compression spring, pushing the valve core backward by approximately 1.5 to 2 millimeters. The valve core displacement of 1.5-2 mm and the 60 mmHg pressure threshold are matched through the stiffness coefficient of the calibrated spiral compression spring. The movement of the valve core triggers two parallel and direct physical feedbacks through a valve stem connected to it:

[0048] First, there is auditory feedback: a trigger flange is fixed at the end of the valve stem. When the valve stem moves into position, the trigger flange presses against a carefully designed phosphor bronze pulsating disc. This disc has a calculated dome structure in the center. When the pressure reaches a critical point, the dome undergoes a momentary, unstable elastic flip, producing a very clear and loud "click" sound. This sound is easily identifiable even in noisy environments.

[0049] Secondly, there is tactile feedback: A horizontal rotating shaft is linked to the valve stem, and a nylon resistance cam is fixed on the shaft. When the valve stem moves, causing the shaft to rotate approximately 20 degrees, the protrusion of the resistance cam engages in the limiting groove of the rigid bracket below the operating plate 114, forming a mechanical limit and restricting the pressing stroke of the operating plate 114. This creates direct mechanical interference, so that when the rescuer tries to press the operating plate 114 again, they will feel a sudden increase in resistance, almost making it "impossible to press." This change in "feel" provides a second, clear signal to stop inflation.

[0050] The dual feedback mechanism ensures that rescuers of varying experience levels can accurately determine when the target pressure has been reached. Furthermore, a prominent pressure relief structure is integrated on the side of the mechanical safety pressure valve 115. Pressing this structure directly opens the valve core via an internal connecting rod, allowing the main pressurization bladder to connect with the external atmosphere for rapid and controllable pressure relief, useful in emergencies or during transport and handover.

[0051] To allow rescuers to visually understand the approximate pressure range within the main inflator, rather than relying solely on "endpoint" feedback, a diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116 is installed on the anchor belt. The diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116 is mounted within a rectangular observation window 121 on the high-strength composite belt. The observation window 121 is sealed and bonded to the belt opening by a transparent polycarbonate window shell. Its core is a nickel-titanium alloy sensing diaphragm, which is 0.1 mm thick, has an elastic modulus of 60 GPa, and its deformation displacement linearly corresponds to the airbag pressure as follows:

[0052]

[0053] Displacement change at the center point of the sensing diaphragm, unit: mm

[0054] : Change in pressure inside the main pressurization airbag, unit: mmHg

[0055] : Proportional constant (sensitivity), value is 0.02 mm / mmHg.

[0056] The edge of the sensing diaphragm is pressed against the opening of a small air chamber communicating with the main pressurization airbag by a silicone O-ring, ensuring airtightness. A thin stainless steel connecting rod is connected to the center of the sensing diaphragm via micro-spot welding. The other end of the connecting rod is vertically connected to a bicolor indicator slider 124, the front half of which is green plastic and the rear half is red plastic. The bicolor indicator slider 124 is confined within a precision-machined transverse guide rail and can only slide left and right. On the inner background of the observation window 121, a graduated background plate is fixed, clearly dividing the area into green (representing low pressure, such as <40mmHg), yellow (representing treatment pressure, such as 40-60mmHg; this pressure range is the clinically effective fixation pressure range for pre-hospital emergency treatment of pelvic fractures, achieving pelvic ring closure and hemostasis without causing abdominal or nerve compression damage), and red (representing high pressure, >60mmHg) areas using a silkscreen printing process, each marked with a number. Its working principle is as follows: When the pressure inside the main pressurization airbag changes, the pressure is transmitted to the small air chamber, acting on the nickel-titanium alloy sensing diaphragm, causing it to undergo elastic deformation (bulging outwards when the pressure is high, and concave inwards when the pressure is low). The deformation of the diaphragm causes the stainless steel connecting rod to move laterally, which in turn pushes the dual-color indicator slider 124 to slide in the guide rail. The rescuer can directly see the position of the dual-color indicator slider 124 relative to the colored background board through the observation window 121, thereby understanding the pressure status in real time and intuitively, such as "inflating, entering the yellow zone" or "pressure stable in the middle of the yellow zone".

[0057] To facilitate rapid assembly with the tactile reference warning belt 2, reinforced webbing loops are sewn symmetrically on both sides of the military-grade nylon webbing base layer of the quick-inflating pelvic support belt 1. Each reinforced webbing loop is secured with a female buckle portion of a quick-connecting buckle 3. The quick-connecting buckle 3 has a tensile locking force ≥500N and a lateral pressing force of 15N±3N, meeting the connection stability requirements under bumpy transport conditions. The female buckle portion is a standard, side-press opening type snap-on female seat.

[0058] The tactile reference warning belt 2 is a standalone, lightweight functional module. Its core innovation lies in the internal "mechanical tactile memory" system. This system does not rely on any electronic storage, but uses the principles of fluid dynamics to achieve slow changes in pressure, thereby "remembering" the set initial tactile sensation.

[0059] The main body of the belt is an elastic belt body 201, which consists of an elastic nylon band approximately 8 cm wide, offering a wide range of elastic stretch (e.g., a natural length of 60 cm can be stretched to 100 cm) to accommodate different waist sizes of injured individuals. To enhance wearing comfort, a soft flannel lining 202 is laminated to the inside (skin-contacting side) of the elastic nylon band. The belt is secured with a quick-release buckle design: one end has a D-ring adjustment buckle 203, and the other end has a Velcro hook end 204. When wearing, the Velcro hook end 204 is passed through the D-ring adjustment buckle 203 and then folded back, allowing the Velcro hook to adhere to the Velcro loop 205 covering the outer surface of the elastic belt body 201. This design allows for stepless, quick length adjustment and secure fastening.

[0060] The core functions of the tactile reference warning belt 2 are all integrated into the tactile reference module 206, which is fixed to the center of its front. To securely install this module, a rectangular ABS engineering plastic module mounting plate is sewn onto the outer front surface of the elastic belt body 201 with multiple reinforcing stitches. The tactile reference module 206 is then fastened to this mounting plate with screws.

[0061] The tactile reference module 206 itself is a flat, sealed, box-shaped structure. It is encapsulated by an ABS plastic upper cover 207 and an ABS plastic lower cover 208 using an ultrasonic welding process, ensuring an absolute seal of the internal air passages. The module's function can be broken down into the following interrelated parts:

[0062] Tactile Reference Unit: This is the part that directly interacts with the rescuer's fingers. A circular through-hole is located in the center of the front wall of the module cover 207. A transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane 209, approximately 35 mm in diameter, 1 mm thick, and with a Shore A10 hardness (ultra-soft), covers this hole. The edge of the tactile membrane 209 is tightly sealed by an annular compression groove formed when the upper cover 207 and lower cover 208 are closed, along with a silicone O-ring. This creates a sealed reference airbag cavity 210 inside the tactile membrane 209, with a very small volume of approximately a few milliliters. To protect the soft tactile membrane 209 from scratches, a thin PC plastic protective grille 211 with densely packed small holes is also clipped onto its exterior. The grille has almost no impact on the tactile sensation of the fingers.

[0063] Parallel damping airflow system (the physical core for achieving "tactile memory"): The system contains two air bladders: one is the aforementioned reference air bladder chamber 210, and the other is an independently designed pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212. The pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212 is made of natural latex with a tensile strength ≥15MPa and an airtight leakage rate <0.05mL / h. The pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212 is typically made of natural latex, and its free-state volume is designed to be 3 to 5 times the volume of the reference air bladder chamber 210 (e.g., 20 ml to 5 ml). Crucially, the reference air bladder chamber 210 and the pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212 are not directly connected through a large hole, but rather linked together by an extremely precise high-flow-resistance capillary damping tube 213. This capillary damping tube 213 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) material, with a very small inner diameter (e.g., 0.30 mm ± 0.01 mm) and a relatively long length (e.g., 150.0 mm ± 0.5 mm). Its inner wall is extremely smooth. The gas medium in this device is air at room temperature and pressure, with a dynamic viscosity μ = 1.81 × 10⁻⁶. -5 Pa·s, based on Poiseuille's law formula for calculating flow resistance:

[0064]

[0065] Fluid resistance (flow resistance), unit: Pa·s / m 3

[0066] Dynamic viscosity of a fluid, unit: Pa·s; here, air is taken as... =1.81×10 -5 Pa·s

[0067] Length of the capillary tube, in mm; here L = 150.0 ± 0.5 mm

[0068] : Inner radius of the capillary, unit: mm; here the inner diameter is 0.30±0.01mm, therefore the radius r=0.15mm

[0069] Pi is a constant value, approximately equal to 3.14159.

[0070] The calculated flow resistance is f≈1.2×10⁻⁶ 12 Pa·s / m³; combining the volume ratio of the reference airbag 210 (5 mL) and the pear-shaped comparison airbag 212 (20 mL), the system time constant τ = 240 s was calculated using a first-order fluid response model. According to Poiseuille's law:

[0071] Time constant of a first-order system, in seconds. Determines how quickly pressure equilibrium is reached.

[0072] Equivalent air resistance, unit: Pa·s / m 3 This is determined by Poiseuille's law.

[0073] Based on the airbag cavity volume, 5 mL was used in this study.

[0074] : For comparison of airbag volume, 20 mL was used in the article.

[0075] Reference pressure, usually taken as ambient atmospheric pressure, 101325 Pa.

[0076] The flow resistance of fluid flowing in a slender cylindrical tube is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the tube diameter and directly proportional to the tube length. Therefore, this capillary tube with its extremely small inner diameter generates very high gas flow resistance. The reference air bladder cavity 210, the high-resistance capillary damping tube 213, and the pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212 together constitute a "parallel damping air path system." The characteristic of this system is that when a pressure change is applied to the reference air bladder cavity 210 (e.g., by pressing to inflate), due to the obstruction of the high-resistance capillary damping tube 213, the gas flows slowly towards the pear-shaped contrast air bladder 212, and the entire system requires a very long time to reach pressure equilibrium (the time constant τ is very large, with a design value reaching several minutes). This means that after setting the hardness of the tactile membrane 209 (i.e., the pressure Ps inside the reference air bladder cavity 210), in the following short period (e.g., tens of minutes), even with minor external disturbances, the change in Ps is extremely slow, approximately "frozen" or "memorized" of the initial state. If the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of an injured person rises rapidly due to bleeding or other reasons, the abdominal wall tactile membrane S1 will quickly harden. At this time, if the rescuer touches the hardened abdomen and the almost unchanged tactile membrane simultaneously, they will perceive a significant difference in tactile sensation ("scissor difference"), thus providing an early warning. The two ends of the capillary damping tube 213 are connected to the airbag via medical-grade tee connectors 214, and are reinforced and sealed with medical-grade sealant to ensure reliability and airtightness.

[0077] Baseline Pressure Adjustment System: To ensure the hardness of the tactile membrane 209 matches the initial tactile sensation of the wounded soldier's abdomen, a pressure adjustment button assembly 216 is installed on the module. This is a multi-functional mechanical mechanism. The external button head contains a steel ball positioning mechanism, providing a clear three-stage tactile feel and a "click" sound for positioning. In the default middle setting, the internal air passage of the pressure adjustment button assembly 216 is directly connected to the reference airbag cavity 210. The inflation and deflation process does not pass through the high-flow-resistance capillary damping tube 213, ensuring baseline adjustment efficiency. Pressing the button pushes the internal bidirectional piston towards the reference airbag cavity 210, compressing the space in front and injecting a small amount of air into the reference airbag cavity 210, causing the tactile membrane to gradually harden. Pulling the button head upward and rotating it approximately 90 degrees to the first setting switches the internal air passage. Pressing the button at this time causes the bidirectional piston to move in the opposite direction, drawing out a small amount of air from the reference airbag cavity 210, causing the tactile membrane to gradually soften. Pulling the button head upwards and rotating it approximately 180 degrees to the second position will push open the valve stem of a normally closed atmospheric balance valve 217, allowing the reference air chamber 210 to be directly connected to the external atmosphere. This is used to quickly reset the system pressure to the ambient atmospheric pressure so that the setting can be restarted.

[0078] System Status Indicator: To assist rescuers in setting the baseline and understanding the approximate system status, the module also features a mechanical status indicator 218. It is a simple pointer dial 219, printed directly on the transparent observation window inside the module's top cover 207, divided into three sector areas: white (soft), light yellow (medium / baseline), and orange (hard). The ABS plastic pointer 220 weighs 0.5g ± 0.1g, with a rotational damping coefficient ≤ 0.01 N·m·s / rad. The pointer 220 is mounted inside the module via a miniature rotating shaft. A very fine, flexible nylon drive wire is connected to the end of the pointer 220. After passing over a small fixed pulley, the end of the drive wire is adhered to the center point of the outer wall of the pear-shaped contrast airbag 212 using medical adhesive. When the pressure of the entire damping air circuit system changes, the pear-shaped contrast airbag 212 will expand or contract slightly accordingly. This slight deformation is converted into the deflection of the pointer 220 through the pulling of the flexible nylon transmission wire. The deflection of the pointer 220 can roughly reflect the range of system pressure changes, meet the reference requirements of the field baseline setting, and thus roughly indicate the current system pressure range on the dial 219.

[0079] On the symmetrical inner sides of the left and right ends of the elastic waistband body 201, reinforced webbing loops are sewn on each of the reinforced webbing loops. The male buckle part 223 of the quick-connect buckle 3 is fixed on each of the reinforced webbing loops. The male buckle part 223 is a side-pressing buckle male head that is completely matched with the female buckle part and is inserted into the female buckle part of the pelvic fixation belt.

[0080] Implementation steps of this embodiment:

[0081] Step 1: On-site assessment and decision-making (component separation status)

[0082] Paramedics arrive at the scene and conduct an initial assessment of the injured person. If a pelvic fracture is suspected, accompanied by abdominal injury mechanisms or signs (such as abdominal pain or distension), a combined "immobilization + warning" approach is initiated. A rapid-inflation pelvic immobilization belt 1 and a tactile reference warning belt 2 are retrieved from the first-aid kit. At this point, the two are independent of each other.

[0083] Step 2: Setting the tactile reference baseline (Enabling the tactile reference warning belt 2)

[0084] Wearing the belt: Wrap the elastic belt body 201 of the tactile reference warning belt 2 around the back of the injured person from the front, ensuring that the tactile reference module 206 is positioned in the center of the injured person's anterior abdominal wall, at the level of the navel. Tighten the end 204 of the hook and loop fastener of the belt, pass it through the D-shaped adjustment buckle 203, and fold it back to press the hook and loop fastener onto the loop fastener 205. The tightness should be such that two fingers can be easily inserted between the belt and the abdominal wall. This is the general standard for wearing belts in pre-hospital emergency care. Ensure that the tactile reference module 206 can stably fit the abdominal wall, but not too tightly to affect breathing.

[0085] Perception and Setting: This is a crucial step. The rescuer (wearing gloves) uses the pads of their right index and middle fingers to gently palpate the abdominal wall approximately 3-5 cm below the victim's navel, using the constant pressure and standard depth of pre-hospital emergency abdominal palpation. During this time, the rescuer must be fully focused, sensing the initial firmness, elasticity, and resistance during pressure, forming a clear tactile impression in their mind, denoted as S1 (initial abdominal sensation). Almost simultaneously, the rescuer uses the pad of their left thumb to repeatedly press the tactile membrane 209 on the tactile reference module 206 (through the protective grid 211), sensing its current firmness, denoted as S2 (reference membrane sensation).

[0086] Comparison and Adjustment: The rescuer quickly compares S1 and S2 in their mind. If S2 feels softer than S1, the rescuer uses their left thumb to directly press the button head of the pressure adjustment button assembly 216 (default inflation setting). Each press produces a stroke and may produce a slight air intake sound, and the tactile membrane 209 will gradually harden slightly. After several presses, the rescuer uses their right hand to palpate the abdomen at S1 again, while their left hand presses the tactile membrane to feel the new S2, and compares the results. If S2 feels harder than S1, the rescuer uses their left thumb and forefinger to pinch the button head upwards and pull it up. After hearing a "click" sound, the button is rotated clockwise approximately 90 degrees to the de-inflation setting, and then the button is pressed again. At this point, a slight resistance from the de-inflation is felt, and the tactile membrane 209 will soften. This cycle is repeated: "Right hand palpates S1 → Left hand presses and compares S2 → Left hand operates the button to adjust," until the rescuer subjectively determines that the tactile sensation S2 of the tactile membrane 209 has reached the optimal match with the initial tactile sensation S1 of the injured person's abdomen. At this time, observe the mechanical status indicator 218; the pointer 220 should be steadily pointing to the middle of the light yellow "baseline" area.

[0087] Physical essence: The baseline setting is now complete. By inflating and deflating the pressure regulating button assembly 216, we have set a specific internal pressure Ps for the reference airbag cavity 210. This pressure Ps, through the deformation stiffness of the tactile membrane 209, simulates the initial tension state of the wounded soldier's abdomen at this moment (t0). Due to the presence of the high-resistance capillary damping tube 213, the pressure equilibrium time constant τ of the entire damping airway system (reference airbag cavity 210 - capillary tube 213 - pear-shaped comparison airbag 212) is very large. According to the first-order system response model, the pressure change follows the formula:

[0088]

[0089] in:

[0090] The pressure of the system at time t, in Pa or mmHg.

[0091] The final pressure of the system after it reaches steady state, in the same units as above.

[0092] System pressure at the initial moment (t=0), in units as above.

[0093] The base of the natural logarithm is approximately 2.71828.

[0094] Time elapsed, in seconds (s)

[0095] System time constant, unit: seconds; the calculated value in the paper is 240 seconds.

[0096] The above formula is based on the ideal gas law PV=nRT, and its application is premised on temperature fluctuations ≤5℃ and gas leakage <0.1mL / h during the transfer process. Due to the large value of τ (e.g., 240 seconds), the system pressure changes are minimal and the tactile sensation remains essentially constant in a short period of time; if the transfer time exceeds 30 minutes, the tactile reference baseline needs to be recalibrated to ensure monitoring accuracy. Therefore, Ps is "frozen," becoming a stable "tactile memory scale."

[0097] Step 3: Rapid pelvic inflation and fixation (activate rapid inflation pelvic fixation belt 1)

[0098] Placement and Encirclement: Pass the quick-inflating pelvic fixation strap 1 forward from below the patient's lower back and hips, ensuring that the side with the non-slip cushioning liner 109 and the main pressure bladder is against the patient's body. Position the strap precisely at the level of both greater trochanters (the most prominent bony landmarks of the hip), which is the optimal biomechanical fixation position for the pelvic rings.

[0099] Mechanical locking: Pull the end 107 of the high-strength composite belt (the side with the female webbing loop 108) forward, around the starting end 105 on the opposite side, so that the female webbing loop 108 passes through the buckle of the male buckle assembly 106. Then, insert the plug of the male buckle assembly 106 into the female webbing loop 108 and pull the webbing tight until a crisp "click" is heard as the spring tongue inside the plug locks. At this point, the main pressurization airbag has not yet inflated, and the fixing belt only provides preliminary mechanical fixation.

[0100] Inflate to the target treatment pressure: The rescuer uses the heel of one hand to press the operating plate 114 vertically, quickly, and forcefully. After each full press, release completely, allowing the accordion-style air pump 110 to fully rebound under its own elasticity, drawing in air through the silicone duckbill-shaped one-way air intake valve. Simultaneously, the window of the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116 can be observed.

[0101] Initial stage: After pressing several times, the main pressurization airbag begins to inflate, and the dual-color indicator slider 124 moves from the left end of the green area to the right.

[0102] Pressure build-up phase: Continue pressing; the dual-color indicator slider 124 will enter the yellow therapeutic pressure zone. Paramedics can observe its position to determine if the pressure is approaching the target value.

[0103] Goal achieved and double feedback: 9-12 compressions (the number of compressions recommended in standard rescue experience), two clear signals appear almost simultaneously:

[0104] a) Auditory signal: A clear and loud "click" sound is heard from the mechanical safety pressure valve 115. This is the sound of the jumper plate being triggered.

[0105] b) Tactile signal: The palm feels a sudden increase in resistance when pressing the pressure plate 114, making it difficult to continue pressing down. This is the result of mechanical interference caused by the resistance cam rotating into the limit groove.

[0106] These two signals clearly indicate that the pressure inside the main pressure balloon has reached the preset safe treatment threshold (e.g., 60 mmHg). Pressing should be stopped immediately. Finally, glance at the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116 to confirm that the dual-color indicator slider 124 is stable in the middle to rear of the yellow area. The residual pressure of the calibration spiral compression spring of the mechanical safety pressure valve 115 will maintain this threshold pressure to prevent it from dropping excessively; if swelling causes the balloon pressure to exceed the threshold, the valve core will open slightly to release air, providing overpressure protection.

[0107] Step 4: Component Connection

[0108] After pelvic fixation is completed, the two components are immediately connected. Align the male buckle portions 223 on both sides of the tactile reference warning belt 2 with the female buckle portions on both sides of the rapid-inflating pelvic fixation belt 1 and press them together. A locking sound indicates a reliable connection on both sides. This connection is crucial, as it ensures that the tactile reference warning belt 2 remains horizontally fixed relative to the rapid-inflating pelvic fixation belt 1 during subsequent handling, lifting, and transport by vehicle, thus preventing the tactile reference warning belt 2 from sliding up and down or rotating, and ensuring that the tactile membrane 209 is always aligned with the periumbilical area, the standard abdominal pressure monitoring zone.

[0109] Step 5: Periodic tactile monitoring and early warning (core monitoring throughout the transport process)

[0110] The most innovative early warning function of this system is demonstrated here. During the intervals of a smooth transfer (such as when the vehicle is moving smoothly), every 10-15 minutes, or when the injured person complains of worsening abdominal pain, the paramedics shall perform the following actions:

[0111] Stabilize yourself: Rescuers should try to stabilize their body posture while on the transport vehicle.

[0112] Perform simultaneous double palpation:

[0113] With the left thumb, apply constant pressure and depth as set at the baseline, pressing the tactile membrane 209 on the tactile reference module 206, focusing intently on its current hardness and tension (tactile sensation). Due to the "memory" effect of the parallel damping gas path system, when the time since the last baseline setting or adjustment is not long, The changes are extremely slow and can be considered to remain essentially unchanged.

[0114] Using the same pressure and depth as when setting the baseline, the right index and middle fingers palpate the same area of ​​the abdomen below the navel again, feeling its current firmness and tension (tactile sensation). ).

[0115] Early warning interpretation (intuitive judgment based on physical principles):

[0116] Scenario A: Safe, no warning. (Feeling) and The differences are essentially the same, or only very subtle and uncertain. This suggests that the patient's abdominal tension has not increased significantly since the baseline setting. The physical principle is that if there is no rapid bleeding or intestinal distension in the patient's abdominal cavity, their true intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) changes slowly; while the pressure Ps of the reference system changes even more slowly due to the damping effect of the high-resistance capillary damping tube 213. Both maintain a nearly synchronous slow change within the monitoring time window, thus the tactile sensation remains consistent.

[0117] Scenario B: Positive alert, high vigilance required! Tactile assessment Clearly, significantly harder than Combined with the patient's worsening abdominal pain and increased heart rate, this was identified as a high-risk warning sign of intra-abdominal hypertension! The underlying mechanical and physical principle is that the patient may have experienced rapid intra-abdominal bleeding (such as ruptured iliac vessels) or organ edema, causing a rapid increase in true intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) within a short period (several minutes), leading to a rapid increase in abdominal wall tension. (Hardening). However, the pressure Ps within the reference airbag system changes significantly with lag due to the large flow resistance of the high-resistance capillary damping tube 213, resulting in a decrease in the hardness of the tactile membrane 209. The abdominal tension remains stubbornly at a "relatively soft" state, close to previous levels. This tactile "dissociation" or "scissor difference" is an objective, repeatable physical phenomenon. It clearly indicates a progressive and rapid pathological increase in abdominal tension, strongly suggesting the risk of acute colitis (ACS). Formulaically, this can be understood as the rate of change of abdominal tension, d(S1) / dt, being much greater than the rate of change of pressure in the reference system. Because τ is very large, ≈0, thus creating a significant difference in tactile sensation.

[0118] Scenario C: System recalibration. (Feeling) Compare Soft. This may be because the patient's abdominal tension has been relieved due to intravenous fluid administration or sedation, or it may be due to extremely slow leakage (within acceptable limits) from the airbag system. In this case, follow the steps in step two to operate the pressure regulating button assembly 216 and readjust the hardness of the tactile membrane 209 to match the current abdominal tactile sensation. Match and establish a new comparison baseline.

[0119] Emergency Response After Warning: If Situation B (positive warning) occurs, paramedics must immediately initiate emergency procedures:

[0120] Recording and marking: Record the warning time and make a conspicuous mark on the wounded person's injury ticket or sign.

[0121] Quickly reassess vital signs: Immediately check the injured person's heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and level of consciousness to see if there is a trend of progressive deterioration.

[0122] Emergency communication report: Immediately report to the evacuation hospital or command center via radio: "Casualty No. XX has a pelvic fracture, positive tactile warning system, and suspected progressive increase in abdominal pressure. Request priority reception and preparation for emergency exploratory laparotomy or decompression."

[0123] Cautious medical intervention (with remote guidance): A slight reduction in external pelvic pressure may be attempted. Intermittently apply pressure to the pressure relief mechanism integrated into the mechanical safety pressure valve 115 on the rapid-inflation pelvic fixation strap 1, while observing the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116. Release the pressure immediately after the bicolor indicator slider 124 returns to the front of the yellow treatment pressure zone. This aims to slightly reduce external abdominal pressure and may provide a small space for intra-abdominal decompression, but the patient's circulatory status must be closely monitored to prevent rebleeding due to a sudden drop in pressure.

[0124] Step Six: Standard Handover Upon Arrival at the Medical Institution

[0125] Upon arrival at the hospital, paramedics conducted a structured handover to the trauma team:

[0126] Report on fixation status: "Using an inflatable fixation strap with an integrated mechanical pressure limiting valve, the final pressure is locked by the safety valve, the indicator shows the yellow treatment area, X air was added during the process, and the pressure remained stable."

[0127] Report on the early warning situation: "At XX:XX, a tactile reference baseline was set. At XX:XX and XX:XX, a positive tactile separation warning was triggered twice (the abdomen was clearly hardened above the reference membrane)."

[0128] On-site demonstration: The attending physician can personally touch the injured person's abdomen and the tactile membrane 209 of the tactile reference warning belt 2 to feel the difference. The tactile reference warning belt 2 can be removed instantly without interfering with subsequent CT, ultrasound, and other examinations. The rapid-inflation pelvic fixation belt 1 can be removed after imaging examinations are completed or the surgical plan is determined.

[0129] This invention, through a separate, modular, purely mechanical design, creatively integrates quantifiable and controllable pelvic pressure fixation with objective early warning of abdominal tension based on the principle of "damped airway tactile memory." This achieves precise and controllable pelvic fixation pressure and early warning of abdominal tension, improving the pre-hospital treatment and transport monitoring of pelvic fracture patients. Firstly, it completely solves the problem of uncontrollable pressure in traditional pelvic fixation belts. Through the synergy of a mechanical safety pressure valve 115 and a diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator 116, it achieves safe, visualized, and precise pressure application for the first time in a pre-hospital environment. This effectively reduces pelvic volume to control bleeding while completely avoiding the risks of nerve damage caused by excessive pressure. Secondly, its most significant breakthrough lies in the invention of a novel monitoring paradigm: "tactile reference early warning." Utilizing a physical system constructed with high-flow-resistance capillary damping tubes 213, it transforms the dynamic, subjective sensation of "abdominal hardening" into a static, objective "tactile contrast between soft and hardness." This allows any rescuer with minimal training to reliably identify the early, crucial sign of progressively increasing abdominal tension in acute pulmonary hypertension (ACS) even in extreme environments, filling a gap in monitoring abdominal hypertension on battlefields and disaster sites. Finally, the entire system contains no electronic components or power supply, exhibiting extremely high environmental robustness, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and strong weather resistance. All operations are ergonomically designed with large buttons and simple mechanical steps, fully considering extreme constraints such as wearing gloves, darkness, and vibration, thus enhancing the device's reliability and ease of use. This device can significantly improve the success rate of on-site treatment and the quality of transport and monitoring for patients with severe pelvic fractures, effectively reducing mortality. Its innovative design concept and modular configuration also provide new ideas for the development of future battlefield trauma emergency equipment, possessing significant military, social, and economic benefits.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system, characterized in that, It includes a quick-inflating pelvic support belt and a tactile reference warning waist belt, wherein the quick-inflating pelvic support belt and the tactile reference warning waist belt are detachably connected by quick-connect buckles; The rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt includes a high-strength composite belt body. A main pressure airbag is disposed inside the high-strength composite belt body, and an integrated accordion-style air pump is fixedly disposed outside the high-strength composite belt body. The integrated accordion-style air pump is connected to the main pressure airbag through an internal air passage. A mechanical safety pressure valve and a diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator are disposed on the high-strength composite belt body. The air inlet of the mechanical safety pressure valve is connected to the main pressure airbag, and the sensing component of the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator is connected to the main pressure airbag. The tactile reference warning belt includes an elastic belt body and a tactile reference module fixedly disposed at the front of the elastic belt body. The tactile reference module includes a sealed outer shell, the front wall of which is provided with a transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane, and the inner side of the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane forms a reference airbag cavity. A pear-shaped contrast airbag is disposed inside the sealed outer shell, and the reference airbag cavity is connected to the pear-shaped contrast airbag through a high flow resistance capillary damping tube. A pressure regulating button assembly is disposed on the sealed outer shell, and the lower end of the pressure regulating button assembly is connected to a miniature piston pump mechanism for adjusting the pressure inside the reference airbag cavity. The transmission mechanism of the mechanical status indicator is in contact with the outer wall of the pear-shaped contrast airbag.

2. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength composite belt is composed of an outer webbing base layer and an inner airbag encapsulation layer. The main pressurized airbag is formed between the webbing base layer and the airbag encapsulation layer. One end of the webbing base layer is provided with a male end buckle assembly, and the other end of the webbing base layer is provided with a female end webbing loop for the male end buckle assembly to pass through and lock.

3. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the integrated accordion-style air pump is sealed to the outer surface of the airbag encapsulation layer; the integrated accordion-style air pump includes multiple continuous pleated bellows units; the mechanical safety pressure valve includes a valve body, a valve core and a calibration spring, and the tail of the valve core is connected to a jumping sound plate and a resistance cam.

4. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator includes a sensing diaphragm, a connecting rod, and a bicolor indicator slider. The sensing diaphragm is connected to the main pressurization airbag, and the sensing diaphragm is connected to the bicolor indicator slider through the connecting rod.

5. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the high flow resistance capillary damping tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the pear-shaped contrast airbag connection port; the volume of the pear-shaped contrast airbag is larger than the volume of the reference airbag cavity.

6. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating button assembly has multiple function positions: press to inflate, pull up and rotate then press to evacuate, and open the normally closed atmospheric balance valve.

7. The detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical status indicator is a pointer dial, and the pointer of the pointer dial is connected to the outer wall of the pear-shaped contrast airbag through a flexible transmission mechanism. The quick connection buckle includes a female buckle set on the side of the quick-inflation pelvic fixation belt and a male buckle set on the side of the tactile reference warning waist belt.

8. A method for operating a detachable pelvic fixation belt and tactile reference warning system, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The operator puts the tactile reference warning belt on the injured person, and simultaneously touches the injured person's abdomen and the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane. The operator adjusts the hardness of the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane by operating the pressure adjustment button assembly so that its tactile sensation matches the initial tactile sensation of the abdomen, thus completing the baseline setting. S2. Wrap the rapid inflatable pelvic fixation belt around and fix it to the patient's pelvic area. Inflate the main pressurization airbag by pressing the integrated accordion-type air pump until the mechanical safety pressure valve sends a feedback signal and the diaphragm-type mechanical pressure indicator shows that the pressure has entered the treatment zone. S3. Connect the tactile reference warning waist belt to the quick-inflating pelvic fixation belt via the quick-connect buckle; S4. During the transfer, the operator periodically and simultaneously palpates the patient's current abdomen and the transparent medical-grade silicone tactile membrane, and uses the difference in the feel of the two to provide early warning of changes in abdominal tension.

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