A mineral separation method and apparatus for improved separation efficiency

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mineral separation, and particularly relates to a mineral separation method and device for improving separation efficiency. The method separates different minerals to a first position and a second position by air injection. For the transition zone between the first position and the second position, the driving force is insufficient, and the broken ore and small-particle broken ore that fails to reach the first position and the second position are separated, including: the broken ore and small-particle broken ore falling on the arc-shaped scoop of the transition zone, the transition zone's broken ore being held by a certain degree of rotation of the arc-shaped scoop, and the small-particle broken ore falling along the holes on the arc-shaped scoop; when the arc-shaped scoop continues to move, only the selected large-particle broken ore is left in the arc-shaped scoop, and at this time, one end of the arc-shaped scoop rises to make it inclined, and the large-particle broken ore can slide along the arc to the second position, thereby effectively separating the mixed broken ore in the transition zone and improving the separation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral sorting technology, specifically a mineral sorting method and apparatus for improving sorting efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, many mineral sorting processes are carried out through intelligent machine sorting. The mined ore is first crushed and processed, and then conveyed to XRT equipment via a conveyor belt. Using X-ray technology, the internal characteristics of the raw ore are observed. Then, according to the customer's needs, the ore is classified by a pre-set AI algorithm. Finally, an air gun blows the ore onto the corresponding conveyor belt to complete the sorting.

[0003] However, when the high-speed air gun sprays air, it is very likely that small particles around the selected mineral will be blown in along with the selected large particles due to gas diffusion, resulting in a decrease in sorting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mineral sorting method and apparatus that improves sorting efficiency, enabling further screening of mixed target minerals and non-target minerals and improving the collection effect, thereby solving the problem of low sorting efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a mineral sorting method to improve sorting efficiency, which separates different minerals to a first position and a second position by air jetting; and sorts crushed ore and small-particle crushed ore that fail to reach the first and second positions due to insufficient driving force in the transition zone between the first and second positions, including: Crushed ore and small-particle crushed ore fall onto the arc-shaped scooping plate in the transition zone. The arc-shaped scooping plate rotates to a certain extent, catching the crushed ore in the transition zone. With the vibration of the arc-shaped scooping plate, the small-particle crushed ore continues to fall through the holes on the arc-shaped scooping plate. As the curved scoop plate continues to move, only the selected large-particle gravel remains in the curved scoop plate. At this time, one end of the curved scoop plate rises and tilts, allowing the large-particle gravel to slide along the curve to the second position.

[0006] This invention sets up a transition zone in the sorting process. By setting up an arc-shaped scooping plate and a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism continuously reciprocates and vibrates during the movement. Finally, it drives one side of the arc-shaped scooping plate to vibrate continuously, causing the mixed gravel inside to vibrate. This causes the small particles of gravel that are not selected to fall through the drain hole. When the slider moves to the highest point, the arc-shaped scooping plate rotates, discharging the remaining large particles of gravel to the selected zone. This effectively sorts the mixed gravel in the transition zone and improves the sorting efficiency.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the method also includes distributing the falling small particles of crushed stone. The arc-shaped scoop plate moves synchronously with the distributing mechanism. When the distributing mechanism moves to the first state, the small particles of crushed stone first pass through the obstruction of the distributing mechanism, and a small portion of the crushed stone is separated and falls to the edge, while the majority of the remaining crushed stone is still gathered in the middle. When the distributing mechanism moves to the second state, the small particles of crushed stone falling in the middle are concentrated and guided to the other side of the third position to accumulate.

[0008] This invention, by setting up a material distribution mechanism and having the material distribution mechanism move synchronously with the driving mechanism of the arc-shaped scooping plate, facilitates the collection trough of the sorting box to accommodate more gravel. Through different positions of the material distribution mechanism, the falling gravel is first blocked, and a small portion of the gravel is separated and falls to one side of the sorting box to accumulate, while the rest gathers in the middle. The gravel falling in the middle is concentrated and guided to accumulate on the other side of the middle trough, so that the gravel in the collection trough is collected in three areas, achieving a leveling effect and effectively improving the collection efficiency.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention also proposes a mineral sorting device to improve sorting efficiency, including a sorting box. A pair of separating components are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box. The first separating component is close to the conveyor belt. A sorting transition mechanism is provided between the first separating component and the second separating component. The sorting transition mechanism includes an arc-shaped scooping plate and a driving component. The arc-shaped scooping plate has several holes. One side of the arc-shaped scooping plate is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box. The holes are located at the upper edge of the second separating component. The other side of the arc-shaped scooping plate is connected to the driving component. The driving component moves up and down, causing the arc-shaped scooping plate to rotate and vibrate. The first separating component is provided with an air jet component. The air jet nozzle of the air jet component faces obliquely upward. The ore conveyed by the conveyor belt is separated by the airflow to different positions of the separating component. The arc-shaped scooping plate sorts the crushed ore and small particles on it.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, it further includes a material distribution mechanism located below the sorting transition mechanism, the material distribution mechanism being connected to the drive mechanism of the sorting transition mechanism; the material distribution mechanism includes a vertical plate located at the bottom of the drive mechanism, the side wall of the vertical plate slidingly abutting against the inner side wall of the sorting box, a bent inclined rod fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate, a rotating plate slidingly abutting against the upper side of the bent inclined rod, the top of the rotating plate being rotatably connected to the material distribution frame, and the end of the material distribution frame being located on the second separating component.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the driving component includes: a slider, the end of which is fixedly connected to a pointed rod via a sleeve plate, and the slider is also slidably connected to a groove on the side wall of the sorting box; a counterweight is fixedly connected to one side of the slider, and a groove plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the slider; a sliding column is movably connected to the inner side of the groove plate, and the end of the sliding column is connected to the other side of the arc-shaped scooping plate. The drive motor has its output end penetrating the protective shell on the outer wall of the sorting box and connected to the spiral disc. The outer wall of the spiral disc has several grooves at equal intervals, and the bottom of the pointed rod slides against the outer wall of the spiral disc.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the protective shell is provided with a slot, the sleeve is slidably connected to the slot by a locking block, the bottom of the slider abuts against a pressing plate, and the pressing plate is elastically connected to the bottom of the groove.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, a sealing plate is fixedly attached to the top edge of the slider, the sealing plate slides against the inner side wall of the sorting box, and the size of the sealing plate is larger than the size of the chute.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped scoop plate is provided with a plurality of equidistant leakage holes, which are configured as a combination of single-hole grooves and circular-hole grooves.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the side of the arc-shaped scoop plate away from the slide column is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box, and the drain hole is located at the upper edge of the second separating component.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the conveyor belt is located on the side wall of the sorting box, a detector is located in the middle of the conveyor belt, and an X-ray machine is located above the conveyor belt, with the X-ray machine and the detector located on the same axis.

[0017] The first separating component includes a first separating block and a first guide plate, and the second separating component includes a second separating block and a second guide plate. The first separating block and the second separating block are located in the inner cavity of the sorting box, and the sorted ore falls outside the first separating block and between the first separating block and the second separating block.

[0018] The first partition block is provided with a first guide plate at its top, and the second partition block is provided with a second guide plate at its top; the end of the first guide plate is close to the conveyor belt, and a jet component is fixedly connected to the middle of the first guide plate, with the jet nozzle of the jet component facing obliquely upward. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the structural fit between the first guide plate and the conveyor belt in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural fit between the sorting box and the protective shell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural fit between the elbow diagonal bar and the rotating plate according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural fit between the slot plate and the slider according to one embodiment of the present invention; In the picture: 100. Sorting box; 200. Conveyor belt; 300. Detector; 400. X-ray machine; 500. First guide plate; 600. Second guide plate; 700. First separator block; 800. Sorting transition mechanism; 810. Air exhaust gun; 820. Arc-shaped scoop plate; 830. Leakage hole; 840. Counterweight block; 850. Protective shell; 860. Drive motor; 870. Spiral disc; 880. Slider; 890. Sleeve plate; 8100. Pointed rod; 8110. Clamping block; 8120. Sealing plate; 8130. Slide groove; 8140. Extrusion plate; 8150. Groove; 8160. Slot plate; 8170. Sliding column; 900. Material distribution mechanism; 910. Material distribution frame; 920. Rotating plate; 930. Vertical plate; 940. Bend diagonal bar; 1000. Second separator block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this embodiment do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two elements. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "horizontal," and "vertical" are used only relative to the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. These directional terms are relative concepts used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In existing technologies, such as the photoelectric beneficiation and separation process for phosphate ore, the screened ore is transported to the photoelectric separator via a belt conveyor. X-rays are used to inspect the ore and identify the materials. Each piece of ore is identified using X-rays, and data is collected by a detector. Intelligent algorithms are used to distinguish between ore and waste rock. After identification by the photoelectric separator, a high-speed air jet precisely strikes the ore to separate the concentrate from the tailings, thus completing the photoelectric beneficiation of the phosphate ore. In the screening process of the raw phosphate ore, the raw ore is crushed and vibrated to obtain ore particles larger than 50mm, which are then crushed again. Ore particles of 20 to 50mm are sent to the photoelectric separator for photoelectric sorting. However, when the high-speed air jet sprays air, the device may blow in small phosphate particles from the surrounding area of ​​the selected phosphate ore due to gas diffusion, mixing them with the larger phosphate particles and reducing the separation efficiency.

[0023] It is evident that during air blowing, there may be insufficient driving force for larger crushed ores, preventing them from reaching their designated positions. Furthermore, during the air jetting process, surrounding smaller crushed ores may also be blown up simultaneously, causing the selected and unselected ores to mix and ultimately fall together into the intermediate trough.

[0024] Furthermore, in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention propose a mineral sorting method to improve sorting efficiency, which separates different minerals to a first position and a second position by air jetting; for crushed ore and small-particle crushed ore that fail to reach the first and second positions due to insufficient driving force in the transition zone between the first and second positions, the method includes: Crushed ore and small-particle crushed ore fall onto the arc-shaped scooping plate in the transition zone. The arc-shaped scooping plate rotates to a certain extent, catching the crushed ore in the transition zone. With the vibration of the arc-shaped scooping plate, the small-particle crushed ore continues to fall through the holes on the arc-shaped scooping plate. As the curved scoop plate continues to move, only the selected large-particle gravel remains in the curved scoop plate. At this time, one end of the curved scoop plate rises and tilts, allowing the large-particle gravel to slide along the curve to the second position.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, a transition zone is set in the sorting process. By setting an arc-shaped scooping plate and a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism continuously reciprocates and vibrates during the movement. Finally, it drives one side of the arc-shaped scooping plate to vibrate continuously, causing the mixed gravel inside to vibrate. This causes the small gravel particles that are not selected to fall through the drain hole. When the slider moves to the highest point, the arc-shaped scooping plate rotates, discharging the remaining large gravel particles to the selected zone. This effectively sorts the mixed gravel in the transition zone and improves the sorting efficiency.

[0026] The yield and recovery rate of the apparatus in this embodiment of the invention depend on the grade and particle size distribution of the phosphate rock being processed, for example: concentrate yield: for Medium- to low-grade phosphate rock with a grade of 18%-22% can be obtained through X-ray separation. Concentrate product with a grade of 22%-30% and a yield of 65%-75%. Recovery rate: The recovery rate can reach 80%-91%.

[0027] As one implementation method, it also includes distributing the falling small particles of gravel. The arc-shaped scoop plate moves synchronously with the distributing mechanism. When the distributing mechanism moves to the first state, the small particles of gravel first pass through the obstruction of the distributing mechanism, and a small portion of the gravel is separated and falls to the edge, while the majority of the gravel is still gathered in the middle. When the distributing mechanism moves to the second state, the small particles of gravel falling in the middle are concentrated and guided to accumulate on the other side.

[0028] By setting up a material distribution mechanism, and having the material distribution mechanism move synchronously with the drive mechanism of the arc-shaped scooping plate, the collection trough of the sorting box can accommodate more gravel. Through different positions of the material distribution mechanism, the falling gravel is first blocked, and a small portion of the gravel is separated and falls to one side of the sorting box to accumulate, while the rest gathers in the middle. The gravel falling in the middle is concentrated and guided to the other side of the middle trough to accumulate, so that the collection trough is divided into three areas to collect gravel, achieving a leveling effect and effectively improving the collection efficiency.

[0029] Secondly, this invention also proposes a mineral sorting device to improve sorting efficiency, including a sorting box. A pair of separating components are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box. The first separating component is close to the conveyor belt. A sorting transition mechanism is provided between the first separating component and the second separating component. The sorting transition mechanism includes an arc-shaped scooping plate and a driving component. The arc-shaped scooping plate has several holes. One side of the arc-shaped scooping plate is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box. The holes are located at the upper edge of the second separating component. The other side of the arc-shaped scooping plate is connected to the driving component. The driving component moves up and down, causing the arc-shaped scooping plate to rotate and vibrate. The first separating component is provided with an air jet component. The air jet nozzle of the air jet component faces obliquely upward. The ore conveyed by the conveyor belt is separated by the airflow to different positions of the separating component. The arc-shaped scooping plate sorts the crushed ore and small particles on it.

[0030] By introducing a sorting transition mechanism, not only is the flexibility of the equipment improved, but the sorting accuracy is also effectively enhanced. In the first state, the arc-shaped scoop plate catches the crushed stone in the transition zone, and vibration causes unselected small particles to continue falling through the drain holes. In the second state, the inclined state of the arc-shaped scoop plate allows larger crushed stone to slide smoothly to the second position and enter the side trough of the sorting box for collection. This improves the sorting efficiency of mixed crushed stone, ensuring that large particles are effectively separated while small particles are smoothly discharged.

[0031] As one embodiment, it also includes a material distribution mechanism located below the sorting transition mechanism. The material distribution mechanism is connected to the drive mechanism of the sorting transition mechanism. The material distribution mechanism includes a vertical plate located at the bottom of the drive mechanism. The side wall of the vertical plate slides against the inner side wall of the sorting box. A bent inclined rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical plate. A rotating plate slides against the upper side of the bent inclined rod. The top of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the material distribution frame. The end of the material distribution frame is located on the second partition component.

[0032] The side wall of the vertical plate slides against the inner side wall of the sorting box, and the size of the vertical plate is larger than the size of the chute.

[0033] With the setting of the material distribution frame, the falling gravel is first blocked by the material distribution frame. A small portion of the gravel falls to one side of the sorting box and accumulates, while the rest gathers in the middle. During the up and down movement of the drive mechanism, the bottom vertical plate can also move synchronously. When the bent diagonal bar moves upward, it squeezes and rotates the rotating plate, causing it to rotate from a nearly vertical direction to a horizontal direction. This concentrates the gravel falling in the middle and guides it to accumulate on the other side of the middle trough, so that the gravel in the collection trough is collected in three areas, achieving a leveling effect and effectively improving the storage effect.

[0034] The vertical movement of the vertical plate drives the inclined elbow to move synchronously. When the inclined elbow is at the bottom, the edge of the sorting box's central trough blocks some of the gravel, causing it to gradually concentrate in the center of the trough. When the inclined elbow moves upward, the rotating plate is compressed, changing its position and causing the falling gravel to accumulate on the other side. This design allows the central trough to be evenly filled with gravel in three zones, significantly improving the gravel collection efficiency.

[0035] In one embodiment, the driving component includes: a slider, the end of which is fixedly connected to a pointed rod via a sleeve plate, and the slider is also slidably connected to a groove on the side wall of the sorting box; a counterweight is fixedly connected to one side of the slider, and a groove plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the slider; a sliding column is movably connected to the inner side of the groove plate, and the end of the sliding column is connected to the other side of the arc-shaped scooping plate.

[0036] The drive motor has its output end penetrating the protective shell on the outer wall of the sorting box and connected to the spiral disc. The outer wall of the spiral disc has several grooves at equal intervals, and the bottom of the pointed rod slides against the outer wall of the spiral disc.

[0037] As a core component, the sorting box has a sliding groove on its side wall, which is slidably connected to the slider, allowing the slider to move freely inside the sorting box.

[0038] The end of the slider is fixedly connected to the pointed rod through a sleeve plate. The movement of the pointed rod can effectively guide the ore sorting process. In addition, the sorting transition mechanism is connected to the material distribution mechanism. Through the movement of the slider, the detected ore can accurately enter the collection tank of the sorting box, realizing efficient classification and management.

[0039] After the drive motor is started, the spiral disc rotates and drives the pointed rod to continuously squeeze upward. When the pointed rod reaches the farthest radius position, it falls back to the smaller radius due to gravity, thus realizing the cyclic motion.

[0040] Furthermore, the sorting transition mechanism is connected to the material distribution mechanism. Through the movement of the slider, the tested ore can accurately enter the collection trough of the sorting box, achieving efficient classification and management. The cooperation of each component ensures the smoothness and efficiency of the entire sorting process.

[0041] Meanwhile, the design of the counterweight ensures that the weight on both sides of the slider is relatively balanced, reducing the wear rate.

[0042] This invention introduces a sorting transition mechanism. After the sorting start drive motor is activated, the rotating spiral disc continuously compresses the pointed rod until it reaches the farthest radius of the spiral disc. Under the influence of gravity, it falls back to the smaller radius of the spiral disc, and this process repeats continuously. Combined with the groove design, the pointed rod drives the slider to slide back and forth within the groove, vibrating continuously during this process. Finally, it causes one side of the arc-shaped scoop plate to vibrate continuously, causing the mixed gravel held inside to vibrate. This causes the smaller, unselected gravel particles to fall through the drain holes. When the slider reaches its highest point, the arc-shaped scoop plate rotates, discharging the remaining larger gravel particles towards the selected area, thereby effectively sorting the mixed gravel in the transition zone and improving sorting efficiency.

[0043] This series of movements causes the pointed rod to reciprocate continuously on the surface of the spiral disc, driving the slider to move synchronously and accompanied by continuous vibration. A grooved plate is installed on the side wall of the slider, connected to an arc-shaped scoop plate via a sliding column. When the slider vibrates, one side of the arc-shaped scoop plate also moves accordingly. This design not only improves the flexibility of the equipment but also effectively enhances the sorting accuracy. When the slider descends to the bottom, the arc-shaped scoop plate catches the gravel in the transition zone, and the vibration causes unselected small particles to continue falling through the drain holes. Conversely, when the slider reaches its highest point, the tilted state of the arc-shaped scoop plate allows larger gravel to slide smoothly towards the second guide plate and enter the side trough of the sorting box for collection. This improves the sorting efficiency of mixed gravel, ensuring that large particles are effectively separated while small particles are smoothly discharged.

[0044] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the protective shell has a slot, and the sleeve plate is slidably connected to the slot via a locking block. The bottom of the slider abuts against a pressing plate, which is elastically connected to the bottom of the slide groove. When the pointed rod falls, the slider vibrates, and one side of the arc-shaped scooping plate moves accordingly. The elastic connection of the pressing plate helps to mitigate the vibration and provides cushioning.

[0045] In one embodiment, a sealing plate is fixed to the top edge of the slider. The sealing plate slides against the inner wall of the sorting box, and the size of the sealing plate is larger than the size of the chute. To ensure the service life of the equipment, the chute is shielded by the sealing plate and vertical plate to prevent dust from entering the protective housing.

[0046] In one embodiment, the arc-shaped guide plate is provided with a plurality of equidistant drainage holes, which are configured as a combination of single-hole slots and circular slots. This allows for the full drainage of smaller fragments and a small portion of medium-sized fragments, while retaining only the larger fragments, i.e., the concentrate that was likely not blown onto the second guide plate due to its weight.

[0047] In one embodiment, the arc-shaped scooping plate is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box on the side away from the sliding column, and the drain hole is located at the upper edge of the second separating component. When the slider descends to the bottom, the arc-shaped scooping plate can catch the gravel in the transition zone and cause unselected small particles to continue falling through the drain hole through vibration. Conversely, when the slider reaches the highest point, the tilted state of the arc-shaped scooping plate allows larger gravel to slide smoothly towards the second guide plate.

[0048] In one embodiment, a conveyor belt is disposed on the side wall of the sorting box, a detector is disposed in the middle of the conveyor belt, and an X-ray instrument is disposed above the conveyor belt, with the X-ray instrument and the detector located on the same axis.

[0049] The first separating component includes a first separating block and a first guide plate, and the second separating component includes a second separating block and a second guide plate. The first separating block and the second separating block are located in the inner cavity of the sorting box, and the sorted ore falls outside the first separating block and between the first separating block and the second separating block.

[0050] The first partition block is provided with a first guide plate at its top, and the second partition block is provided with a second guide plate at its top; the end of the first guide plate is close to the conveyor belt, and a jet component is fixedly connected to the middle of the first guide plate, with the jet nozzle of the jet component facing obliquely upward.

[0051] The conveyor belt can be positioned on one side of the sorting box, with an X-ray machine and detector mounted above it. Both work along the same axis to achieve real-time detection and analysis of the ore. A partition block separates the internal space of the sorting box, with the first and second guide plates located on top of the partition block, working together to promote the diversion of the ore. Mineral fragments are evenly transported to the detector area via the conveyor belt. The X-ray machine detects the structure of the raw ore material, and then the fragments fall in an arc-shaped parabola through the first guide plate to the middle trough of the sorting box for collection. During this process, the air exhaust gun body located in the middle of the first guide plate sprays compressed gas from the corresponding nozzle according to the detected ore position. This causes the falling fragments to be driven by an upward force in the air, thus turning them and achieving a secondary parabolic fall, falling onto the second guide plate and entering the side trough of the sorting box for collection.

[0052] X-ray machines, detectors, jet components, etc. are all existing devices, and the working process of the above devices can be set by those skilled in the art according to the ore conditions and separation needs.

[0053] To further illustrate the present invention, the following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a mineral sorting method and apparatus for improving sorting efficiency provided by the present invention.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment is a phosphate rock sorting device, including a sorting box 100, a sorting transition mechanism 800 and a material distribution mechanism 900.

[0055] The side wall of the sorting box 100 is provided with a conveyor belt 200, the middle of the conveyor belt 200 is provided with a detector 300, and the X-ray instrument 400 is provided above the conveyor belt 200. The X-ray instrument 400 and the detector 300 are located on the same axis. A pair of partition components are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box 100.

[0056] The first separating component includes a first separating block 700 and a first guide plate 500, and the second separating component includes a second separating block 1000 and a second guide plate 600. The first separating block 700 and the second separating block 1000 are fixed to the inner cavity of the sorting box 100.

[0057] A first guide plate 500 is fixedly connected to the top of the first partition block 700, and a second guide plate 600 is fixedly connected to the top of the second partition block 1000; the end of the first guide plate 500 is close to the conveyor belt 200, and an air nozzle 810 is fixedly connected to the middle of it, with the nozzle of the air nozzle 810 facing obliquely upwards. Figure 1 , 2 As shown.

[0058] The sorting transition mechanism 800 is located on the sorting box 100; wherein, the sorting transition mechanism 800 includes a slide groove 8130 formed in the side wall of the sorting box 100, a slider 880 is slidably connected to the sorting box 100 through the slide groove 8130, and a pointed rod 8100 is fixedly connected to the end of the slider 880 through a sleeve plate 890, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown.

[0059] At the same time, such as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the sorting transition mechanism 800 also includes a protective shell 850 fixed to the outer wall of the sorting box 100. A drive motor 860 is inherently located on the side wall of the protective shell 850. The output end of the drive motor 860 penetrates the protective shell 850, and a screw disc 870 is fixedly connected to the output end. Figure 5 , 6As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the outer wall of the spiral disk 870 has several grooves 8150 evenly spaced, and the bottom of the pointed rod 8100 slides against the outer wall of the spiral disk 870; the inner wall of the protective shell 850 has a slot, and the sleeve plate 890 is slidably connected to the slot through the locking block 8110; the bottom of the slider 880 abuts against the pressing plate 8140, and the pressing plate 8140 is elastically connected to the bottom of the sliding groove 8130; a sealing plate 8120 is fixedly connected to the top edge of the slider 880, and the sealing plate 8120 slides... The sliding block 880 is movably abutted against the inner wall of the sorting box 100, and the size of the sealing plate 8120 is larger than the size of the chute 8130; a counterweight 840 is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block 880, and a groove plate 8160 is fixedly connected to the other side of the sliding block 880; a sliding column 8170 is movably connected to the inner side of the groove plate 8160, and an arc-shaped scooping plate 820 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding column 8170. Several perforated holes 830 are evenly spaced on the arc-shaped scooping plate 820, and the perforated holes 830 are configured as alternating single-hole slots and circular slots, such as... Figure 9 As shown; the side of the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 away from the sliding column 8170 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box 100, the drain hole 830 is located at the upper edge of the second guide plate 600, and the air gun 810 is fixedly connected to the middle of the first guide plate 500, with the air nozzle of the air gun 810 facing obliquely upward.

[0060] The material distribution mechanism 900 is connected to the sorting transition mechanism 800. For example... Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the material distribution mechanism 900 includes a vertical plate 930 fixed to the bottom of the slider 880. The side wall of the vertical plate 930 slides against the inner side wall of the sorting box 100, and the size of the vertical plate 930 is larger than the size of the chute 8130. A bent inclined rod 940 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical plate 930, and a rotating plate 920 slides against the upper side of the bent inclined rod 940. A material distribution frame 910 is provided below the second guide plate 600. The end of the material distribution frame 910 is fixed to the separator block 700, and the top of the rotating plate 920 is rotatably connected to the edge of the material distribution frame 910.

[0061] In this embodiment, the sorting box 100 is the core component, and its side wall is provided with a sliding groove 8130, which is slidably connected to the slider 880, allowing the slider 880 to move freely within the sorting box 100. The end of the slider 880 is fixedly connected to the pointed rod 8100 through a sleeve plate 890, and the movement of the pointed rod 8100 can effectively guide the ore sorting process. At the same time, the conveyor belt 200 is located on one side of the sorting box 100, and an X-ray instrument 400 and a detector 300 are arranged above it. Both work along the same axis to realize real-time detection and analysis of the ore.

[0062] The separator 700 divides the internal space of the sorting box 100. The first guide plate 500 and the second guide plate 600 are located on the top of the separator 700, and work together with the air exhaust gun 810, the sorting transition mechanism 800 and the material distribution mechanism 900 to promote the diversion of ore.

[0063] Furthermore, the sorting transition mechanism 800 is connected to the material distribution mechanism 900. Through the movement of the slider 880, the tested ore can accurately enter the collection tank of the sorting box 100, achieving efficient classification and management. The cooperation of each component ensures the smoothness and efficiency of the entire sorting process.

[0064] Since the orifice 830 is set to be a combination of single-hole slots and circular slots, smaller fragments can be fully drained, as well as a small portion of medium-sized fragments, leaving only larger fragments, which are likely to be missed concentrates that were not blown onto the second guide plate 600 due to their weight.

[0065] After the drive motor 860 is started, the spiral disc 870 rotates, driving the pointed rod 8100 to continuously squeeze upwards. When the pointed rod 8100 reaches its farthest radius, it falls back to a smaller radius due to gravity, thus achieving cyclical motion. This series of movements causes the pointed rod 8100 to move back and forth on the surface of the spiral disc 870, driving the slider 880 to move synchronously, accompanied by continuous vibration. A grooved plate 8160 is provided on the side wall of the slider 880, which is connected to the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 through a sliding column 8170. When the slider 880 vibrates, one side of the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 also moves accordingly. This design not only improves the flexibility of the equipment but also effectively enhances the sorting accuracy. When the slider 880 descends to the bottom, the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 can catch the gravel in the transition zone, and the vibration causes the unselected small particles to continue falling through the drain hole 830. Conversely, when the slider 880 reaches its highest point, the tilted state of the arc-shaped scoop plate 820 allows larger gravel to slide smoothly towards the second guide plate 600 and enter the side trough of the sorting box 100 for collection. This improves the sorting efficiency of the mixed gravel, ensuring that large particles can be effectively separated while small particles are discharged smoothly.

[0066] To ensure the lifespan of the equipment, the chute 8130 is shielded by the sealing plate 8120 and the vertical plate 930 to prevent dust from entering the protective shell 850. Simultaneously, the design of the counterweight 840 ensures relative weight balance on both sides of the slider 880, reducing wear. When the slider 880 moves up and down, the bottom vertical plate 930 moves synchronously, ensuring the stability and smoothness of the entire sorting process. The design of the material distribution frame 910 diverts the falling crushed ore. The up-and-down movement of the vertical plate 930 drives the inclined elbow 940 to move synchronously. When the inclined elbow 940 is at the bottom, the edge of the intermediate trough of the sorting box 100 blocks some of the crushed stone, gradually concentrating it in the center of the intermediate trough. When the inclined elbow 940 moves upward, the rotating plate 920 is compressed, changing its position, causing the falling crushed stone to accumulate on the other side. This design allows the intermediate trough to evenly accumulate crushed stone in three areas, significantly improving the crushed stone collection effect.

[0067] In this embodiment, the detector 300 and the X-ray machine 400 work together. A Si (PIN) detector or a silicon drift detector (SDD) can be selected, and the response speed needs to reach the millisecond level to match the real-time airflow of the air gun. The air gun is an existing device.

[0068] This embodiment selects the Yichang Zhonghufeng phosphate rock or a sedimentary silica-calcium colloid phosphate rock in Guizhou as the treatment target. This type of ore is the most abundant type of refractory phosphate rock in my country, and the method of this embodiment has significant technical and economic advantages. Concentrate grade: (Meets the standards for phosphate rock used in acid processing). Impurity control: MgO ≤ 1.0%, SiO2 ≤ 10%. Recovery rate ≥ 80% (X-ray pre-selected target).

[0069] The working principle and process of this embodiment are as follows: First, the phosphate ore is sorted according to its phosphorus content to obtain refined ore. The phosphate ore fragments are evenly conveyed to the detector area 300 via conveyor belt 200. The X-ray instrument 400 detects the structure of the phosphate ore raw material. Then, the ore travels in an arc-shaped parabola through the first guide plate 500 to the middle trough of the sorting box 100 for collection. During this process, the air exhaust gun 810 located in the middle of the first guide plate 500 sprays compressed gas from its corresponding nozzle based on the detected phosphate ore position. This causes the falling fragments to be driven upwards in the air, thus changing direction and achieving a secondary parabolic fall, landing on the second guide plate 600 and entering the side trough of the sorting box 100 for collection, completing the sorting process.

[0070] The X-ray machine 400 is used to emit X-rays so that the X-rays pass through the overall frame and irradiate the ore located at the preset detection position, and pass through the conveyor belt 200.

[0071] The detector 300 is located below the X-ray machine 400 and is used to receive X-rays passing through the transmission belt 200 and generate corresponding X-ray images. Based on existing intelligent algorithms such as neural networks and deep learning, the generated X-ray images can be analyzed and the analysis results can be compared with thresholds to identify whether the ore at the preset detection position is waste rock or ore. This part is existing technology.

[0072] Phosphate ore fragments are conveyed via conveyor belt 200 to detector area 300. X-ray machine 400 performs online grade analysis on each fragment, identifying high-grade fragments (concentrate) and low-grade fragments (waste rock) in real time. The control system accurately calculates the time it takes for the fragments to reach the air blast gun 810 area in the middle of the first guide plate 500 based on the conveyor belt speed and the parabolic trajectory of the falling fragments. When a high-grade fragment is detected... At the threshold: no air jet, the stones fall into the intermediate trough (concentrate trough) along the first guide plate 500. When low-grade stones are detected ( At the threshold: the moment the stone reaches the air intake gun area, the corresponding air nozzle triggers the air jet, blowing the stone toward the second guide plate 600 and falling into the side trough (waste stone trough).

[0073] Furthermore, while the above sorting process can improve efficiency, the air blowing of the air gun 810 may not provide sufficient driving force for larger crushed ore, causing it to fail to reach the second guide plate 600 area. Additionally, the air jet may blow up smaller particles surrounding the selected crushed ore, resulting in a mixture of larger selected ore and smaller unselected ore, which then fall to the edge of the intermediate trough. In this case, the sorting transition mechanism 800 can further separate the two.

[0074] For example: low-grade waste rock with a particle size of 25mm ( The rock, weighing approximately 30g, was identified as waste rock by X-ray inspection. The air pressure was 0.35MPa, the jetting duration was 35ms, and the jet nozzle was aimed directly at the center of the rock. The rock fell parabolically with an initial velocity v=2.5m / s. The jetting generated an upward thrust, increasing the horizontal displacement of the rock by approximately 200-250mm, changing its trajectory from the original path (falling towards the middle trough) to the second guide plate area, where it fell into the side trough. The jetting energy utilization efficiency was approximately 60%-70%, with the remaining kinetic energy converted into rock rotation, but this did not affect the landing point. Ore with a particle size >15mm (mass >8g) could be stably sorted; ore with a particle size <10mm was easily affected by airflow interference. Mixed crushed stone with a particle size of 10-20mm and a mass of 3-15g was the main processing target of the transition mechanism.

[0075] This embodiment of the device achieves efficient separation of 10-40mm phosphate rock through a three-stage separation system consisting of real-time X-ray detection, precise air jet injection, and secondary screening by a transition mechanism. Equipment parameters can be: adaptively adjustable air jet pressure of 0.2-0.5MPa, separation threshold set at a particle size of 15mm / mass of 8g, target recovery rate ≥85%, and concentrate grade... .

[0076] Furthermore, starting the drive motor 860 can rotate the spiral disk 870, which continuously compresses and raises the pointed rod 8100. After reaching the farthest radius position of the spiral disk 870, it falls back into the small radius position of the spiral disk 870 under the action of gravity. This cycle repeats continuously. With the setting of the groove 8150, the pointed rod 8100 drives the slider 880 to slide back and forth in the slide groove 8130, and vibrates continuously during the sliding process. Since the groove plate 8160 on the side wall of the slider 880 is connected to the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 through the sliding column 8170, when the slider 880 reciprocates, one side of the arc-shaped scooping plate 820 is also driven to move accordingly. Furthermore, the other side of the arc-shaped scoop plate 820 is rotatably connected to the sorting box 100. Therefore, when the slider 880 is at the bottom, the arc-shaped scoop plate 820 can catch the gravel in the transition zone. With the vibration of the arc-shaped scoop plate 820, the unselected small gravel particles continue to fall through the sieve 830 into the middle trough. When the slider 880 continues to move to its highest point, only the selected large gravel particles remain in the arc-shaped scoop plate 820. At this time, one end of the arc-shaped scoop plate 820 rises, making it inclined, allowing the large gravel particles to slide along the arc towards the second guide plate 600 and enter the side trough of the sorting box 100 for collection. This effectively sorts the mixed gravel in the transition zone, improving sorting efficiency. When the slider 880 falls back, the spring is cushioned by the pressure plate 8140, maintaining vibration, thus repeating the screening process.

[0077] Finally, the sealing plate 8120 and the vertical plate 930 can shield the position of the slide 8130 to prevent dust from entering the protective shell 850. The counterweight block 840 can balance the weight on both sides of the slider 880, reducing the wear of the slider 880. When the slider 880 moves up and down, it can also drive the bottom vertical plate 930 to move synchronously, and the vertical plate 930 drives the bent diagonal rod 940 to move synchronously.

[0078] When the inclined rod 940 is at the bottom, the gravel falling into the middle trough is first blocked by the distribution frame 910. A small portion of the gravel is separated and falls to the edge of the middle trough of the sorting box 100, while the majority remains in the middle. At this time, the rotating plate 920 is basically unaffected. When the inclined rod 940 moves upward, it squeezes and rotates the rotating plate 920, causing it to rotate from a near-vertical direction to a horizontal direction. This concentrates the gravel falling in the middle and guides it to accumulate on the other side of the middle trough. In this way, the gravel in the middle trough is evenly piled in three areas, achieving automatic leveling of the collected gravel and improving the collection efficiency.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0080] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mineral sorting method for improving sorting efficiency, characterized in that: Different minerals are separated into a first position and a second position by jet injection; for crushed ore and small particles that fail to reach the first and second positions due to insufficient driving force in the transition zone between the first and second positions, sorting is performed, including: The crushed ore and small-particle crushed ore fall onto the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) in the transition zone. Through a certain degree of rotation of the arc-shaped scoop plate in the transition zone, the crushed ore in the transition zone is caught, and with the vibration of the arc-shaped scoop plate (820), the small-particle crushed ore continues to fall through the holes on the arc-shaped scoop plate (820). As the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) continues to move, only the selected large-particle gravel remains in the arc-shaped scoop plate (820), and at this time, one end of the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) rises to make it tilted, and the large-particle gravel can slide along the arc to the second position.

2. The mineral sorting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the distribution of falling small particles of gravel. The arc-shaped scoop plate (820) moves synchronously with the distribution mechanism. When the distribution mechanism moves to the first state, the small particles of gravel first pass through the obstruction of the distribution mechanism, and a small portion of the gravel is separated and falls to the edge, while the majority of the gravel is still gathered in the middle. When the distribution mechanism moves to the second state, the small particles of gravel falling in the middle are concentrated and guided to the other side to accumulate.

3. A mineral sorting device for improving sorting efficiency, characterized in that: The system includes a sorting box (100), the inner cavity of which is fixedly connected to a pair of separating components. The first separating component is close to the conveyor belt (200). A sorting transition mechanism (800) is provided between the first and second separating components. The sorting transition mechanism (800) includes an arc-shaped scoop plate (820) and a driving component. The arc-shaped scoop plate (820) has several holes. One side of the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box (100). The holes are located at the upper edge of the second separating component. The other side of the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) is connected to the driving component. The driving component moves up and down, causing the arc-shaped scoop plate (820) to rotate and vibrate. The first separating component is provided with an air jet component. The air jet nozzle of the air jet component faces obliquely upward. The ore transported by the conveyor belt (200) is separated by the airflow to different positions of the separating component. The arc-shaped scoop plate (820) sorts the crushed ore and small particles on it.

4. The mineral sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a material distribution mechanism (900) located below the sorting transition mechanism (800), the material distribution mechanism (900) being connected to the drive mechanism of the sorting transition mechanism (800); the material distribution mechanism (900) includes a vertical plate (930) located at the bottom of the drive mechanism, the side wall of the vertical plate (930) slidingly abutting against the inner side wall of the sorting box (100), the lower end of the vertical plate (930) being fixedly connected to a bent inclined rod (940), the upper side of the bent inclined rod (940) slidingly abutting against a rotating plate (920), the top of the rotating plate (920) being rotatably connected to the material distribution frame (910), and the end of the material distribution frame (910) being located on the second partition component.

5. The mineral sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive components include: A slider (880) has a pointed rod (8100) fixedly connected to its end via a sleeve plate (890). The slider (880) is also slidably connected to a groove (8130) on the side wall of the sorting box (100). A counterweight (840) is fixedly connected to one side of the slider (880), and a groove plate (8160) is fixedly connected to the other side of the slider (880). A sliding column (8170) is movably connected to the inner side of the groove plate (8160), and the end of the sliding column (8170) is connected to the other side of the arc-shaped scooping plate (820). The output end of the drive motor (860) passes through the protective shell (850) on the outer wall of the sorting box (100) and is connected to the spiral disc (870). The outer wall of the spiral disc (870) is provided with several grooves (8150) at equal intervals. The bottom of the pointed rod (8100) slides against the outer wall of the spiral disc (870).

6. The mineral sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the protective shell (850) is provided with a slot, the sleeve plate (890) is slidably connected to the slot by the locking block (8110), the bottom of the slider (880) abuts against the pressing plate (8140), and the pressing plate (8140) is elastically connected to the bottom of the slide groove (8130).

7. The mineral sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top edge of the slider (880) is fixed with a sealing plate (8120), which slides against the inner wall of the sorting box (100), and the size of the sealing plate (8120) is larger than the size of the groove (8130).

8. The mineral sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc-shaped scooping plate (820) is provided with a plurality of equidistant holes (830), and the holes (830) are configured to be distributed with single hole slots and circular hole slots interspersed.

9. The mineral sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arc-shaped scoop plate (820) is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sorting box (100) on the side away from the slide column (8170), and the drain hole (830) is located on the upper edge of the second separating component.

10. The mineral sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 3-9, characterized in that: A conveyor belt (200) is provided on the side wall of the sorting box (100), a detector (300) is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt (200), and an X-ray instrument (400) is provided above the conveyor belt (200), and the X-ray instrument (400) and the detector (300) are located on the same axis. The first separating component includes a first separating block (700) and a first guide plate (500), and the second separating component includes a second separating block (1000) and a second guide plate (600). The first separating block (700) and the second separating block (1000) are located in the inner cavity of the sorting box (100), and the sorted ore falls outside the first separating block (700) and between the first separating block (700) and the second separating block (1000). The first partition block (700) is provided with a first guide plate (500) at the top, and the second partition block (700) is provided with a second guide plate (600) at the top; the end of the first guide plate (500) is close to the conveyor belt (200), and a jet component is fixedly connected to the middle, with the jet nozzle of the jet component facing obliquely upward.

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