Catalytic purification device and method for precisely controlling pressure to force penetration of nanogap

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of catalytic purification device and control method of accurate pressure control forced penetration nanometer gap, belong to normal temperature nanometer catalytic air purification technical field.The device core includes the accurate pressure control device of cooperative cooperation, catalytic material piece and sealing pressure maintaining structure, sealing pressure maintaining structure blocks air bypass path, so that catalytic material piece becomes the only air inlet passage of external air into pressure maintaining inner cavity;Accurate pressure control device is designed for catalytic material piece nanometer gap penetration pressure drop, can output greater than penetration pressure drop Pressure forced airflow penetration nanometer gap, simultaneously regulate airflow speed to interval adapted to catalytic reaction, ensure that air has sufficient catalytic reaction residence time in catalytic material piece inside;Catalytic material piece is 2-8mm thick deep impregnated type modified normal temperature nanometer catalytic cotton sheet, and catalyst is uniformly loaded in the whole pore of cotton sheet.The present application can use positive pressure air supply, negative pressure suction Two implementation forms, improve the actual effective efficiency of civil normal temperature catalytic purification from 10% to 15% to more than 95%, simple structure, low power consumption, easy miniaturization and batch production, adapt to multiple scene air purification application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air purification technology, and in particular relates to a room temperature nano-catalytic air purification device and control method, which can be applied to the catalytic purification of formaldehyde and TVOC gaseous pollutants in vehicle and residential indoor settings. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of civilian air purification, the mainstream HEPA filtration and activated carbon adsorption technologies have inherent defects such as easy adsorption saturation, secondary pollution, and the need for frequent replacement of consumables. Photocatalytic purification technology relies on ultraviolet light and has extremely low catalytic efficiency in the weak light or no light conditions of conventional civilian environments. None of the above technologies can achieve long-term consumable-free decomposition of gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde and TVOC.

[0003] The current civilian room temperature catalytic air purification device is the closest existing technology to this invention. Its core uses room temperature nano-catalytic materials as purification components. Air is driven by a fan to flow through the catalytic materials to purify pollutants. It has the technical potential to decompose formaldehyde and TVOC at room temperature.

[0004] Room-temperature nanocatalytic materials possess the core advantages of decomposing formaldehyde and TVOC at room temperature without loss or consumables. Their intrinsic catalytic performance has been fully confirmed by publicly available research: He Xiaoyun et al. (2021) published "Performance and Mechanism Analysis of MnOx / HZSM-5 Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature" in Materials Engineering, confirming that room-temperature nanocatalytic materials can decompose formaldehyde without loss, with a removal rate of ≥ 90% after dynamic testing for 1020 min; Sun Yanjuan's team from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (2025) published an article in Environmental Science & Technology demonstrating that δ-MnO2 completely converts formaldehyde at room temperature, and the single-pass conversion efficiency under forced penetration conditions in the laboratory reaches more than 98%, demonstrating extremely strong pollutant purification capabilities.

[0005] However, in practical engineering applications of civilian air purification devices, the actual purification effect of this type of catalytic material differs by orders of magnitude from its laboratory performance. Ren Quanming et al. (2024) "Research Progress in Indoor Volatile Organic Pollutant Purification Technology" (Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue) and the University of Connecticut research team (2019) "The Viability of Photocatalysis for Air Purification" (PMC) both confirm that commercially available civilian room-temperature catalytic air purification devices suffer from serious airflow bypass and insufficient air residence time due to a lack of precise coordinated control of pressure and airflow velocity, resulting in an actual effective catalytic conversion efficiency of only 10%–15%. Their main core defects are as follows: Without a reliable sealing and pressure-holding structure, there are a large number of bypass leakage paths for air, making it impossible to establish an effective pressure-holding environment. Air only flows along the material surface and bypass paths, unable to enter the internal nano gaps of the catalytic material, and unable to fully contact the catalytic active sites. There is no precise pressure control device tailored to the penetration pressure drop of the nano gaps in the catalyst material. General control devices cannot accurately adjust the wind pressure and airflow speed, cannot generate wind pressure that can penetrate the nano gaps inside the catalyst material, and cannot control the reasonable catalytic time for air to pass through the catalyst material. Without precise coordinated control logic of pressure and airflow speed, blindly pursuing high air volume and high air speed can not guarantee air penetration through nano gaps, and also leads to insufficient air residence time inside the material and incomplete catalytic reaction, ultimately resulting in extremely low actual effective catalytic conversion efficiency. Forced airflow penetration catalytic technology in the industrial field is only suitable for large-scale, high-temperature, and high-power exhaust gas treatment equipment. It cannot be directly transferred to micro-sized, room-temperature, and low-power civilian scenarios, nor can it meet the integration and reliability requirements of automotive scenarios.

[0006] Industry research largely focuses on optimizing catalytic material formulations, with less emphasis on systematically addressing the aforementioned issues from the core level of matching sealing and pressure-maintaining structures with precise pressure control devices. This has resulted in a very low application rate of room-temperature catalytic technology in the civilian air purification market, with filtration and adsorption technologies still dominating the automotive air purification field. There is an urgent need for a complete solution that can realize the civilian application of the intrinsic efficiency of room-temperature nanocatalytic materials while adapting to the needs of multiple application scenarios.

[0007] 1. He Xiaoyun, Li Jianchang, Hao Jianjun, et al. Performance and mechanism analysis of formaldehyde oxidation catalytic oxidation by MnOx / HZSM-5 at room temperature [J]. Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(10):152-159. DOI:10.11868 / j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000461. 2. LYU CC, SUN YJ, WANG Y, et al. Dynamic Evolution of Mn–O Siteand ROS Formation in Room-Temperature Formaldehyde Oxidation over Phase-Dependent MnO2[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2025,59(22):10345-10354. DOI:10.1021 / acs.est.5c08739. 3. Ren Quanming, Zhang Hai, Tang Shihao, et al. Research progress on indoor volatile organic pollutant purification technology [J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2024, 42(3):308-312,317. DOI:10.16369 / j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2024.03.026. 4. OLLIS DF, PICHAT P. The Viability of Photocatalysis for AirPurification [J]. Molecules, 2018,23 (12):3277. PMC No.: PMC6272289. DOI:10.3390 / molecules23123277. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention addresses the core shortcomings of existing civilian room-temperature catalytic purification technologies and solves the technical pain points of integration into vehicle scenarios. It enables the civilian application of the intrinsic efficiency of room-temperature nanocatalytic materials and achieves full adaptability to multiple scenarios. Specifically, it solves the following technical problems: This addresses the problem that existing products lack a reliable sealing and pressure-holding structure, leading to air bypass leakage and backflow, making it impossible to establish an effective pressure-holding environment and preventing air from penetrating the catalyst material components in a directional manner; This addresses the problem that existing products lack a precise pressure control device tailored to the penetration pressure drop of nano-gap in catalytic material components, resulting in insufficient pressure that prevents air from effectively penetrating the internal nano-gap of the catalytic material components and thus failing to make sufficient contact with the catalytic active sites; This addresses the problem that existing products lack pressure and airflow velocity control logic designed specifically for room-temperature catalytic materials, resulting in an incomplete catalytic reaction due to the inability to match a reasonable airflow velocity with sufficient catalytic reaction residence time; This addresses the problem of low utilization rate of room-temperature nanocatalytic materials in existing technologies, which prevents the commercial application of the intrinsic catalytic efficiency of these materials.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a catalytic purification device for precise pressure control and penetration of nano-gap, comprising a precise pressure control device, a catalytic material component, and a sealing and pressure-maintaining structure, which work together to form an inseparable technical whole, enabling forced air penetration of the nano-gap of the catalytic material component and completion of a full catalytic reaction; the sealing and pressure-maintaining structure works in conjunction with the precise pressure control device to establish a stable pressure-maintaining environment and block all bypass and leakage paths of air, making the catalytic material component the only air intake channel for external air to enter the pressure-maintaining inner cavity; the precise pressure control device is specially designed to adapt to the penetration pressure drop of the nano-gap of the catalytic material component, and can achieve coordinated matching control of pressure and airflow velocity, with its output pressure always greater than the penetration pressure drop of the nano-gap of the catalytic material component, ensuring that the air has sufficient residence time for catalytic reaction inside the catalytic material component.

[0010] The precise pressure control device includes two implementation modes: positive pressure air supply and negative pressure suction. It has no limitations on installation location or application scenario and can be flexibly deployed according to actual needs. The positive pressure air supply mode is suitable for small spaces such as vehicles and desktops, while the negative pressure suction mode is suitable for large spaces in homes and can also be miniaturized for vehicle use. The preset range for adapting to the catalytic reaction is a surface wind speed range of 0.01–0.3 m / s, matching the thickness of the catalytic material.

[0011] ● Catalytic material components: Catalytic cotton sheets made of 2-8 mm thick, deeply impregnated modified room-temperature nanocatalytic material. 2-3 mm is suitable for automotive and low-power scenarios, 5-8 mm is suitable for large indoor spaces or high-pollution scenarios, and 3-5 mm can be used for general scenarios. The catalyst is uniformly loaded in all the pores of the cotton sheet, rather than being sprayed on the surface. It has nanoscale pores and high-density catalytic active sites, which can catalyze the long-term decomposition of gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde and TVOC under room temperature and no light conditions. The material structure can be cut according to layout requirements to meet miniaturization and automotive-grade vibration resistance design requirements. ● Precision Pressure Control Device: Specifically designed to adapt to the nano-gap penetration pressure drop of catalytic materials, the core achieves coordinated control of pressure and airflow velocity. It features low power consumption and can be adapted to vehicle 12V power supply, civilian 220V, USB 5V and other power supply systems to meet the requirements of multiple application scenarios. It can be adapted to vehicle-mounted air source and external air source devices through the adapter structure, and can achieve coordinated control of pressure and airflow velocity without additional modification to the core structure. ● Sealed and pressure-holding structure: Used to block all air bypass paths, prevent pressure release, and establish a stable pressure-holding environment. The structure is simple in design and can be adapted to various layouts of catalytic material components. It is easy to miniaturize and can be adapted to the installation layout requirements of various scenarios such as vehicles, desktops, and homes, meeting the requirements of automotive-grade vibration resistance and high reliability.

[0012] The sealing and pressure-maintaining structure is a sealing assembly adapted to the layout of the catalytic material component: the connection between the catalytic material component and the constrained air duct housing sealed by the side wall is doubly sealed, making the catalytic material component the only channel for external air to enter the inner cavity; the sealing assembly can be flexibly set according to the layout of the catalytic material component, without fixed shape restrictions, only needing to ensure that there is no air bypass leakage path; the precise pressure control device ensures that polluted air can penetrate the catalytic material and fully complete the catalytic purification reaction by adjusting the air speed and air pressure in the air duct; no additional air speed control module is required, the structure is extremely simple and easy to assemble; the miniaturized version can be adapted to the vehicle's 12V power supply system, meeting automotive-grade low power consumption requirements. Vibration resistance requirements.

[0013] The sealing and pressure-maintaining structure is a sealing component adapted to the layout of the catalytic material component. It features a double airtight seal at the connection between the catalytic material component and the hollow inner cavity skeleton, making the catalytic material component the only channel for external air to enter the inner cavity. The sealing component can be flexibly set according to the layout of the catalytic material component, without fixed shape restrictions, as long as there is no air bypass leakage path. The precise pressure control device is a built-in negative pressure generation module that can precisely adjust the negative pressure value in the cavity, so that a stable pressure difference is formed between the cavity and the outside. The penetrating wind pressure and airflow velocity are directly controlled by the negative pressure value, without the need for an additional wind speed control module. The structure is extremely simple and easy to assemble. The miniaturized version can be adapted to the vehicle's 12V power supply system, meeting the automotive-grade requirements for low power consumption and vibration resistance. Airflow path: After the negative pressure generation module is activated, external air penetrates the catalytic material component from the outside to the inside under the drive of the pressure difference, without any bypass channels, and completes catalytic purification after full contact with the catalytic active sites.

[0014] (1) This invention, through the coordinated customized design of three core components—a sealed pressure-maintaining structure, a precise pressure control device, and a catalytic material component—ensures that air can effectively penetrate the nano-gap of the catalytic material component and fully contact the internal catalytic sites, while also ensuring sufficient residence time for the catalytic reaction. This makes the catalytic conversion efficiency close to the optimal level in the laboratory, increasing the actual effective efficiency of civilian room temperature catalytic purification from 10% to 15% to over 95%, thus realizing the civilian application of the intrinsic efficiency of room temperature nano-catalytic materials. (2) By sealing and pressurizing the structure, air bypass leakage is eliminated from the structure, and the core design of "catalytic material component is the only channel for air to enter the inner cavity" is locked. This solves the problem of insufficient catalytic reaction caused by unreasonable pressure and airflow speed in existing products. The core structure is compatible with automotive-grade requirements and can be adapted to vehicle power supply system and installation layout requirements. The problem of insufficient catalytic reaction is addressed by a core structure that meets automotive-grade requirements and is compatible with vehicle power supply systems and installation layout needs. (3) The overall structure is simple, low power consumption and low cost. It is also compatible with miniaturization and large-scale design requirements, and can meet the installation layout requirements of multiple scenarios such as vehicle, desktop and home, and is suitable for industrial mass production. (4) The catalyst material adopts a structure of uniformly loaded catalyst in all channels rather than surface spraying. The utilization rate of catalytic active sites is high. It can catalytically decompose formaldehyde and TVOC under normal temperature and no light conditions. There is no consumption of consumables and no secondary pollution, which meets the long-term needs of civil air purification. (5) It has two pressure control modes: positive pressure air supply and negative pressure suction. It can be flexibly arranged according to the application scenario and has strong adaptability.

[0015] The wind pressure and airflow speed can be independently adjusted, making the adjustment and operation convenient and the pressure control accuracy easy to control, which is suitable for miniaturization and portability needs of vehicle and desktop applications. The structure is miniaturized, lightweight, and vibration-resistant, meeting the core requirements of automotive-grade standards, and mass production is easy and quick to implement. With its outstanding low power consumption, it can be matched with vehicle-mounted solutions using 2-3 mm thick catalytic material components to achieve all-weather operation without increasing the original vehicle's power load. It can significantly reduce the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in a small 3 m³ vehicle space within 3-5 minutes, quickly achieving full-area purification.

[0016] It can achieve radial full-domain air penetration of the catalytic material component, and all effective surfaces of the catalytic material component are in full contact with polluted air, which significantly improves the purification speed per unit time and unit volume. By directly controlling the wind pressure and airflow speed through negative pressure value, no additional wind speed control module is needed. The structure is extremely simple and the assembly is more convenient, which can significantly reduce the production and manufacturing costs. The negative pressure field is established more stably, the pressure holding effect is better, and the pollutant conversion efficiency is consistently above 95%, enabling long-term purification without consumables. The catalytic material components have a flexible layout and can be adapted to various forms such as circumferential wrapping and 360° full-area wrapping. The structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the installation space. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the positive pressure air supply type catalytic purification device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure suction type catalytic purification device of the present invention.

[0018] The component names corresponding to the labels in the attached drawings are as follows: 1-Lower cover (air inlet) 2-Wind pressure and wind speed control device 3-Sealed sidewall confined air duct housing 4-Catalyst material component 5-Upper cover (exhaust port) 6-Enclosed (semi-enclosed) outer shell (air inlet) 7-Lower end of hollow inner cavity skeleton 8-Upper end of hollow inner cavity skeleton 9-Negative pressure generation module Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can implement the present invention without creative effort based on the description in this specification. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. The specific values ​​in the embodiments are only examples and do not constitute a limitation on the technical features of the present invention.

[0020] The precise pressure control device in this embodiment employs a wind pressure and wind speed control device; the sealed pressure-maintaining structure uses a side-wall-sealed main constraint air duct shell; the catalytic purification core uses catalytic material components; the wind pressure and wind speed control device is a specially customized design for a deeply impregnated modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheet, which can achieve independent dual precise control of wind pressure and airflow speed; the side-wall-sealed main constraint air duct shell is made of lightweight flame-retardant material, and the catalytic material component is placed at the upper end of the side-wall-sealed main constraint air duct shell. The edge of the catalytic material component and the shell contact point are sealed to achieve airtight treatment, ensuring that the internal nano-gap of the catalytic material component is the only airflow channel, establishing a stable positive pressure maintaining environment; the shell structure is miniaturized and lightweight, and can be flexibly adapted to vehicle-mounted and desktop installation layouts; the catalytic material component is a 2-8 mm thick, non-surface-sprayed, catalyst-deeply impregnated, and uniformly loaded modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheet. The thickness is 2-3 mm for vehicle-mounted and low-power scenarios, and 3-5 mm can be used for general scenarios.

[0021] The wind pressure and airflow speed are controlled independently and precisely by a wind pressure and airflow speed control device. (1) The output air pressure of the control device is always greater than the penetration pressure drop of the nano gap of the catalyst material, so as to ensure that the air is forced to penetrate the internal nano gap of the catalyst material under positive pressure and pressure maintenance environment, and fully contact the catalytic active site; (2) Adjust the output airflow velocity of the device to the appropriate range. ● 2-3 mm thick catalyst material components, suitable for surface wind velocities of 0.1-0.3 m / s; ● 3-5 mm thick catalytic material components, suitable for surface wind velocities of 0.03-0.25 m / s; ● 5-8 mm thick catalytic material components, suitable for surface wind velocities of 0.01-0.03 m / s; Avoid excessively high wind speeds that could lead to insufficient reaction, and avoid excessively low wind speeds that could result in inadequate overall purification efficiency.

[0022] When the device is running, air is driven by the air pressure and wind speed control device under sealed and pressure-preserving conditions. It enters the main body constrained air duct shell with the side wall sealed through the lower cover / air inlet. It penetrates the internal nano gaps of the catalytic material in a frontal direction and fully contacts the catalytic active sites to complete the catalytic reaction. The purified air is discharged through the upper cover / exhaust port. There is no bypass flow path throughout the process.

[0023] The device in this embodiment features a miniaturized, lightweight, and vibration-resistant structure, meeting automotive-grade core requirements. It boasts outstanding low power consumption and can be flexibly adapted to in-vehicle and desktop installation layouts, resulting in low mass production difficulty and a short cycle time. Based on the publicly available formaldehyde catalytic reaction kinetic parameters of high-performance room-temperature nanocatalyst materials, combined with the ≥95% catalyst utilization rate achieved by the forced penetration structure of this device, and calculations based on the pollutant degradation model specified in the national standard GB / T 18801-2022 "Air Purifiers": - For small in-vehicle spaces of 3 m³, a miniaturized device with 2-3 mm thick preferred catalytic material components, an effective catalytic area of ​​188.4 cm², and an adaptable surface wind speed of 0.1-0.3 m / s can significantly reduce the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in the vehicle after running for 3-5 minutes, and achieve a formaldehyde and TVOC removal rate of over 95% after running for 15-20 minutes, allowing occupants to quickly feel the improvement in air quality; - For typical 30 m³ home environments, a scaled-up device with 3-5 mm thick catalytic material components can achieve a formaldehyde and TVOC removal rate of over 95% within 30-40 minutes. This device features a minimalist structure, easy assembly, no dead zones in air pressure, and can be flexibly adapted to different airflow and space purification needs through size scaling.

[0024] The precise pressure control device in this embodiment uses a negative pressure generation module, and the sealing and pressure-maintaining structure uses an adaptive catalytic converter. The sealing process of the material component layout; the catalytic core is composed of catalytic material components, hollow inner cavity skeleton and negative pressure generation module, with the air inlet located on the outer shell and the air outlet located on the upper cover; The negative pressure generation module is specially designed for 2-8 mm thick deep-impregnated modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheets. The miniaturized vehicle version is compatible with 2-3 mm thick catalytic cotton sheets, while the indoor large-space version is compatible with 5-8 mm thick catalytic cotton sheets. It has a built-in negative pressure pump that can precisely adjust the negative pressure, and the penetration wind pressure and airflow speed can be directly controlled through the negative pressure value. The structure is extremely simple and easy to assemble. The miniaturized version can be adapted to the vehicle's 12V power supply system, meeting the requirements of automotive-grade low power consumption and vibration resistance. The catalyst material is a modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheet with a thickness of 2-8 mm, non-surface spraying, deep catalyst impregnation, and uniform loading throughout the pores. The thickness is 2-3 mm for vehicle-mounted scenarios, 5-8 mm for large indoor spaces, and 3-5 mm for general scenarios. The catalyst material and the hollow inner cavity skeleton work together to achieve full-area sealing. The specific process is as follows: the catalyst material is tightly wrapped around the outside of the hollow inner cavity skeleton, and the contact edges are filled with a resin adhesive layer to achieve airtight connection. The circumferential direction is constrained by self-locking cable ties to achieve physical limitation. The upper and lower ends are locally compacted and sealed by the pressing structure of the lower end of the hollow inner cavity skeleton and the upper end of the hollow inner cavity skeleton with the cover, making the catalyst material the only channel for external air to enter the inner cavity. The hollow inner cavity skeleton, which wraps the catalyst material, is coaxially assembled into the outer shell with vent holes all around. An exhaust port is set at the top of the device. The overall structure can be adjusted for large-scale or miniaturization according to the application scenario.

[0025] The negative pressure value of the inner cavity is precisely adjusted by the negative pressure generation module (9) so that the cavity and the external environment form a stable pressure difference. This pressure difference directly determines the air penetration pressure and airflow speed, realizing the direct linkage control of air pressure and airflow speed. The negative pressure value is adjusted so that the penetration pressure is always greater than the penetration pressure drop of the nano gap of the catalyst material, while the airflow speed is in the appropriate range to ensure sufficient reaction residence time.

[0026] When the device is running, the negative pressure generation module is activated, forming a stable negative pressure field inside the sealed inner cavity that encloses the catalytic material component. Driven by the negative pressure field, external polluted air enters through the outer shell, penetrates the catalytic material component which is the only air intake channel, and enters the inner cavity. During the penetration process, the air fully contacts the active sites on the inner and outer surfaces of the catalytic material component and completes the catalytic reaction. The purified air is discharged through the top cover / exhaust port (5).

[0027] The device in this embodiment features a minimalist structure and easy assembly, eliminating dead zones caused by air pressure. The catalytic material components can be arranged in a 360° circumferential wrapping pattern to maximize the effective catalytic contact area, significantly improving material utilization and adapting to purification needs in various scenarios, including vehicles and homes. Based on the publicly available kinetic parameters of formaldehyde catalytic reaction using high-performance room-temperature nanocatalytic materials, combined with the ≥95% catalyst utilization rate resulting from the forced penetration structure of this device, and calculations based on the pollutant degradation model specified in the national standard GB / T 18801-2022 "Air Purifiers": - For small in-vehicle spaces of 3 m³, a miniaturized device with 2-3 mm thick preferred catalytic material components is matched. With a larger effective catalytic contact area, the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in the vehicle can be significantly reduced in 2-4 minutes, and the removal rate of formaldehyde and TVOC can reach more than 95% in 10-15 minutes. The purification speed is better than that of positive pressure solutions of the same volume. - For a typical 30 m³ home room, the household model with 2-3 mm thick catalytic material can achieve a formaldehyde and TVOC removal rate of over 95% in 20-30 minutes; the deep purification model with 5-8 mm thick catalytic material can achieve the same purification effect in 25-35 minutes, meeting the needs of rapid and deep purification in large spaces.

[0028] This device consumes no consumables, causes no secondary pollution, and is highly adaptable to industrial mass production. It can flexibly adapt to the space constraints of different scenarios such as vehicles, homes, or high-pollution environments, providing differentiated technical solutions for different car models. At the same time, it can be quickly launched into the market as an aftermarket vehicle product.

Claims

1. A catalytic purification device for precise pressure control and forced penetration of nano-gap, comprising a catalytic material component and an airflow driving device, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing and pressure-maintaining structure; the sealing and pressure-maintaining structure, in conjunction with the airflow driving device and the catalytic material component, establishes a stable pressure-maintaining environment, blocks all bypass and leakage paths of air, and makes the catalytic material component the only air intake channel for external air to enter the pressure-maintaining inner cavity; the catalytic material component is a 2-8 mm thick, deeply impregnated modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheet, with the catalyst uniformly loaded in all pores of the cotton sheet, and has nanoscale pore gaps inside; the airflow driving device is a precision pressure control device customized to adapt to the penetration pressure drop of the nano gaps of the catalytic material component. The precision pressure control device can achieve coordinated matching control of pressure and airflow velocity, and its output pressure is always greater than the penetration pressure drop of the nano gaps of the catalytic material component, so as to force air to penetrate the nano gaps of the catalytic material component. At the same time, it can adjust the face velocity of the airflow to the catalytic reaction adaptation range of 0.01-0.3 m / s, ensuring that the air has sufficient residence time for catalytic reaction inside the catalytic material component; the precision pressure control device includes two structural forms: positive pressure air supply type and negative pressure suction type.

2. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the catalytic material is 2-3 mm.

3. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the catalytic material is 5-8 mm.

4. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the catalytic material is 3-5 mm.

5. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precise pressure control device is connected to the vehicle's own air source or an external air source device through a conversion structure. The conversion structure, together with the sealing and pressure-maintaining structure and the catalytic material component, achieves coordinated matching control of pressure and airflow speed.

6. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precise pressure control device is a positive pressure air supply type air pressure and wind speed control device, and the sealing and pressure-maintaining structure is a main body constrained air duct shell with sealed side walls; the main body constrained air duct shell with sealed side walls is arranged around the circumference of the catalyst material component, and the circumferential edge of the catalyst material component is airtightly fitted with the upper end of the main body constrained air duct shell, sealing the bypass gap between the circumference of the catalyst material component and the shell; the air pressure and wind speed control device can realize independent dual precise control of air pressure and airflow speed, driving air to penetrate the catalyst material component in a frontal and directional manner under sealed constraint.

7. The catalytic purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precise pressure control device is a negative pressure generation module of the negative pressure suction type. The sealing and pressure-maintaining structure includes a sealing component that cooperates with the catalytic material component and the hollow inner cavity skeleton. The catalytic material component is wrapped or partially wrapped around the hollow inner cavity skeleton. The sealing component performs airtight sealing treatment on the contact edge between the catalytic material component and the hollow inner cavity skeleton, making the catalytic material component the only air intake channel for external air to enter the inner cavity. The negative pressure generation module can precisely adjust the negative pressure value of the inner cavity to form a stable pressure difference between the inner cavity and the external environment. By linking the negative pressure value, the penetrating wind pressure and airflow velocity are controlled to drive external air to penetrate the catalytic material component from the outside to the inside.

8. The catalytic purification device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes a resin adhesive layer, a circumferential self-locking cable tie, and upper and lower limiting covers. The resin adhesive layer fills the contact edge between the catalytic material component and the hollow skeleton of the inner cavity to achieve a sealed connection. The circumferential self-locking cable tie surrounds the catalytic material component and tightens it circumferentially for sealing. The upper and lower limiting covers are respectively pressed onto the upper and lower ends of the catalytic material component to achieve a compacted seal at the connection.

9. The catalytic purification device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A hollowed-out skeleton containing catalytic material components is coaxially assembled within a shell that is either enclosed or partially enclosed and has ventilation holes.

10. A method for precise pressure control and forced penetration of nano-gap catalytic purification, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 employs a sealed pressure-maintaining structure to block all air bypass paths, establishing a stable pressure-maintaining environment, making the catalytic material component the only air intake channel for external air to enter the pressure-maintaining inner cavity; the catalytic material component is a 2-8 mm thick, catalyst-deeply impregnated, uniformly loaded, non-surface-sprayed modified room-temperature nano-catalytic cotton sheet; S2 uses a precision pressure control device customized for the penetration pressure drop of the nano-gap of the catalytic material component to drive the airflow; S3 performs coordinated matching control of pressure and airflow velocity through the precision pressure control device: the output pressure is always greater than the penetration pressure drop of the nano-gap of the catalytic material component, forcing air to penetrate the nano-gap, while the airflow surface velocity is adjusted to the catalytic reaction adaptation range of 0.01-0.3 m / s, so that the air completes catalytic purification during the penetration process.

11. The catalytic purification control method according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the precise pressure control device adopts positive pressure air supply mode, the wind pressure and airflow speed are independently and precisely controlled by the wind pressure and airflow speed control device, driving the air to penetrate the catalytic material component in a forward direction; when the precise pressure control device adopts negative pressure suction mode, the negative pressure generation module adjusts the negative pressure value of the inner cavity to form a stable pressure difference, realizing the linkage control of wind pressure and airflow speed, driving the external air to penetrate the catalytic material component from the outside to the inside.

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